人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement精品同步练习题

Unit 1 People of Achievement

Part 1 Reading and Thinking

话题作文：一位你最敬佩的人物

    从古到今，在中国有很多伟大且值得敬佩的人物，请以The Person I Admire Most为题，写一篇短文介绍一位你最敬佩的人，内容包括：1.人物简介；2.敬佩他/她的理由（至少两点）；3.你受到的启发。

【参考范文】      

     As is known to us, there are lots of great people in China. For me, Yuan Longping is the person I admire most.

Yuan Longping, father of hybrid rice, is one of Chinese great scientists. He made great achievements during his lifetime, improving the yield of hybrid rice and feeding millions of people all over the world. Besides, he was strong-minded and continued setting higher goals instead of stopping trying, which leaves me a deep impression.

Although he passed away last year, his spirit still inspires me all the time. I will study hard and never give up my dream. In the future, I would like to be a useful person to make a great contribution to society.

培优第一阶——基础过关练

I. 单词拼写          

1．He drew a ________(结论) after many experiments and found out the cause for the disease.

2．A man was shot twice as he ________(逃跑)from five masked youths.

3．His first ________ (小说) has received good reviews since it came out last month.

4．According to rules of our school, teachers are supposed to make a ________(总结) of their teaching every day.

5．As a n______ (小说家), I’ve found a new relationship with libraries.

6．When the phone rings, whatever the c_________ (情况), everything stops so that the call can be answered.

II. 短语填空

1．If you__________ leaving now, please go ahead.

2．Over the years I've__________ that she's a very great musician.

3．Albert Einstein is__________ the greatest scientists in modern physics.

4．In Afghanistan, where it is__________ Iraq, you can be treated distinctly at your first visiting.

5．Too much work and too little rest often__________ illness.

6．He__________ his business by telephone when he was in hospital.

7．She is on a diet. __________, she pursues various exercise on TV.

8．On the other hand, new technology has__________ people everywhere__________ many benefits over the years.

9．The Internet has made it possible for friends and family to__________ easily.

10．Many people still live happily__________ new technology.

11．__________should you approach the man who lacks a sense of responsibility.

12．The living-room carpet has to stand up to__________ of two dogs and three children.

III. 单句语法填空

1．The way in _____(that/which) he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 

2．A terrible earthquake happened in that district at the end of 2004, ________ many people all over the world visited there.

3．The man hid himself behind a post, from ________ he carefully watched a tall building across the street.

4．Bill set up a club for football fans, _______which he invited all his friends.

5．Mr Zhang has two daughters, both of ________ are famous doctors.

6．Others argue that there is no ______ (conclusion) evidence that modern temperatures are higher than they used to be.

7．Tom will build a new school, ________ excites everyone in the town.

8．（2017新课标III卷）But Sarah, ___________has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.

9．The result was not the same as they had expected, ________ was rather disappointing.

10．Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of ________ was very reasonable.

11．In their class there are altogether 54 students, half of ________ wear glasses.

12．After running a restaurant for several years, he retired at the age of 65 and received his first social security check, ________ was for $105, as his only income.

13．Gold was discovered near San Francisco in 1848, ________started a gold rush.

IV. 翻译句子

1．我经常在业余时间和一些英语网友聊天，这对我的英语口语很有帮助。(contribute to, which的非限制性定语从句) （汉译英）

2．这一半个世纪前发现的历史遗迹分布范围达 50 平方公里，统一规划，布局有序，建筑宏伟。(cover) （汉译英）

3．露西因为缺乏舞台经验，在乐队选拔中失败了。（lack；try out for）（汉译英）

4．虽然这个问题很复杂，但他克服种种困难，竭尽全力去理清线索，最终找到了问题的症结所在，这让他赢得了同事们的一致认可。（as）（汉译英）

5．因其自身才华和艺术成就，一向致力于为受歧视群体发声的Taylor Swift被授予了荣誉学位，可谓实至名归。(couple, commit)(汉译英)

培优第二阶——拓展培优练

阅读理解

话题人物：科学家——Richard Phillips Feynman      

Sometimes a person who thinks in an unusual way can look at the world from a different point of view. Such was Richard Phillips Feynman, a role model change maker. Born in 1918, he began showing some unusual qualities.

The first sign of Feynman’s unique qualities was that he hadn’t yet spoken by age three. But young Feynman showed a talent for math and engineering. He enjoyed repairing household objects, and built a simple laboratory in his room. By the time he was in high school, he was experimenting things which were only taught to college students.

After Richard Feynman graduated from high school in 1939, he studied at the MIT. Despite the fact that his grades in science and math were “the best that we’ve seen,” according to Princeton, he was almost rejected due to his very poor grades in writing and his Jewish religion. Finally, he was accepted and continued to study physics at Princeton where he got his PhD．His lectures attracted many great scientists of the time, including Albert Einstein.

At Princeton, Feynman began his most famous work: his work on nuclear weapons. He moved to a lab and not all of his work there has been released to the public, but we know he performed experiments related to uranium. After the war, Feynman taught at Cornell University, where he continued his studies. He was also awarded the Nobel Prize for his work in particle physics.

Then, in 1978, Feynman developed cancer and died a year later. Though Feynman and his work are honored by physicists across the world, his personal qualities and skills are what really makes him unique. Faced with all the challenges, he never gave up, doing work that he loved until the day he died.

5. What do we know about Richard Phillips Feynman from the text?

A．Young Feynman showed his talent in every field.

B．Feynman won the Nobel Prize after the war ended.

C．Young Feynman enjoyed managing household a lot.

D．Feynman was diagnosed with cancer and died at the age of 60.

6. Why was Feynman admitted by Princeton?

A．Because he was a Jewish.

B．Because he graduated from the MIT.

C．Because he was very gifted in math and science.

D．Because his lecture attracted many great scientists.

7. Which words can best describe Richard Feynman?

A．Selfless and friendly. B．Talented and stubborn.

C．Intelligent and devoted. D．Strong-willed and humorous.

8. What may be the best title of the text?

A．Richard Feynman’s Unusual Qualities B．Richard Feynman — A Respected Scientist

C．A Touching Story About Richard Feynman D．The Influence of Richard Feynman

培优第三阶——高考沙场点兵

阅读理解

主题语境：人与自我   难易度：☆☆☆   语篇类型：记叙文  建议用时：8 min

（2020新高考1卷，B篇）

Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.

Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.

Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jenifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.

Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲)to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. ''Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,'' she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that's pretty powerful.

1. What did Jennifer do after high school?

A. She helped her dad with his work.

B. She ran the family farm on her own.

C. She supported herself through college.

D. She taught her sisters and brothers at home.

2. Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield?

A. To take care of her kids easily. B. To learn from the best nurses.

C. To save money for her parents. D. To find a well-paid job there.

3. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal?

A. Her health. B. Her time with family.

C. Her reputation. D. Her chance of promotion.

4. What can we learn from Jenifer's story?

A. Time is money. B. Love breaks down barriers.

C. Hard work pays off. D. Education is the key to success.

【词汇积累】

1. willpower n.意志力，毅力
2. typical adj.典型的，有代表性的
3. pursue v.追求，致力于
4. pay her tuition付学费
5. sacrifice牺牲
6. achieve her goal 实现目标
7. inspiration 灵感

【答案】1. C    2. A    3. B    4. C

【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jennifer在家里不能提供大学教育的情况下，通过自己的努力，以及家人的帮助完成了四年学位。她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成绩毕业，还给家人，尤其是她的三个孩子树立了榜样，让他们得到了激励。

1.细节理解题。根据第二段的After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.(高中毕业后，Jennifer上了一所当地的技术学院来支付她的学费，因为家里没有额外的钱用来支付大学教育)可知，高中毕业后Jennifer通过自己挣钱来完成大学教学，因为家里没有额外的钱。C. She supported herself through college.(她自食其力读完了大学)符合以上说法，故选C项。

2.细节理解题。根据第三段的She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Misnistry Saint Joseph’s Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.(她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau Claire项目，因为她可以在离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。她可以开车去上课，晚上可以回家照顾孩子)可知，Jennifer选择位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau Claire项目是因为离家近，这样便于照顾她的三个孩子。A. To take care of her kids easily.(为了方便照顾她的孩子)符合以上说法，故选A项。

3.细节理解题。根据最后一段的Jennifer sacrificed to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.(Jennifer为了实现自己的目标牺牲了很多，她放弃了很多个和孩子待在一起的晚上，错过了很多重要的活动)可知，为了实现自己的目标Jennifer放弃了和家人待在一起的时光。B. Her time with family.(她与家人的时光)符合以上说法，故选B项。

4.推理判断题。根据最后一段的Through it all, she remind in good academic standing and graduated with honors.(虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业)和However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that’s the pretty powerful.(然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中得到了重要的一课。Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励--这是非常强大的。)可知，Jennifer在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得到了激励。由此推测，我们可以从Jennifer的故事中学到:努力总会有回报。C. Hard work pays off.(努力会得到回报)符合以上说法，故选C项。

语法填空

（2020·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess ___1___ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is ___2___ (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ___3___ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular ___4___ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so ___5___ the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 ___6___ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it ___7___ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ___8___ (construct)”. Data about the moon’s composition, such as how ___9___ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether ____10____ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.