外研版高考英语一轮总复习教材知识解读必修第1册Unit 6 At one with nature课时学案

1. prevent v. 阻挡，防止，阻碍，阻挠

(1)prevent sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事

stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事

keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事

(2)prevention n. 防止，预防

(3)preventive adj. 预防(性)的，防备的

[词块]

prevent people polluting the environment 阻止人们污染环境

prevent the situation worsening 防止局势恶化

——单句语法填空

①(2020·天津卷)It prevents people who are cut off from society falling (fall) victim to cheaters.

②We have succeeded in preventing a great number of endangered species from extinction.

——句式升级

(普通表达)We should take effective measures to stop the environment from being destroyed.

③(高级表达)Effective measures should be taken to prevent the environment from being destroyed．(被动语态)

2. harm v. 伤害，损害 n. 危害，伤害，损害

(1)cause/do harm to... 对……造成伤害/有害

there is no harm in doing sth. 做某事没有害处

(2)harmful adj. 有害的

be harmful to对……有害

(3)harmless adj. 无害的

[词块]

mean/think no harm 没有恶意

serious/slight harm 严重/轻微伤害

without harm 没有损害/伤害

bodily harm 人身伤害

——单句语法填空

①Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people.

②(2019·浙江卷)However, no praise from parents also does harm to their self­confidence.

③He may not be able to help but there's no harm in asking (ask) him.

——一句多译

有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度， 这对他们的健康非常有害。

④Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, which is very harmful to their health．(harmful)

⑤Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, which does great harm to their health．(harm)

3. replace v. 以……替换，更换；把……放回原处

(1)replace... with/by... 用……替换，以……接替

(2)take the place of/take one's place代替

in place of.../in one's place代替

(3)replacement n. 更换，更替，替换的人(物)

[词块]

replace the magazines after reading杂志阅读后放回原处

——单句语法填空

①It is now easier to replace (replace) an object than to spend time and money to repair it.

②It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with/by a modern hotel or not.

——一句多译

找一个人来代替现在的经理是不容易的。

③It would be difficult to find a man in place of/to take the place of the present manager.(place)

④It would be difficult to find a man to replace the present manager.(replace)

4. benefit n. 好处，益处 v. 有益于，有助于，受益

(1)benefit from/by 从……中获益，得益于

for the benefit of sb./for one's benefit 为了某人的利益

(2)beneficial adj. 有益的，有利的

be beneficial to.../be of benefit to... 对……有益

(3)beneficially adv. 有益地，有利地，有用地

[词块]

benefit a lot from this activity从这个活动中获益良多

the benefits of modern medicine现代医学的裨益

a benefit concert 慈善音乐会

——单句语法填空

①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Race walking shares many fitness benefits (benefit) with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries.

②(2019·北京卷)The students benefiting (benefit) most from college are those who are totally engaged in academic life, taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources.

③(江苏卷)Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations.

④China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals for the benefit of all its citizens.

⑤(2018·北京卷)Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial (benefit) character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.

——词汇升级/句式升级

(普通表达)It has been two weeks since you came to our school for the exchange programme, and it is good to all of us.

⑥(高级表达)It has been two weeks since you came to our school for the exchange programme, and it is of benefit to all of us.(be＋of＋n.)

⑦(高级表达)It has been two weeks since you came to our school for the exchange programme, which is of benefit to all of us．(非限制性定语从句)

5. pass down 流传，传下来，世代相传

pass away 去世，亡故；消失

pass by 路过，经过；(时间)过去

pass up 放过，放弃，错过(机会)

pass sth. on to sb./pass on sth. to sb. 把某物递给/传给某人

pass through 通过；经历

——单句语法填空

①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ) That taught me a valuable lesson and I pass it on to the people who work in the market.

②The good tradition has been passed down from generation to generation.

③I was sorry to learn that his mother had passed away．

④Did you see a man in black pass by just now?

⑤She passed through a difficult period after her marriage failed.

⑥I don't think you should pass up the opportunity to go to university.

——完成句子

⑦They are searching for the civilisations that have passed away．

他们正在寻找那些不复存在的社会文明。

⑧The treasure has been passed down from parents to children over generations．

这个宝物已经从父母传给孩子很多代人了。

6. 非谓语动词作状语

(教材原文)Reaching as far as the eye can see, these terraces cover tall mountains, often from the bottom to the very top.

这些梯田覆盖着高高的山脉，从底部一直延伸到最顶端，一直延伸到眼睛所能看到的地方。

非谓语动词作状语表示时间、条件、方式、让步或伴随情况，通常用现在分词或过去分词；若句子主语与非谓语动词是主动关系，用现在分词；若句子主语与非谓语动词是被动关系，用过去分词或现在分词的被动式。

——单句语法填空

①Seeing (see) the cat, the mouse ran off.

②He sat in the chair reading (read) newspapers.

③Given (give) more time, we could have done it better.

——完成句子

④The teacher came in, following our monitor．

老师进来了，跟在我们班长后面。

⑤Clearly and thoughtfully written, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.

这本书写得清晰有深度，它激发了那些想寻求属于自己的答案的学生们的信心。

【教师用书独具】

7. design v. 设计，构思，计划 n. 设计，图案，构思

(1)design sth. for... 为某目的或用途而制造或计划

be designed for.../to do sth. 目的是……

(2)by design/on purpose 故意地；蓄意地

by accident/by chance偶然地

[词块]

a brilliant design绝妙的设计

specially designed software 专门设计的软件

the design for the new sports centre 新体育中心的设计图

a bowl with a flower design 有花卉图案的碗

——单句语法填空

①(2019·天津卷)Most colleges now offer first­year students a course specially designed to help (help) them succeed academically and personally.

②Designed (design) for English beginners, the dictionary was sold out on the day when it came out.

③It is said that the early European playing­cards were designed for entertainment and education.

④(上海卷)Whether by chance or by design, it so happened that there were almost exactly 150 people in the station.

——句式升级

(普通表达)This project was designed to help the students in need. But it just didn't work out as planned.

⑤(高级表达)This project designed to help the students in need just didn't work out as planned.(过去分词短语作定语)

⑥(高级表达)This project which was designed to help the students in need just didn't work out as planned.(定语从句)

8. limited adj. 有限的

(1)limit v. 限制，限定，制约 n. 限制；范围；界限

limit... to... 把……限制到……

a limit to... ……的限度

set a limit to 对……规定限度

within the limits of 在……范围内

beyond the limit 超过限度/范围

(2)limitless adj. 无限的，无界限的

(3)limitation n. 限制，制约；局限性；规定

[词块]

be limited to 400 words or so 被限制在400词左右

limit the use of plastic bags 限制塑料袋的使用

——单句语法填空

①(2019·江苏卷)Walking upright challenges the human bone structure, and limits (limit) the size of brains.

②There is a limit to one's life, but no limit to serving (serve) the people.

③In my opinion, keeping dogs shouldn't be banned, but should be within the limit of certain areas.

④In my opinion, taking cellphones with the students should not be banned, but limited (limit) to certain areas.

⑤Their offer is for a limited (limit) period only.

⑥In my opinion, we should limit our expense to what we can afford.

⑦Despite the limitations (limit) of the survey, it did suggest some general trends.

——一句多译

在我看来，你最好对旅游费用设定个界限。

⑧In my opinion, you had better limit the expense of your trip．(limit v．)

⑨In my opinion, you had better set a limit to the expense of your trip．(limit n．)

用所给词的正确形式填空

1. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)These include a plant that can detect harmful (harm) chemicals in groundwater.

2. Only blindness could have prevented (prevent) her from knowing that she was unusually attractive.

3. This is the mark of her real genius as a designer (design)．

4. How many hours do you spend watching (watch) TV on Sunday?

5. We had only limited (limit) time to communicate with the natives.

在空白处填入一个适当的词

6. (2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)His efforts have resulted in 1，360 acres of naturally­grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.

7. Air pollution will get worse and this will be harmful to people.

8. In my opinion, his suggestions are not in harmony with the aims of this project.

9. As far as I know, Tom has come up with a good idea to solve the difficult problem.

10. A large number of students will benefit from the new teaching method.

查缺补漏

11. At the meeting he offered a suggestion to improve (improve) the plan to promote our new product.

12. Completion (complete) of the building work is taking longer than expected.

13. Butterflies feed on a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.

14. This place is home to 9，000 plant species, a third of which are found nowhere else.

15. There is nothing better than coming home after a long journey.

【教师用书独具】

单元话题语篇练

Natural resources are things 1. which/that exist in nature and can be used by people. Some natural resources are renewable, like trees. When one tree is cut down, we can plant a new tree to replace it. Others, 2. however, are not renewable, like the coal dug out of the ground. Once it is used, it is 3. gone (go)．

Although we all know that our natural resources are limited, we often waste them in our daily life. Paper, bottles and cans 4. are thrown (throw) away carelessly; food is wasted just because of its poor taste; clothes are rejected 5. simply (simple) due to their old fashion. These valuable natural resources will run out before long 6. unless better use is made of them.

Actually, everyone can make contributions (贡献) to 7. protecting (protect) our natural resources. For example, 8. by riding a bicycle or walking instead of driving, we can save lots of petrol. Water is a very important natural resource because we all need 9. it to stay alive. We can make wise 10. choices (choose) to save water, like reusing the water that has been used to wash vegetables to water flowers.

单元话题写作练

1. 补全要点句(黑体部分请使用本单元所学词汇)

①非洲象是世界上最大的陆地动物。

African elephants are the biggest land animals in the world.

②成年非洲象大约有5吨重。

The adult African elephant weighs about 5 tons．

③它们主要以草、树叶或野果为食。

They feed mainly on grass, leaves or wild fruits.

④它们的栖息地为森林、河流、山谷或非洲撒哈拉沙漠南部的半沙漠地带。

Their habitats can be found in forests, rivers, valleys, or semi­desert areas south of Sahara Desert in Africa.

⑤人们猎杀非洲象是为了获得象牙，人们喜欢收集象牙以获得奢侈品。

African elephants are hunted for their ivories and people like to collect them for luxury.

⑥如今，这个物种正处于灭绝的边缘。

Today the species is at the edge of extinction．

⑦由于人类的大量偷猎，非洲象的数量已从1980年的1，300万头左右降到了现在的40万头。

Due to human poaching, only 0.4 million survive now, while the number of African elephants was about 13 million in 1980.

⑧是时候让政府或世界组织采取措施保护它们免于灭绝。

It's time for the governments or world organisations to take measures to protect them from dying out．

2. 升级平淡句

(1)用定语从句合并句③④

They feed mainly on grass, leaves or wild fruits, whose habitats can be found in forests, rivers, valleys, or semi­desert areas south of Sahara Desert in Africa.

(2)用定语从句改写句⑤

African elephants are hunted for their ivories which people like to collect for luxury.

3. 衔接成美文

African elephants are the biggest land animals in the world. The adult African elephant weighs about 5 tons. They feed mainly on grass, leaves or wild fruits, whose habitats can be found in forests, rivers, valleys, or semi­desert areas south of Sahara Desert in Africa. African elephants are hunted for their ivories which people like to collect for luxury.

Today the species is at the edge of extinction. Due to human poaching, only 0.4 million survive now, while the number of African elephants was about 13 million in 1980. It's time for the governments or world organisations to take measures to protect them from dying out.