还剩13页未读，
继续阅读
所属成套资源：北师大版英语选择性必修第四册同步练习整套
成套系列资料，整套一键下载
- 2022秋新教材高中英语Unit11ConflictandCompromisePeriod5WritingWorkshop课时作业北师大版选择性必修第四册 试卷 0 次下载
- 2022秋新教材高中英语Unit11ConflictandCompromisePeriod6ViewingWorkshop－CheckYourProgress课时作业北师大版选择性必修第四册 试卷 0 次下载
- 2022秋新教材高中英语Unit12InnovationPeriod1TopicTalk课时作业北师大版选择性必修第四册 试卷 0 次下载
- 2022秋新教材高中英语Unit12InnovationPeriod2Lesson1ScientificBreakthroughs课时作业北师大版选择性必修第四册 试卷 0 次下载
- 2022秋新教材高中英语Unit12InnovationPeriod3Lesson2AhaMoment课时作业北师大版选择性必修第四册 试卷 0 次下载
2022秋新教材高中英语Unit11ConflictandCompromise单元测试北师大版选择性必修第四册
展开
这是一份2022秋新教材高中英语Unit11ConflictandCompromise单元测试北师大版选择性必修第四册，共16页。
UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE
(满分：120分 建议用时：120分钟)
第一部分 阅读(共两节， 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2．5分， 满分37．5分)
A
In any given week, about four dozen kids visit Dr. David Abramson’s preschool-like clinic at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City. And while most of them are barely old enough to speak, because of Dr. Abramson and the groundbreaking medical procedure he has created for a rare and potentially deadly eye cancer called retinoblastoma, they can see.
In the past, if the cancer didn’t respond well to then-available treatments, survival required removing the cancerous eye. The parents, however, will often choose to let their children die with their eyes intact rather than live without them.
“This was a transformational change in our field，” says Dr. Abramson, who began using the technique in 2006． “Overnight, we went from taking out children’s eyes to not taking out children’s eyes. ”
But there’s an aspect of the technique that Dr. Abramson doesn’t talk about much, even though it is as inspirational as the technique itself. He refused to patent it. Pursuing a patent, he feared, would have meant the technique would be kept secret for a long period of time while the paperwork was approved by the U．S. Trademark and Patent Office(USPTO). In the meantime, untold numbers of children would have suffered and perhaps died.
Patent experts wouldn’t make a guess on exactly how much money Dr. Abramson left on the Table by not patenting his procedure. But the purpose of a medical procedure patent is that it allows a doctor to profit by teaching others to perform the procedure.
“I want people to know that when I do something, it’s from my scientific heart, not because I have any financial benefit，” he says. “And ultimately, our goal is to help children. Our driving force in this is not to make money. ”
( )1． What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Eyes. B．Parents.
C．Children. D．Treatments.
( )2． Why didn’t Dr. Abramson get the technique patented?
A．He feared that the technique might be kept secret forever.
B．He didn’t like the idea of teaching others about the technique.
C．The application process meant many sufferings and even deaths.
D．The application process would require too much money and time.
( )3． What is the author’s purpose in writing this article?
A．To introduce an eye cancer.
B．To give credit to Dr. Abramson.
C．To recommend an evolutionary cure.
D．To show the difficulty of a patent application.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。Dr. David Abramson首创的眼科动脉化疗技术能够使儿童减少眼部癌症带来的痛苦甚至死亡，但是他拒绝将该技术申请发明专利来盈利。
1．A 代词指代题。根据画线词所在句 “The parents, however, will often choose to let their children die with their eyes intact rather than live without them. ”可知，然而，父母通常会选择让他们的孩子带着完整的眼睛死去，而不是没有它们活下去。由此可知，划线词them指代的是眼睛。故选A项。
2．C 细节理解题。根据第四段中 “Pursuing a patent, he feared, would have meant the technique would be kept secret for a long period of time while the paperwork was approved by the U．S. Trademark and Patent Office(USPTO)．In the meantime, untold numbers of children would have suffered and perhaps died. ”可知，他担心，申请专利将意味着该技术将在美国商标和专利局批准文书工作期间长期保密。在此期间，无数的儿童将遭受痛苦甚至死亡。由此可知，Dr. David Abramson拒绝申请专利的原因是申请专利过程意味着许多儿童将遭受痛苦甚至死亡。故选C项。
3．B 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章先是介绍了Dr. David Abramson首创的眼科动脉化疗技术，但第四段的But是一个信号词，从第四段开始，作者讲述Dr. David Abramson不申请专利，他选择放弃利润。作者引用他的话：“我希望人们知道，当我做某件事时，是出于科学考虑，而不是因为任何的经济利益。我们的最终目标是帮助儿童，不是为了赚钱。”由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了赞扬Dr. David Abramson。故选B项。
B
Katie always knew she wanted to be a performer. She was fond of Disney movies from an early age and would often sing along with her mom, Karen.
When Katie was nine years old, her happy childhood took a turn when her mother was diagnosed with cancer. When the doctor informed the Whetsell family that Karen’s disease was terminal, they made a decision. Disney World had been a longtime dream vacation for Karen. So in November 1997, the family packed up and headed to Disney World. Katie says she’ll never forget the moment that changed her life on that trip: After a long day at the parks, the Whetsells decided to see one of Disney World’s many nightly light shows. While watching, a Disney cast member performing in the parade came up to her mom and rested her hand on Karen’s shoulder. They exchanged smiles and, to this day, Katie remembered how at peace her mom looked. The whole family was touched and moved to tears. This was the day Katie decided she wanted to work for Disney.
After graduating from college, Katie went on to pursue performing for a living. She struggled for years, working as a waitress and trying to make it as an actor. Her hard work and passion finally paid off when she was hired to work on Disney Cruise Lines in 2009． Katie’s favourite friend in the Disney World is Dory in “Finding Nemo the Musical”. She says that Dory has taught her the value of living in the present moment and to “just keep swimming. ”
Katie has never lost sight of the fact that she and others who work for the company bring joy to the lives of many every day. “Everything we do at the parks makes a difference to many families. It’s a way for us to help them forget. It’s amazing to be able to comfort others. ” When asked what her mother would think of her working at Disney World, she takes a deep breath and allows the tears to flow. “I just feel like she’d be so proud. I can feel her presence often and I feel her having a part in what I do. It’s perfect. ”
( )4． Why did the Whetsell family decide to go to Disney World in November 1997?
A．The Disney World has always been a good place for vacation.
B．Karen was seriously ill and Disney World was what she had dreamed for.
C．The Whetsell family were all fond of Disney characters.
D．Katie always wanted to go to the Disney World to be a performer.
( )5． What happened during the Disney trip that changed Katie’s life?
A．Katie took part in the parade performance and realized her dream.
B．The whole family enjoyed themselves in the nightly light shows.
C．A performer in the Disney parade brought comfort to her mom.
D．Karen was invited to perform with cast members and she felt satisfied.
( )6． What’s the purpose to mention Katie’s favourite friend Dory?
A．To inform us more of Katie’s struggling life.
B．To introduce another Disney character named Dory.
C．To imply Katie’s understanding of life.
D．To tell us the importance to keep going.
( )7． Which of the following can best describe Katie’s personality?
A．Intelligent and industrious. B．Diligent and dependent.
C．Selfless and sympathetic. D．Persistent and positive.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了从小对迪士尼电影着迷的凯蒂·惠特塞尔，在九岁时，因为母亲病重一家人决定去迪士尼度过一段梦想的假期。这让凯蒂有了一个新的梦想，就是为迪士尼工作，在为迪士尼工作的10年期间里，凯蒂的工作就是给来自世界各地的家庭带来快乐。在2003年，母亲去世后，凯蒂继续追求自己的演艺生涯，经过一番努力，最后取得了成功。
4．B 细节理解题。根据第二段中 “When Katie was nine years old, her happy childhood took a turn when her mother was diagnosed with cancer. When the doctor informed the Whetsell family that Karen’s disease was terminal, they made a decision. ”可知，当凯蒂九岁时，她快乐的童年发生了变化，因为她的母亲被诊断出癌症。当医生告诉惠特塞尔一家卡伦的病已经是晚期时，他们做了一个决定。由此可知，惠特塞尔一家决定在1997年11月去迪士尼乐园是因为卡伦病得很重，迪士尼乐园是她梦寐以求的地方。故选B项。
5．C 细节理解题。根据第二段中 “While watching, a Disney cast member performing in the parade came up to her mom and rested her hand on Karen’s shoulder. They exchanged smiles and, to this day, Katie remembered how at peace her mom looked. The whole family was touched and moved to tears. ”可知，在观看的过程中，一名迪士尼演员在游行队伍中表演，她走到妈妈面前，把手放在卡伦的肩膀上。他们交换着微笑，直到今天，凯蒂还记得她妈妈看上去是多么安详。全家人都感动得流下了眼泪。由此可知，迪士尼游行中的一名表演者给她妈妈带来了安慰，改变了凯蒂的生活。故选C项。
6．C 推理判断题。根据第三段中 “She says that Dory has taught her the value of living in the present moment and to ’just keep swimming. ’ ”可知，她说，多莉教会了她活在当下的价值，让她“一直游下去”。由此可推知，提到凯蒂最喜欢的朋友是多莉的目的在于暗示凯蒂对生活的理解。故选C。
7．D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “Katie has never lost sight of the fact that she and others who work for the company bring joy to the lives of many every day. ”可知，凯蒂从未忘记，她和其他在公司工作的人每天都给许多人的生活带来欢乐。结合文章记叙了从小对迪士尼电影着迷的凯蒂·惠特塞尔，在九岁时，因为母亲病重一家人决定去迪士尼度过一段梦想的假期。这让凯蒂有了一个新的梦想，就是为迪士尼工作，在为迪士尼工作的10年期间里，凯蒂的工作就是给来自世界各地的家庭带来快乐。在2003年，母亲去世后，凯蒂继续追求自己的演艺生涯，经过一番努力，最后取得了成功。由此可推知，凯蒂的个性是执着和积极的。故选D项。
C
From talking robots and video phones to rovers on Mars, technology has become so advanced that the previously impossible seems to occur on a daily basis. And yet—we still have no cure for the common cold.
Why can’t we stop the common cold? According to Peter Barlow, a scientist at Edinburgh Napier University in the UK, the main challenge lies in many different types of cold viruses that are produced by the rhinoviruses (鼻病毒). There are at least 160 types. They mutate (突变) so easily that they quickly become resistant to drugs, or learn to hide from our immune systems. In other words, a single cure isn’t likely to work on every type of cold.
However, researchers from Stanford University and the University of California, San Francisco, have found a possible answer. They discovered a protein that the viruses need. Without it, they can’t spread inside your body.
To identify the gene which produces the specific protein needed by the viruses, researchers used a gene-editing technique to test all genes in the human genome one by one for thousands of cells. These modified (改变的) cells were then exposed to a range of enteroviruses(肠道病毒), including the rhinoviruses which cause the common cold. All the viruses were unable to replicate (复制) inside cells without a gene that produces a specific protein, called methyltransferase SETD3．
Then, they tested genetically modified mice, which were completely unable to produce the protein. The mice were able to live healthy, normal lives without the protein. “Lacking that gene protected the mice completely from viral infection. ” associate professor Jan Carette, from Stanford, told the BBC．“These mice would always die, but they survived and we saw a very strong reduction in viral replication and very strong protection. ”
Carette said the plan is to find a drug which can temporarily suppress (抑制) the protein, instead of producing genetically modified humans. “We have identified a fantastic target that all enteroviruses and rhinoviruses require and depend on. Take that away and the virus really has no chance，” said Carette. “This is a really good first step—the second step is to have a chemical that mimics (模拟) this genetic deletion，” he added.
( )8． What does Peter Barlow think is the main problem for prevention of the common cold?
A．The slow mutation of some genes.
B．The fast speed at which rhinoviruses spread.
C．The harm rhinoviruses do to the immune system.
D．The wide variety of cold viruses created by rhinoviruses.
( )9． What can we learn about the protein needed by the viruses?
A．It helps the viruses replicate inside our bodies.
B．It allows the viruses to mutate easily.
C．It helps the viruses become resistant to drugs.
D．It accelerates the speed at which the viruses spread.
( )10． What did the researchers discover in their gene-editing study?
A．Genetically modified mice died because they lacked the protein.
B．The modified cells seemed to protect the mice against viral infections.
C．More methyltransferase SETD3 was produced after the cells were modified.
D．The gene-editing technique was more effective against enteroviruses than rhinoviruses.
( )11． What do the researchers most probably do next, according to Carette?
A．Conduct experiments on genetically modified humans.
B．Identify a drug that can help reduce the protein.
C．Apply this gene-editing technique to control other viruses.
D．Find a chemical that can cure all enteroviruses and rhinoviruses.
【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要讲了为什么普通感冒没有很好的治愈方法是因为鼻病毒产生的许多不同类型的感冒病毒，而病毒的传播需要特定的蛋白质，为了确定产生病毒所需特定蛋白质的基因，研究人员使用基因编辑技术，对人类基因组中的数千个细胞逐一进行基因测试。由此提出了一种新型的预防普通感冒的方法。
8．D 细节理解题。根据第二段中 “According to Peter Barlow, a scientist at Edinburgh Napier University in the UK, the main challenge lies in many different types of cold viruses that are produced by the rhinoviruses(鼻病毒)．There are at least 160 types. They mutate(突变) so easily that they quickly become resistant to drugs, or learn to hide from our immune systems. In other words, a single cure isn’t likely to work on every type of cold. ”可知，据英国爱丁堡纳皮尔大学的科学家Peter Barlow称，主要的挑战在于由鼻病毒产生的许多不同类型的感冒病毒。它们至少有160种。它们很容易变异，很快就会对药物产生抗药性，或者学会躲避我们的免疫系统。换句话说，单一的治疗方法不可能对所有类型的感冒都有效。由此可知，Peter Barlow认为预防普通感冒的主要问题是搞清由鼻病毒产生的各种各样的感冒病毒。故选D项。
9．A 细节理解题。根据第三段中 “They discovered a protein that the viruses need. Without it, they can’t spread inside your body. ”可知，他们发现了病毒需要的一种蛋白质。没有它，它们就不能在你体内扩散。由此可知，病毒所需的蛋白质帮助病毒在我们体内复制。故选A项。
10．B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“ ’Lacking that gene protected the mice completely from viral infection. ’ associate professor Jan Carette, from Stanford, told the BBC. ”可知，“缺乏这种基因保护老鼠完全免受病毒感染。”斯坦福大学副教授Jan Carette告诉BBC。由此可知，研究人员在基因编辑研究中发现修改后的细胞似乎可以保护老鼠免受病毒感染。故选B项。
11．B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “Carette said the plan is to find a drug which can temporarily suppress(抑制) the protein, instead of producing genetically modified humans. ”可知Carette说，他们的计划是找到一种可以暂时抑制这种蛋白质的药物，而不是制造转基因人类。由此可推知，根据Carette的研究，研究人员接下来最有可能确定一种可以帮助减少蛋白质的药物。故选B项。
D
A new device works like a solar panel, except that it doesn’t harvest energy from the sun. It absorbs energy from the cold night sky.
A prototype(原型) of the device produced enough electricity at night to power a small light bulb. A bigger version might one day light rooms or charge phones. It also could power electronics in remote or low-resource areas that lack electricity.
The device makes use of the temperature difference between Earth and outer space. It then uses that difference to create electricity. As long as one side of it is cooler than the other，the generator can produce electricity. The cooler side faces the sky and is attached to an aluminum plate. That plate is sealed beneath a transparent cover and surrounded with insulation(隔热材料) to keep out heat. The bottom of the generator is attached to an exposed aluminum plate. That plate is warmed by the local air. At night，the top plate can get a couple of degrees Celsius cooler than the bottom of the generator.
Researchers tested a 20-centimetre prototype one clear December night in Stanford，California. The generator produced up to about 25 milliwatts of power per square metre of device. That was enough power to light a small light-emitting diode，or LED bulb. Further improvements might increase its production to at least 500 milliwatts per square metre. To do that，the system might need more insulation around the cool top plate.
The device also could help power remote weather stations or other environmental devices，says Aaswath Raman. He is a materials scientist who worked on the device at the University of California，Los Angeles. “This may be useful in polar regions that don’t see sunlight for months at a time，” Raman says. “If you have some low-power load and you need to power it through three months of darkness，this might be a way. ”
( )12． What can we know about the new device?
A．It gains energy from the sun. B．It’s been widely used in life.
C．It is cooler than a solar panel. D．It’ll be popular in special areas.
( )13． What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 3?
A．Application fields of the device. B．The developing process of the device.
C．The working principle of the device. D．Significant effects of the device.
( )14． How can the device produce more electricity?
A．By putting more insulation around the top plate.
B．By using it in extremely cold and clear nights.
C．By attaching the bottom plate to a warm plate.
D．By covering the top plate with a transparent lid.
( )15． What could be a suitable title for the text?
A．A Device Using the Cold Night Sky to Produce Electricity
B．A Device Bringing New Hope for Those in the Cold Night
C．The Difference between a Solar Panel and a New Device
D．The Temperature Difference Between Earth and Outer Space
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项最新的科研发明——反太阳能电池板。它可以从寒冷的夜空中收集能量，然后通过利用地表和远处空间的温差来产生电能。目前的研究成果是它可以成功为一只小灯泡提供电能。
12．D 推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句“It also could power electronics in remote or low-resource areas that lack electricity. ”和最后一段的最后一句“If you have some low-power load and you need to power it through three months of darkness，this might be a way. ”可知，这种装置在一些偏远地区或缺电的地区帮助发电；另外，在极地地区数月不见阳光，这种装置可以帮助发电照明。由此可推知，这个新设备在会在一些特殊地区受欢迎。故选D项。
13．C 主旨大意题。根据第三段可知，该装置利用地球和外层空间的温差来发电。只要它的一边比另一边冷，发电机就能发电。较冷的一面面朝天空，与一块铝板相连。那块板被密封在一个透明的盖子下面，周围有保温材料来阻挡热量。发电机的底部连接在一块暴露的铝板上。那个盘子被当地的空气加热了。晚上，顶板的温度比发电机底部的温度低几摄氏度。由此可推知第三段主要讲了这个设备发电的主要工作原理。故选C项。
14．A 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“To do that，the system might need more insulation around the cool top plate. ”可知，此处To do that是指前一句“让这装置产生更多的电量”。因此，该装置系统需要在上面的金属板四周安装更多的隔热材料才可以产生更多的电能。故选A项。
15．A 主旨大意题。文章第一段“A new device works like a solar panel，except that it doesn’t harvest energy from the sun. It absorbs energy from the cold night sky. ”点明了文章主题，结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一项最新的科研发明，这种科技可以从寒冷的夜空中收集能量，然后通过利用地表和远处空间的温差来产生电能。所以短文的最佳标题为“利用寒冷的夜空发电的装置”。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2．5分， 满分12．5分)
Our world is more connected than ever before thanks to technology. __16__ Indeed, it is becoming increasingly important that we all learn how to deal with this painful feeling.
You should be determined to actively end your loneliness. We often end up passively waiting for someone else to make us feel less lonely. You may feel that your loneliness indicates that nobody is willing to connect with you. And there is nothing you can do about it. But that is far from the truth. __17__
You should find reasons why you are lonely. We all feel lonely for different reasons. Some of us have no one to interact with on a consistent basis and that’s why we feel lonely. You may feel that the people in your life don’t share your thoughts and ideas. __18__ you need to identify it. And you know exactly how to handle your loneliness.
__19__ People who are lonely tend to fall into destructive mental habits. They try to avoid the pain of not being understood and being disconnected by not giving people an opportunity to understand and connect with them. So the solution is to share your thoughts and feelings with others and to do so openly and fearlessly.
You should find people who share your interests. __20__ everybody is interested in something. And just as there are many interests, there are many people who share those interests. Find what interests you and connect with others on that basis.
A．Whatever the reason is，
B．When you feel really lonely，
C．If you want to make friends with them，
D．Whether it’s coin collecting or video games，
E．You should be open about your thoughts, ideas and desires.
F．Ending loneliness is something that you can and should pursue actively.
G．However, more and more of us find ourselves having to stand loneliness.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了在现在社会中如何处理孤独感的方法。
16．G 根据下一句 “Indeed, it is becoming increasingly important that we all learn how to deal with this painful feeling. ” 可知，这里“痛苦的感觉”指代是选项G中的loneliness“孤独感”。故选G项。
17．F 根据本段第一句 “You should be determined to actively end your loneliness. ”可知，此处应选与主动结束孤独有关的选项。故选F项。
18．A 根据本段第一句 “You should find reasons why you are lonely. ”可知，此处应该选与找原因有关的选项。故选A项。
19．E 根据本段最后一句 “So the solution is to share your thoughts and feelings with others and to do so openly and fearlessly. ”可知，此处作为本段主旨句应该选与保持对自己的想法、主意和愿望开放的心态。故选E项。
20．D 根据本段第一句 “You should find people who share your interests. ”可知，D选项中coin collecting or video games也是兴趣。故选D项。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
As our Earth’s temperature warms up because of climate change, it is having unexpected effects on our world’s forests. When temperatures rise, trees close their skins to __21__ the loss of water, and this, in turn, slows down the __22__ of photosynthesis(光合作用). As a result, these trees are shorter and grow slowly, as well as have a __23__ death rate.
Climate change also increases the __24__ of droughts and wildfires. After wildfires, it takes a while for the forest systems to __25__， and in some cases, the forests are __26__ permanently. Trees that are stressed are also __27__ to attacks by bacteria(细菌). In tropical forests, vines that use the trees as __28__ can often choke the trees and rob them of nutrients. Finally, humans have __29__ the forest landscape through logging. When trees are replanted on the soil, they will never grow as large as the __30__ trees that were cut down.
As these forests disappear, species that once called them “home” are forced to change, __31__ the variety of those systems. __32__， some endangered species are unable to __33__ and die. Old-growth forests are disappearing in all regions of our world. When forests die, younger forests that are reestablished in the same area grow back weaker and smaller __34__ poor vegetation. With trees dying increasingly and continuously, will future generations __35__ out on the wonders of forests?
( )21．A．protect B．prevent
C．save D．free
( )22．A．movement B．situation
C．process D．operation
( )23．A．higher B．firmer
C．lighter D．smaller
( )24．A．choice B．measure
C．qualification D．chance
( )25．A．grow B．rescue
C．recover D．decline
( )26．A．ignored B．lost
C．hurt D．left
( )27．A．accessible B．enjoyable
C．acceptable D．favorable
( )28．A．attention B．command
C．trust D．support
( )29．A．frightened B．paid
C．ruined D．wasted
( )30．A．common B．original
C．distant D．strong
( )31．A．affecting B．improving
C．forgetting D．reflecting
( )32．A．Besides B．Surprisingly
C．Otherwise D．Unfortunately
( )33．A．devote B．keep
C．adapt D．lead
( )34．A．due to B．in addition to
C．instead of D．in spite of
( )35．A．pass B．miss
C．break D．bring
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了由于气候变化，地球温度上升，导致对森林产生了意想不到的影响。先是温度上升导致树木矮小，生长缓慢，死亡率高；其次，气候变化也增加了干旱和野火的可能性，野火导致了森林的消失，因此以森林为“家”的物种被迫发生改变，甚至死亡。
21．B 句意：当温度上升时，树木会将树皮闭合，以防止水分流失，而这反过来又会减慢光合作用的进程。protect保护；prevent阻止；save拯救；free释放。根据后文 “the loss of water”可知，树木将树皮闭合是为了阻止水分的流失。故选B项。
22．C 句意同上题。movement活动；situation情况；process进程；operation操作。结合上下文语境，树木闭合了树皮来防止水分流失，这反过来又减缓了光合作用的进程(process)。故选C项。
23．A 句意：因此，这些树较矮，生长缓慢，死亡率也较高。higher更高的；firmer更坚固的；lighter更明亮的；smaller更小的。根据上文 “these trees are shorter and grow slowly”可知，树木矮小，生长缓慢，所以死亡率也会更高了。故选A项。
24．D 句意：气候变化也增加了干旱和野火的可能性。choice选择；measure测量；qualification资格；chance可能性，机会。根据后文 “After wildfires”可知，全球气温升高增加了干旱和野火发生的可能性。故选D项。
25．C 句意：野火过后，森林系统需要一段时间才能恢复，在某些情况下，森林会永久无法恢复。grow生长；rescue营救；recover恢复；decline下降。结合上文 “After wildfires, it takes a while for the forest systems to…”可知，野火焚烧了森林之后，森林系统需要时间才能恢复。故选C项。
26．B 句意同上题。ignored被忽视的；lost无法恢复的；hurt受伤的；left左边的。结合上文可知野火焚烧了森林，森林需要时间来恢复，但是某些情况下，森林也可能不能恢复了。故选B项。
27．A 句意：压力大的树木也容易受到细菌的攻击。accessible易接近的；enjoyable快乐的；acceptable可接受的；favourable赞成的。根据后文“to attacks by bacteria”可知，树木也容易受到细菌的攻击。短语be accessible to“容易进入的，容易接近的”。故选A项。
28．D 句意：在热带森林中，以树木为支撑的藤本植物经常令树木窒息，并剥夺树木的营养。attention注意力；command命令；trust信任；support支撑，支持。结合上文 “vines that use the trees as”可知，藤本植物是以树木为支撑的，故选D项。
29．C 句意：最后，人类通过伐木，毁坏了森林景观。frightened使害怕；paid支付；ruined毁灭；wasted浪费。结合后文 “the forest landscape through logging”可知，人类伐木毁坏了森林景观。故选C项。
30．B 句意：当树木被重新种植在土壤上时，它们永远不会长得像原来被砍伐的树那么大。common普通的；original原来的；distant遥远的；strong强壮的。结合后文 “trees that were cut down”可知，此处指的是，人们新种植的树木，不会长得像原来被砍伐的树那么大了。故选B项。
31．A 句意：随着这些森林的消失，曾经把它们称为“家”的物种被迫改变，影响了这些系统的多样性。affecting影响；improving改善；forgetting忘记；reflecting反射。承接上文 “As these forests disappear, species that once called them ’home’ are forced to change”可知，森林的消失，改变了这些物种，也影响了这些物种的多样性。故选A项。
32．D 句意：不幸的是，一些濒危物种无法适应而死亡。Besides而且； Surprisingly惊人地； Otherwise否则； Unfortunately不幸地。根据后文 “some endangered species are unable to”可知，某些物种很不幸的是，无法适应这些改变，只能死亡。故选D项。
33．C 句意同上题。devote贡献；keep保持；adapt适应；lead带领。根据上文 “species that once called them ’home’ are forced to change”可知，物种被迫发生改变了，而某些物种无法适应，只能死去。故选C项。
34．A 句意：当森林死亡时，在同一地区重新建立的年轻森林由于植被不良，而变得更弱更小。due to因为；in addition to另外；instead of而不是；in spite of尽管。根据后文 “poor vegetation”可知，此处指年轻森林由于(due to)植被不良，而变得更弱更小。故选A项。
35．B 句意：随着树木不断地死亡，子孙后代会错过森林的奇迹吗？pass通过；miss错过；break打破；bring带来。结合后文 “out on the wonders of forests”可知，此处指错过森林的奇迹。短语miss out“错过”。故选B项。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1．5分， 满分15分)
Each time I take the underground I find myself 36．________ (surround) by dozens of passengers playing smart-phones. They almost won’t even give a glance at the outside world. You may think it is normal to play smart-phones 37．________ (kill) time. What’s worse, when I talk with some of my friends, they talk as playing, which is really an 38．________ (annoy)．
I really miss the old days when I 39．________(chat) with some passengers on the train. Now things are different. Everyone just concentrates 40．________ their smart-phones. When talking with them, 41．________ seems that you are disturbing their playing smart-phones. I could not just blame them for I am moving to be one like them. Sometimes I just feel we 42．________ (large) ignore our neighbours and want to keep in touch with 43．________ (distance) strangers through the Internet. We care about the things far away but pay no attention to the needs nearby. 44．________ ridiculous the situation is! In a way we 45．________ (control) by smart-phones now. Are you experiencing the same situation like me? Do you have any ways to avoid that?
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是目前社会上存在的一种现象，到处可以看到每个人都只专注于他们的智能手机，在某种程度上人们被智能手机控制着。
36．surrounded 考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句意：每次我乘坐地铁，我发现自己被几十名玩智能手机的乘客包围。固定结构：find＋宾语＋宾语补足语。此处myself 和surround之间是被动关系，是过去分词作宾语补足语。故填surrounded。
37．to kill 考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：你可能认为玩智能手机来消磨时间很正常。此处应是玩手机的目的。故填to kill。
38．annoyance 考查名词。句意：更糟糕的是，当我和我的一些朋友聊天时，他们边玩边聊天，这真的很烦人。根据an可知此空用名词形式。故填annoyance。
39．chatted 考查时态。句意：我很怀念以前在火车上和一些乘客聊天的日子。结合句意可知此处指过去的事情，所以句子用一般过去时。故填chatted。
40．on 考查固定词组。句意：每个人都只专注于他们的智能手机。固定词组：concentrate on“集中精力于”。故填on。
41．it 考查固定句式。句意：与他们交谈时，你似乎打扰了他们玩智能手机。固定句式：it seems that…“似乎，好像”。故填it。
42．largely 考查副词。句意：有时我只是觉得我们很大程度上忽视了邻居，想通过互联网与远方的陌生人保持联系。此处ignore“忽视”是动词，由副词来修饰。故填largely。
43．distant 考查形容词。句意：有时我只是觉得我们很大程度上忽视了邻居，想通过互联网与远方的陌生人保持联系。此处strangers是名词，由形容词来修饰。故填distant。
44．How 考查感叹句。句意：这种情况多么可笑啊！这是一个感叹句，此处ridiculous是形容词，用how来修饰。故填How。
45．are controlled 考查被动语态。句意：在某种程度上，我们现在被智能手机控制着。此处指目前的一种事实，且谓语动词和句子主语we之间是一种被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are controlled。
第三部分 写作(共两节， 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华，和父母乘英国某航空公司的航班ZF2730从上海到英国伦敦去看球赛，但是本该16点到达伦敦的飞机无故延时了两个小时，导致你们错过了19点的比赛。请你就此用英语给该航空公司写一封投诉信。
注意：
1． 写作词数应为80左右；
2． 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Sir or Madam，
I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with the delay of flight ZF2730 on August 18th from Shanghai to London.
I hoped to watch a football match in London with my parents. We had already booked the tickets for the football match. I thought our plan was excellent, for the flight was scheduled to arrive at the airport in London at 16：00 and the match would begin at 19：00, which meant we would have enough time to transport ourselves from the airport to the stadium. However, the plane was delayed by two hours, which made us miss the match.
We hope that you will give us a good reason for the delay of the flight, return some money and make an effort to prevent a recurrence of this kind.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Baseball is a tradition in my family. Some of my best memories were the days when my dad took me on the 90-minute drive to San Francisco to see baseball games. When I had my first child, Zach, Paw-as Zach called him-had another youngster interested in all things about baseball. Unfortunately, by the time Zach was old enough to go to games Paw could no longer go. He had Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆症)．
“Why don’t we take Paw with us to a game, Dad? ”
Zach asked one day as we drove home from a visit. I couldn’t bear to dash Zach’s dream. “Maybe someday we’ll all see game together，” I said, Paw was Zach’s biggest fan until he passed away.
After he died, the world seemed pretty gray for all of us, but especially for Zach. Several weeks after Paw died, a good friend offered us some free baseball tickets. I hesitated. Since his death even baseball had lost some of it’s flavour. On the other hand, maybe that’s just what Dad would want us to do, I thought. Finally, I accepted my friend’s offer. We drove to the game in high spirits. “ I can’t wait！” Zach said as we entered the stadium. Pleasant memories of my father swirled around my head. We walked up to the will-call window.
“First and last name with some ID, please, ” the attendant said.
I gave my driver’s license to her.
“I’m sorry, ” she said finally, “there aren’t any tickets for you. ”
“There must be some mistakes. ” I said . She checked again but there were still no tickets for us. We backed away from the window in shock. The tickets were sold out. Zach looked down at the ground upset, when an old man walked over to us.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
“Are you taking your son to the game？” the old gentleman asked kindly. ____________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
“Are you taking your son to the game？” the old gentleman asked kindly. “Yes，” I said, “but there was some sort of mix-up with our tickets. We didn’t have any. ” The old man held up two. “Here，” he said. “Take these, and I want your boy to see the game. ” He put the tickets in my hand and walked off with a smile. “Thanks！” Zach shouted as the man disappeared into the sea of sports fans crowding into the entrance.
Zach took my hand and went into the stadium excitedly. _________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Zach took my hand and went into the stadium excitedly. We found there was an empty seat next to us. “The man who gave us the tickets must be coming，” Zach said. “We can buy him a hot dog! But nobody came until the game began. We can leave this seat to Paw, Dad，” Zach whispered. We finally did get to see the game, the three of us. I pulled Zach close. It was the old man like an angel who made Zach’s dream come true.
UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE
(满分：120分 建议用时：120分钟)
第一部分 阅读(共两节， 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2．5分， 满分37．5分)
A
In any given week, about four dozen kids visit Dr. David Abramson’s preschool-like clinic at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City. And while most of them are barely old enough to speak, because of Dr. Abramson and the groundbreaking medical procedure he has created for a rare and potentially deadly eye cancer called retinoblastoma, they can see.
In the past, if the cancer didn’t respond well to then-available treatments, survival required removing the cancerous eye. The parents, however, will often choose to let their children die with their eyes intact rather than live without them.
“This was a transformational change in our field，” says Dr. Abramson, who began using the technique in 2006． “Overnight, we went from taking out children’s eyes to not taking out children’s eyes. ”
But there’s an aspect of the technique that Dr. Abramson doesn’t talk about much, even though it is as inspirational as the technique itself. He refused to patent it. Pursuing a patent, he feared, would have meant the technique would be kept secret for a long period of time while the paperwork was approved by the U．S. Trademark and Patent Office(USPTO). In the meantime, untold numbers of children would have suffered and perhaps died.
Patent experts wouldn’t make a guess on exactly how much money Dr. Abramson left on the Table by not patenting his procedure. But the purpose of a medical procedure patent is that it allows a doctor to profit by teaching others to perform the procedure.
“I want people to know that when I do something, it’s from my scientific heart, not because I have any financial benefit，” he says. “And ultimately, our goal is to help children. Our driving force in this is not to make money. ”
( )1． What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Eyes. B．Parents.
C．Children. D．Treatments.
( )2． Why didn’t Dr. Abramson get the technique patented?
A．He feared that the technique might be kept secret forever.
B．He didn’t like the idea of teaching others about the technique.
C．The application process meant many sufferings and even deaths.
D．The application process would require too much money and time.
( )3． What is the author’s purpose in writing this article?
A．To introduce an eye cancer.
B．To give credit to Dr. Abramson.
C．To recommend an evolutionary cure.
D．To show the difficulty of a patent application.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。Dr. David Abramson首创的眼科动脉化疗技术能够使儿童减少眼部癌症带来的痛苦甚至死亡，但是他拒绝将该技术申请发明专利来盈利。
1．A 代词指代题。根据画线词所在句 “The parents, however, will often choose to let their children die with their eyes intact rather than live without them. ”可知，然而，父母通常会选择让他们的孩子带着完整的眼睛死去，而不是没有它们活下去。由此可知，划线词them指代的是眼睛。故选A项。
2．C 细节理解题。根据第四段中 “Pursuing a patent, he feared, would have meant the technique would be kept secret for a long period of time while the paperwork was approved by the U．S. Trademark and Patent Office(USPTO)．In the meantime, untold numbers of children would have suffered and perhaps died. ”可知，他担心，申请专利将意味着该技术将在美国商标和专利局批准文书工作期间长期保密。在此期间，无数的儿童将遭受痛苦甚至死亡。由此可知，Dr. David Abramson拒绝申请专利的原因是申请专利过程意味着许多儿童将遭受痛苦甚至死亡。故选C项。
3．B 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章先是介绍了Dr. David Abramson首创的眼科动脉化疗技术，但第四段的But是一个信号词，从第四段开始，作者讲述Dr. David Abramson不申请专利，他选择放弃利润。作者引用他的话：“我希望人们知道，当我做某件事时，是出于科学考虑，而不是因为任何的经济利益。我们的最终目标是帮助儿童，不是为了赚钱。”由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了赞扬Dr. David Abramson。故选B项。
B
Katie always knew she wanted to be a performer. She was fond of Disney movies from an early age and would often sing along with her mom, Karen.
When Katie was nine years old, her happy childhood took a turn when her mother was diagnosed with cancer. When the doctor informed the Whetsell family that Karen’s disease was terminal, they made a decision. Disney World had been a longtime dream vacation for Karen. So in November 1997, the family packed up and headed to Disney World. Katie says she’ll never forget the moment that changed her life on that trip: After a long day at the parks, the Whetsells decided to see one of Disney World’s many nightly light shows. While watching, a Disney cast member performing in the parade came up to her mom and rested her hand on Karen’s shoulder. They exchanged smiles and, to this day, Katie remembered how at peace her mom looked. The whole family was touched and moved to tears. This was the day Katie decided she wanted to work for Disney.
After graduating from college, Katie went on to pursue performing for a living. She struggled for years, working as a waitress and trying to make it as an actor. Her hard work and passion finally paid off when she was hired to work on Disney Cruise Lines in 2009． Katie’s favourite friend in the Disney World is Dory in “Finding Nemo the Musical”. She says that Dory has taught her the value of living in the present moment and to “just keep swimming. ”
Katie has never lost sight of the fact that she and others who work for the company bring joy to the lives of many every day. “Everything we do at the parks makes a difference to many families. It’s a way for us to help them forget. It’s amazing to be able to comfort others. ” When asked what her mother would think of her working at Disney World, she takes a deep breath and allows the tears to flow. “I just feel like she’d be so proud. I can feel her presence often and I feel her having a part in what I do. It’s perfect. ”
( )4． Why did the Whetsell family decide to go to Disney World in November 1997?
A．The Disney World has always been a good place for vacation.
B．Karen was seriously ill and Disney World was what she had dreamed for.
C．The Whetsell family were all fond of Disney characters.
D．Katie always wanted to go to the Disney World to be a performer.
( )5． What happened during the Disney trip that changed Katie’s life?
A．Katie took part in the parade performance and realized her dream.
B．The whole family enjoyed themselves in the nightly light shows.
C．A performer in the Disney parade brought comfort to her mom.
D．Karen was invited to perform with cast members and she felt satisfied.
( )6． What’s the purpose to mention Katie’s favourite friend Dory?
A．To inform us more of Katie’s struggling life.
B．To introduce another Disney character named Dory.
C．To imply Katie’s understanding of life.
D．To tell us the importance to keep going.
( )7． Which of the following can best describe Katie’s personality?
A．Intelligent and industrious. B．Diligent and dependent.
C．Selfless and sympathetic. D．Persistent and positive.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了从小对迪士尼电影着迷的凯蒂·惠特塞尔，在九岁时，因为母亲病重一家人决定去迪士尼度过一段梦想的假期。这让凯蒂有了一个新的梦想，就是为迪士尼工作，在为迪士尼工作的10年期间里，凯蒂的工作就是给来自世界各地的家庭带来快乐。在2003年，母亲去世后，凯蒂继续追求自己的演艺生涯，经过一番努力，最后取得了成功。
4．B 细节理解题。根据第二段中 “When Katie was nine years old, her happy childhood took a turn when her mother was diagnosed with cancer. When the doctor informed the Whetsell family that Karen’s disease was terminal, they made a decision. ”可知，当凯蒂九岁时，她快乐的童年发生了变化，因为她的母亲被诊断出癌症。当医生告诉惠特塞尔一家卡伦的病已经是晚期时，他们做了一个决定。由此可知，惠特塞尔一家决定在1997年11月去迪士尼乐园是因为卡伦病得很重，迪士尼乐园是她梦寐以求的地方。故选B项。
5．C 细节理解题。根据第二段中 “While watching, a Disney cast member performing in the parade came up to her mom and rested her hand on Karen’s shoulder. They exchanged smiles and, to this day, Katie remembered how at peace her mom looked. The whole family was touched and moved to tears. ”可知，在观看的过程中，一名迪士尼演员在游行队伍中表演，她走到妈妈面前，把手放在卡伦的肩膀上。他们交换着微笑，直到今天，凯蒂还记得她妈妈看上去是多么安详。全家人都感动得流下了眼泪。由此可知，迪士尼游行中的一名表演者给她妈妈带来了安慰，改变了凯蒂的生活。故选C项。
6．C 推理判断题。根据第三段中 “She says that Dory has taught her the value of living in the present moment and to ’just keep swimming. ’ ”可知，她说，多莉教会了她活在当下的价值，让她“一直游下去”。由此可推知，提到凯蒂最喜欢的朋友是多莉的目的在于暗示凯蒂对生活的理解。故选C。
7．D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “Katie has never lost sight of the fact that she and others who work for the company bring joy to the lives of many every day. ”可知，凯蒂从未忘记，她和其他在公司工作的人每天都给许多人的生活带来欢乐。结合文章记叙了从小对迪士尼电影着迷的凯蒂·惠特塞尔，在九岁时，因为母亲病重一家人决定去迪士尼度过一段梦想的假期。这让凯蒂有了一个新的梦想，就是为迪士尼工作，在为迪士尼工作的10年期间里，凯蒂的工作就是给来自世界各地的家庭带来快乐。在2003年，母亲去世后，凯蒂继续追求自己的演艺生涯，经过一番努力，最后取得了成功。由此可推知，凯蒂的个性是执着和积极的。故选D项。
C
From talking robots and video phones to rovers on Mars, technology has become so advanced that the previously impossible seems to occur on a daily basis. And yet—we still have no cure for the common cold.
Why can’t we stop the common cold? According to Peter Barlow, a scientist at Edinburgh Napier University in the UK, the main challenge lies in many different types of cold viruses that are produced by the rhinoviruses (鼻病毒). There are at least 160 types. They mutate (突变) so easily that they quickly become resistant to drugs, or learn to hide from our immune systems. In other words, a single cure isn’t likely to work on every type of cold.
However, researchers from Stanford University and the University of California, San Francisco, have found a possible answer. They discovered a protein that the viruses need. Without it, they can’t spread inside your body.
To identify the gene which produces the specific protein needed by the viruses, researchers used a gene-editing technique to test all genes in the human genome one by one for thousands of cells. These modified (改变的) cells were then exposed to a range of enteroviruses(肠道病毒), including the rhinoviruses which cause the common cold. All the viruses were unable to replicate (复制) inside cells without a gene that produces a specific protein, called methyltransferase SETD3．
Then, they tested genetically modified mice, which were completely unable to produce the protein. The mice were able to live healthy, normal lives without the protein. “Lacking that gene protected the mice completely from viral infection. ” associate professor Jan Carette, from Stanford, told the BBC．“These mice would always die, but they survived and we saw a very strong reduction in viral replication and very strong protection. ”
Carette said the plan is to find a drug which can temporarily suppress (抑制) the protein, instead of producing genetically modified humans. “We have identified a fantastic target that all enteroviruses and rhinoviruses require and depend on. Take that away and the virus really has no chance，” said Carette. “This is a really good first step—the second step is to have a chemical that mimics (模拟) this genetic deletion，” he added.
( )8． What does Peter Barlow think is the main problem for prevention of the common cold?
A．The slow mutation of some genes.
B．The fast speed at which rhinoviruses spread.
C．The harm rhinoviruses do to the immune system.
D．The wide variety of cold viruses created by rhinoviruses.
( )9． What can we learn about the protein needed by the viruses?
A．It helps the viruses replicate inside our bodies.
B．It allows the viruses to mutate easily.
C．It helps the viruses become resistant to drugs.
D．It accelerates the speed at which the viruses spread.
( )10． What did the researchers discover in their gene-editing study?
A．Genetically modified mice died because they lacked the protein.
B．The modified cells seemed to protect the mice against viral infections.
C．More methyltransferase SETD3 was produced after the cells were modified.
D．The gene-editing technique was more effective against enteroviruses than rhinoviruses.
( )11． What do the researchers most probably do next, according to Carette?
A．Conduct experiments on genetically modified humans.
B．Identify a drug that can help reduce the protein.
C．Apply this gene-editing technique to control other viruses.
D．Find a chemical that can cure all enteroviruses and rhinoviruses.
【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要讲了为什么普通感冒没有很好的治愈方法是因为鼻病毒产生的许多不同类型的感冒病毒，而病毒的传播需要特定的蛋白质，为了确定产生病毒所需特定蛋白质的基因，研究人员使用基因编辑技术，对人类基因组中的数千个细胞逐一进行基因测试。由此提出了一种新型的预防普通感冒的方法。
8．D 细节理解题。根据第二段中 “According to Peter Barlow, a scientist at Edinburgh Napier University in the UK, the main challenge lies in many different types of cold viruses that are produced by the rhinoviruses(鼻病毒)．There are at least 160 types. They mutate(突变) so easily that they quickly become resistant to drugs, or learn to hide from our immune systems. In other words, a single cure isn’t likely to work on every type of cold. ”可知，据英国爱丁堡纳皮尔大学的科学家Peter Barlow称，主要的挑战在于由鼻病毒产生的许多不同类型的感冒病毒。它们至少有160种。它们很容易变异，很快就会对药物产生抗药性，或者学会躲避我们的免疫系统。换句话说，单一的治疗方法不可能对所有类型的感冒都有效。由此可知，Peter Barlow认为预防普通感冒的主要问题是搞清由鼻病毒产生的各种各样的感冒病毒。故选D项。
9．A 细节理解题。根据第三段中 “They discovered a protein that the viruses need. Without it, they can’t spread inside your body. ”可知，他们发现了病毒需要的一种蛋白质。没有它，它们就不能在你体内扩散。由此可知，病毒所需的蛋白质帮助病毒在我们体内复制。故选A项。
10．B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“ ’Lacking that gene protected the mice completely from viral infection. ’ associate professor Jan Carette, from Stanford, told the BBC. ”可知，“缺乏这种基因保护老鼠完全免受病毒感染。”斯坦福大学副教授Jan Carette告诉BBC。由此可知，研究人员在基因编辑研究中发现修改后的细胞似乎可以保护老鼠免受病毒感染。故选B项。
11．B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “Carette said the plan is to find a drug which can temporarily suppress(抑制) the protein, instead of producing genetically modified humans. ”可知Carette说，他们的计划是找到一种可以暂时抑制这种蛋白质的药物，而不是制造转基因人类。由此可推知，根据Carette的研究，研究人员接下来最有可能确定一种可以帮助减少蛋白质的药物。故选B项。
D
A new device works like a solar panel, except that it doesn’t harvest energy from the sun. It absorbs energy from the cold night sky.
A prototype(原型) of the device produced enough electricity at night to power a small light bulb. A bigger version might one day light rooms or charge phones. It also could power electronics in remote or low-resource areas that lack electricity.
The device makes use of the temperature difference between Earth and outer space. It then uses that difference to create electricity. As long as one side of it is cooler than the other，the generator can produce electricity. The cooler side faces the sky and is attached to an aluminum plate. That plate is sealed beneath a transparent cover and surrounded with insulation(隔热材料) to keep out heat. The bottom of the generator is attached to an exposed aluminum plate. That plate is warmed by the local air. At night，the top plate can get a couple of degrees Celsius cooler than the bottom of the generator.
Researchers tested a 20-centimetre prototype one clear December night in Stanford，California. The generator produced up to about 25 milliwatts of power per square metre of device. That was enough power to light a small light-emitting diode，or LED bulb. Further improvements might increase its production to at least 500 milliwatts per square metre. To do that，the system might need more insulation around the cool top plate.
The device also could help power remote weather stations or other environmental devices，says Aaswath Raman. He is a materials scientist who worked on the device at the University of California，Los Angeles. “This may be useful in polar regions that don’t see sunlight for months at a time，” Raman says. “If you have some low-power load and you need to power it through three months of darkness，this might be a way. ”
( )12． What can we know about the new device?
A．It gains energy from the sun. B．It’s been widely used in life.
C．It is cooler than a solar panel. D．It’ll be popular in special areas.
( )13． What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 3?
A．Application fields of the device. B．The developing process of the device.
C．The working principle of the device. D．Significant effects of the device.
( )14． How can the device produce more electricity?
A．By putting more insulation around the top plate.
B．By using it in extremely cold and clear nights.
C．By attaching the bottom plate to a warm plate.
D．By covering the top plate with a transparent lid.
( )15． What could be a suitable title for the text?
A．A Device Using the Cold Night Sky to Produce Electricity
B．A Device Bringing New Hope for Those in the Cold Night
C．The Difference between a Solar Panel and a New Device
D．The Temperature Difference Between Earth and Outer Space
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项最新的科研发明——反太阳能电池板。它可以从寒冷的夜空中收集能量，然后通过利用地表和远处空间的温差来产生电能。目前的研究成果是它可以成功为一只小灯泡提供电能。
12．D 推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句“It also could power electronics in remote or low-resource areas that lack electricity. ”和最后一段的最后一句“If you have some low-power load and you need to power it through three months of darkness，this might be a way. ”可知，这种装置在一些偏远地区或缺电的地区帮助发电；另外，在极地地区数月不见阳光，这种装置可以帮助发电照明。由此可推知，这个新设备在会在一些特殊地区受欢迎。故选D项。
13．C 主旨大意题。根据第三段可知，该装置利用地球和外层空间的温差来发电。只要它的一边比另一边冷，发电机就能发电。较冷的一面面朝天空，与一块铝板相连。那块板被密封在一个透明的盖子下面，周围有保温材料来阻挡热量。发电机的底部连接在一块暴露的铝板上。那个盘子被当地的空气加热了。晚上，顶板的温度比发电机底部的温度低几摄氏度。由此可推知第三段主要讲了这个设备发电的主要工作原理。故选C项。
14．A 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“To do that，the system might need more insulation around the cool top plate. ”可知，此处To do that是指前一句“让这装置产生更多的电量”。因此，该装置系统需要在上面的金属板四周安装更多的隔热材料才可以产生更多的电能。故选A项。
15．A 主旨大意题。文章第一段“A new device works like a solar panel，except that it doesn’t harvest energy from the sun. It absorbs energy from the cold night sky. ”点明了文章主题，结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一项最新的科研发明，这种科技可以从寒冷的夜空中收集能量，然后通过利用地表和远处空间的温差来产生电能。所以短文的最佳标题为“利用寒冷的夜空发电的装置”。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2．5分， 满分12．5分)
Our world is more connected than ever before thanks to technology. __16__ Indeed, it is becoming increasingly important that we all learn how to deal with this painful feeling.
You should be determined to actively end your loneliness. We often end up passively waiting for someone else to make us feel less lonely. You may feel that your loneliness indicates that nobody is willing to connect with you. And there is nothing you can do about it. But that is far from the truth. __17__
You should find reasons why you are lonely. We all feel lonely for different reasons. Some of us have no one to interact with on a consistent basis and that’s why we feel lonely. You may feel that the people in your life don’t share your thoughts and ideas. __18__ you need to identify it. And you know exactly how to handle your loneliness.
__19__ People who are lonely tend to fall into destructive mental habits. They try to avoid the pain of not being understood and being disconnected by not giving people an opportunity to understand and connect with them. So the solution is to share your thoughts and feelings with others and to do so openly and fearlessly.
You should find people who share your interests. __20__ everybody is interested in something. And just as there are many interests, there are many people who share those interests. Find what interests you and connect with others on that basis.
A．Whatever the reason is，
B．When you feel really lonely，
C．If you want to make friends with them，
D．Whether it’s coin collecting or video games，
E．You should be open about your thoughts, ideas and desires.
F．Ending loneliness is something that you can and should pursue actively.
G．However, more and more of us find ourselves having to stand loneliness.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了在现在社会中如何处理孤独感的方法。
16．G 根据下一句 “Indeed, it is becoming increasingly important that we all learn how to deal with this painful feeling. ” 可知，这里“痛苦的感觉”指代是选项G中的loneliness“孤独感”。故选G项。
17．F 根据本段第一句 “You should be determined to actively end your loneliness. ”可知，此处应选与主动结束孤独有关的选项。故选F项。
18．A 根据本段第一句 “You should find reasons why you are lonely. ”可知，此处应该选与找原因有关的选项。故选A项。
19．E 根据本段最后一句 “So the solution is to share your thoughts and feelings with others and to do so openly and fearlessly. ”可知，此处作为本段主旨句应该选与保持对自己的想法、主意和愿望开放的心态。故选E项。
20．D 根据本段第一句 “You should find people who share your interests. ”可知，D选项中coin collecting or video games也是兴趣。故选D项。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
As our Earth’s temperature warms up because of climate change, it is having unexpected effects on our world’s forests. When temperatures rise, trees close their skins to __21__ the loss of water, and this, in turn, slows down the __22__ of photosynthesis(光合作用). As a result, these trees are shorter and grow slowly, as well as have a __23__ death rate.
Climate change also increases the __24__ of droughts and wildfires. After wildfires, it takes a while for the forest systems to __25__， and in some cases, the forests are __26__ permanently. Trees that are stressed are also __27__ to attacks by bacteria(细菌). In tropical forests, vines that use the trees as __28__ can often choke the trees and rob them of nutrients. Finally, humans have __29__ the forest landscape through logging. When trees are replanted on the soil, they will never grow as large as the __30__ trees that were cut down.
As these forests disappear, species that once called them “home” are forced to change, __31__ the variety of those systems. __32__， some endangered species are unable to __33__ and die. Old-growth forests are disappearing in all regions of our world. When forests die, younger forests that are reestablished in the same area grow back weaker and smaller __34__ poor vegetation. With trees dying increasingly and continuously, will future generations __35__ out on the wonders of forests?
( )21．A．protect B．prevent
C．save D．free
( )22．A．movement B．situation
C．process D．operation
( )23．A．higher B．firmer
C．lighter D．smaller
( )24．A．choice B．measure
C．qualification D．chance
( )25．A．grow B．rescue
C．recover D．decline
( )26．A．ignored B．lost
C．hurt D．left
( )27．A．accessible B．enjoyable
C．acceptable D．favorable
( )28．A．attention B．command
C．trust D．support
( )29．A．frightened B．paid
C．ruined D．wasted
( )30．A．common B．original
C．distant D．strong
( )31．A．affecting B．improving
C．forgetting D．reflecting
( )32．A．Besides B．Surprisingly
C．Otherwise D．Unfortunately
( )33．A．devote B．keep
C．adapt D．lead
( )34．A．due to B．in addition to
C．instead of D．in spite of
( )35．A．pass B．miss
C．break D．bring
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了由于气候变化，地球温度上升，导致对森林产生了意想不到的影响。先是温度上升导致树木矮小，生长缓慢，死亡率高；其次，气候变化也增加了干旱和野火的可能性，野火导致了森林的消失，因此以森林为“家”的物种被迫发生改变，甚至死亡。
21．B 句意：当温度上升时，树木会将树皮闭合，以防止水分流失，而这反过来又会减慢光合作用的进程。protect保护；prevent阻止；save拯救；free释放。根据后文 “the loss of water”可知，树木将树皮闭合是为了阻止水分的流失。故选B项。
22．C 句意同上题。movement活动；situation情况；process进程；operation操作。结合上下文语境，树木闭合了树皮来防止水分流失，这反过来又减缓了光合作用的进程(process)。故选C项。
23．A 句意：因此，这些树较矮，生长缓慢，死亡率也较高。higher更高的；firmer更坚固的；lighter更明亮的；smaller更小的。根据上文 “these trees are shorter and grow slowly”可知，树木矮小，生长缓慢，所以死亡率也会更高了。故选A项。
24．D 句意：气候变化也增加了干旱和野火的可能性。choice选择；measure测量；qualification资格；chance可能性，机会。根据后文 “After wildfires”可知，全球气温升高增加了干旱和野火发生的可能性。故选D项。
25．C 句意：野火过后，森林系统需要一段时间才能恢复，在某些情况下，森林会永久无法恢复。grow生长；rescue营救；recover恢复；decline下降。结合上文 “After wildfires, it takes a while for the forest systems to…”可知，野火焚烧了森林之后，森林系统需要时间才能恢复。故选C项。
26．B 句意同上题。ignored被忽视的；lost无法恢复的；hurt受伤的；left左边的。结合上文可知野火焚烧了森林，森林需要时间来恢复，但是某些情况下，森林也可能不能恢复了。故选B项。
27．A 句意：压力大的树木也容易受到细菌的攻击。accessible易接近的；enjoyable快乐的；acceptable可接受的；favourable赞成的。根据后文“to attacks by bacteria”可知，树木也容易受到细菌的攻击。短语be accessible to“容易进入的，容易接近的”。故选A项。
28．D 句意：在热带森林中，以树木为支撑的藤本植物经常令树木窒息，并剥夺树木的营养。attention注意力；command命令；trust信任；support支撑，支持。结合上文 “vines that use the trees as”可知，藤本植物是以树木为支撑的，故选D项。
29．C 句意：最后，人类通过伐木，毁坏了森林景观。frightened使害怕；paid支付；ruined毁灭；wasted浪费。结合后文 “the forest landscape through logging”可知，人类伐木毁坏了森林景观。故选C项。
30．B 句意：当树木被重新种植在土壤上时，它们永远不会长得像原来被砍伐的树那么大。common普通的；original原来的；distant遥远的；strong强壮的。结合后文 “trees that were cut down”可知，此处指的是，人们新种植的树木，不会长得像原来被砍伐的树那么大了。故选B项。
31．A 句意：随着这些森林的消失，曾经把它们称为“家”的物种被迫改变，影响了这些系统的多样性。affecting影响；improving改善；forgetting忘记；reflecting反射。承接上文 “As these forests disappear, species that once called them ’home’ are forced to change”可知，森林的消失，改变了这些物种，也影响了这些物种的多样性。故选A项。
32．D 句意：不幸的是，一些濒危物种无法适应而死亡。Besides而且； Surprisingly惊人地； Otherwise否则； Unfortunately不幸地。根据后文 “some endangered species are unable to”可知，某些物种很不幸的是，无法适应这些改变，只能死亡。故选D项。
33．C 句意同上题。devote贡献；keep保持；adapt适应；lead带领。根据上文 “species that once called them ’home’ are forced to change”可知，物种被迫发生改变了，而某些物种无法适应，只能死去。故选C项。
34．A 句意：当森林死亡时，在同一地区重新建立的年轻森林由于植被不良，而变得更弱更小。due to因为；in addition to另外；instead of而不是；in spite of尽管。根据后文 “poor vegetation”可知，此处指年轻森林由于(due to)植被不良，而变得更弱更小。故选A项。
35．B 句意：随着树木不断地死亡，子孙后代会错过森林的奇迹吗？pass通过；miss错过；break打破；bring带来。结合后文 “out on the wonders of forests”可知，此处指错过森林的奇迹。短语miss out“错过”。故选B项。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1．5分， 满分15分)
Each time I take the underground I find myself 36．________ (surround) by dozens of passengers playing smart-phones. They almost won’t even give a glance at the outside world. You may think it is normal to play smart-phones 37．________ (kill) time. What’s worse, when I talk with some of my friends, they talk as playing, which is really an 38．________ (annoy)．
I really miss the old days when I 39．________(chat) with some passengers on the train. Now things are different. Everyone just concentrates 40．________ their smart-phones. When talking with them, 41．________ seems that you are disturbing their playing smart-phones. I could not just blame them for I am moving to be one like them. Sometimes I just feel we 42．________ (large) ignore our neighbours and want to keep in touch with 43．________ (distance) strangers through the Internet. We care about the things far away but pay no attention to the needs nearby. 44．________ ridiculous the situation is! In a way we 45．________ (control) by smart-phones now. Are you experiencing the same situation like me? Do you have any ways to avoid that?
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是目前社会上存在的一种现象，到处可以看到每个人都只专注于他们的智能手机，在某种程度上人们被智能手机控制着。
36．surrounded 考查过去分词作宾语补足语。句意：每次我乘坐地铁，我发现自己被几十名玩智能手机的乘客包围。固定结构：find＋宾语＋宾语补足语。此处myself 和surround之间是被动关系，是过去分词作宾语补足语。故填surrounded。
37．to kill 考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：你可能认为玩智能手机来消磨时间很正常。此处应是玩手机的目的。故填to kill。
38．annoyance 考查名词。句意：更糟糕的是，当我和我的一些朋友聊天时，他们边玩边聊天，这真的很烦人。根据an可知此空用名词形式。故填annoyance。
39．chatted 考查时态。句意：我很怀念以前在火车上和一些乘客聊天的日子。结合句意可知此处指过去的事情，所以句子用一般过去时。故填chatted。
40．on 考查固定词组。句意：每个人都只专注于他们的智能手机。固定词组：concentrate on“集中精力于”。故填on。
41．it 考查固定句式。句意：与他们交谈时，你似乎打扰了他们玩智能手机。固定句式：it seems that…“似乎，好像”。故填it。
42．largely 考查副词。句意：有时我只是觉得我们很大程度上忽视了邻居，想通过互联网与远方的陌生人保持联系。此处ignore“忽视”是动词，由副词来修饰。故填largely。
43．distant 考查形容词。句意：有时我只是觉得我们很大程度上忽视了邻居，想通过互联网与远方的陌生人保持联系。此处strangers是名词，由形容词来修饰。故填distant。
44．How 考查感叹句。句意：这种情况多么可笑啊！这是一个感叹句，此处ridiculous是形容词，用how来修饰。故填How。
45．are controlled 考查被动语态。句意：在某种程度上，我们现在被智能手机控制着。此处指目前的一种事实，且谓语动词和句子主语we之间是一种被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are controlled。
第三部分 写作(共两节， 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华，和父母乘英国某航空公司的航班ZF2730从上海到英国伦敦去看球赛，但是本该16点到达伦敦的飞机无故延时了两个小时，导致你们错过了19点的比赛。请你就此用英语给该航空公司写一封投诉信。
注意：
1． 写作词数应为80左右；
2． 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Sir or Madam，
I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with the delay of flight ZF2730 on August 18th from Shanghai to London.
I hoped to watch a football match in London with my parents. We had already booked the tickets for the football match. I thought our plan was excellent, for the flight was scheduled to arrive at the airport in London at 16：00 and the match would begin at 19：00, which meant we would have enough time to transport ourselves from the airport to the stadium. However, the plane was delayed by two hours, which made us miss the match.
We hope that you will give us a good reason for the delay of the flight, return some money and make an effort to prevent a recurrence of this kind.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Baseball is a tradition in my family. Some of my best memories were the days when my dad took me on the 90-minute drive to San Francisco to see baseball games. When I had my first child, Zach, Paw-as Zach called him-had another youngster interested in all things about baseball. Unfortunately, by the time Zach was old enough to go to games Paw could no longer go. He had Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆症)．
“Why don’t we take Paw with us to a game, Dad? ”
Zach asked one day as we drove home from a visit. I couldn’t bear to dash Zach’s dream. “Maybe someday we’ll all see game together，” I said, Paw was Zach’s biggest fan until he passed away.
After he died, the world seemed pretty gray for all of us, but especially for Zach. Several weeks after Paw died, a good friend offered us some free baseball tickets. I hesitated. Since his death even baseball had lost some of it’s flavour. On the other hand, maybe that’s just what Dad would want us to do, I thought. Finally, I accepted my friend’s offer. We drove to the game in high spirits. “ I can’t wait！” Zach said as we entered the stadium. Pleasant memories of my father swirled around my head. We walked up to the will-call window.
“First and last name with some ID, please, ” the attendant said.
I gave my driver’s license to her.
“I’m sorry, ” she said finally, “there aren’t any tickets for you. ”
“There must be some mistakes. ” I said . She checked again but there were still no tickets for us. We backed away from the window in shock. The tickets were sold out. Zach looked down at the ground upset, when an old man walked over to us.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
“Are you taking your son to the game？” the old gentleman asked kindly. ____________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
“Are you taking your son to the game？” the old gentleman asked kindly. “Yes，” I said, “but there was some sort of mix-up with our tickets. We didn’t have any. ” The old man held up two. “Here，” he said. “Take these, and I want your boy to see the game. ” He put the tickets in my hand and walked off with a smile. “Thanks！” Zach shouted as the man disappeared into the sea of sports fans crowding into the entrance.
Zach took my hand and went into the stadium excitedly. _________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Zach took my hand and went into the stadium excitedly. We found there was an empty seat next to us. “The man who gave us the tickets must be coming，” Zach said. “We can buy him a hot dog! But nobody came until the game began. We can leave this seat to Paw, Dad，” Zach whispered. We finally did get to see the game, the three of us. I pulled Zach close. It was the old man like an angel who made Zach’s dream come true.
相关资料
更多
