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北师大2019选修四UNIT 11Section A TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1课件
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这是一份北师大2019选修四UNIT 11Section A TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1课件，共60页。
UNIT 11Section A TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1英 语2022内容索引课前篇 自主预习课堂篇 互动探究晨读晚诵素养导航 晨读晚诵Good relationships are definitely① good sources of happiness in life.We all want happy relationships,but if we do not keep that relationship alive,it can also be one of the most distraught② things in life.There may be no hard and fast rules in making good relationships,as each of us has different preferences and points of view as to what is a good relationship. The following are some major key players in making relationships work. It is often said that building good relationships is all about communication.Good communication indeed governs③ a good relationship—knowing the right thing to say,when to say it,how to say it,and accepting that some things are better left unsaid.I personally think communication must be broadened because relationships involve more decisions to make.From study to work,from money to entertainment,and even in things about yourself or about your friend that you do not know,communication is essential④ in these aspects of the relationships.Of course,being with someone is not saying that you totally agree with him all the time.You and your friend come from different family backgrounds,raised in different environments,so there may be disagreements here and there.However,it is important in making relationships work to express disagreements without pushing the relationship to an end.Again,good communication and learning to compromise⑤ at times are essential.As the relationship lasts longer,you may also discover things about you and your friend that you may not have known before.Therefore,supporting each other on both your “hidden selves” can also make a good relationship.Love is an important aspect of building relationships,and for me,I always believe that love needs open communication,respect,support and understanding each other in making relationships work.词海拾贝①definitely adv. 确切地;明确地②distraught adj. 心烦意乱的;忧心如焚的③govern vt. 统治;控制;管理④essential adj.必不可少的;极其重要的⑤compromise v. 妥协,折中;让步典句欣赏There may be no hard and fast rules in making good relationships,as each of us has different preferences and points of view as to what is a good relationship.译文:建立良好的关系可能没有硬性规定,因为我们每个人对什么是良好的关系都有不同的偏好和观点。分析:这是一个复合句。主句为there be句型;as引导原因状语从句,该从句中包含了what连接的宾语从句。探究思辨What’s the author’s purpose in writing this passage?答案 In order to tell readers some major key players in making relationships work. 课前篇 自主预习Ⅰ.知识体系图解重点词汇 写作词汇1. vi.& vt.询问,打听 2. vi.& vt.打包n.包,包裹3. vt.把……塞住,堵塞;填塞4. n.投票(指行为);票数5. n.警告,警示;告诫6. vt.& vi.停止,终止,结束inquire pack plugvote warning cease 7. n.房产;所有物;财产8. n.离开,起程9. adj.愤愤不平的;带来痛苦的,令人难过的;苦的10. adv.(非正式)尽管如此;至少11. adj.偏僻的,偏远的12. vt.逮捕,拘捕;抑制;阻止13. adj.礼貌而友善的,和蔼可亲的14. vt.& vi.(使)担心,(使)生气,(使)苦恼15. vi.& vt.回想,回忆起propertydeparture bitter anyhow remote arrest pleasant bother recall 阅读词汇16.compromise n. 17.tank n. 18.drummer n. 19.chorus n. 20.edge n. 21.keen adj. 22.balcony n. 折中,妥协 (储存液体或气体的)箱,罐 鼓手 齐声;副歌;合唱团 边缘,外围着迷的,有强烈兴趣的 阳台 拓展词汇23. vi.& vt.谈判,协商→ n.谈判,协商 24. vt.解决(问题、困难)→ n.决心;决定;解决 25. n.不便,麻烦→ adj.不方便的,打扰的 26. vt.使恼怒,使生气→ adj.讨厌的,令人气恼的→ adj.气恼的 27. n.投诉→ vi.& vt.投诉;抱怨 negotiatenegotiation resolveresolution inconvenienceinconvenient annoyannoyingannoyedcomplaintcomplain 28. adj.有偏见的,有成见的,歧视的→ n.偏见 29. n.暴力行为,暴力→ adj.粗暴的;剧烈的 30. vt.忍受;忍耐;容忍,容许;宽容→ adj.容忍的,忍受的 31. adj.无提防之心的,无疑心的→ vt.怀疑;猜想 prejudicedprejudice violenceviolent toleratetolerantunsuspectingsuspect重点短语1. 对……有坏影响 2. 在麻烦中;在不幸中3. 异口同声的4. 采取行动5. 恢复正常6. 对……有偏见7. 在……的边缘have a bad influence on in troublea chorus of take action go back to normalbe prejudiced against on the edge of 8.end up 9.get rid of 10.think of...as... 11.in a flash 12.a large crowd of 13.blow out 14.be exposed to 最终;结果 摆脱;甩掉;赶走 认为……是……转瞬;一瞬间 一大群的 吹灭;熄灭 暴露于;面临重点语法情态动词 Ⅱ.阅读导学A.根据P30—P31课文内容,选择正确答案。1.What can be learned from the flat-owner’s words?A.He likes listening to Ma Ming’s playing the drums.B.He disagrees with most of the neighbours.C.He regrets renting the flat to Ma Ming.D.He did know Ma Ming was a drummer.答案 C 2.What’s one of the advantages of Ma Ming living in a hotel?A.Saving money.B.Saving trouble.C.No prejudice.D.No noise.答案 B 3.Why did James McKay hit Keith Smith?A.He couldn’t control his anger.B.He disliked gardening.C.He wanted to spend an exciting birthday.D.He quarrelled with his wife.答案 A 4.In which section of a newspaper may these texts appear?A.Education.B.Science and technology.C.Entertainment.D.Interpersonal relationships.答案 D B.阅读P30—P31课文,理清文章结构。 parties driven madgot a full night’s sleep warning thought of asa fish collectorflat above thememptiedchange his waysHappy Birthday课堂篇 互动探究重点词汇1I know how annoying it is(教材P28)我知道这有多烦人◆ annoying adj.讨厌的,令人气恼的You must have found my attitude annoying.你肯定觉得我的态度讨人厌。Her most annoying habit was talking while eating.她最让人讨厌的习惯就是吃东西的时候讲话。【词汇拓展】annoy vt. 使恼怒,使生气annoyed adj. 气恼的;恼怒的be annoyed about sth 对于某事感到恼火be annoyed at (doing) sth 因(做)某事而恼怒be annoyed by 被……惹恼be annoyed with sb 生某人的气be annoyed with sb 生某人的气You always say what you think even if it annoys people.即使你的想法会激怒别人,你也会将它说出来。I bet she was annoyed at having to write it out again.我敢说她对不得不重写一遍感到恼火。I was annoyed with myself for giving in so easily.我气我自己那么轻易就让步了。【迁移应用】单句填空(1)We enjoyed the game but were rather annoyed being beaten. (2)I like her,even though she can be (annoy) at times. (3)I’m so annoyed her that I haven’t been near her for a week. (4)He was beginning to get very (annoy) with me about my carelessness. at annoying with annoyed2Why does Mr Smith recommend studying in a library?(教材P29) 史密斯先生为什么建议去图书馆学习?◆ recommend vt.建议;推荐;介绍She recommended that I should take some time off.她建议我休息一段时间。I have no hesitation in recommending her for the job.我毫不犹豫地推荐她做这项工作。【词汇拓展】recommend sb/sth to sb 向某人推荐某人或某物recommend sb to do sth 劝告某人做某事recommend doing sth 建议做某事recommend that...(should) do sth 建议……做某事recommendation n. 推荐;介绍on the recommendation of 在……的介绍/建议下I recommend this book to anyone with an interest in art.我把这本书推荐给对艺术感兴趣的人。We recommend that you get insurance against sickness and unemployment.我们建议你办理疾病和失业保险。recommendation to (should) be improved【迁移应用】单句填空(1)I had the operation on the (recommend) of my doctor. (2)I can recommend this play all lovers of good theatre. (3)The committee recommended that the training program (improve). 3Ma Ming,drummer for the rock band “Storm”,had to pack his bags.(教材P30) 摇滚乐队“暴风雨”的鼓手马明不得不收拾行李。◆ pack vi.& vt.打包 n.包,包裹I’m leaving in an hour but I haven’t packed yet!我一小时之后就要走了,可我还没有收拾好(行李)呢!The climber carried some food in a pack on his back.那名登山者在背上背了一些食品。【词汇拓展】pack up 把……打包;(把……)装进(箱子等);收拾be packed with 挤满;装满;充满a pack of 一包;一群;一堆pack into 往……塞入;将……塞进;挤进……里;装满package n. 包裹;包packaging n. 包装;包装材料packet n. 小包;小袋He packed up his possessions slowly and deliberately.他慢慢地、小心翼翼地收拾好自己的物品。We avoided a pack of journalists waiting outside.我们避开了等在外面的一群记者。The moment the door opened,people began to pack into the hall.门一开,人们就涌进大厅。of into with【迁移应用】单句填空(1)He always carries a pack cigarettes with him. (2)The crowds packed the cinema on a wet day. (3)The dining hall was packed students having their lunch. 4He moved out of his rented flat after complaints from his neighbours about disturbing the peace.(教材P30)邻居抱怨他扰乱治安后,他搬出了租来的公寓。◆ complaint n.投诉Why don’t you make a complaint against your noisy neighbour?你为什么不投诉那位喧闹的邻居呢?He didn’t like the meal so he made a complaint to the manager of the restaurant.他不喜欢这顿饭,于是向餐馆经理投诉了。【词汇拓展】make a complaint 提出不满意见,对……提出控告complain vi. & vt. 投诉;抱怨complain (to sb) about/of (doing) sth (向某人)抱怨(做)某事complain (to sb) that+从句 (向某人)抱怨……Employees complained bitterly about working conditions.雇员们愤恨地抱怨工作条件。She complained to me about her husband’s laziness.她向我抱怨她丈夫的懒惰。They complained that the prices of books had increased.他们抱怨说书的价格提高了。complaints about/ofto【迁移应用】单句填空(1)All (complain) against police officers are carefully investigated. (2)She often complains not feeling appreciated at work. (3)Neighbours complained the police about the dog’s barking. 5One neighbour also claimed that Ma Ming had a bad influence on his teenage son.(教材P30) 一位邻居还声称,马明对他十几岁的儿子产生了不良影响。◆ claim vt.声称;断言;索赔;认领 n.要求;声称;索赔;所有权;对某事物的权利The man claimed that he’d been dining with friends at the time of murder.该男子声称凶案发生时自己正与朋友们进餐。His claim to ownership is invalid.他的所有权是无效的。【词汇拓展】claim on 索赔claim to do sth 声称做某事have a claim on/to 有对……要求的权利have no claim on/to 没有对……要求的权利;无资格得到lay claim to 表示自己有权利去获得/认领(某物)make a claim for 对……提出要求raise a claim 提出(所有权的)要求You have no claim on my sympathy.你没有要我同情的权利。A shipping company has made a claim for the cost of salvaging the sunken ship.轮船公司要求赔偿打捞沉船的费用。to have discoveredonfor【迁移应用】单句填空(1)Doctors claimed (discover) a cure for the disease. (2)Did you claim the insurance after the car accident? (3)She made a claim damages against the company. 6We gave Ma Ming a warning.(教材P30)我们给了马明一个警告。◆ warning n.警告,警示;告诫The team’s defeat is a salutary warning before the World Cup.这次失利是在世界杯比赛之前对整个队的一个有益警示。Red marks on the skin may be a warning sign for this disease.皮肤上出现红色斑点可能是患这种病的一个警示信号。He gave us a warning against placing confidence in people we did not know.他告诫我们,不要轻信我们不了解的人。【词汇拓展】warn vt. 警告;告诫;提醒warn sb of sth 提醒某人提防某事warn sb against (doing) sth 告诫某人不要(做)某事warn sb (not) to do sth 告诫某人(不)要做某事warn (sb) that+从句 警告或提醒某人……The police are warning drivers of possible delays.警方提醒司机们交通可能受阻。The doctor warned us against overtiring the patient.医生告诫我们不要让病人过度劳累。I warned her not to go near the dog,but she ignored me.我告诫过她不要走近那条狗,但她不听我的话。were warned againstnot to buywarn her of【迁移应用】完成句子(1)有人告诫过我们不要喝当地的水。We drinking the local water. (2)有人明确地警告过他们不要买这所房子。They were specifically warned the house. (3)她声称医生没有提醒她所涉及的风险。She claimed that doctors had failed to the risks involved. 7He could no longer tolerate it.(教材P31)他再也不能忍受了。◆ tolerate vt. 忍受;忍耐;容忍,容许;宽容I won’t tolerate your behaving in this way.我不能容忍你这样做。How can you tolerate that selfish woman?你怎么能忍受得了那个自私的女人?We will not tolerate any invasion of our motherland.我们决不容忍对我们祖国的任何侵犯。【词汇拓展】tolerate doing sth 容忍/容许做某事tolerance n. 容忍,忍受;宽容tolerant adj. 容忍的;宽容的be tolerant of/towards 对……容忍或宽容be tolerant of/towards 对……容忍或宽容The teacher cannot tolerate eating snacks on the class.老师不容许在课堂上吃零食。He has a sense of humour plus tolerance and patience.他既具有幽默感,又能宽容和耐心。They learn to be tolerant of other people.他们学会宽容别人。tolerate的同义词(组)有bear、stand、put up with。A strong man will bear hardship without complaining.一个坚强的人会忍受困苦而不抱怨。I cannot stand the TV host’s plastic smile.我不能忍受那个电视节目主持人不自然的笑容。with coming of/towards【迁移应用】单句填空(1)They cannot put up such terrible working conditions. (2)She cannot tolerate her husband’s (come) home late all the time. (3)She was more tolerant her younger sister than before. 8Unfortunately,the water he sent over his balcony every day ended up on the McKays’ floor,or too often,on the unsuspecting McKays themselves.(教材P31)不幸的是,他每天从阳台上送过来的水最终落到了迈奇夫妇的地板上,或者太多时候,落到了毫无戒心的迈奇夫妇身上。◆ unsuspecting adj.无提防之心的,无疑心的Numerous pitfalls await unsuspecting investors.数不清的陷阱等待着毫无戒心的投资者。There is contractual and unsuspecting relation between the employer and the employee.雇主和雇员之间存在着合同和信任关系。【词汇拓展】suspect vt. 怀疑;猜想n. 犯罪嫌疑人,可疑分子adj. 可疑的;不可信任的suspicion n. 怀疑;嫌疑suspicious adj. 怀疑的,猜疑的;可疑的suspiciously adv. 怀疑地,猜疑地suspect sb of (doing) sth 疑心某人(做)某事be suspicious of/about 对……怀疑A suspect package was found on the platform.在月台上发现了一个可疑的包裹。Two suspects are now being interrogated in connection with the killing.与杀人案有关的两名犯罪嫌疑人正在接受审讯。The police suspected him of having stolen the money.警察怀疑钱是他偷的。She had a sneaking suspicion that he was laughing at her.她心里偷偷怀疑他正在嘲笑她。of suspicion suspicious【迁移应用】单句填空(1)What made you suspect her having taken the money? (2)I have a (suspect) that she is not telling me the truth. (3)A man was hanging about the house in a (suspect) manner. 9She added that it wasn’t only the water falling onto their balcony from Smith watering his plants that bothered them,but also the way he cleaned his fish tanks.(教材P31) 她补充说,困扰他们的不仅是史密斯给植物浇水时掉到他们阳台上的水,还有他清洗鱼缸的方式。◆ bother vt. & vi.(使)担心,(使)生气,(使)苦恼The problem has been bothering me for weeks.那问题已经让我苦恼了几个星期。It bothers me that he can be so insensitive.他这样麻木不仁,让我很生气。【词汇拓展】have no/little/much bother (in) doing sth 做某事不/几乎不/很费劲bother sb with ... 用……烦扰某人bother sb for sth 烦扰着某人要某物bother (sb) about ... (使某人)为……而烦恼/费心bother oneself/one’s head about 为……而焦虑/操心He failed his exams but he didn’t bother about the resits.他考试没有通过,却没有为补考而感到烦恼。Why should Rhett bother himself about Ashley’s safety?瑞德为什么要为艾希礼的安全操心呢?【迁移应用】翻译句子(1)我们费了很大劲才找到他的家。(2)我此刻不想让她为我的事操心。(3)人不应当为个人得失而烦恼。答案 We had a lot of bother finding (our way to) his house. 答案 I don’t want to bother her with my problems at the moment. 答案 One should not be bothered about one’s personal gains or losses. 重点句式1The flat-owner said if he had known that Ma Ming was a drummer,he wouldn’t have rented the flat to him.(教材P30)房东说如果他知道马明是个鼓手,就不会把房子租给他。【句式剖析】said后面是省略了that的宾语从句,宾语从句中包含了if引导的条件状语从句。宾语从句使用了虚拟语气,表示对过去情况进行不切实际的假设。表示与过去事实相反的假设时,条件状语从句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”,主句中的谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+have+过去分词”。If you had taken my advice,you wouldn’t have failed in the examination.假如你听从我的建议,你就不会考试不及格了.If I had known your address,I would have written to you.假如我知道你的地址,我早就给你写信了。【句式拓展】(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设时,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去式 (be动词的过去式通常用were),主句中的谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。If I were in your position,I would accept their offer.如果我处在你的位置,我就接受他们的提议。(2)表示与将来事实相反的假设时,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“were to/should+动词原形”,或用一般过去式,主句中的谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。If the sun were to rise in the west tomorrow,I would follow you.假如明天太阳从西边升起,我就听你的。(3)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,通常被称为“错综虚拟语气”,动词的形式要依据它所表示的时间进行相应的调整。If you had taken the medicine yesterday,you might be well today.如果你昨天吃了药,你的病也许今天就好了。(4)在条件句中,可以省略if,把系动词were、助动词had或情态动词should提到句首,成为倒装句式。Had you been here earlier,you would have seen him.如果你早点来的话,你就会见到他。(5) 有时,虚拟语气中并不出现if引导的条件句,而用其他形式(比如without,but for)来代替条件句,通常称之为“含蓄虚拟语气”。But for your help,I couldn’t have made so much progress.如果不是你的帮助,我就不会取得这么大的进步。had would beIfhad known【迁移应用】单句填空(1)If I (have) a lot of money,I would buy a big house with a swimming pool. (2)If he had taken my advice,he (be) a scientist now. (3) he had not hurt his leg,John would have won the race. (4)Steve said that if he (know) how it worked,he would have told me what to do. 2Getting enough sleep is important for people’s health and,after such a chorus of complaints,we had to take action.(教材P30)充足的睡眠对人们的健康很重要,在一片抱怨声之后,我们不得不采取行动。【句式剖析】句中的主语getting enough sleep是动名词短语。动名词作主语时,往往表示一般性的、经常性的或抽象性的动作或行为,其逻辑主语通常是形容词性物主代词或名词所有格,谓语动词通常要用单数。Missing the bus means waiting for another half an hour.错过了这班车意味着再等半个小时。Collecting stamps is a good hobby,which can enrich our lives.集邮是一个很好的爱好,它可以丰富我们的生活。His being late again made his manager very angry.他又迟到了,这使得经理很生气。【句式拓展】动名词短语作主语时,可用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(动名词短语)置于句末。但值得注意的是,动名词作后置主语的情况通常只限于以下几个名词或形容词后面。(1)名词good、fun、use、joy等后面。It is no good pretending to know what you don’t know.不懂装懂没有好处。(2)形容词useless、nice、good、interesting、worth等后面。It’s useless talking about it with a stubborn person.和一位固执的人谈论这些是没有用的。Eating Being laughedbuyingtalking【迁移应用】用所给词的适当形式填空(1) (eat) more vegetables is good for our health,as we all know. (2) (laugh) at in public is what he can’t stand. (3)It’s a waste of money (buy) things you don’t need. (4) It’s no good (talk) to me about physics;it’s a closed book to me. 3She added that it wasn’t only the water falling onto their balcony from Smith watering his plants that bothered them,but also the way he cleaned his fish tanks.(教材P31) 她补充说,困扰他们的不仅是史密斯给植物浇水时掉到他们阳台上的水,还有他清洗鱼缸的方式。【句式剖析】句中的added后面是that连接的宾语从句,该从句是一个强调句型,强调的是主语部分。强调句型的基本结构为“it is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其余部分”。被强调的部分通常是句子的主语、宾语和状语;被强调部分如果是人,that和who都可以使用;如果强调的是人以外的其他成分,则只能用that。It is I who/that am to blame for the traffic accident.应为这起交通事故负责任的是我。It was some old friends that he met at the evening party.他在晚会上遇到的是一些老朋友。【句式拓展】(1)如果强调“not...until...”句型中until引导的时间状语从句,not要放到until前面。I didn’t recognise her until she took off her sunglasses.=It was not until she took off her sunglasses that I recognised her.直到她摘下墨镜我才认出她来。It was not until he left me that I realised he was very important to me.直到他离开我,我才意识到他对我非常重要。(2)强调句型的一般疑问句是把is/was提前;其特殊疑问句结构为“特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that/who+其余部分”。Was it three days ago that the old man disappeared?那位老人是3天前失踪的吗?Where was it that you met the famous scientist?你是在哪里遇见那位著名科学家的?(3)强调句型的判别方式为:把it is/was及that/who去掉后,剩余部分依然是一个完整的句子;否则,就不是强调句型。It was in the park that I lost my cell phone.(强调句型)It is clear that not all boys like playing football.(非强调句型)who/thatwas that It【迁移应用】单句填空(1)However,it was Haydn encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna. (2)It (be) some children who made a lot of noises in the garden. (3)It is the ability to do the job matters not where you come or what you are. (4) was not until we had stayed together for some time that I found we had a lot in common. 4We’d be sitting there happily reading our newspapers,when suddenly so much water would come from above that we’d be as wet as if we had showered with our clothes on!(教材P31)我们坐在那里愉快地读报纸,突然有这么多的水从上面流下来,以至于我们浑身都湿透了,就像刚刚穿着衣服洗过澡似的!【句式剖析】这是一个复合句。主句为“sb be doing sth when...”句型,其中的when是并列连词,意为“在那时”,相当于and then或and at the same time。that连接的是结果状语从句,该从句中又包含了as if连接的方式状语从句。I was watching the TV programme when the telephone rang.我正在看电视节目,这时电话铃响了。He was reviewing his lessons when someone knocked at the door.他正在复习功课,这时有人敲门。【句式拓展】(1)be doing ...when... 正在做……这时……(2)be about to do ...when...=be on the point of doing ... when... 正要做……这时……Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.汤姆正要关窗户,这时一只小鸟吸引了他的注意。(3)had just done ...when... 刚做了……这时……I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang.我刚写完试卷,铃声就响了。when when running was walking【迁移应用】单句填空(1)I was wandering through the street a beggar stopped me for some money. (2)Jack had just arrived home he received an urgent order. (3)He was on the point of (run) away when the police came. (4)I (walk) along the river when I heard a drowning boy crying for help. 重点语法情态动词情态动词本身有词义,表示说话人的语气或情态,但词义不完全,不能单独用作谓语动词,一般只能和动词原形一起构成谓语动词。情态动词所表示的情态有:命令、允诺、请求、拒绝、愿望、愿意、义务、必要、可能、能力、敢于、需要等。本单元出现的情态动词用法归纳如下。1.have tohave to加动词原形,表示“不得不;必须”。它比must更含有“客观条件使得必须如此做”的意思,并有较多的时态。Mr Johnson has to work very hard to earn a living.约翰逊先生为了谋生不得不拼命干活。I had to leave the party early last night.I wasn’t very well.昨晚我只得早点离开晚会,我不大舒服。We will have to get up very early tomorrow.我们明天必须起得很早。I shall have to go to the clinic today for my bad cough.我咳嗽得厉害,今天必须去诊所看看。2.couldcould是can的过去式,表示与过去有关的能力和可能。We were sure that he could do the work.我们肯定他能做这工作。(表能力)He could not afford to send his son to school.他供不起儿子上学。(表能力)At that time we thought the story could not be true.那时我们以为这个故事不可能是真的。(表可能)注意:could可代替can表示现在,但语气较为婉转。Could you wait half an hour?请你等半个小时好吗?Could you please ring up again at six?请你六点钟再来电话好吗?注意:表示过去的能力并已完成某一具体动作时须用were/was able (to),不可用could。但如未完成某一具体动作,则可用could not。I am glad we were able to catch the train.我很高兴我们能赶上火车。I am sorry we couldn’t (或weren’t able to) catch the train.我很遗憾我们没有能赶上火车。3.oughtought只有一种形式,后面须跟带to的动词不定式。ought表示“有义务或必要”,还可表示“劝告”。You ought to follow the old man’s advice.你应当听从那位老人的建议。You oughtn’t to smoke too much.你不应当抽烟太多。You don’t look well.You ought to go to the clinic at once.你脸色不好。你应该马上到医务室去。ought后加动词不定式的完成式时,指过去的动作。如果用肯定形式(ought to have done),就表示某一件事该做而未做,相当于should have done。如果用否定形式(ought not to have done),则表示一件不该做的事情发生了,相当于should not have done。He ought to have done the exercise more carefully.他本应当更细心地做这个练习。I ought to have returned these books to the library last week.我上星期就应当把这些书还给图书馆。You ought not to have been so rude to her.你不该对她这么粗鲁。You ought not to have taken his skates without his permission.你不该没有得到他的许可就把他的冰鞋拿走。4.don’t have to与needn’tdon’t have to偏重于说明“不要担心,你没必要做某事”,强调的是某人没有做某事的责任,所以没必要去做。needn’t 偏重于说“不要认为你不得不做某事”,强调的是这件事不重要,所以没必要做,二者偏重的点不一样。You don’t have to pay at once.你不需要马上进行支付。You don’t have to go running upstairs every time she rings.你不必每次她一来电话就跑上楼。You needn’t talk to anyone if you don’t want to.如果你不想的话,你不必和任何人说话。在“You needn’t talk to anyone if you don’t want to.”这个句子中,need为情态动词,所以后接动词原型。当need作为实义动词时,需搭配动词不定式使用。You don’t need to pay right now.你不需要现在付钱。mustn’t 表示某事不被允许,含有“禁止”的意思。You mustn’t walk on the grass here.你不能在这里的草地上走。We mustn’t let ourselves be overtaken by our competitors.我们决不能让竞争对手超过我们。5.daredare的用法和其他动词有所不同。dare用于否定句或疑问句中时,其用法和其他情态动词一样,即dare本身无变化,后面所跟的动词不定式不带to。但是dare用在肯定结构中时,后面的动词不定式可加to。Dare he admit his mistake?他敢承认他的错误吗?Unafraid of being attack,they dared (to) run such risks.他们不怕被攻击,敢于冒这样的风险。Young people should dare to think,dare to speak and dare to act.青年人要敢想,敢说,敢做。在否定句或疑问句中,dare也可用作实义动词,用助动词do来帮助,后面的动词不定式可带to。Do they dare to do it?他们敢做这件事吗?The enemy did not dare to come out after dark.敌人夜间不敢出来。随堂练习Ⅰ.完成句子1.I think you (应该)give football a rest for a time. 2.The weather got so bad that we (不得不) turn back. 3.I knew I was falling in love,but (不敢) speak it. 4.They had nowhere to stay so I (不能) turn them away. 5.You (不必) do anything─just lie back and enjoy the ride. ought to had todared notcouldn’tdon’t have toⅡ.课文语法填空Smith lives above the McKays.He is a keen gardener,and also a fish 1. (collect).The water he sent over his balcony often ended up 2. the McKays’ floor.It was’t only the water 3. bothered the McKays.They would 4. (sit) happily reading their newspapers when suddenly so much water would come from above that they would be as wet as if they 5. (shower) with their clothes on!That Saturday was James’ birthday.His wife made him 6. birthday cake,but before he 7. (blow) the candles out,Smith emptied one ofcollector on that be sittinghad showeredablew walkingdefinitely to changehis larger tanks over his balcony,so that both the McKays and the cake were wet through.James was so angry that he hit Smith with his 8. (walk) stick.After spending a night in a cell,James went back home.He said it was 9. (definite) the most exciting birthday ever.As for Smith,he has promised 10. (change) his ways from now on. Ⅲ.概要写作根据P30课文内容,完成下面的内容概要。Ma Ming,who often drummed late at night,1. (搬出了他租住的公寓)because of complaints from the neighbours,who were being driven mad 2. (暴露在这样的噪音中).After such a chorus of complaints,the community council 3. (不得不采取行动) and then gave him a warning.Ma Ming didn’t mind having to leave the flat,but he couldn’t accept the fact that people 4. (认为他的音乐是噪音). moved out of his rented flatbeing exposed to such noisehad to take actionthought of his music as “noise”本课结束
UNIT 11Section A TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1英 语2022内容索引课前篇 自主预习课堂篇 互动探究晨读晚诵素养导航 晨读晚诵Good relationships are definitely① good sources of happiness in life.We all want happy relationships,but if we do not keep that relationship alive,it can also be one of the most distraught② things in life.There may be no hard and fast rules in making good relationships,as each of us has different preferences and points of view as to what is a good relationship. The following are some major key players in making relationships work. It is often said that building good relationships is all about communication.Good communication indeed governs③ a good relationship—knowing the right thing to say,when to say it,how to say it,and accepting that some things are better left unsaid.I personally think communication must be broadened because relationships involve more decisions to make.From study to work,from money to entertainment,and even in things about yourself or about your friend that you do not know,communication is essential④ in these aspects of the relationships.Of course,being with someone is not saying that you totally agree with him all the time.You and your friend come from different family backgrounds,raised in different environments,so there may be disagreements here and there.However,it is important in making relationships work to express disagreements without pushing the relationship to an end.Again,good communication and learning to compromise⑤ at times are essential.As the relationship lasts longer,you may also discover things about you and your friend that you may not have known before.Therefore,supporting each other on both your “hidden selves” can also make a good relationship.Love is an important aspect of building relationships,and for me,I always believe that love needs open communication,respect,support and understanding each other in making relationships work.词海拾贝①definitely adv. 确切地;明确地②distraught adj. 心烦意乱的;忧心如焚的③govern vt. 统治;控制;管理④essential adj.必不可少的;极其重要的⑤compromise v. 妥协,折中;让步典句欣赏There may be no hard and fast rules in making good relationships,as each of us has different preferences and points of view as to what is a good relationship.译文:建立良好的关系可能没有硬性规定,因为我们每个人对什么是良好的关系都有不同的偏好和观点。分析:这是一个复合句。主句为there be句型;as引导原因状语从句,该从句中包含了what连接的宾语从句。探究思辨What’s the author’s purpose in writing this passage?答案 In order to tell readers some major key players in making relationships work. 课前篇 自主预习Ⅰ.知识体系图解重点词汇 写作词汇1. vi.& vt.询问,打听 2. vi.& vt.打包n.包,包裹3. vt.把……塞住,堵塞;填塞4. n.投票(指行为);票数5. n.警告,警示;告诫6. vt.& vi.停止,终止,结束inquire pack plugvote warning cease 7. n.房产;所有物;财产8. n.离开,起程9. adj.愤愤不平的;带来痛苦的,令人难过的;苦的10. adv.(非正式)尽管如此;至少11. adj.偏僻的,偏远的12. vt.逮捕,拘捕;抑制;阻止13. adj.礼貌而友善的,和蔼可亲的14. vt.& vi.(使)担心,(使)生气,(使)苦恼15. vi.& vt.回想,回忆起propertydeparture bitter anyhow remote arrest pleasant bother recall 阅读词汇16.compromise n. 17.tank n. 18.drummer n. 19.chorus n. 20.edge n. 21.keen adj. 22.balcony n. 折中,妥协 (储存液体或气体的)箱,罐 鼓手 齐声;副歌;合唱团 边缘,外围着迷的,有强烈兴趣的 阳台 拓展词汇23. vi.& vt.谈判,协商→ n.谈判,协商 24. vt.解决(问题、困难)→ n.决心;决定;解决 25. n.不便,麻烦→ adj.不方便的,打扰的 26. vt.使恼怒,使生气→ adj.讨厌的,令人气恼的→ adj.气恼的 27. n.投诉→ vi.& vt.投诉;抱怨 negotiatenegotiation resolveresolution inconvenienceinconvenient annoyannoyingannoyedcomplaintcomplain 28. adj.有偏见的,有成见的,歧视的→ n.偏见 29. n.暴力行为,暴力→ adj.粗暴的;剧烈的 30. vt.忍受;忍耐;容忍,容许;宽容→ adj.容忍的,忍受的 31. adj.无提防之心的,无疑心的→ vt.怀疑;猜想 prejudicedprejudice violenceviolent toleratetolerantunsuspectingsuspect重点短语1. 对……有坏影响 2. 在麻烦中;在不幸中3. 异口同声的4. 采取行动5. 恢复正常6. 对……有偏见7. 在……的边缘have a bad influence on in troublea chorus of take action go back to normalbe prejudiced against on the edge of 8.end up 9.get rid of 10.think of...as... 11.in a flash 12.a large crowd of 13.blow out 14.be exposed to 最终;结果 摆脱;甩掉;赶走 认为……是……转瞬;一瞬间 一大群的 吹灭;熄灭 暴露于;面临重点语法情态动词 Ⅱ.阅读导学A.根据P30—P31课文内容,选择正确答案。1.What can be learned from the flat-owner’s words?A.He likes listening to Ma Ming’s playing the drums.B.He disagrees with most of the neighbours.C.He regrets renting the flat to Ma Ming.D.He did know Ma Ming was a drummer.答案 C 2.What’s one of the advantages of Ma Ming living in a hotel?A.Saving money.B.Saving trouble.C.No prejudice.D.No noise.答案 B 3.Why did James McKay hit Keith Smith?A.He couldn’t control his anger.B.He disliked gardening.C.He wanted to spend an exciting birthday.D.He quarrelled with his wife.答案 A 4.In which section of a newspaper may these texts appear?A.Education.B.Science and technology.C.Entertainment.D.Interpersonal relationships.答案 D B.阅读P30—P31课文,理清文章结构。 parties driven madgot a full night’s sleep warning thought of asa fish collectorflat above thememptiedchange his waysHappy Birthday课堂篇 互动探究重点词汇1I know how annoying it is(教材P28)我知道这有多烦人◆ annoying adj.讨厌的,令人气恼的You must have found my attitude annoying.你肯定觉得我的态度讨人厌。Her most annoying habit was talking while eating.她最让人讨厌的习惯就是吃东西的时候讲话。【词汇拓展】annoy vt. 使恼怒,使生气annoyed adj. 气恼的;恼怒的be annoyed about sth 对于某事感到恼火be annoyed at (doing) sth 因(做)某事而恼怒be annoyed by 被……惹恼be annoyed with sb 生某人的气be annoyed with sb 生某人的气You always say what you think even if it annoys people.即使你的想法会激怒别人,你也会将它说出来。I bet she was annoyed at having to write it out again.我敢说她对不得不重写一遍感到恼火。I was annoyed with myself for giving in so easily.我气我自己那么轻易就让步了。【迁移应用】单句填空(1)We enjoyed the game but were rather annoyed being beaten. (2)I like her,even though she can be (annoy) at times. (3)I’m so annoyed her that I haven’t been near her for a week. (4)He was beginning to get very (annoy) with me about my carelessness. at annoying with annoyed2Why does Mr Smith recommend studying in a library?(教材P29) 史密斯先生为什么建议去图书馆学习?◆ recommend vt.建议;推荐;介绍She recommended that I should take some time off.她建议我休息一段时间。I have no hesitation in recommending her for the job.我毫不犹豫地推荐她做这项工作。【词汇拓展】recommend sb/sth to sb 向某人推荐某人或某物recommend sb to do sth 劝告某人做某事recommend doing sth 建议做某事recommend that...(should) do sth 建议……做某事recommendation n. 推荐;介绍on the recommendation of 在……的介绍/建议下I recommend this book to anyone with an interest in art.我把这本书推荐给对艺术感兴趣的人。We recommend that you get insurance against sickness and unemployment.我们建议你办理疾病和失业保险。recommendation to (should) be improved【迁移应用】单句填空(1)I had the operation on the (recommend) of my doctor. (2)I can recommend this play all lovers of good theatre. (3)The committee recommended that the training program (improve). 3Ma Ming,drummer for the rock band “Storm”,had to pack his bags.(教材P30) 摇滚乐队“暴风雨”的鼓手马明不得不收拾行李。◆ pack vi.& vt.打包 n.包,包裹I’m leaving in an hour but I haven’t packed yet!我一小时之后就要走了,可我还没有收拾好(行李)呢!The climber carried some food in a pack on his back.那名登山者在背上背了一些食品。【词汇拓展】pack up 把……打包;(把……)装进(箱子等);收拾be packed with 挤满;装满;充满a pack of 一包;一群;一堆pack into 往……塞入;将……塞进;挤进……里;装满package n. 包裹;包packaging n. 包装;包装材料packet n. 小包;小袋He packed up his possessions slowly and deliberately.他慢慢地、小心翼翼地收拾好自己的物品。We avoided a pack of journalists waiting outside.我们避开了等在外面的一群记者。The moment the door opened,people began to pack into the hall.门一开,人们就涌进大厅。of into with【迁移应用】单句填空(1)He always carries a pack cigarettes with him. (2)The crowds packed the cinema on a wet day. (3)The dining hall was packed students having their lunch. 4He moved out of his rented flat after complaints from his neighbours about disturbing the peace.(教材P30)邻居抱怨他扰乱治安后,他搬出了租来的公寓。◆ complaint n.投诉Why don’t you make a complaint against your noisy neighbour?你为什么不投诉那位喧闹的邻居呢?He didn’t like the meal so he made a complaint to the manager of the restaurant.他不喜欢这顿饭,于是向餐馆经理投诉了。【词汇拓展】make a complaint 提出不满意见,对……提出控告complain vi. & vt. 投诉;抱怨complain (to sb) about/of (doing) sth (向某人)抱怨(做)某事complain (to sb) that+从句 (向某人)抱怨……Employees complained bitterly about working conditions.雇员们愤恨地抱怨工作条件。She complained to me about her husband’s laziness.她向我抱怨她丈夫的懒惰。They complained that the prices of books had increased.他们抱怨说书的价格提高了。complaints about/ofto【迁移应用】单句填空(1)All (complain) against police officers are carefully investigated. (2)She often complains not feeling appreciated at work. (3)Neighbours complained the police about the dog’s barking. 5One neighbour also claimed that Ma Ming had a bad influence on his teenage son.(教材P30) 一位邻居还声称,马明对他十几岁的儿子产生了不良影响。◆ claim vt.声称;断言;索赔;认领 n.要求;声称;索赔;所有权;对某事物的权利The man claimed that he’d been dining with friends at the time of murder.该男子声称凶案发生时自己正与朋友们进餐。His claim to ownership is invalid.他的所有权是无效的。【词汇拓展】claim on 索赔claim to do sth 声称做某事have a claim on/to 有对……要求的权利have no claim on/to 没有对……要求的权利;无资格得到lay claim to 表示自己有权利去获得/认领(某物)make a claim for 对……提出要求raise a claim 提出(所有权的)要求You have no claim on my sympathy.你没有要我同情的权利。A shipping company has made a claim for the cost of salvaging the sunken ship.轮船公司要求赔偿打捞沉船的费用。to have discoveredonfor【迁移应用】单句填空(1)Doctors claimed (discover) a cure for the disease. (2)Did you claim the insurance after the car accident? (3)She made a claim damages against the company. 6We gave Ma Ming a warning.(教材P30)我们给了马明一个警告。◆ warning n.警告,警示;告诫The team’s defeat is a salutary warning before the World Cup.这次失利是在世界杯比赛之前对整个队的一个有益警示。Red marks on the skin may be a warning sign for this disease.皮肤上出现红色斑点可能是患这种病的一个警示信号。He gave us a warning against placing confidence in people we did not know.他告诫我们,不要轻信我们不了解的人。【词汇拓展】warn vt. 警告;告诫;提醒warn sb of sth 提醒某人提防某事warn sb against (doing) sth 告诫某人不要(做)某事warn sb (not) to do sth 告诫某人(不)要做某事warn (sb) that+从句 警告或提醒某人……The police are warning drivers of possible delays.警方提醒司机们交通可能受阻。The doctor warned us against overtiring the patient.医生告诫我们不要让病人过度劳累。I warned her not to go near the dog,but she ignored me.我告诫过她不要走近那条狗,但她不听我的话。were warned againstnot to buywarn her of【迁移应用】完成句子(1)有人告诫过我们不要喝当地的水。We drinking the local water. (2)有人明确地警告过他们不要买这所房子。They were specifically warned the house. (3)她声称医生没有提醒她所涉及的风险。She claimed that doctors had failed to the risks involved. 7He could no longer tolerate it.(教材P31)他再也不能忍受了。◆ tolerate vt. 忍受;忍耐;容忍,容许;宽容I won’t tolerate your behaving in this way.我不能容忍你这样做。How can you tolerate that selfish woman?你怎么能忍受得了那个自私的女人?We will not tolerate any invasion of our motherland.我们决不容忍对我们祖国的任何侵犯。【词汇拓展】tolerate doing sth 容忍/容许做某事tolerance n. 容忍,忍受;宽容tolerant adj. 容忍的;宽容的be tolerant of/towards 对……容忍或宽容be tolerant of/towards 对……容忍或宽容The teacher cannot tolerate eating snacks on the class.老师不容许在课堂上吃零食。He has a sense of humour plus tolerance and patience.他既具有幽默感,又能宽容和耐心。They learn to be tolerant of other people.他们学会宽容别人。tolerate的同义词(组)有bear、stand、put up with。A strong man will bear hardship without complaining.一个坚强的人会忍受困苦而不抱怨。I cannot stand the TV host’s plastic smile.我不能忍受那个电视节目主持人不自然的笑容。with coming of/towards【迁移应用】单句填空(1)They cannot put up such terrible working conditions. (2)She cannot tolerate her husband’s (come) home late all the time. (3)She was more tolerant her younger sister than before. 8Unfortunately,the water he sent over his balcony every day ended up on the McKays’ floor,or too often,on the unsuspecting McKays themselves.(教材P31)不幸的是,他每天从阳台上送过来的水最终落到了迈奇夫妇的地板上,或者太多时候,落到了毫无戒心的迈奇夫妇身上。◆ unsuspecting adj.无提防之心的,无疑心的Numerous pitfalls await unsuspecting investors.数不清的陷阱等待着毫无戒心的投资者。There is contractual and unsuspecting relation between the employer and the employee.雇主和雇员之间存在着合同和信任关系。【词汇拓展】suspect vt. 怀疑;猜想n. 犯罪嫌疑人,可疑分子adj. 可疑的;不可信任的suspicion n. 怀疑;嫌疑suspicious adj. 怀疑的,猜疑的;可疑的suspiciously adv. 怀疑地,猜疑地suspect sb of (doing) sth 疑心某人(做)某事be suspicious of/about 对……怀疑A suspect package was found on the platform.在月台上发现了一个可疑的包裹。Two suspects are now being interrogated in connection with the killing.与杀人案有关的两名犯罪嫌疑人正在接受审讯。The police suspected him of having stolen the money.警察怀疑钱是他偷的。She had a sneaking suspicion that he was laughing at her.她心里偷偷怀疑他正在嘲笑她。of suspicion suspicious【迁移应用】单句填空(1)What made you suspect her having taken the money? (2)I have a (suspect) that she is not telling me the truth. (3)A man was hanging about the house in a (suspect) manner. 9She added that it wasn’t only the water falling onto their balcony from Smith watering his plants that bothered them,but also the way he cleaned his fish tanks.(教材P31) 她补充说,困扰他们的不仅是史密斯给植物浇水时掉到他们阳台上的水,还有他清洗鱼缸的方式。◆ bother vt. & vi.(使)担心,(使)生气,(使)苦恼The problem has been bothering me for weeks.那问题已经让我苦恼了几个星期。It bothers me that he can be so insensitive.他这样麻木不仁,让我很生气。【词汇拓展】have no/little/much bother (in) doing sth 做某事不/几乎不/很费劲bother sb with ... 用……烦扰某人bother sb for sth 烦扰着某人要某物bother (sb) about ... (使某人)为……而烦恼/费心bother oneself/one’s head about 为……而焦虑/操心He failed his exams but he didn’t bother about the resits.他考试没有通过,却没有为补考而感到烦恼。Why should Rhett bother himself about Ashley’s safety?瑞德为什么要为艾希礼的安全操心呢?【迁移应用】翻译句子(1)我们费了很大劲才找到他的家。(2)我此刻不想让她为我的事操心。(3)人不应当为个人得失而烦恼。答案 We had a lot of bother finding (our way to) his house. 答案 I don’t want to bother her with my problems at the moment. 答案 One should not be bothered about one’s personal gains or losses. 重点句式1The flat-owner said if he had known that Ma Ming was a drummer,he wouldn’t have rented the flat to him.(教材P30)房东说如果他知道马明是个鼓手,就不会把房子租给他。【句式剖析】said后面是省略了that的宾语从句,宾语从句中包含了if引导的条件状语从句。宾语从句使用了虚拟语气,表示对过去情况进行不切实际的假设。表示与过去事实相反的假设时,条件状语从句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”,主句中的谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+have+过去分词”。If you had taken my advice,you wouldn’t have failed in the examination.假如你听从我的建议,你就不会考试不及格了.If I had known your address,I would have written to you.假如我知道你的地址,我早就给你写信了。【句式拓展】(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设时,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去式 (be动词的过去式通常用were),主句中的谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。If I were in your position,I would accept their offer.如果我处在你的位置,我就接受他们的提议。(2)表示与将来事实相反的假设时,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“were to/should+动词原形”,或用一般过去式,主句中的谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。If the sun were to rise in the west tomorrow,I would follow you.假如明天太阳从西边升起,我就听你的。(3)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,通常被称为“错综虚拟语气”,动词的形式要依据它所表示的时间进行相应的调整。If you had taken the medicine yesterday,you might be well today.如果你昨天吃了药,你的病也许今天就好了。(4)在条件句中,可以省略if,把系动词were、助动词had或情态动词should提到句首,成为倒装句式。Had you been here earlier,you would have seen him.如果你早点来的话,你就会见到他。(5) 有时,虚拟语气中并不出现if引导的条件句,而用其他形式(比如without,but for)来代替条件句,通常称之为“含蓄虚拟语气”。But for your help,I couldn’t have made so much progress.如果不是你的帮助,我就不会取得这么大的进步。had would beIfhad known【迁移应用】单句填空(1)If I (have) a lot of money,I would buy a big house with a swimming pool. (2)If he had taken my advice,he (be) a scientist now. (3) he had not hurt his leg,John would have won the race. (4)Steve said that if he (know) how it worked,he would have told me what to do. 2Getting enough sleep is important for people’s health and,after such a chorus of complaints,we had to take action.(教材P30)充足的睡眠对人们的健康很重要,在一片抱怨声之后,我们不得不采取行动。【句式剖析】句中的主语getting enough sleep是动名词短语。动名词作主语时,往往表示一般性的、经常性的或抽象性的动作或行为,其逻辑主语通常是形容词性物主代词或名词所有格,谓语动词通常要用单数。Missing the bus means waiting for another half an hour.错过了这班车意味着再等半个小时。Collecting stamps is a good hobby,which can enrich our lives.集邮是一个很好的爱好,它可以丰富我们的生活。His being late again made his manager very angry.他又迟到了,这使得经理很生气。【句式拓展】动名词短语作主语时,可用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(动名词短语)置于句末。但值得注意的是,动名词作后置主语的情况通常只限于以下几个名词或形容词后面。(1)名词good、fun、use、joy等后面。It is no good pretending to know what you don’t know.不懂装懂没有好处。(2)形容词useless、nice、good、interesting、worth等后面。It’s useless talking about it with a stubborn person.和一位固执的人谈论这些是没有用的。Eating Being laughedbuyingtalking【迁移应用】用所给词的适当形式填空(1) (eat) more vegetables is good for our health,as we all know. (2) (laugh) at in public is what he can’t stand. (3)It’s a waste of money (buy) things you don’t need. (4) It’s no good (talk) to me about physics;it’s a closed book to me. 3She added that it wasn’t only the water falling onto their balcony from Smith watering his plants that bothered them,but also the way he cleaned his fish tanks.(教材P31) 她补充说,困扰他们的不仅是史密斯给植物浇水时掉到他们阳台上的水,还有他清洗鱼缸的方式。【句式剖析】句中的added后面是that连接的宾语从句,该从句是一个强调句型,强调的是主语部分。强调句型的基本结构为“it is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其余部分”。被强调的部分通常是句子的主语、宾语和状语;被强调部分如果是人,that和who都可以使用;如果强调的是人以外的其他成分,则只能用that。It is I who/that am to blame for the traffic accident.应为这起交通事故负责任的是我。It was some old friends that he met at the evening party.他在晚会上遇到的是一些老朋友。【句式拓展】(1)如果强调“not...until...”句型中until引导的时间状语从句,not要放到until前面。I didn’t recognise her until she took off her sunglasses.=It was not until she took off her sunglasses that I recognised her.直到她摘下墨镜我才认出她来。It was not until he left me that I realised he was very important to me.直到他离开我,我才意识到他对我非常重要。(2)强调句型的一般疑问句是把is/was提前;其特殊疑问句结构为“特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that/who+其余部分”。Was it three days ago that the old man disappeared?那位老人是3天前失踪的吗?Where was it that you met the famous scientist?你是在哪里遇见那位著名科学家的?(3)强调句型的判别方式为:把it is/was及that/who去掉后,剩余部分依然是一个完整的句子;否则,就不是强调句型。It was in the park that I lost my cell phone.(强调句型)It is clear that not all boys like playing football.(非强调句型)who/thatwas that It【迁移应用】单句填空(1)However,it was Haydn encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna. (2)It (be) some children who made a lot of noises in the garden. (3)It is the ability to do the job matters not where you come or what you are. (4) was not until we had stayed together for some time that I found we had a lot in common. 4We’d be sitting there happily reading our newspapers,when suddenly so much water would come from above that we’d be as wet as if we had showered with our clothes on!(教材P31)我们坐在那里愉快地读报纸,突然有这么多的水从上面流下来,以至于我们浑身都湿透了,就像刚刚穿着衣服洗过澡似的!【句式剖析】这是一个复合句。主句为“sb be doing sth when...”句型,其中的when是并列连词,意为“在那时”,相当于and then或and at the same time。that连接的是结果状语从句,该从句中又包含了as if连接的方式状语从句。I was watching the TV programme when the telephone rang.我正在看电视节目,这时电话铃响了。He was reviewing his lessons when someone knocked at the door.他正在复习功课,这时有人敲门。【句式拓展】(1)be doing ...when... 正在做……这时……(2)be about to do ...when...=be on the point of doing ... when... 正要做……这时……Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.汤姆正要关窗户,这时一只小鸟吸引了他的注意。(3)had just done ...when... 刚做了……这时……I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang.我刚写完试卷,铃声就响了。when when running was walking【迁移应用】单句填空(1)I was wandering through the street a beggar stopped me for some money. (2)Jack had just arrived home he received an urgent order. (3)He was on the point of (run) away when the police came. (4)I (walk) along the river when I heard a drowning boy crying for help. 重点语法情态动词情态动词本身有词义,表示说话人的语气或情态,但词义不完全,不能单独用作谓语动词,一般只能和动词原形一起构成谓语动词。情态动词所表示的情态有:命令、允诺、请求、拒绝、愿望、愿意、义务、必要、可能、能力、敢于、需要等。本单元出现的情态动词用法归纳如下。1.have tohave to加动词原形,表示“不得不;必须”。它比must更含有“客观条件使得必须如此做”的意思,并有较多的时态。Mr Johnson has to work very hard to earn a living.约翰逊先生为了谋生不得不拼命干活。I had to leave the party early last night.I wasn’t very well.昨晚我只得早点离开晚会,我不大舒服。We will have to get up very early tomorrow.我们明天必须起得很早。I shall have to go to the clinic today for my bad cough.我咳嗽得厉害,今天必须去诊所看看。2.couldcould是can的过去式,表示与过去有关的能力和可能。We were sure that he could do the work.我们肯定他能做这工作。(表能力)He could not afford to send his son to school.他供不起儿子上学。(表能力)At that time we thought the story could not be true.那时我们以为这个故事不可能是真的。(表可能)注意:could可代替can表示现在,但语气较为婉转。Could you wait half an hour?请你等半个小时好吗?Could you please ring up again at six?请你六点钟再来电话好吗?注意:表示过去的能力并已完成某一具体动作时须用were/was able (to),不可用could。但如未完成某一具体动作,则可用could not。I am glad we were able to catch the train.我很高兴我们能赶上火车。I am sorry we couldn’t (或weren’t able to) catch the train.我很遗憾我们没有能赶上火车。3.oughtought只有一种形式,后面须跟带to的动词不定式。ought表示“有义务或必要”,还可表示“劝告”。You ought to follow the old man’s advice.你应当听从那位老人的建议。You oughtn’t to smoke too much.你不应当抽烟太多。You don’t look well.You ought to go to the clinic at once.你脸色不好。你应该马上到医务室去。ought后加动词不定式的完成式时,指过去的动作。如果用肯定形式(ought to have done),就表示某一件事该做而未做,相当于should have done。如果用否定形式(ought not to have done),则表示一件不该做的事情发生了,相当于should not have done。He ought to have done the exercise more carefully.他本应当更细心地做这个练习。I ought to have returned these books to the library last week.我上星期就应当把这些书还给图书馆。You ought not to have been so rude to her.你不该对她这么粗鲁。You ought not to have taken his skates without his permission.你不该没有得到他的许可就把他的冰鞋拿走。4.don’t have to与needn’tdon’t have to偏重于说明“不要担心,你没必要做某事”,强调的是某人没有做某事的责任,所以没必要去做。needn’t 偏重于说“不要认为你不得不做某事”,强调的是这件事不重要,所以没必要做,二者偏重的点不一样。You don’t have to pay at once.你不需要马上进行支付。You don’t have to go running upstairs every time she rings.你不必每次她一来电话就跑上楼。You needn’t talk to anyone if you don’t want to.如果你不想的话,你不必和任何人说话。在“You needn’t talk to anyone if you don’t want to.”这个句子中,need为情态动词,所以后接动词原型。当need作为实义动词时,需搭配动词不定式使用。You don’t need to pay right now.你不需要现在付钱。mustn’t 表示某事不被允许,含有“禁止”的意思。You mustn’t walk on the grass here.你不能在这里的草地上走。We mustn’t let ourselves be overtaken by our competitors.我们决不能让竞争对手超过我们。5.daredare的用法和其他动词有所不同。dare用于否定句或疑问句中时,其用法和其他情态动词一样,即dare本身无变化,后面所跟的动词不定式不带to。但是dare用在肯定结构中时,后面的动词不定式可加to。Dare he admit his mistake?他敢承认他的错误吗?Unafraid of being attack,they dared (to) run such risks.他们不怕被攻击,敢于冒这样的风险。Young people should dare to think,dare to speak and dare to act.青年人要敢想,敢说,敢做。在否定句或疑问句中,dare也可用作实义动词,用助动词do来帮助,后面的动词不定式可带to。Do they dare to do it?他们敢做这件事吗?The enemy did not dare to come out after dark.敌人夜间不敢出来。随堂练习Ⅰ.完成句子1.I think you (应该)give football a rest for a time. 2.The weather got so bad that we (不得不) turn back. 3.I knew I was falling in love,but (不敢) speak it. 4.They had nowhere to stay so I (不能) turn them away. 5.You (不必) do anything─just lie back and enjoy the ride. ought to had todared notcouldn’tdon’t have toⅡ.课文语法填空Smith lives above the McKays.He is a keen gardener,and also a fish 1. (collect).The water he sent over his balcony often ended up 2. the McKays’ floor.It was’t only the water 3. bothered the McKays.They would 4. (sit) happily reading their newspapers when suddenly so much water would come from above that they would be as wet as if they 5. (shower) with their clothes on!That Saturday was James’ birthday.His wife made him 6. birthday cake,but before he 7. (blow) the candles out,Smith emptied one ofcollector on that be sittinghad showeredablew walkingdefinitely to changehis larger tanks over his balcony,so that both the McKays and the cake were wet through.James was so angry that he hit Smith with his 8. (walk) stick.After spending a night in a cell,James went back home.He said it was 9. (definite) the most exciting birthday ever.As for Smith,he has promised 10. (change) his ways from now on. Ⅲ.概要写作根据P30课文内容,完成下面的内容概要。Ma Ming,who often drummed late at night,1. (搬出了他租住的公寓)because of complaints from the neighbours,who were being driven mad 2. (暴露在这样的噪音中).After such a chorus of complaints,the community council 3. (不得不采取行动) and then gave him a warning.Ma Ming didn’t mind having to leave the flat,but he couldn’t accept the fact that people 4. (认为他的音乐是噪音). moved out of his rented flatbeing exposed to such noisehad to take actionthought of his music as “noise”本课结束
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