山东省威海市2021-2022学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题含解析

这是一份山东省威海市2021-2022学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题含解析，共26页。试卷主要包含了答卷前，务必用0等内容，欢迎下载使用。

高一英语
本试卷共10页。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
注意事项：
1.答卷前，务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号填写在答题卡上。
2.选择题，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。笔答题，用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。
第一部分 考试听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man think of the examples in the paper?
A. Accurate. B. Creative. C. Old.
2. Why did Milly leave the basketball team?
A. Because of his poor grades.
B. Because of his serious back injury.
C. Because of his bad relationship with his coach.
3. How will the woman go home?
A. By bus. B. By taxi. C. By motorcycle.
4. When will Ryne be out of hospital?
A. This Friday. B. This Saturday. C. Next Monday.
5. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. At a laundry (洗衣店).
B. At a hotel.
C. At a clothing store.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7题。
6. What did the man do last night?
A. He visited a friend. B. He fixed a radio. C. He had an interview.
7. How does the man feel about the woman’s plan?
A. Interested. B. Surprised. C. Disappointed.
听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9题。
8. What does the man think of Santa Monica Beach?
A. Its port is noisy.
B. Its water is not clean.
C. It is too crowded.
9. Which beach will the speakers probably go to that night?
A. Malibu. B. Venice. C. Santa Monica.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12题。
10. Where did Hester Lincoln go according to the book?
A. The North Pole. B. The Himalayas. C. The South Pole.
11. How long did the man spend on his adventure?
A. Half a month. B. One month. C. Three months.
12. What does the woman consider doing for an adventure?
A. Climbing the Himalayas.
B. Riding a train across Siberia.
C. Exploring the Amazon forest.
听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16题。
13. What day is it today?
A. Thursday. B. Friday. C. Saturday.
14. Where does the woman plan to go tomorrow?
A. To the farm. B. To the zoo. C. To the park.
15. Why did the woman make the reservation so late?
A. She failed to get through.
B. She misread the timetable.
C. She wanted to save money.
16. What does the man volunteer to do in the end?
A. Serve as a driver.
B. Check the bus schedule.
C. Borrow a car for the woman.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20题。
17. What is Michael mainly talking about?
A. His daily activities.
B. The fight against a new virus.
C. The World Health Organization.
18. What’s the situation like now in Namibia?
A. There is a shortage of medical service.
B. Some necessary services are still closed.
C. There are unreliable information sources.
19. What is Michael?
A. A social worker. B. A doctor. C. A reporter.
20. What does Michael suggest the young do?
A. They should be hopeful about the future.
B. They should be devoted to the homeland.
C. They should care for their family and friends.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
For millions of people sitting in a traffic jam or standing on a crowded train, the daily commute (通勤) probably isn’t the best part of their day. But cars and trains aren’t the only travel options.
Electric Vehicles
For those who have a short commute, you could consider getting an electric bike or scooter. An electric scooter has the advantage of being highly portable (轻便的): small and light enough to carry to your office. You’ll just need to check if they are allowed to be used in your area.
Take RYNO for example. It’s a single-wheel electric scooter, whose highest speed is about that of a bicycle. And like other electric vehicles, it can be charged anywhere.
WalkCar
If you want transportation for short distances, the WalkCar might be perfect for you.
The WalkCar looks like a laptop and only weighs three kilograms. It’s also incredibly easy to use — stand on it and it will start to move; move your weight to one side and it will change direction. The WalkCar will take you at a speed of up to 10 kilometers per hour and can travel 12 kilometers on one charge.
Jetpacks
Weighing around 200 kilograms, jetpacks aren’t exactly portable, but they’re sure to have a lot of fun and attract a lot of attention. Running on petrol, the jet engines allow the user to lift off the ground and fly in the air.
The world’s first jetpack is the Martin Jetpack. Once you’ve attached this tiny personal jet plane onto your back, you’ll be able to travel up to 50 kilometers at a height of 1,000 meters. With a price tag of about $150,000, this is probably the most expensive option, but it will almost certainly be the coolest!
1. What do Electric Vehicles and WalkCar have in common?
① being portable. ② being rechargeable.
③ being widely used. ④ being suitable for short distances.
A. ①②③ B. ①②④ C. ①③④ D. ②③④
2. What might be the reason for customers to choose jetpacks?
A. The price. B. The appearance.
C. The weight. D. The flight performance.
3. Which column is the text probably taken from?
A. Lifestyle. B. Travel. C. Entertainment. D. Transport.
Emma Gatewood — called “Grandma Gatewood” by the world — was one of the early thru-hikers of the Appalachian Trail (A.T.), the longest walking-only footpath in the world. She was not the first person — or even the first woman — to hike the trail (路线). Her hike was notable because she was the first woman ever to complete the trail alone at an advanced age.

When Gatewood did her first thru-hike in 1955, there were few hikers and it was hard to follow the trail. There were also many fewer resources for hikers — fewer stores near the trail and much less information available about the trail. But still, Gatewood hiked it alone, carrying only a bag and a hiking stick. She ate a lot of sausages and trail mix. Sometimes she ran out of food and ate berries she recognized in the forest.
After her hike, Gatewood had this to say about the trail in an interview: I thought it would be a nice lark. It wasn’t. There were terrible burnt-over areas and sand washouts, and most of the shelters were blown down, burned down or so dirty I chose to sleep out of doors. This was no trail. This was a nightmare. I would never have started this trip if I had known how tough it was, but I couldn’t and I wouldn’t quit.
All things considered, the only thing more improbable than Emma Gatewood’s completing the trail at the age of 67, is that she turned around and did it again. Twice — once in 1957 and again in 1964, at the age of 76, but this time in sections.
“Gatewood inspired many hikers over the years,” says Luxenberg, president of the Appalachian Trail Museum, “People think, ‘if this elderly woman could do the trail by herself, then I should be able to.’”
4. Which might be the title for Gatewood?
A. The first thru-hiker of A.T. B. The first female to hike A.T. alone.
C. The only woman thru-hiker of A.T. D. The oldest person to hike A.T. alone.
5. What was Gatewood’s first hike like?
A. She met extreme weather. B. There was various food.
C. She met many fellow travelers. D. There was limited information.
6. What do the underlined words in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Breaking news. B. Great fun.
C. A big challenge. D. An improbable task.
7. What message might the text want to convey?
A. Well begun is half done. B. Action speaks louder than words.
C. Success is failure turned inside out. D. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
Some of the world’s best Coffea arabica is grown on Mount Kenya. This variety of the plant produces beans that are tastier than those from its poor cousin, Coffea canephora (known as robusta), which often ends up in instant coffee (速溶咖啡). However, global warming may reduce the total area that is most suited to growing arabica beans by about half by 2050.
Some farmers are trying to adapt to warming by moving uphill. Yet this pushes them into areas long used for growing tea. Not only is there less space higher up; the move stresses how warming also threatens to harm the tea crop, which supports about 10% of Kenya’s population. Warmer weather will push tea itself higher up area.
Kenya’s government-funded Coffee Research Institute is trying to find other ways of helping farmers adapt, such as encouraging them to plant trees to shade their coffee bushes, or to grow hardier (适应性更强) robusta plants. It is also trying to plant a hybrid, Arabusta, which would combine the hardiness of robusta with the flavour of arabica. Coffee snobs may turn up their noses at it, but they may have no other choices.
However, such adaptations may bring social costs. Many smallholder farmers are at risk of being pushed out of the industry altogether because they cannot afford the money needed to protect their crops.
Another option may be entirely new varieties. Researchers in London are studying a wild type of coffee, Coffea stenophylla. It is delicious and can also take the heat. But it produces lower harvest than existing varieties and it may be years before it is widely grown. Without a breakthrough of some sort, caffeine addicts may face a future too unpleasant to imagine. “If we don’t have the innovation (创新) to respond to climate challenges,” Vern Long of World Coffee Research says, “we’re just going to be drinking man-made coffee.”
8. In what way is Coffea arabica better than Coffea robusta?
A. Flavor. B. Harvest. C. Hardiness. D. Sales.
9. What does the underlined “it” refer to in Paragraph 3?
A. Robusta. B. Arabica. C. Arabusta. D. Stenophylla.
10. What might be the impact of the government’s policy?
A. Good money will be brought in.
B. The areas of tea crop will be reduced.
C. The cost of coffee-planting may drop.
D. Smallholder coffee farmers may disappear.
11. What’s the purpose of this text?
A. To give suggestions to coffee farmers.
B. To recommend new varieties of coffee.
C. To introduce coffee industry under threat.
D. To list possible solutions to climate changes.
Ken Banks saw that in South Africa, many organizations trying to help local communities had difficulty with communication, because many villages didn’t have Internet access. Banks noticed, however, that many villagers had cell phones.
Banks had an idea. He created some computer software called FrontlineSMS, which allows users to send information from computers without using the Internet. Users put the software in a computer. Then they connect the computer to a cell phone. To send information, users select the people they want to send it to. The cell phone sends the information to groups of people as a text message. Individuals can then reply on their own cell phones, creating a two-way messaging system between phone users and the computer.
FrontlineSMS is free and can work almost anywhere in the world. Today, it is used in over 190 countries.
FrontlineSMS is a successful example of taking an idea and making it a reality. So what should you do if you have an idea for making the world a better place? Banks offers the following advice:
Research your idea or product thoroughly. To find out if you have a good idea, go into the community and talk to people. And then promote your idea on social media. Use all the social media tools that you can. Connect online with other people who are working in the same field as you. The more you post, the easier it will be for search engines to find you. Once you’ve gotten your message out, people will notice you. Now is the time to try to get funding. Waiting until you have gotten this far shows potential donors that you have initiative. It also shows that you are committed.
We’re currently living in the best time when more and more entrepreneurs (企业家) are developing and promoting products that have the potential to solve the world’s greatest challenges. All you need is an idea.
12. What gave Banks the idea for FrontlineSMS, while he was in South Africa?
A. Little Internet access. B. Popularity of cell phones.
C. Poor local communities. D. Many Non-profit organizations.
13. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2?
A. How Internet access helps. B. What cell phones are used for.
C. How FrontlineSMS works. D. What advantages FrontlineSMS has.
14. What information can be added to Paragraph 3 to make the text more reliable?
A. Some examples of how widely FrontlineSMS is used.
B. Some illustrations about how FrontlineSMS is updated.
C. Some explanations about why FrontlineSMS is a good solution.
D. Some data of how much money FrontlineSMS has brought Banks.
15. Which might be the best title for the text?
A. Turning Ideas into Reality B. Internet Betters the World
C. Making the World a Better Place D. Creativity Makes a Difference
第三部分 七选五（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Turf houses are, quite simply, half underground houses with a grassy roof. They date back over 1,000 years to the 9th Century, when building a turf house was the traditional way in Iceland.

Iceland’s resources then consisted of plenty of wetlands and volcanic stone, but relatively little woodland compared to settlers’ home countries. ____16____
Like many traditions, turf houses survived, but developed. In the 14th Century Viking-style longhouses (thin, long, shared spaces) gave way to individual, smaller buildings. ____17____ Turf houses made way to more modern, recognisable buildings in the 20th Century, but they still exist as museums and heritage (遗产) buildings today.
____18____ Due to the difficult climate, it was essential that the houses should be well-insulated (保温). Besides, the lack of availability of wood and the richness of other suitable materials including lava rock and turf made turf houses available. Turf provides great insulation for buildings compared to those made of wood or stone alone.
From the turn of the 20th Century, Icelanders increasingly moved into larger city settlements, leaving turf houses behind. ____19____ Modern turf houses tend to operate as museums, though some offer short-term holiday accommodation.
While the number of turf houses in Iceland reduced greatly in the 20th Century, the rapid growth of Iceland’s tourism in the last 20 years or so has encouraged Iceland to reexamine the value of traditional buildings. ____20____ The Turf House Tradition was listed as potential nominees (提名) for UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Iceland, which included just six places of importance.
A. Turf houses have great advantages.
B. The last residents moved out of their turf-houses around 1966.
C. There are two main reasons why turf houses were built in Iceland.
D. That’s why early Icelanders faced a shortage of building materials.
E. So, using stone and turf was a reasonable choice in building shelter.
F. A big step towards protecting this national heritage was made in 2011.
G. The late 18th Century saw the arrival of the turf house with wooden ends.
第四部分 完形填空（共三节，满分35分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Gillie and Marc have been called “the most successful and productive creators of public art in New York’s History” by the New York Times. Creating some of the world’s most innovative public sculptures, Gillie and Marc are illustrating what public art should be, ____21____ messages of love, equality, and conservation (保护) around the world.
The artists are best known for their beloved ____22____, Rabbitwoman and Dogman, who tell the tale of two opposites coming together to become best friends and soul mates. As ____23____ animal kingdom (王国) companions, the Rabbit and the Dog stand for difference and acceptance through ____24____. Gillie and Marc believe art is a(n) ____25____ platform for change. Their art ____26____ the importance of togetherness, as well as the necessity of ____27____ the natural world — for we are it, and it is us.

Through their art, Gillie and Marc intend to transform ____28____ audiences into active supporters for animal conservation. Their ____29____ is to use their work as a platform to continue spreading awareness about endangerment, which will ultimately lead to ____30____ and save species from extinction. Their art has raised hundreds of thousands in donations for the many wildlife charities and causes they support.
21. A. spreading B. explaining C. studying D. collecting
22. A. animals B. characters C. kids D. friends
23. A. close B. ideal C. unlikely D. unfamiliar
24. A. love B. hope C. dream D. struggle
25. A. ordinary B. powerful C. formal D. professional
26. A. means B. highlights C. balances D. accepts
27. A. exploring B. enjoying C. protecting D. reshaping
28. A. passive B. curious C. enthusiastic D. impatient
29. A. goal B. reason C. advice D. request
30. A. equality B. peace C. change D. agreement
第五部分 单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
请根据汉语意思及首字母将单词的完整形式写在答题卡上。
31. He was unable to deal with the problems f_______(灵活).(根据中英文提示填空)
32. The show is clearly t_________(以……为目标) on the young. （根据中英文提示填空）
33. He r_______ (营救) a child from getting drowned last summer. （根据中英文提示填空）
34. Human language p_______(允许) communication about anything. (根据中英文提示填空)
35. They exchanged g_______(问候) at the beginning of the broadcast. （根据中英文提示填空）
36. Hard work can g_______(保证) a good outcome in the performance. （根据中英文提示填空）
37. This software is much friendlier than the p_______ (以前的) version. （根据中英文提示填空）
38. She’s usually very shy, but she’s g_______(慷慨的) and never hesitates to help. （根据中英文提示填空）
39. One of my major c_______ (担心) is how to deal with the relationship with my classmates. （根据中英文提示填空）
40. John, a quiet and very polite young man, made a favorable i_______(印象) on the interview. （根据中英文提示填空）
第六部分 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Zhaobi, a wall that can be found outside the entrance of a building, has a long and storied history in China.
The ____41____ (early) form of zhaobi appeared in the Western Zhou dynasty. ____42____ (construct) to serve the function of a status symbol, zhaobi was only owned by the highest members of society. Seeing zhaobi outside ____43____ building would let passersby know that this was the residence of someone of extreme importance. Zhaobi also served the function of protecting privacy by blocking the entrance from any prying (窥视的) eyes.
With the passing of time, zhaobi took on a more abstract purpose, coming ____44____ (play) a role in the principles of fengshui, a practice which focused on achieving harmony ____45____ balance in all things.
____46____ (move) further forward in time, zhaobi became more of a form of artistic expression and creativity, with poetry, paintings and characters representing luck and good fortune appearing on the wall. Some families even used zhaobi ____47____ a canvas (画布) to tell their family history and ____48____ (achieve).
By evolving and adapting its functions, zhaobi ____49____ (be) a silent spectator of China’s long history since its birth. This longevity through transformation is much like China itself, a country _____50_____ shows great respect to its history but has also embraced modernization and progress.
第七部分 书面表达（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 概要写作（满分20分）
51. 阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Mountaineering
Mountaineering is the sport of climbing mountains — it’s all about challenge and perseverance, putting hands and feet on rocks, ice, and snow, and finally reaching a summit. There, high above the world of cities and civilization, the climber can pause and look out over a world ruled by nature and its raw beauty.
There are three separate phases (阶段) of mountain climbing: hiking, rock climbing, and snow and ice technique. Each phase requires a different set of skills. Hiking is the essential element of all climbing. Mountain climbers must be able to walk long distances without tiring. Some of the most difficult hours of a climb are those spent hiking on the trails of a mountain’s lower slopes. Rock climbers must know how to use equipment to help them move up and down the rocks. Most importantly, rock climbers must know how to use their hands and feet to make a successful climb. Hands are used for balance, and feet are used for support. Good mountaineers must also be familiar with the dangers of ice and snow conditions. They must be able to tell hidden crevasses and also be aware of when and where avalanches might occur.
Mountain climbing is a risky activity where you may encounter various dangers. Don’t take lightly no matter how easy your chosen peak might seem. Looks can be deceiving. The mountains are filled with danger and drama. Thunderstorms quickly form and drench (湿透) you with rain and snow. Rockfall and avalanches sweep down mountain faces. Difficulties can slow you, forcing you to camp in the open. You or your climbing partners can have an accident, causing all kinds of problems.
Yet, despite all this, the mountains draw climbers who love the natural world and possess an adventurous spirit. To reach the top of a mountain peak is not always easy, but climbers do enjoy the joy of the climbing most. It’s at those precious mountain moments that you will remember Helen Keller’s words: “A happy life consists not in the absence, but in the mastery of hardships.”
第八部 书面表达 （满分25分）
52. 假定你是李华，应邀为光明社区的外国人写一则定期核酸检测（Nucleic acid testing）的通知。内容包括：
1. 检测频次；
2. 检测时间和地点；
3. 其他参检须知。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为100左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Notice
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【答案】1~5 CABCB 6~10 CABAC 11~15 BBABC 16~20 ABCBA
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. D
【解析】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种非传统的通勤方式：电动汽车、自走车以及喷气背包。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段对电动汽车的介绍“For those who have a short commute, you could consider getting an electric bike or scooter. An electric scooter has the advantage of being highly portable (轻便的): small and light enough to carry to your office.”（对于通勤时间较短的人，你可以考虑买一辆电动自行车或小型摩托车。电动滑板车的优点是非常便携：小巧轻便，便于携带到办公室。）可知，电动汽车适合短距离、轻便。根据第三段“And like other electric vehicles, it can be charged anywhere.”（和其他电动汽车一样，它可以在任何地方充电。）可知，可以充电。根据对WalkCar的介绍，第三段中“If you want transportation for short distances, the WalkCar might be perfect for you.”（如果你想短途出行，WalkCar可能会很适合你。）第四段“The WalkCar looks like a laptop and only weighs three kilograms.”可知WalkCar的特点为适合短距离且轻便。根据第四段“The WalkCar will take you at a speed of up to 10 kilometers per hour and can travel 12 kilometers on one charge.”（WalkCar将以每小时10公里的速度带你前行，充电一次可行驶12公里。）说明，Walkcar可以充电。所以共同点为适合短距离、轻便、可充电。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据第六段“Running on petrol, the jet engines allow the user to lift off the ground and fly in the air.”（喷气发动机以汽油为动力，使使用者能够飞离地面并在空中飞行。）可知，“喷气背包”的特点为可以在空中飞行，具有飞行性能。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“For millions of people sitting in a traffic jam or standing on a crowded train, the daily commute (通勤) probably isn’t the best part of their day. But cars and trains aren’t the only travel options.”（对于数百万坐在交通堵塞或站在拥挤的火车上的人来说，每天的通勤可能不是他们一天中最好的部分。但汽车和火车并不是唯一的旅行选择。）以及下文对三种交通方式的介绍，可知本文来自于“交通”栏目。故选D。
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. B 7. D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了67岁的女性Emma Gatewood克服重重困难，独自徒步穿越阿巴拉契亚国家步道(A.T.)的壮举。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“She was not the first person — or even the first woman — to hike the trail (路线). Her hike was notable because she was the first woman ever to complete the trail alone at an advanced age.(她不是第一个徒步走过这条小径的人，甚至也不是第一个女性。她的徒步旅行引人注目，因为她是第一个在高龄独自完成徒步的女性)”可知，Gatewood是第一位独自徒步阿巴拉契亚国家步道(A.T.)的女性，由此推知“The first female to hike A.T. alone.”可以作为她的头衔。故选B项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“When Gatewood did her first thru-hike in 1955, there were few hikers and it was hard to follow the trail. There were also many fewer resources for hikers — fewer stores near the trail and much less information available about the trail.(1955年，当Gatewood第一次进行穿越徒步时，徒步者寥寥无几，很难找到足迹。此外，可供徒步旅行者使用的资源也少得多——小道附近的商店更少，关于小道的信息也更少)”可知，当Gatewood第一次徒步时，信息非常有限。故选D项。
3. 词句猜测题。根据第三段“I thought it would be a nice lark. It wasn’t. There were terrible burnt-over areas and sand washouts, and most of the shelters were blown down, burned down or so dirty I chose to sleep out of doors. This was no trail. This was a nightmare.(我想这将是a nice lark。它不是。那里有可怕的烧伤区域和被沙子冲刷的地方，大多数的避难所都被风刮倒了，烧毁了，或者很脏，我选择在户外睡觉。这不是小路。这简直是一场噩梦)”中“I thought it would be”可知，Gatewood想像中的徒步旅行是“a nice lark”，而真实情况完全不一样，是一场噩梦，由此推知，划线词“a nice lark”是指想像中的“乐趣”。故选B项。
4. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了67岁的女性Emma Gatewood克服重重困难，独自徒步穿越阿巴拉契亚国家步道(A.T.)的壮举，由此推知，文章想表达的是只要意志坚定，没有克服不了的问题，即“Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.(世上无难事，只怕有心人)”。 故选D项。
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. D 11. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了面临威胁的咖啡产业以及人们正在想办法解决问题。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Some of the world’s best Coffea arabica is grown on Mount Kenya. This variety of the plant produces beans that are tastier than those from its poor cousin, Coffea canephora (known as robusta), which often ends up in instant coffee.(肯尼亚山上种植着世界上最好的Coffea arabica。这种植物生产的咖啡豆比它可怜的表亲咖啡Coffea Canephora（被称为robusta）的咖啡豆更美味，后者通常会制成速溶咖啡)”可知，Coffea arabica在风味上比Coffea robusta更好。故选A项。
2. 词句猜测题。根据第三段“It is also trying to plant a hybrid, Arabusta, which would combine the hardiness of robusta with the flavour of arabica. Coffee snobs may turn up their noses at it, but they may have no other choices.(它还试图种植一种杂交品种Arabusta，这种品种将robusta的耐寒性与arabica的风味相结合。对咖啡自命高雅的人可能会对它嗤之以鼻，但他们可能别无选择)”可知，对咖啡自命高雅的人可能对杂交品种Arabusta嗤之以鼻，it指代的是Arabusta。故选C项。
3. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Many smallholder farmers are at risk of being pushed out of the industry altogether because they cannot afford the money needed to protect their crops.(许多小农面临被完全赶出该行业的风险，因为他们负担不起保护作物所需的资金)”可知，政府的政策可能会导致咖啡小农负担不起所需的资金，从该行业消失。故选D项。
4. 推理判断题。根据第一段“However, global warming may reduce the total area that is most suited to growing arabica beans by about half by 2050.(然而，到2050年，全球变暖可能使最适合种植arabica的总面积减少约一半)”、第四段“Many smallholder farmers are at risk of being pushed out of the industry altogether because they cannot afford the money needed to protect their crops.(许多小农面临被完全赶出该行业的风险，因为他们负担不起保护作物所需的资金)”以及最后一段“But it produces lower harvest than existing varieties and it may be years before it is widely grown.(但它的收成比现有品种低，而且可能要过几年才能广泛种植)”可知，本文写作的目的是介绍面临威胁的咖啡产业。故选C项。
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述Banks将自己的想法变成现实，成功创造FrontlineSMS的故事，鼓励我们将自己的想法变成现实并提出建议。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Ken Banks saw that in South Africa, many organizations trying to help local communities had difficulty with communication, because many villages didn’t have Internet access. Banks noticed, however, that many villagers had cell phones. (Ken Banks看到在南非许多试图帮助当地社区的组织在交流方面遇到了困难，因为许多村庄没有接互联网。然而，Banks注意到许多村民都有手机)”及第二段“Banks had an idea. He created some computer software called FrontlineSMS, which allows users to send information from computers without using the Internet. (Banks有一个想法。他创建了一个名为FrontlineSMS的计算机软件，该软件允许用户在不使用互联网的情况下从计算机发送信息)”可知，Banks注意到许多村民都有手机，所以他创建了一些名为FrontlineSMS的计算机软件，允许用户在不使用互联网的情况下从计算机发送信息。故推知是手机的普及给了Banks创造FrontlineSMS的想法，故选B。
2. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Banks had an idea. He created some computer software called FrontlineSMS, which allows users to send information from computers without using the Internet. Users put the software in a computer. Then they connect the computer to a cell phone. To send information, users select the people they want to send it to. The cell phone sends the information to groups of people as a text message. Individuals can then reply on their own cell phones, creating a two-way messaging system between phone users and the computer. (Banks有一个想法。他创建了一些名为FrontlineSMS的计算机软件，该软件允许用户在不使用因特网的情况下从计算机发送信息。用户将软件放在计算机中。然后，他们将计算机连接到手机。若要发送信息，用户需要选择要向其发送信息的人员。手机将信息以短信的形式发送给一些人。然后，个人可以在自己的手机上回复，从而在电话用户和计算机之间创建双向消息传递系统。)”可知，第二段主要介绍FrontlineSMS是如何工作的，故选C。
3. 推理判断题。根据第三段“FrontlineSMS is free and can work almost anywhere in the world. Today, it is used in over 190 countries. (FrontlineSMS是免费的，几乎可以在世界任何地方工作。今天，它在190多个国家使用。)”可知，第三段说明了FrontlineSMS是免费的，并在190多个国家使用，但文章没有提及FrontlineSMS是如何被广泛使用的。所以要想使文章更可信，应该加一些关于FrontlineSMS被广泛使用的例子。故选A。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Ken Banks saw that in South Africa, many organizations trying to help local communities had difficulty with communication, because many villages didn’t have Internet access. Banks noticed, however, that many villagers had cell phones. (Ken Banks看到，在南非，许多试图帮助当地社区的组织在交流方面遇到了困难，因为许多村庄没有接互联网。然而，Banks注意到许多村民都有手机。)”及第二段“Banks had an idea. He created some computer software called FrontlineSMS, which allows users to send information from computers without using the Internet. (Banks有一个想法。他创建了一些名为FrontlineSMS的计算机软件，该软件允许用户在不使用互联网的情况下从计算机发送信息。)”及第四段“FrontlineSMS is a successful example of taking an idea and making it a reality. (FrontlineSMS是一个成功的例子，它把一个想法变成现实。)”可知，文章主要讲述Banks将自己的想法变成现实，成功创造FrontlineSMS的故事，鼓励我们将自己的想法变成现实并提出建议。故推知文章标题应是Turning Ideas into Reality。故选A。
【答案】16. E 17. G 18. C 19. B 20. F
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍冰岛的草皮屋，建造的原因及其发展的历史。
1. 上文“Iceland’s resources then consisted of plenty of wetlands and volcanic stone, but relatively little woodland compared to settlers’ home countries. (冰岛的资源包括大量的湿地和火山石，但与定居者的国家相比，林地相对较少。)”说明冰岛的湿地和火山石资源丰富。E项“So, using stone and turf was a reasonable choice in building shelter. (因此，使用石头和草皮是建造避难所是一个合理的选择。)”承接上文，冰岛利用自己的湿地和火山石资源建造避难所。故选E。
2. 下文“Turf houses made way to more modern, recognisable buildings in the 20th Century, but they still exist as museums and heritage (遗产) buildings today. (草皮屋在20世纪让位给更现代，可识别的建筑物，但它们今天仍然作为博物馆和遗产建筑存在。)”说明草皮屋在20世纪前很流行。G项“The late 18th Century saw the arrival of the turf house with wooden ends. (18世纪末期，可以看到木屋的结束和草皮屋的到来。)”引出下文，介绍草皮屋存在和流行的时期。故选G。
3. 下文“Due to the difficult climate, it was essential that the houses should be well-insulated (保温). Besides, the lack of availability of wood and the richness of other suitable materials including lava rock and turf made turf houses available. (由于气候恶劣，房屋必须保温。此外，木材的缺乏以及包括熔岩和草皮在内的其他合适材料的丰富性使得草皮房屋可用。)”解释建造草皮屋的原因。C项“There are two main reasons why turf houses were built in Iceland. (在冰岛建造草皮屋有两个主要原因。)”引出下文，解释建造草皮屋的原因。故选C。
4. 上文“From the turn of the 20th Century, Icelanders increasingly moved into larger city settlements, leaving turf houses behind. (从20世纪初开始，冰岛人越来越多地迁入更大的城市定居点，永远离开草皮屋)”说明从20世纪初开始，冰岛人离开草皮屋。B项“The last residents moved out of their turf-houses around 1966. (最后的居民在1966年左右搬出了他们的草皮屋。)”承接上文，说明从20世纪初开始，冰岛人搬出草皮屋。故选B。
5. 下文“The Turf House Tradition was listed as potential nominees (提名) for UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Iceland, which included just six places of importance. (草皮屋传统被列为冰岛联合国教科文组织世界遗产的潜在提名，这些提名中仅包括六个重要地点。)”说明草皮屋被提名为联合国教科文组织世界遗产。F项“A big step towards protecting this national heritage was made in 2011. (2011年，在保护这一民族遗产方面迈出了一大步。)”引出下文，通过将草皮屋提名为联合国教科文组织世界遗产来保护草皮屋。故选F。
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Gillie和Marc被《纽约时报》称为“纽约历史上最成功、最多产的公共艺术创作者”。他们创作了一些世界上最具创新性的公共雕塑，展示了什么是公共艺术，在世界各地传播爱、平等和保护的信息。他们的艺术强调了团结的重要性，以及保护自然世界的必要性。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Gillie和Marc创作了一些世界上最具创新性的公共雕塑，展示了什么是公共艺术，在世界各地传播爱、平等和保护的信息。A. spreading传播；B. explaining解释；C. studying学习；D. collecting收集。根据后文“messages of love, equality, and conservation around the world”可知指在世界各地传播爱、平等和保护的信息，呼应最后一段中的“spreading”。故选A。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：两位艺术家最著名的作品是他们所喜爱的角色——兔女和狗人，她们讲述了两个截然相反的人走到一起成为最好的朋友和灵魂伴侣的故事。A. animals动物；B. characters角色，人物；C. kids孩子；D. friends朋友。根据后文“Rabbitwoman and Dogman, who tell the tale of two opposites coming together to become best friends and soul mates”可知，兔女和狗人是故事中的角色。故选B。
3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：兔子和狗不可能是动物王国的伙伴，它们通过爱代表着不同和接纳。A. close靠近的；B. ideal理想的；C. unlikely不可能的；D. unfamiliar不熟悉的。根据后文“animal kingdom companions, the Rabbit and the Dog stand for difference(动物王国的伙伴，兔子和狗代表着不同)”可知，兔子和狗不可能是动物王国的伙伴，故选C。
4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：兔子和狗不可能是动物王国的伙伴，它们通过爱代表着不同和接纳。A. love爱；B. hope希望；C. dream梦想；D. struggle挣扎。呼应上文“messages of love”此处指通过爱代表着不同和接纳。故选A。
5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Gillie和Marc相信艺术是一个强大的变革平台。A. ordinary普通的；B. powerful强大的；C. formal正式的；D. professional专业的。Gillie和Marc通过艺术来表达自己的观点，因为艺术是一个强大的变革平台。故选B。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的艺术强调了团结的重要性，以及保护自然世界的必要性——因为我们就是它，它就是我们。A. means意味着；B. highlights强调；C. balances平衡；D. accepts接受。根据后文“the importance of togetherness”指强调团结的重要性，故选B。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的艺术强调了团结的重要性，以及保护自然世界的必要性——因为我们就是它，它就是我们。A. exploring探索；B. enjoying欣赏；C. protecting保护；D. reshaping重塑。根据宾语“the natural world”可知指保护自然世界，故选C。
8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过他们的艺术，Gillie和Marc打算将被动的观众转变为动物保护的积极支持者。A. passive被动的；B. curious好奇的；C. enthusiastic热情的；D. impatient无耐心的。与后文“audiences into active supporters for animal conservation”中active形成对应，指将被动的观众转变为动物保护的积极支持者。故选A。
9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的目标是利用他们的工作作为一个平台，继续传播濒危意识，这最终将导致改变和拯救物种灭绝。A. goal目标；B. reason理由；C. advice建议；D. request要求。根据后文“use their work as a platform to continue spreading awareness about endangerment”可知，利用他们的工作作为一个平台，继续传播濒危意识，这是他们的目标。故选A。
10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的目标是利用他们的工作作为一个平台，继续传播濒危意识，这最终将导致改变和拯救物种灭绝。A. equality平等；B. peace和平；C. change改变；D. agreement同意。根据后文“and save species from extinction”可知他们的行为最终将带来改变，拯救物种灭绝。故选C。
第五部分 单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
请根据汉语意思及首字母将单词的完整形式写在答题卡上。
31. flexibly
考查副词。句意：他无法灵活地处理这些问题。根据汉语和首字母提示可知，flexibly灵活地，副词作状语修饰动词短语deal with。故填flexibly。
32. targeted
考查语态。句意：这部剧显然是以年轻人为目标的。根据首字母以及汉语提示，空处应用动词target，表示“以……为目标”，与主语the show之间是被动关系，所以空处应用动词的过去分词形式，与is构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填targeted。
33. rescued
考查动词和时态。句意：去年夏天，他救了一个溺水的孩子。根据首字母以及汉语提示，空处应用动词rescue，表示“营救”，根据时间状语last summer可知，句子使用一般过去时，动词应用过去式形式。故填rescued。
34. permits
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：人类的语言可以进行任何交流。根据汉语和首字母p提示可知，permit允许，动词作谓语；本句陈述事实，谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是单数，谓语动词需用单数。故填permits。
35. greetings
考查名词。句意：他们在广播开始时互致问候。根据首字母和汉语提示，空处应用名词greeting，表示“问候”，使用名词的复数形式表示泛指，作动词exchanged的宾语。故填greetings。
36. guarantee
考查动词。句意：辛勤工作可以保证演出取得好结果。根据首字母和汉语提示，空处应用动词guarantee，表示“保证”，情态动词can后接动词原形形式。故填guarantee。
37. previous
考查形容词。句意：该软件比以前的版本友好得多。根据汉语提示及句子结构可知，此处应填形容词previous，作定语，修饰名词version，故填previous。
38. generous
考查形容词。句意：她通常很害羞，但她很慷慨，从不犹豫地提供帮助。根据汉语提示及句子结构可知，此处应填形容词generous，作表语，故填generous。
39. concerns
考查名词。句意：我关心的主要问题之一是如何处理与同学的关系。根据单词首字母以及汉语提示“担心”可知应填名词concern，此处为短语one of+可数名词复数。故填concerns。
40. impression
考查名词。句意：约翰是一个文静而有礼貌的年轻人，在面试中留下了良好的印象。根据首字母以及汉语提示，空处应用名词impression，表示“印象”，作动词made的宾语。故填impression。
【答案】41. earliest 42. Constructed 43. a 44. to play 45. and 46. Moving 47. as 48. achievements 49. has been 50. which##that
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍照壁从古至今的功能变化。
1. 考查形容词最高级。句意：照壁最早的形式出现在西周王朝。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处表示“最早的形式”，故填形容词最高级earliest，作定语，修饰名词form，故填earliest。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了服务于地位象征的功能而构建，照壁只由社会地位最高的成员拥有。根据句子结构可知，设空处应填非谓语动词。zhaobi与construct是动宾关系，故用过去分词constructed，作状语。位于句首，开头字母大写，故填Constructed。
3. 考查冠词。句意：在一个建筑物外看到照壁会让路人知道这是一个极其重要的人的住所。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处表示“在一个建筑物外”，表泛指，应用不定冠词。building以辅音音素开头，故填a。
4. 考查不定式。句意：随着时间的流逝，照壁有了一个更抽象的目的，逐渐在风水原理中发挥作用，风水是一种专注于实现万物和谐与平衡的做法。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语come to do sth.，表示“逐渐做某事”，故填不定式，故填to play。
5. 考查连词。句意：随着时间的流逝，照壁有了一个更抽象的目的，逐渐在风水原理中发挥作用，风水是一种专注于实现万物和谐与平衡的做法。根据句意及句子结构可知，harmony与balance是并列关系，故用并列连词and连接，故填and。
6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：随着时间的流逝，照壁更像是一种艺术表达和创造力的形式，墙上出现了代表运气和好运的诗歌，绘画和人物。根据句意及句子结构可知，设空处应填非谓语动词。逻辑主语zhaobi与move是主谓关系，故填现在分词moving，位于句首，开头字母大写，故填Moving。
7. 考查介词。句意：一些家庭甚至用照壁作为画布来讲述他们的家族历史和成就。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语use sth. as…，表示“把……当做……使用”，故填as。
8. 考查名词的数。句意：一些家庭甚至用照壁作为画布来讲述他们的家族历史和成就。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处表示“用照壁讲述家族的成就”，表泛指，故用可数名词复数achievements，故填achievements。
9. 考查时态。句意：通过演变和调整其功能，照壁自诞生以来一直是中国悠久历史的沉默旁观者。根据句意及时间状语since its birth可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示从过去一直延续到现在。主语zhaobi是单数，助动词用has，故填has been。
10. 考查定语从句引导词。句意：这种通过转型而长寿的国家很像中国本身，这个国家非常尊重自己的历史，但也拥抱现代化和进步。根据句意及句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句。缺少的引导词指代先行词a country，并在从句中作主语，故用which或that引导，故填which/that。
【答案】范例：
Mountaineering is the sport of climbing mountains, and it involves challenge and perseverance. It consists of 3 phases: hiking, rock climbing, and snow and ice techniques. Each phase calls for a different set of skills. Being a risky activity with many potential dangers, it may claim climbers’ lives. Still, it attracts many climbers who do enjoy the sheer joy of climbing itself. (62词)
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍登山这项运动，登山的阶段及面临的困难和危险。
1. 要点摘录
①Mountaineering is the sport of climbing mountains — it’s all about challenge and perseverance, putting hands and feet on rocks, ice, and snow, and finally reaching a summit.
②There are three separate phases (阶段) of mountain climbing: hiking, rock climbing, and snow and ice technique.
③Mountain climbing is a risky activity where you may encounter various dangers.
④Yet, despite all this, the mountains draw climbers who love the natural world and possess an adventurous spirit.
2. 缜密构思
将1、2两个要点进行重组，将3、4两个要点进行整合。
3. 遣词造句Mountaineering is the sport of climbing mountains involving challenge and perseverance, which consists of 3 phases: hiking, rock climbing, and snow and ice techniques.
Although mountain climbing is a risky activity where you may encounter various dangers, it still draws climbers who love the natural world and possess an adventurous spirit.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Being a risky activity with many potential dangers, it may claim climbers’ lives. (运用现在分词Being作状语，对原文最后一段前半部分内容进行总结)
[高分句型2] Still, it attracts many climbers who do enjoy the sheer joy of climbing itself. (运用who引导定语从句对原文最后一段后半部分内容进行总结)
【答案】范例：
Notice
In accordance with the requirements of epidemic prevention and control measures, regular nucleic acid testing shall be conducted.
Everyone shall submit to the test twice a week, the interval time between which should be over 48 hours. You can get tested at the Xingguang Square anytime between 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. on Monday through Saturday.
Please show the staff your passport or health code for registration. For the sake of your safety, make sure to keep the social distance and wear a mask. And do leave the sampling site as soon as the test is done. (97 词)
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为光明社区的外国人写一则定期核酸检测的通知。
1. 词汇积累
根据：in accordance with→according to
超过：over→more than
确保：make sure→be sure
完成：done→finished
2. 句式拓展
句型转换
原句：Please show the staff your passport or health code for registration.
拓展句：Please show the staff your passport or health code for registration, when you make yourself tested.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】Everyone shall submit to the test twice a week, the interval time between which should be over 48 hours.（运用了“介词+which”引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】And do leave the sampling site as soon as the test is done.（运用了as soon as引导的时间状语从句）