人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration达标测试

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十一　Unit 4　Discovering Useful Structures

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

1. There are many kinds of recreational facilities(facility) in our school.

2. They had sufficient(sufficiency) food to sustain life.

3. While sleeping, astronauts must attach themselves to something to prevent floating(float) around.

4. She solved the problem in an intelligent (intelligence) way.  

5. Yet, they are not as universal (universe)as we think.

6. What can go around the earth without rockets(rocket)?

7. John Glenn, the American who first orbited(orbit) the Earth, was welcomed with 3, 529 tonnes of ticker tape when he got back.

8. But I want to be strong and independent(independence) one day.

9. Keeping your muscles(muscle) strong helps you to avoid back problems.

10. He leaped (leap)forward and caught the ball.

Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示用短语完成句子

1. Make sure that your boss know you are keen to (热衷做某事)be promoted.  

2. This course will describe each of the planets in our solar system(太阳系).  

3. You should recognize the current situation(当前的形势).  

4. The scenery on the top is beyond description(难以描述).  

5. She studied hard in the hope of(怀着……的希望)being admitted into the key university.  

6. They desired to visit their teacher(渴望去拜访他们的老师).  

7. Only by working hard can we succeed in doing everything(成功做好每件事).  

8. Make sure(确保) that you find the answers to these questions from them.  

9. It makes you want to watch the next episode to find out(弄明白) what’s going to happen.  

10. I worked hard only to fail(结果竟然失败了)at last.  

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

(2019·长沙高一检测)

A new study suggests that dark markings on the planet Mars represent sand—not water. The research in 2015 suggested that lines on some Martian hills were evidence of water. Yet American scientists now say these lines appear more like dry, flows of sand. If water is present, it is likely to be a small amount. Water in liquid form would be necessary for microbial(微生物的) life.

NASA, the American space agency, said more research is needed. Michael Meyer is the lead scientist for NASA’s Mars exploration programme. He noted that the latest study does not reject the presence of water. But he admitted, “It just may not be as exciting as the idea of rivers going down the sides of cliffs(悬崖). ”

The new findings come from a team led by Colin Dundas of the United States Geological Survey. His team measured 151 of these lines in 10 areas. Most of the lines end with slopes between 28 degrees and 35 degrees. These measurements are similar to active sand dunes(沙丘) on both Mars and Earth. A small covering of dust that moves and sometimes becomes lighter might help explain the markings. They usually appear in the Martian summertime, and then disappear until the next year. If these lines are dry, this suggests that recent Mars has not had large volumes of liquid water. Dundas and his research team say that many questions remain.

“I still think that Mars has a great potential for having had life early on in its history, ” Meyer said. “As long as that’s true, we also have a reasonable possibility of life still being on Mars. It just happens to be cryptic or well hidden. ”

NASA currently has no robotic vehicle—either on Mars or in development—with the ability to climb steep slopes. The lack of such equipment has engineers coming up with ideas like Martian helicopters or planes without pilots.

【文章大意】本文主要讲述了美国科学家的一项新的研究发现: 火星上黑色的标记是沙子而不是水。

1. What do American scientists find on Mars now according to their study?

A. A lot of little life. 　　B. An amount of water.

C. Some Martian hills.  D. Dark markings are sand.

【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知, 科学家发现火星上的黑色标记是沙子不是水。故选D。

2. When do the markings come out?

A. In Martian spring.   B. In Martian summer.

C. In Martian autumn.  D. In Martian winter.

【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第三句可知, 这样的标记会出现在火星的夏季。故选B。

3. What’s Meyer’s opinion about having life on Mars?

A. Doubtful.   B. Trustful.

C. Indifferent.  D. Objective.

【解析】选B。观点态度题。根据第四段内容可推知, Meyer还是相信火星上有生命。故选B。

4. What does the underlined word “cryptic” in Paragraph 4 mean?

A. Undiscovered.  B. Strange.

C. Magical.    D. Icy.

【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据句中的or well hidden可知, cryptic的意思是“隐藏的; 没被发现的”。故选A。

Ⅱ. 完形填空

　　阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。

　　Tom came from France. It was his first visit to England, and he was looking forward to his first journey on London’s Underground Railway. And against his friends’ 　1　, he was determined to travel　2　.  

He entered the station shortly after five o’clock in the afternoon. This is a　3　time to travel in London, 　4　crowds of people go home from work at this hour. He　5　to join a long line of people waiting for tickets. When at last his 　6　came, he had some difficulty in making himself understood by the ticket seller. 　7　, he got the right ticket in the end and by asking people the way, he also found the right platform (月台). It was　8　with people.  

Unfortunately, he did not　9　to get on the first train, but he was able to move nearer to the platform so as to be in a better　10　to get on the next one. When this train came in, Tom was 　11　forward onto the train by the push of people from behind. The doors closed and the train moved off. He was unable to see the　12　of the stations where the train　13　but he knew that the station he wanted was the sixth stop along the line. When the train reached the sixth station, Tom got off, feeling 　14　that his journey had been so easy. But he suddenly realized that he had come to a station he had never　15　. He explained his trouble to a man who was standing on the platform. With a smile on his face, he told Tom that he had caught a train going in the opposite(相反的) direction.  

【文章大意】本文记叙了Tom决定不听从朋友的建议, 独自去伦敦游玩, 途中经历重重困难, 结果还坐错了车的故事。

1. A. thought　　B. advice　　C. relation　　D. favour

【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。 thought想法; advice建议; relation关系; favour帮忙。结合上下文可知, 这是Tom 第一次去伦敦玩, 他盼望着伦敦的地铁之旅, 所以没有听朋友的建议(advice), 决定单独行动。故选B。

2. A. along  B. abroad  C. alone D. away

【解析】选C。考查副词辨析。along一起;  abroad在国外; alone独自; away离去。Tom 盼望着伦敦的地铁之旅, 所以没有听朋友的建议, 决定单独(alone)行动。故选C。

3. A. short  B. terrible  C. possible  D. certain

【解析】选B。考查形容词辨析。short短的; terrible糟糕的; possible可能的; certain必然的。Tom 在五点后上的地铁, 这是一个糟糕的(terrible)出行时间, 因为赶上了下班的晚高峰。故选B。

4. A. but B. and  C. so D. because

【解析】选D。考查连词辨析。but但是; and并且; so因此; because因为。结合上下文可知, 下午五点不适合坐地铁, 因为(because)很多人在这个时间下班回家。故选D。

5. A. planned B. hoped C. expected D. had

【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。planned计划; hoped希望; expected期待; had不得不。因为赶上晚高峰, 所以 Tom 不得不(have to)排长队等着买票。故选D。

6. A. turn  B. time  C. chance  D. luck

【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。turn轮次; time时间; chance机会; luck运气。结合上下文可知, 好不容易轮到(turn)Tom 买票了, 他却发现他听不懂售票员说什么。故选A。

7. A. Besides B. Instead

C. However D. Hopefully

【解析】选C。考查副词辨析。Besides除此之外; Instead反而; However然而; Hopefully有希望地。结合下文可知, Tom 听不懂售票员说什么, 然而(however)他最后还是买对票了。故选C。

8. A. seized B. caught C. covered  D. crowded

【解析】选D。考查词语辨析。seized 逮捕; caught抓住; covered覆盖; crowded拥挤。结合上下文可知, 月台上挤满(crowded)了人, 所以 Tom 没能上去。故选D。

9. A. agree  B. try  C. manage  D. expect

【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。agree同意; try尝试; manage成功(做成); expect期待。结合下文 “ to get on the next one” 可知, 第一班地铁里挤满了人, 所以 Tom 没有成功(manage)挤上去, 要等下一班地铁。故选C。

10. A. position  B. state  C. situation D. seat

【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。position位置; state状况; situation情况; seat座位。结合上下文可知, Tom 虽然没能挤上第一班地铁, 但是他往前移动了一些, 这样就有了好位置(position)能挤上下一班地铁了。故选A。

11. A. swept B. fought C. took  D. brought

【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。swept 打扫, 横扫; fought战斗; took带走; brought带来。结合上下文可知, 第二班地铁来了之后, Tom 直接被后面的人横扫(sweep)到车里了。故选A。

12. A. signs B. names C. points D. numbers

【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。signs标志; names名字; points要点; numbers数字。Tom 被人群挤上了车, 他还没来得及看各站的名称(name), 但是他知道是要去第六站。故选B。

13. A. left B. moved C. started D. stopped

【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。left留下; moved 移动; started开始; stopped停下。结合上下文可知, Tom 被人群挤上了车, 他还没来得及看那些会停车(stop)地的站名。故选D。

14. A. sick  B. pleased  C. sorry D. tired

【解析】选B。考查形容词辨析。sick病的;  pleased高兴的; sorry抱歉的; tired疲惫的。Tom 在第六站下了车, 感到很高兴(pleased), 因为他的旅程是如此容易。故选B。

15. A. talked about B. heard of

 C. thought of   D. arrived at

【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。talked about谈论; heard of听说; thought of想出; arrived at到达。结合下文 “ he had caught a train going in the opposite direction” 可知, Tom 并没有到他要去的那个站, 而是到了一个没听说过(hear of)的站。故选B。

Ⅲ. 语法填空

(2019·深圳高一检测)

I once found that helping someone could get you into a lot of trouble.

I was in the 1. ________(nine) grade at the time, and we were having a final test. During the test, the girl 2. ________(sit) next to me whispered something, but I didn’t understand. Finally I found that she was trying to ask me 3. ________I had an extra pen. She showed me that 4. ________(her) was out of ink and would not write. I happened to have an extra one, so I put it on her desk.  

Later, after the test papers had been turned in, the teacher 5. ________(ask) me to stay in the room when all the other students were dismissed. As soon as we were alone she began to talk to me about how important it was 6. ________(stand) on my own two 7. ________(foot) and be responsible for my own acts. For a long time, she talked about honesty and emphasized the fact that 8. ________people do something dishonest, they are really cheating themselves. She made me promise that I would think 9. ________(serious) about all the things she had said, and then she told me I could leave. I walked out of the room wondering why she had chosen to talk to me

10. ________all those things.  

Later on, I found out that she thought I had cheated in the test.

【文章大意】考试中一同学向我借笔, 老师误以为考试作弊对我进行了教育。

1. 【解析】ninth。考查序数词。此处指“九年级”, 定冠词the修饰序数词, 故填ninth。

2. 【解析】sitting。考查现在分词。句中谓语是whispered, 现在分词作定语指坐在我旁边的女孩, 故填sitting。

3. 【解析】if/whether。考查宾语从句。句意: 我发现她问我是否有多余的笔。根据动词ask和语境可知填“是否”if/whether。

4. 【解析】hers。考查代词。此处指“她的笔”, 相当于her pen, 应用名词性物主代词, 故填hers。

5. 【解析】asked。考查动词时态。全文讲述的是过去发生的事, 谓语动词用一般过去时。故填asked。

6. 【解析】to stand。考查动词不定式。句中it是形式主语, 不定式作真正的主语。故填to stand。

7. 【解析】feet。考查名词复数。此处由two修饰, 即指“两只脚”, 应用foot的复数形式。故填feet。

8. 【解析】when。考查连词。分析句意可知, 当人们做一些不诚实的事情时, 他们实际上是在欺骗自己。故填when。

9. 【解析】seriously。考查副词。此处修饰动词think要用副词, 指“认真地想”。故填seriously。

10. 【解析】about。考查介词。分析句意可知, 我不知道为什么老师和我谈论这么多关于作弊的事情。故填about。

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