所属成套资源:2023年新高考英语写作专题全攻略
专题14 读后续写修辞手法-备战2023年新高考英语写作全攻略
展开新高考英语写作全攻略专题14 读后续写修辞手法一、比喻比喻是一种常见的修辞方法,其心理基础是对世间万物某些共同特点的联想。若将英语和汉语做对比,我们会发现许多相似之处:如都以绵羊比喻温顺,以钢铁比喻坚强,用狐狸比喻狡猾等。还有不少成语和习语中的比喻简直不谋面合,如“火上加油” (add fuel to the flames);“晴天霹雳” (a bolt from the blue);“空中楼阁” (castles in the air); “滴水穿石” (constant dropping wears the stone);“鸿毛” (as light as a feather);“像狐理一样狡猾” (as cunning as a fox);"雨后春笋"(spring up like mushrooms)等。但是由于各个民族的自然环境、社会文化背景和风俗习惯不同,比喻各有特色。例如,我们用“四面楚歌”来比喻处境孤立,而英国人没有这个历史故事,也没有这个比喻,英语里用meet one’s Waterloo来形容遭到惨败,这样的比喻也不可能出现在汉语里。比喻修辞手法中最常见的就是明喻(simile)和暗喻(metaphor)。1. 明喻修辞格(simile)明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比,这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性,常带有比喻词。如 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to等。另外,在英语中也常用...as...结构来表现明喻这种修辞手段,如:(as) light as a feather (轻如鸿毛), (as) strong as a horse(强壮如马), (as) cool as a cucumber (泰然自若)。练习:找出下列句子中的明喻修辞。1) New China is like a red sun rising in the east.2) He got out of the water as fast as lightning and climbed up a tree.3) She spoke hurriedly, as if her heart had leaped into her throat. 2. 暗喻修辞格(metaphor)暗喻也是对两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比,但与明喻不同的是暗喻的本体和喻体之间多通过be 动词来联系,属于喻体直述式。比如:Life is an unexplored river, full of twists and turns, great beauty and dangerous surprises. 但喻体半隐或全隐时,也可通过动词或形容词来连接本体与喻体。如:A heavy silence blanketed the room.练习:翻译下列句子。1) 在驾驶考试之前,他紧张得像热锅上的蚂蚁。(a cat on hot bricks)________________________________________________________________________________________2) 足球像野火一样迅速传遍美国。(wildfire)________________________________________________________________________________________3) 大学就是人生长句中的一个逗号。(comma)________________________________________________________________________________________ 二、夸张(hyperbole)夸张修辞手法是为了强调而故意夸大事实,在数量、形状或程度上加以渲染以增强表达效果,用来抒发作者或说话人的强烈感情。其特点是对表达对象进行有违常识或不合逻辑的夸张性描写,以此来取得强烈的修辞效果。常用于文学作品和日常生活中。试比较:一般表达方式 夸张Thank you. / Thanks. VS Thanks a million.John is a good second baseman. VS John is the greatest second baseman in the world.They laughed heartily. VS They almost died laughing.I’m hungry. VS I’m starving. 练习:翻译下列句子。1)(外面)正下着滂沱大雨。(cat, dog)________________________________________________________________________________________2) 我的脚痛死了。(kill)________________________________________________________________________________________3) 她泪如泉涌。(weep)________________________________________________________________________________________ 三、拟人(personification)拟人这种修辞格是把无生命的东西当做有生命的东西来描写,赋予各种“物”以人的言行或思想感情,这样就可以使表现对象的特征更为突出感人。适当地采用拟人化手法,能增强表达的的感染力和生动性,使被描写对象栩栩如生、活灵活现。拟人本质上是一种暗喻。可用动词、名词、形容词、副词和代词来进行拟人描写。在拟人修辞格中,常用人称代词 she, he等代替非人的东西。如:用she, her代替moon, nature, country, earth, cat, morning等;用he、his、him代替sun, god, ocean, war, pine, death等。练习:分析下列句子中的拟人修辞。1) China will always do what she has promised to do.2) The flowers nodded in the breeze.3) Thirsty soil drank in the rain.4) Her eyes danced with great vivacity. 四、平行结构(parallelism)平行结构,也称“排比”或者“平行构造”(parallel structure)。这种修辞法是把结构相同或相似、意思相关、语气一致的几个词语或句子井列使用,以加强语言的气势,突出强调内容,表达强烈的感情。英语中的平行结构是指两个或者以上对等词句的结构,结构上整齐匀称、节奏明快,读起来铿锵有力。常见的并列连词有and, but, as well as, or, both...and..., neither...nor..., either...or..., not only...but also..., than, rather than等等。例如:1) The more I realized we were in the beginning stages of a boom, the more Xerox machines I sold. The more I sold, the more money I made, and, of course, the more deductions there were from my paycheck.2) We shall fight him by land. We shall fight him by sea. We shall fight him in the air.3) Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and success of liberty.练习:翻译下列句子。1) 宁愿站着死,绝不跪着生。(better...than, knee)________________________________________________________________________________________2) 读书足以怡情,足以博彩,足以长才。(server, ornament)________________________________________________________________________________________3) 她是个智力贫乏、不学无术、喜怒无常的女人。(mean, temper)________________________________________________________________________________________