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人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 Diverse Cultures精练
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这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 Diverse Cultures精练，共18页。
Unit 3 Diverse Cultures测试卷
（A卷基础卷）解析版
【新人教版】
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Welcome to Los Angeles. Here are some best things to do in Los Angeles (LA) with your kids.
Fall at the Beach
Thanks to its almost perfect weather all through the year, a visit to the beach is one of the best things to do when in Los Angeles with kids. While they enjoy themselves nearby, you can simply relax and have a good rest in the sun.
Trip to Disneyland
A trip to the City of Angels with your little angels is incomplete without a visit to the Magic Kingdom. The joy they'll feel from being around all those Disney characters will light up your day, too.
Visit to the museums
If you want to turn your stay in LA into an educational one for your kids, you should visit the museums. Starting with the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, or the California Science Center, or even the Kidspace Museum in Pasadena, you have many choices. I'm sure a visit to all these places will make your kids feel smarter.
Visit to the Universal Studios Hollywood
Your kids could get to see interesting things from some of the most popular movies ever. From the theme park of Jurassic Park to Wisteria Lane from the TV play Desperate Housewives, the Universal Studios Hollywood is a place that we all find wonderful.
1. The passage is written for those who ______.
A. will go on a business trip to Los Angeles
B. plan to have a trip to Los Angeles with their kids
C. want to educate their children by traveling abroad
D. are interested in the history and culture of Los Angeles
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查推理判断题。根据第一段Welcome to Los Angeles. Here are some best things to do in Los Angeles (LA) with your kids.可知，文章介绍了在洛杉矶上和孩子们可以做的有趣的事情，所以本文的目标人群是计划带孩子来洛杉矶旅行的人。故选B项。
2. Parents who prefer their kids to learn should choose ______.
A. the Universal Studios Hollywood
B. the Magic Kingdom
C. the museums
D. the beach
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据文章Visit to the museums部分If you want to turn your stay in LA into an educational one for your kids, you should visit the museums.可知，如果父母希望他们的孩子能从旅行中学到知识，应该和他们参观博物馆。故选C项。
3. The writer suggests visiting the beach because ______.
A. children can learn a lot there
B. parents can take a rest there
C. it provides different sports equipment
D. it's the best beach in the world
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据Fall at the Beach部分While they enjoy themselves nearby, you can simply relax and have a good rest in the sun.可知，在海滩的时候，孩子们在附近玩耍，大人们可以简单地放松，在阳光下好好休息一下。故选B项。
B
Beijing Opera, as one of Chinese traditional opera forms, is regarded as the national opera of China and well received all over the world.
Beijing Opera arose in the late 18th century with a history of more than 200 years whose origin can date back to some old local operas, especially the Anhui Opera. It became fully developed and recognized by the mid-19th century. Now it's the biggest kind of opera in China, whose popularity spread all over the country, becoming the most popular dramatic (戏剧的) form on Chinese stage.
There are four basic methods employed in a Beijing Opera performance: chang, nian, zuo, da. Generally speaking, chang means singing, and nian recitation (背诵) and oral communication, while zuo means the facial and body expressions and acting and da is Chinese Kungfu. Beijing Opera also has four main types of performers namely Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou. Sheng and Dan mean the main roles in the opera. The painted face, in Chinese called 'jing', is a name for the role of the man that has some special characteristic or appearance. Chou is easily understood from the role's name as a clown with an ugly appearance, who is to provide light relief and comedy.
In recent years, Beijing Opera has tried to make some changes, including improving the performance quality. Widely spreading all over China with great influence, Beijing Opera contains the spirit of Chinese national culture, but the shortage of funding has become a big problem as the form enters the 21st century. There is no doubt that it is a treasure of Chinese culture!
4. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us?
A. The history of Beijing Opera.
B. The great influence Beijing Opera has on us.
C. Beijing Opera is popular in China.
D. The relationship between the Anhui Opera and Beijing Opera.
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查主旨大意题。第二段主要是介绍了京剧的起源和历史。故选A项。
5. When a performer is saying something to another, which method does it belong to?
A. Chang B. Nian C. Zuo D. Da
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据第三段...and nian recitation and oral communication知道“念就是口头交流”，符合题干的是saying something to another. 故选B项。
6. A funny man whose nose was all white in stage most probably acted the role ________.
A. Sheng B. Dan C. Jing D. Chou
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句Chou is easily understood from the role's name as a clown with an ugly appearance, who is to provide light relief and comedy. 可知：丑相当于一个小丑，给人带来轻松和喜剧。light relief and comedy 对应提干中的funny.故选D项。
7. What will be the future of the Beijing Opera?
A. Very bright. B. Certainly dark.
C. More popular. D. Much uncertain.
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句：...but the shortage of funding has become a big problem... 可知，进入21世纪后，资金短缺问题对京剧来说是一个大问题，所以推出京剧的前景有太多的不确定。故选D项。
C
American culture is unique because it is formed and developed under certain conditions.The major factors contributing to the making of this new nation and the forming of a new culture are the hard environment，ethnic diversity and plural religion，which is quite different from other nations in the world．What is more，these elements are still influencing the American culture．
The early immigrants who were English Puritans settled down in northeast part of America from 1607 to 1892．Frontiers were pushed further west．The frontiersmen looked for a land of rich resources and a land of promise，opportunity and freedom．Actually they looked for a better life．So individualism，selfreliance，and equality of opportunity have perhaps been the values most closely associated with the frontier heritage of America．
In history，people from different countries in the world rushed to America three times．They brought their own culture to America and later on，different cultures were mixed together．Thus the unique American culture was formed，a common cultural life with commonly shared values．
The fundamental American belief in individual freedom and the fight of individuals to practice their own religion is at the center of religious experience in the United States.The great diversity of ethnic backgrounds has produced religious pluralism（多元化）；almost all of the religions of the world are now practiced in the United States．
Nowadays，we can see the continual influence of the three elements in the current American society.American family is typically parents and their unmarried children．Middleaged and elderly people generally do not live with their married children．The people in America have a very strong desire to start a new life in a new place．Quite a number of people change residences every year．The average American moves fourteen times in his lifetime．
8. We can learn from this article that ______ ．
A. the population of the United States includes a large variety of ethnic groups
B. the early immigrants brought about the unique American culture
C. people in the world once rushed to America because of its unique culture
D. the American family members don't get along well with each other
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句 "In history，people from different countries in the world rushed to America three times．"可知历史上来自不同国家的人在三段时期里涌进美国，这给美国的文化带来了种族方面的多元化。故A项。
9. What's the author's attitude towards American culture？ ______
A. He is critical of it． B. He admires it very much．
C. He just states the facts． D. He looks down upon it．
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查推理判断题。作者在文章中客观叙述了影响美国文化的三个主要因素： the hard environment，ethnic diversity and plural religion．并没有发表个人观点，故选C项。
10. The last paragraph is about ______ ．
A. the family structure in American society
B. the influence of the three elements in the current American society
C. the new life style of American family
D. the reason why American people like to change residences
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查段落大意题。根据本段中心第一句 "Nowadays，we can see the continual influence of the three elements in the current American society．"可知本段主要叙述的是美国文化中的三个因素对文化的影响。故选B项。
11. What might be the most suitable title of this article？ ______
A. The Immigrants in America
B. Why American Culture Is Unique
C. The Influence of American Culture
D. Plural Religion and American Culture
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查标题确定题。纵观全文可以看出，文章开篇点题，首句即为文章的主题： American culture is unique because it is formed and developed under certain conditions．然后，全文围绕这一主题展开论述，向我们讲述美国独特文化形成的原因。故选B项。
D
Many Chinese students think American students enjoy more freedom than them at school. But American schools also have their rules. If the students break the rules, they will get punishment, too.
On the first day of a new term, 128 students of Morton High School were sent home for wearing the wrong clothes. There are altogether 1, 200 students in the school. Usually there are 20 students breaking the school dress rule every day. So the headmaster Theresa Mayerik said it was the worst new term she had ever seen.
At Morton High School, studentsˈ favorite clothing such as baggy (宽大的) trousers, low-necked shirts and tank tops (坎肩) is not allowed in classrooms. Some students think they have the right to choose what to wear. But the headmaster doesnˈt think so. "Iˈd be supportive if half the school were sent home, because 99% will get the message that our school is for education." "Freedom" does not mean "free of restrictions (约束)". That is to say there is no total freedom in the world, no matter in the US or in China.
12. Many Chinese students think that ________.
A. American students are very free at school
B. American students are not so clever as them
C. American students donˈt love their school at all
D. there is no freedom in American schools
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。由第一段中的Many Chinese students think American students enjoy more freedom than them at school可知很多中国学生认为，在学校，美国学生比他们享有更多的自由。所以中国学生认为美国学生在学校很自由。故选A项。
13. 128 students of Morton High School were sent home for ________.
A. not finishing their homework
B. being late for school
C. not wearing the right clothes
D. not listening to the teachers in class
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。由第二段中的128 students of Morton High School were sent home for wearing the wrong clothes可知128名莫顿高中的学生因为穿错衣服被送回家。所以128名学生被送回家是因为没有穿正确的衣服。故选C项。
14. What does the underlined word "supportive" mean in Chinese?
A. 高兴的 B. 支持的 C. 害怕的 D. 反对的
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的Some students think they have the right to choose what to wear. But the headmaster doesnˈt think so可知一些学生认为他们有权利选择穿什么，但是校长不这么认为。所以校长反对学生随意着装，那么当孩子穿错衣服被送回家时，校长是持支持态度，即supportive。故选B项。
15. Whatˈs the writerˈs attitude to the school dress rule?
A. Agreeable. B. Disagreeable. C. Not sure. D. Unclear.
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查作者观点态度题。由最后一段中的 "Freedom" does not mean "free of restrictions (约束)". That is to say there is no total freedom in the world, no matter in the US or in China.可知自由不意味着没有约束。也就是说世界上没有完全的自由，不管在美国还是在中国。从这些表达可以看出，作者认为学校关于穿衣服的规定是合理的。即作者同意这个规定。故选A项。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Chinese culture values family bonds(纽带)very much. Family members don’ t just gather during the holidays. In fact, they often live under one roof all year round.
(16) Family in the East and West are very different from each other.
In most East Asian cultures, extended families(大家庭)are common. (17) According to a survey, 90 percent of children in Shanghai and 70 percent of children in Beijing were cared for by their grandparents. Chinese people believe that “ a grandparent is a treasure to their family”.
In many Western countries, most families are nuclear families ( 小家庭) .These are made up of children and their parents.
Besides, the duties parents have toward their children can also be different.
(18) It’ s normal for parents to pay for their children’ s college, help them find a job, or buy them an apartment. Chinese adults also consider their parents’ opinions when making major life decisions.
In most Western countries, however, kids usually move out of the house after they turn eighteen. (19) If they choose to keep living with their parents after becoming an adult, it can be seen as a failure on their part.
While the East cares more about close family bonds, the West values privacy (隐私) and independence. (20) Families will always be a source of love, warmth, and care for people around the world.
A. But in the end, east or west—home is best.
B. But different cultures have different family values.
C. Nuclear families are the most common type in China.
D. Both Easterners and Westerners value quality family time.
E. These families have three or even four generations living together.
F. In China, many parents look after their children all the way into adulthood.
G. Many young people need to take out loans and work part-time jobs to pay for college.
16.【答案】B
【解析】根据下文Families in the East and West are very different from each other.可知，东西方的家庭差异很大。因此推断B项“不同的文化具有不同的家庭价值观”。符合语境，故选B项。
17.【答案】E
【解析】根据上文In most East Asian cultures， extended families （大家庭） are common.可知，在大多数东亚文化中，大家庭很普遍。因此推断E项“这些家庭有三到四代人在一起生活。”符合语境，故选E项。
18.【答案】F
【解析】根据下文It's normal for parents to pay for their children's college, help them find a job, or buy them an apartment.可知，父母为子女的大学付费，帮助他们找到工作或买房是正常的。因此推断F项“在中国，许多父母从小到大都照顾孩子。”符合语境，故选F项。
19.【答案】G
【解析】根据上文 In most Western countries， however， kids usually move out of the house
after they turn 18．可知，但是，在大多数西方国家，孩子通常在18岁以后就搬出房子。因此推断G项“许多上大学的年轻人经常需要借贷和打零工，以支付学费和房租。”符合语境，故选G项。
20.【答案】A
【解析】根据上文While the East cares more about close family bonds， the West values privacy
and independence．可知，东方更关心亲密的家庭纽带，而西方则重视隐私和独立性。因此推断A项“但最后，家是最好的——不论是东方或西方。”符合语境。故选A项。
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Every culture on the planet has certain topics that people avoid discussing. But the taboos (禁忌) of one culture may be very different from those of another. You may be (21) that people from other cultures say what you can't talk about.
Paying attention to what people don't (22) can teach us something important about their culture. Their taboo topics give us clues about what they value, respect or even fear. Topics that are considered too personal or too controversial (有争议的) may also be avoided.
America is full of taboo topics. Usually, during a polite conversation, Americans will (23) both politics and religion. They also avoid talking about racial issues (种族问题).
Why? Because these topics can cause strong opinions and (24) . Americans believe it's best to avoid them—especially at social gatherings.
Many Americans also do not feel (25) talking about their personal income, age or health. (26) , they prefer to make small talks about the weather, sports or common interests.
What do these taboos tell us about American (27) ? For one, they show that Americans place importance on (28) . America certainly isn't the only place that values it. You will find (29) taboos about asking personal questions in many European countries. "This is especially true in Germany", says Hanna Graf, a German living in Shanghai. "In Germany, you are not supposed to ask about other people's personal business," she says. "But there are no (30) rules about what you can't ask; it's just in people's minds."
In Brazil, (31) , almost anything seems open to discussion. "Brazilians talk about all kinds of personal issues," says Mark Quinlan, who grew up in Brazil. But of course, even Brazil has its own taboos. In Brazil, soccer is the one topic that can turn friends into enemies. Brazilians love the sport. Saying anything (32) about soccer can cause big trouble. Even expressing preference for one team over another can be (33) .
Like Brazilians, Australians talk freely about almost anything. However, they do not talk about their personal or business (34) . They prefer to let people judge them by their actions, not their words. Boasting (夸大) your achievements will only make you the (35) of other people's jokes.
And what about your taboos? The next time you have a conversation, pay attention to what isn't said. You might be amazed at what you learn about your own culture.
21. A. excited B. surprised C. fascinated D. relieved
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：你可能会感到惊讶，来自其他文化的人会说你不能说的话。A.excited兴奋的；B.surprised吃惊的；C.fascinated着迷的；D.relieved宽慰的。根据下文“that people from other cultures say what you can't talk about.”可知，此处表示当人们听到有人说你不能说的话的时候会感到惊讶。故选B项。
22. A. stress B. consider C. desire D. discuss
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查动词辨析。句意：注意人们不讨论的东西可以教会我们一些关于他们文化的重要东西。A.stress强调；B.consider考虑；C.desire渴望；D.discuss讨论。根据上一句“You may be (21) that people from other cultures say what you can't talk about.”可知，此处是指关注人们不讨论的话题。故选D项。
23. A. rule out B. take to C. touch upon D. focus on
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析。句意：通常，在有礼貌的谈话中，美国人会排除政治和宗教。A.rule out排除；B.take to带到……；C.touch upon触及，论及；D.focus on专注于。根据前面句子“America is full of taboo topics.”可知，句中“政治和宗教”是美国人禁忌的话题，所以应该是他们排除的话题，故选A项。
24. A. arguments B. interactions C. agreements D. relationships
【答案】
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：因为这些话题会引起强烈的意见和争论。A.arguments争论；B.interactions互动；C.agreements协议；D.relationships关系。前文提到“America is full of taboo topics.美国有很多禁忌话题”可知，“禁忌话题”应该是引起“意见和争论”的话题。故选A项。
25. A. embarrassed B. relaxed C. confused D. disappointed
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：许多美国人在谈论自己的个人收入，年龄或健康状况时也不感到放松。A.embarrassed尴尬的；B.relaxed放松的；C.confused困惑的；D.disappointed失望的。根据后面句子“they prefer to make small talks about the weather, sports or common interests.” 可知，谈论个人收入，年龄或健康状况时，让人不放松，他们更喜欢谈论天气、运动或共同的兴趣。故选B项。
26. A. Besides B. Occasionally C. Frankly D. Instead
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查副词辨析。句意：相反，他们更喜欢谈论天气、运动或共同的兴趣。A.Besides此外，除了；B.Occasionally偶尔；C.Frankly坦率地；D.Instead相反，代替。本空前后两个句子“许多美国人在谈论他们的个人收入、年龄或健康状况时也感到不自在”与“他们更喜欢谈论天气、运动或共同的兴趣。”观点相反。故选D项。
27. A. values B. features C. status D. dreams
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：这些禁忌告诉了我们关于美国价值观的什么？A.values价值观；B.features特征；C.status地位，状况；D.dreams梦想。禁忌话题与价值观有关系。故选A项。
28. A. culture B. independence C. privacy D. freedom
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：首先，它们表明了美国人对隐私的重视。A.culture文化；B.independence独立；C.privacy隐私；D.freedom自由。根据前面句子“Many Americans also do not feel (25) talking about their personal income, age or health.”可知，美国人对于收入、年龄或者健康等个人隐私非常重视。故选C项。
29. A. formal B. unique C. similar D. aggressive
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：你会发现在许多欧洲国家问私人问题也有类似的禁忌。A.formal正式的；B.unique独一无二的；C.similar相似的；D.aggressive侵略的。根据前面句子“America certainly isn't the only place that values it.”可知，此处是指在问及私人问题方面，许多欧洲国家与美国禁忌相似。故选C项。
30. A. specialized B. written C. common D. basic
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：但是，你不能问什么，没有成文的规定。A.specialized专业的；B.written书面的；C.common普通的；D.basic基础的。根据后面句子“it's just in people's minds.”可知，国家并没有成文规定不能问及哪些话题，只是人们的感觉而已。故选B项。
31. A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. anyhow
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查副词辨析。句意：然而，在巴西，几乎任何事情都是可以讨论的。A.moreover而且，此外；B.however然而；C.therefore因此；D.anyhow无论如何。本空后面句子“almost anything seems open to discussion.”与前面讨论的一些禁忌话题是转折关系。故选B项。
32. A. important B. worthless C. magical D. negative
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：对足球说任何负面的话都会引起大麻烦。A.important重要的；B.worthless无价值的；C.magical有魔力的；D.negative消极的，负面的。根据前面句子“In Brazil, soccer is the one topic that can turn friends into enemies.”可知，此处是指在巴西谈论足球时，说一些负面的话会引起大麻烦。故选D项。
33. A. beneficial B. impressive C. dangerous D. emotional
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：即使表达对一个团队的偏爱也可能是危险的。A.beneficial有益的；B.impressive印象深刻的；C.dangerous危险的；D.emotional易动感情的。根据前面句子“Saying anything (32) about soccer can cause big trouble.”可知，这里表示谈论足球时，不管是积极的还是消极的言论都很危险。故选C项。
34. A. achievements B. secrets C. lives D. failures
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：然而，他们不谈论他们的个人或商业成就。A.achievements成就；B.secrets秘密；C.lives生活；D.failures失败。根据后面句子“Boasting (夸大) your achievements will only make you the (35) of other people's jokes.”可知，此处是指澳大利亚人不谈论他们的个人或商业成就。故选A项。
35. A. audience B. designer C. target D. interpreter
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：炫耀你的成就只会让你成为别人笑话的对象。A.audience听众；B.designer设计师；C.target目标，对象；D.interpreter口译员。根据句意可知，故选C项。
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In China, hot pot has a history of over 1,000 years. It first (36) (appear) in the Mongolia area and then became popular (37) the southern part of China during the Tang Dynasty. And now it is still a popular dish for Chinese people.
Chinese hot pot has different flavors, (38) are determined by different weather conditions. The most famous type is known as Chongqing hot pot or Sichuan hot pot. Its flavour follows Sichuan cuisine, containing many seasonings (佐料). However, it is not the same (39) common Sichuan dishes. It is featured by the herbs and spices (40) (use) in the soup base.
In northeastern China, Mongolian hot pot is popular. In northern China, Beijing lamb hot pot is well-known. In southern China, people are more likely (41) (have) seafood hot pot and Hong Kong beef hot pot. Besides, new (42) (kind) of hot pot become popular across China, including "three fresh pot" in Hangzhou, "mixed hot pot" in Shanghai. Now, dry pot (43) (consider) as a new type of hot pot in China. For dry pot, no soup base is added at the very (44) (begin) but it can be added after the meat ingredients are eaten up. (45) (general) speaking, vegetables, chicken and fish are excellent ingredients for dry pot.
36.【答案】appeared
【解析】本题考查时态。分析句子结构，and前后为并列成分，设空处和became为并列的谓语动词，结合时间状语during the Tang Dynasty可知，此处陈述的是过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时。故填appeared.
37.【答案】in
【解析】本题考查介词。结合句意此处表示“在中国南方开始流行”，in the southern part of...意为“在……的南部”，介词in表示在某地范围之内。故填in.
38.【答案】which
【解析】本题考查定语从句引导词。句意：中国火锅有不同的口味，这是由不同的天气条件决定的。分析句子结构，此处为非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，先行词为flavors，指物，因此要用which引导从句。故填which.
39.【答案】as
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：但是，它和普通的川菜不一样。the same as...为固定短语，意为“与……一样”。故填as.
40.【答案】used
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，整个句子的谓语动词是is featured，设空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词herbs and spices；use和herbs and spices为逻辑上的动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填used.
41.【答案】to have
【解析】本题考查固定用法。句意：在中国南方，人们更喜欢吃海鲜火锅和香港牛肉火锅。be likely to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“有可能做某事”，设空处需填动词不定式。故填to have.
42.【答案】kinds
【解析】 本题考查名词复数。分析句子结构，new为形容词，修饰名词，故设空处需填名词。kind为可数名词，根据后文的including "three fresh pot" in Hangzhou, "mixed hot pot" in Shanghai. （包括杭州的“三鲜火锅”，上海的“混合火锅”。）可知，此处不止一种，需用名词复数形式。故填kinds.
43.【答案】is considered
【解析】本题考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：现在，干锅在中国被认为是一种新型的火锅。结合语境，此处陈述客观事实，需用一般现在时；dry pot和consider之间是被动关系，一般现在时的被动语态构成形式是：am/is/are+done；主语dry pot为单数名词，be动词要用is.故填is considered.
44.【答案】beginning
【解析】本题考查固定短语。句意：对于干锅，一开始不添加汤底，但可以在肉食材吃完后添加。at the very beginning为固定短语，意为“在一开始，最初”。故填beginning.
45.【答案】Generally
【解析】本题考查副词。分析句子结构，设空处修饰动词speaking，需用副词形式，generally speaking为固定短语，意为“一般说来”，位于句首，单词首字母需大写。故填Generally.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假定你是李华。你的好友Rick对中国文化非常的感兴趣。他来信希望了解即将到来的端午节，请你给他回信。内容要点：
(1)介绍端午节基本情况 (时间、意义、风俗等)；
(2)邀请他来中国过端午节。
注意：(1)词数 80左右；(2)可以适当增加细节以使行文连贯。
Dear Rick,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Rick,
Knowing that you take a great fancy to Chinese culture, especially the Dragon Boat Festival，I would be more than happy to introduce it to you. The Dragon Boat Festival, one of the most traditional festivals in China, falls on the May 5th in the lunar calendar. People celebrate this festival in memory of Qu Yuan, who was a Chinese poet. Besides, people in China will also hold a variety of activities to honor him, such as dragon boat racing, eating zongzi and so on.
Welcome to China. You will have an unforgettable experience if you come to China before this festival.
Yours , Li Hua
【解析】
【思路点拨】
这是一篇提纲类作文。需要写的内容已经以提纲的形式给出，具体写作细节又有发挥的空间。写作时不要拘泥于对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，谈谈自己的看法和观点，使文章更充实，组成通顺连贯的短文。
【亮点短语】
1.take a fancy to喜欢，爱上；
2.more than非常；
3.fall on降临；
4.in memory of为了纪念；
5.a variety of各种各样的。
【高分句型】
Knowing that you take a great fancy to Chinese culture, especially the Dragon Boat Festival，I would be more than happy to introduce it to you. 我知道你非常喜欢中华文化，特别是端午节，我非常高兴能把这个节日介绍给你。（现在分词Knowing作状语,表主动。）
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要．
Living in a foreign country probably sounds exciting and romantic to you． Just imagine the
noises from the local market or the smell of strange flowers when you leave the house in the
morning． But this doesn't mean that life abroad is easy． When people set foot in a foreign land，
they tend to keep to what is familiar． Becoming a part of the local culture can be the hardest part
of life abroad．
However， in order to get the most of their life abroad， people need to break out of their comfortable routines and explore． The moment you let go of false ideas and stereotypes， you are ready to take your first major step． And more often than not， living in a foreign country can be a
truly life-changing experience．
Even for experienced travellers， it is not as easy as it seems to get used to life abroad． Making the transition from living like a visiting holidaymaker to living like a local takes time． Culture
shock is part of living abroad and hits everyone eventually． The key is not to let it get the better of you．You have to accept that things are not the same as they are at home and，until you get to
that point， try to respectful， patient and humble．
Another problem is that the charm of a foreign life could wear off as time passes by． For most people， a foreign culture appears strange and exciting at first． After all， the main reason for
moving broad is of ten the wish to explore foreign cultures． However， after living in a foreign
country for a while， little things that you once thought were charming begin to annoy you． You
remember how everything ran on schedule back home， how beautiful your hometown was and
how much more relaxed and friendly everyone seemed to be．
So， you'd better understand issues with the local food， or problems with adjusting to the pace of life as you live abroad someday in the future．
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Different from people's assumption that life abroad is full of romance，accepting the new culture and adapting to the new environment is difficult，for the reason that it is time-consuming to overcome culture conflict that one experiences in an unfamiliar environment，and that one is likely to suffer from homesickness．However，in order to make full use of the new culture，it is significant to be open to it and experience it．
【解析】
【高分句型一】
Different from people's assumption that life abroad is full of romance，accepting the new culture and adapting to the new environment is difficult，for the reason that it is time-consuming to overcome culture conflict that one experiences in an unfamiliar environment，and that one is likely to suffer from homesickness．
句意：与人们认为国外生活充满浪漫的假设不同，接受新的文化并适应新的环境是困难的，因为在陌生的环境中经历文化冲突是费时的，而且很可能会使人窒息。
语法点：本句是由that引导的定语从句。
【高分句型二】
However，in order to make full use of the new culture，it is significant to be open to it and experience it．
句意：然而，要充分利用新文化，开放和体验新文化具有重要意义。
语法点：in order to为了，作目的状语。
【写作技巧指导】
概要写作一般要遵循以下步骤：确定主题句；寻找关键词；重构主题句；重组支持句。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
Unit 3 Diverse Cultures测试卷
（A卷基础卷）解析版
【新人教版】
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Welcome to Los Angeles. Here are some best things to do in Los Angeles (LA) with your kids.
Fall at the Beach
Thanks to its almost perfect weather all through the year, a visit to the beach is one of the best things to do when in Los Angeles with kids. While they enjoy themselves nearby, you can simply relax and have a good rest in the sun.
Trip to Disneyland
A trip to the City of Angels with your little angels is incomplete without a visit to the Magic Kingdom. The joy they'll feel from being around all those Disney characters will light up your day, too.
Visit to the museums
If you want to turn your stay in LA into an educational one for your kids, you should visit the museums. Starting with the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, or the California Science Center, or even the Kidspace Museum in Pasadena, you have many choices. I'm sure a visit to all these places will make your kids feel smarter.
Visit to the Universal Studios Hollywood
Your kids could get to see interesting things from some of the most popular movies ever. From the theme park of Jurassic Park to Wisteria Lane from the TV play Desperate Housewives, the Universal Studios Hollywood is a place that we all find wonderful.
1. The passage is written for those who ______.
A. will go on a business trip to Los Angeles
B. plan to have a trip to Los Angeles with their kids
C. want to educate their children by traveling abroad
D. are interested in the history and culture of Los Angeles
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查推理判断题。根据第一段Welcome to Los Angeles. Here are some best things to do in Los Angeles (LA) with your kids.可知，文章介绍了在洛杉矶上和孩子们可以做的有趣的事情，所以本文的目标人群是计划带孩子来洛杉矶旅行的人。故选B项。
2. Parents who prefer their kids to learn should choose ______.
A. the Universal Studios Hollywood
B. the Magic Kingdom
C. the museums
D. the beach
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据文章Visit to the museums部分If you want to turn your stay in LA into an educational one for your kids, you should visit the museums.可知，如果父母希望他们的孩子能从旅行中学到知识，应该和他们参观博物馆。故选C项。
3. The writer suggests visiting the beach because ______.
A. children can learn a lot there
B. parents can take a rest there
C. it provides different sports equipment
D. it's the best beach in the world
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据Fall at the Beach部分While they enjoy themselves nearby, you can simply relax and have a good rest in the sun.可知，在海滩的时候，孩子们在附近玩耍，大人们可以简单地放松，在阳光下好好休息一下。故选B项。
B
Beijing Opera, as one of Chinese traditional opera forms, is regarded as the national opera of China and well received all over the world.
Beijing Opera arose in the late 18th century with a history of more than 200 years whose origin can date back to some old local operas, especially the Anhui Opera. It became fully developed and recognized by the mid-19th century. Now it's the biggest kind of opera in China, whose popularity spread all over the country, becoming the most popular dramatic (戏剧的) form on Chinese stage.
There are four basic methods employed in a Beijing Opera performance: chang, nian, zuo, da. Generally speaking, chang means singing, and nian recitation (背诵) and oral communication, while zuo means the facial and body expressions and acting and da is Chinese Kungfu. Beijing Opera also has four main types of performers namely Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou. Sheng and Dan mean the main roles in the opera. The painted face, in Chinese called 'jing', is a name for the role of the man that has some special characteristic or appearance. Chou is easily understood from the role's name as a clown with an ugly appearance, who is to provide light relief and comedy.
In recent years, Beijing Opera has tried to make some changes, including improving the performance quality. Widely spreading all over China with great influence, Beijing Opera contains the spirit of Chinese national culture, but the shortage of funding has become a big problem as the form enters the 21st century. There is no doubt that it is a treasure of Chinese culture!
4. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us?
A. The history of Beijing Opera.
B. The great influence Beijing Opera has on us.
C. Beijing Opera is popular in China.
D. The relationship between the Anhui Opera and Beijing Opera.
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查主旨大意题。第二段主要是介绍了京剧的起源和历史。故选A项。
5. When a performer is saying something to another, which method does it belong to?
A. Chang B. Nian C. Zuo D. Da
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据第三段...and nian recitation and oral communication知道“念就是口头交流”，符合题干的是saying something to another. 故选B项。
6. A funny man whose nose was all white in stage most probably acted the role ________.
A. Sheng B. Dan C. Jing D. Chou
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句Chou is easily understood from the role's name as a clown with an ugly appearance, who is to provide light relief and comedy. 可知：丑相当于一个小丑，给人带来轻松和喜剧。light relief and comedy 对应提干中的funny.故选D项。
7. What will be the future of the Beijing Opera?
A. Very bright. B. Certainly dark.
C. More popular. D. Much uncertain.
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句：...but the shortage of funding has become a big problem... 可知，进入21世纪后，资金短缺问题对京剧来说是一个大问题，所以推出京剧的前景有太多的不确定。故选D项。
C
American culture is unique because it is formed and developed under certain conditions.The major factors contributing to the making of this new nation and the forming of a new culture are the hard environment，ethnic diversity and plural religion，which is quite different from other nations in the world．What is more，these elements are still influencing the American culture．
The early immigrants who were English Puritans settled down in northeast part of America from 1607 to 1892．Frontiers were pushed further west．The frontiersmen looked for a land of rich resources and a land of promise，opportunity and freedom．Actually they looked for a better life．So individualism，selfreliance，and equality of opportunity have perhaps been the values most closely associated with the frontier heritage of America．
In history，people from different countries in the world rushed to America three times．They brought their own culture to America and later on，different cultures were mixed together．Thus the unique American culture was formed，a common cultural life with commonly shared values．
The fundamental American belief in individual freedom and the fight of individuals to practice their own religion is at the center of religious experience in the United States.The great diversity of ethnic backgrounds has produced religious pluralism（多元化）；almost all of the religions of the world are now practiced in the United States．
Nowadays，we can see the continual influence of the three elements in the current American society.American family is typically parents and their unmarried children．Middleaged and elderly people generally do not live with their married children．The people in America have a very strong desire to start a new life in a new place．Quite a number of people change residences every year．The average American moves fourteen times in his lifetime．
8. We can learn from this article that ______ ．
A. the population of the United States includes a large variety of ethnic groups
B. the early immigrants brought about the unique American culture
C. people in the world once rushed to America because of its unique culture
D. the American family members don't get along well with each other
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句 "In history，people from different countries in the world rushed to America three times．"可知历史上来自不同国家的人在三段时期里涌进美国，这给美国的文化带来了种族方面的多元化。故A项。
9. What's the author's attitude towards American culture？ ______
A. He is critical of it． B. He admires it very much．
C. He just states the facts． D. He looks down upon it．
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查推理判断题。作者在文章中客观叙述了影响美国文化的三个主要因素： the hard environment，ethnic diversity and plural religion．并没有发表个人观点，故选C项。
10. The last paragraph is about ______ ．
A. the family structure in American society
B. the influence of the three elements in the current American society
C. the new life style of American family
D. the reason why American people like to change residences
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查段落大意题。根据本段中心第一句 "Nowadays，we can see the continual influence of the three elements in the current American society．"可知本段主要叙述的是美国文化中的三个因素对文化的影响。故选B项。
11. What might be the most suitable title of this article？ ______
A. The Immigrants in America
B. Why American Culture Is Unique
C. The Influence of American Culture
D. Plural Religion and American Culture
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查标题确定题。纵观全文可以看出，文章开篇点题，首句即为文章的主题： American culture is unique because it is formed and developed under certain conditions．然后，全文围绕这一主题展开论述，向我们讲述美国独特文化形成的原因。故选B项。
D
Many Chinese students think American students enjoy more freedom than them at school. But American schools also have their rules. If the students break the rules, they will get punishment, too.
On the first day of a new term, 128 students of Morton High School were sent home for wearing the wrong clothes. There are altogether 1, 200 students in the school. Usually there are 20 students breaking the school dress rule every day. So the headmaster Theresa Mayerik said it was the worst new term she had ever seen.
At Morton High School, studentsˈ favorite clothing such as baggy (宽大的) trousers, low-necked shirts and tank tops (坎肩) is not allowed in classrooms. Some students think they have the right to choose what to wear. But the headmaster doesnˈt think so. "Iˈd be supportive if half the school were sent home, because 99% will get the message that our school is for education." "Freedom" does not mean "free of restrictions (约束)". That is to say there is no total freedom in the world, no matter in the US or in China.
12. Many Chinese students think that ________.
A. American students are very free at school
B. American students are not so clever as them
C. American students donˈt love their school at all
D. there is no freedom in American schools
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。由第一段中的Many Chinese students think American students enjoy more freedom than them at school可知很多中国学生认为，在学校，美国学生比他们享有更多的自由。所以中国学生认为美国学生在学校很自由。故选A项。
13. 128 students of Morton High School were sent home for ________.
A. not finishing their homework
B. being late for school
C. not wearing the right clothes
D. not listening to the teachers in class
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。由第二段中的128 students of Morton High School were sent home for wearing the wrong clothes可知128名莫顿高中的学生因为穿错衣服被送回家。所以128名学生被送回家是因为没有穿正确的衣服。故选C项。
14. What does the underlined word "supportive" mean in Chinese?
A. 高兴的 B. 支持的 C. 害怕的 D. 反对的
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的Some students think they have the right to choose what to wear. But the headmaster doesnˈt think so可知一些学生认为他们有权利选择穿什么，但是校长不这么认为。所以校长反对学生随意着装，那么当孩子穿错衣服被送回家时，校长是持支持态度，即supportive。故选B项。
15. Whatˈs the writerˈs attitude to the school dress rule?
A. Agreeable. B. Disagreeable. C. Not sure. D. Unclear.
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查作者观点态度题。由最后一段中的 "Freedom" does not mean "free of restrictions (约束)". That is to say there is no total freedom in the world, no matter in the US or in China.可知自由不意味着没有约束。也就是说世界上没有完全的自由，不管在美国还是在中国。从这些表达可以看出，作者认为学校关于穿衣服的规定是合理的。即作者同意这个规定。故选A项。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Chinese culture values family bonds(纽带)very much. Family members don’ t just gather during the holidays. In fact, they often live under one roof all year round.
(16) Family in the East and West are very different from each other.
In most East Asian cultures, extended families(大家庭)are common. (17) According to a survey, 90 percent of children in Shanghai and 70 percent of children in Beijing were cared for by their grandparents. Chinese people believe that “ a grandparent is a treasure to their family”.
In many Western countries, most families are nuclear families ( 小家庭) .These are made up of children and their parents.
Besides, the duties parents have toward their children can also be different.
(18) It’ s normal for parents to pay for their children’ s college, help them find a job, or buy them an apartment. Chinese adults also consider their parents’ opinions when making major life decisions.
In most Western countries, however, kids usually move out of the house after they turn eighteen. (19) If they choose to keep living with their parents after becoming an adult, it can be seen as a failure on their part.
While the East cares more about close family bonds, the West values privacy (隐私) and independence. (20) Families will always be a source of love, warmth, and care for people around the world.
A. But in the end, east or west—home is best.
B. But different cultures have different family values.
C. Nuclear families are the most common type in China.
D. Both Easterners and Westerners value quality family time.
E. These families have three or even four generations living together.
F. In China, many parents look after their children all the way into adulthood.
G. Many young people need to take out loans and work part-time jobs to pay for college.
16.【答案】B
【解析】根据下文Families in the East and West are very different from each other.可知，东西方的家庭差异很大。因此推断B项“不同的文化具有不同的家庭价值观”。符合语境，故选B项。
17.【答案】E
【解析】根据上文In most East Asian cultures， extended families （大家庭） are common.可知，在大多数东亚文化中，大家庭很普遍。因此推断E项“这些家庭有三到四代人在一起生活。”符合语境，故选E项。
18.【答案】F
【解析】根据下文It's normal for parents to pay for their children's college, help them find a job, or buy them an apartment.可知，父母为子女的大学付费，帮助他们找到工作或买房是正常的。因此推断F项“在中国，许多父母从小到大都照顾孩子。”符合语境，故选F项。
19.【答案】G
【解析】根据上文 In most Western countries， however， kids usually move out of the house
after they turn 18．可知，但是，在大多数西方国家，孩子通常在18岁以后就搬出房子。因此推断G项“许多上大学的年轻人经常需要借贷和打零工，以支付学费和房租。”符合语境，故选G项。
20.【答案】A
【解析】根据上文While the East cares more about close family bonds， the West values privacy
and independence．可知，东方更关心亲密的家庭纽带，而西方则重视隐私和独立性。因此推断A项“但最后，家是最好的——不论是东方或西方。”符合语境。故选A项。
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Every culture on the planet has certain topics that people avoid discussing. But the taboos (禁忌) of one culture may be very different from those of another. You may be (21) that people from other cultures say what you can't talk about.
Paying attention to what people don't (22) can teach us something important about their culture. Their taboo topics give us clues about what they value, respect or even fear. Topics that are considered too personal or too controversial (有争议的) may also be avoided.
America is full of taboo topics. Usually, during a polite conversation, Americans will (23) both politics and religion. They also avoid talking about racial issues (种族问题).
Why? Because these topics can cause strong opinions and (24) . Americans believe it's best to avoid them—especially at social gatherings.
Many Americans also do not feel (25) talking about their personal income, age or health. (26) , they prefer to make small talks about the weather, sports or common interests.
What do these taboos tell us about American (27) ? For one, they show that Americans place importance on (28) . America certainly isn't the only place that values it. You will find (29) taboos about asking personal questions in many European countries. "This is especially true in Germany", says Hanna Graf, a German living in Shanghai. "In Germany, you are not supposed to ask about other people's personal business," she says. "But there are no (30) rules about what you can't ask; it's just in people's minds."
In Brazil, (31) , almost anything seems open to discussion. "Brazilians talk about all kinds of personal issues," says Mark Quinlan, who grew up in Brazil. But of course, even Brazil has its own taboos. In Brazil, soccer is the one topic that can turn friends into enemies. Brazilians love the sport. Saying anything (32) about soccer can cause big trouble. Even expressing preference for one team over another can be (33) .
Like Brazilians, Australians talk freely about almost anything. However, they do not talk about their personal or business (34) . They prefer to let people judge them by their actions, not their words. Boasting (夸大) your achievements will only make you the (35) of other people's jokes.
And what about your taboos? The next time you have a conversation, pay attention to what isn't said. You might be amazed at what you learn about your own culture.
21. A. excited B. surprised C. fascinated D. relieved
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：你可能会感到惊讶，来自其他文化的人会说你不能说的话。A.excited兴奋的；B.surprised吃惊的；C.fascinated着迷的；D.relieved宽慰的。根据下文“that people from other cultures say what you can't talk about.”可知，此处表示当人们听到有人说你不能说的话的时候会感到惊讶。故选B项。
22. A. stress B. consider C. desire D. discuss
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查动词辨析。句意：注意人们不讨论的东西可以教会我们一些关于他们文化的重要东西。A.stress强调；B.consider考虑；C.desire渴望；D.discuss讨论。根据上一句“You may be (21) that people from other cultures say what you can't talk about.”可知，此处是指关注人们不讨论的话题。故选D项。
23. A. rule out B. take to C. touch upon D. focus on
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析。句意：通常，在有礼貌的谈话中，美国人会排除政治和宗教。A.rule out排除；B.take to带到……；C.touch upon触及，论及；D.focus on专注于。根据前面句子“America is full of taboo topics.”可知，句中“政治和宗教”是美国人禁忌的话题，所以应该是他们排除的话题，故选A项。
24. A. arguments B. interactions C. agreements D. relationships
【答案】
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：因为这些话题会引起强烈的意见和争论。A.arguments争论；B.interactions互动；C.agreements协议；D.relationships关系。前文提到“America is full of taboo topics.美国有很多禁忌话题”可知，“禁忌话题”应该是引起“意见和争论”的话题。故选A项。
25. A. embarrassed B. relaxed C. confused D. disappointed
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：许多美国人在谈论自己的个人收入，年龄或健康状况时也不感到放松。A.embarrassed尴尬的；B.relaxed放松的；C.confused困惑的；D.disappointed失望的。根据后面句子“they prefer to make small talks about the weather, sports or common interests.” 可知，谈论个人收入，年龄或健康状况时，让人不放松，他们更喜欢谈论天气、运动或共同的兴趣。故选B项。
26. A. Besides B. Occasionally C. Frankly D. Instead
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查副词辨析。句意：相反，他们更喜欢谈论天气、运动或共同的兴趣。A.Besides此外，除了；B.Occasionally偶尔；C.Frankly坦率地；D.Instead相反，代替。本空前后两个句子“许多美国人在谈论他们的个人收入、年龄或健康状况时也感到不自在”与“他们更喜欢谈论天气、运动或共同的兴趣。”观点相反。故选D项。
27. A. values B. features C. status D. dreams
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：这些禁忌告诉了我们关于美国价值观的什么？A.values价值观；B.features特征；C.status地位，状况；D.dreams梦想。禁忌话题与价值观有关系。故选A项。
28. A. culture B. independence C. privacy D. freedom
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：首先，它们表明了美国人对隐私的重视。A.culture文化；B.independence独立；C.privacy隐私；D.freedom自由。根据前面句子“Many Americans also do not feel (25) talking about their personal income, age or health.”可知，美国人对于收入、年龄或者健康等个人隐私非常重视。故选C项。
29. A. formal B. unique C. similar D. aggressive
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：你会发现在许多欧洲国家问私人问题也有类似的禁忌。A.formal正式的；B.unique独一无二的；C.similar相似的；D.aggressive侵略的。根据前面句子“America certainly isn't the only place that values it.”可知，此处是指在问及私人问题方面，许多欧洲国家与美国禁忌相似。故选C项。
30. A. specialized B. written C. common D. basic
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：但是，你不能问什么，没有成文的规定。A.specialized专业的；B.written书面的；C.common普通的；D.basic基础的。根据后面句子“it's just in people's minds.”可知，国家并没有成文规定不能问及哪些话题，只是人们的感觉而已。故选B项。
31. A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. anyhow
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查副词辨析。句意：然而，在巴西，几乎任何事情都是可以讨论的。A.moreover而且，此外；B.however然而；C.therefore因此；D.anyhow无论如何。本空后面句子“almost anything seems open to discussion.”与前面讨论的一些禁忌话题是转折关系。故选B项。
32. A. important B. worthless C. magical D. negative
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：对足球说任何负面的话都会引起大麻烦。A.important重要的；B.worthless无价值的；C.magical有魔力的；D.negative消极的，负面的。根据前面句子“In Brazil, soccer is the one topic that can turn friends into enemies.”可知，此处是指在巴西谈论足球时，说一些负面的话会引起大麻烦。故选D项。
33. A. beneficial B. impressive C. dangerous D. emotional
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：即使表达对一个团队的偏爱也可能是危险的。A.beneficial有益的；B.impressive印象深刻的；C.dangerous危险的；D.emotional易动感情的。根据前面句子“Saying anything (32) about soccer can cause big trouble.”可知，这里表示谈论足球时，不管是积极的还是消极的言论都很危险。故选C项。
34. A. achievements B. secrets C. lives D. failures
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：然而，他们不谈论他们的个人或商业成就。A.achievements成就；B.secrets秘密；C.lives生活；D.failures失败。根据后面句子“Boasting (夸大) your achievements will only make you the (35) of other people's jokes.”可知，此处是指澳大利亚人不谈论他们的个人或商业成就。故选A项。
35. A. audience B. designer C. target D. interpreter
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：炫耀你的成就只会让你成为别人笑话的对象。A.audience听众；B.designer设计师；C.target目标，对象；D.interpreter口译员。根据句意可知，故选C项。
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In China, hot pot has a history of over 1,000 years. It first (36) (appear) in the Mongolia area and then became popular (37) the southern part of China during the Tang Dynasty. And now it is still a popular dish for Chinese people.
Chinese hot pot has different flavors, (38) are determined by different weather conditions. The most famous type is known as Chongqing hot pot or Sichuan hot pot. Its flavour follows Sichuan cuisine, containing many seasonings (佐料). However, it is not the same (39) common Sichuan dishes. It is featured by the herbs and spices (40) (use) in the soup base.
In northeastern China, Mongolian hot pot is popular. In northern China, Beijing lamb hot pot is well-known. In southern China, people are more likely (41) (have) seafood hot pot and Hong Kong beef hot pot. Besides, new (42) (kind) of hot pot become popular across China, including "three fresh pot" in Hangzhou, "mixed hot pot" in Shanghai. Now, dry pot (43) (consider) as a new type of hot pot in China. For dry pot, no soup base is added at the very (44) (begin) but it can be added after the meat ingredients are eaten up. (45) (general) speaking, vegetables, chicken and fish are excellent ingredients for dry pot.
36.【答案】appeared
【解析】本题考查时态。分析句子结构，and前后为并列成分，设空处和became为并列的谓语动词，结合时间状语during the Tang Dynasty可知，此处陈述的是过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时。故填appeared.
37.【答案】in
【解析】本题考查介词。结合句意此处表示“在中国南方开始流行”，in the southern part of...意为“在……的南部”，介词in表示在某地范围之内。故填in.
38.【答案】which
【解析】本题考查定语从句引导词。句意：中国火锅有不同的口味，这是由不同的天气条件决定的。分析句子结构，此处为非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，先行词为flavors，指物，因此要用which引导从句。故填which.
39.【答案】as
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：但是，它和普通的川菜不一样。the same as...为固定短语，意为“与……一样”。故填as.
40.【答案】used
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，整个句子的谓语动词是is featured，设空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词herbs and spices；use和herbs and spices为逻辑上的动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填used.
41.【答案】to have
【解析】本题考查固定用法。句意：在中国南方，人们更喜欢吃海鲜火锅和香港牛肉火锅。be likely to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“有可能做某事”，设空处需填动词不定式。故填to have.
42.【答案】kinds
【解析】 本题考查名词复数。分析句子结构，new为形容词，修饰名词，故设空处需填名词。kind为可数名词，根据后文的including "three fresh pot" in Hangzhou, "mixed hot pot" in Shanghai. （包括杭州的“三鲜火锅”，上海的“混合火锅”。）可知，此处不止一种，需用名词复数形式。故填kinds.
43.【答案】is considered
【解析】本题考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：现在，干锅在中国被认为是一种新型的火锅。结合语境，此处陈述客观事实，需用一般现在时；dry pot和consider之间是被动关系，一般现在时的被动语态构成形式是：am/is/are+done；主语dry pot为单数名词，be动词要用is.故填is considered.
44.【答案】beginning
【解析】本题考查固定短语。句意：对于干锅，一开始不添加汤底，但可以在肉食材吃完后添加。at the very beginning为固定短语，意为“在一开始，最初”。故填beginning.
45.【答案】Generally
【解析】本题考查副词。分析句子结构，设空处修饰动词speaking，需用副词形式，generally speaking为固定短语，意为“一般说来”，位于句首，单词首字母需大写。故填Generally.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假定你是李华。你的好友Rick对中国文化非常的感兴趣。他来信希望了解即将到来的端午节，请你给他回信。内容要点：
(1)介绍端午节基本情况 (时间、意义、风俗等)；
(2)邀请他来中国过端午节。
注意：(1)词数 80左右；(2)可以适当增加细节以使行文连贯。
Dear Rick,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Rick,
Knowing that you take a great fancy to Chinese culture, especially the Dragon Boat Festival，I would be more than happy to introduce it to you. The Dragon Boat Festival, one of the most traditional festivals in China, falls on the May 5th in the lunar calendar. People celebrate this festival in memory of Qu Yuan, who was a Chinese poet. Besides, people in China will also hold a variety of activities to honor him, such as dragon boat racing, eating zongzi and so on.
Welcome to China. You will have an unforgettable experience if you come to China before this festival.
Yours , Li Hua
【解析】
【思路点拨】
这是一篇提纲类作文。需要写的内容已经以提纲的形式给出，具体写作细节又有发挥的空间。写作时不要拘泥于对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，谈谈自己的看法和观点，使文章更充实，组成通顺连贯的短文。
【亮点短语】
1.take a fancy to喜欢，爱上；
2.more than非常；
3.fall on降临；
4.in memory of为了纪念；
5.a variety of各种各样的。
【高分句型】
Knowing that you take a great fancy to Chinese culture, especially the Dragon Boat Festival，I would be more than happy to introduce it to you. 我知道你非常喜欢中华文化，特别是端午节，我非常高兴能把这个节日介绍给你。（现在分词Knowing作状语,表主动。）
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要．
Living in a foreign country probably sounds exciting and romantic to you． Just imagine the
noises from the local market or the smell of strange flowers when you leave the house in the
morning． But this doesn't mean that life abroad is easy． When people set foot in a foreign land，
they tend to keep to what is familiar． Becoming a part of the local culture can be the hardest part
of life abroad．
However， in order to get the most of their life abroad， people need to break out of their comfortable routines and explore． The moment you let go of false ideas and stereotypes， you are ready to take your first major step． And more often than not， living in a foreign country can be a
truly life-changing experience．
Even for experienced travellers， it is not as easy as it seems to get used to life abroad． Making the transition from living like a visiting holidaymaker to living like a local takes time． Culture
shock is part of living abroad and hits everyone eventually． The key is not to let it get the better of you．You have to accept that things are not the same as they are at home and，until you get to
that point， try to respectful， patient and humble．
Another problem is that the charm of a foreign life could wear off as time passes by． For most people， a foreign culture appears strange and exciting at first． After all， the main reason for
moving broad is of ten the wish to explore foreign cultures． However， after living in a foreign
country for a while， little things that you once thought were charming begin to annoy you． You
remember how everything ran on schedule back home， how beautiful your hometown was and
how much more relaxed and friendly everyone seemed to be．
So， you'd better understand issues with the local food， or problems with adjusting to the pace of life as you live abroad someday in the future．
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Different from people's assumption that life abroad is full of romance，accepting the new culture and adapting to the new environment is difficult，for the reason that it is time-consuming to overcome culture conflict that one experiences in an unfamiliar environment，and that one is likely to suffer from homesickness．However，in order to make full use of the new culture，it is significant to be open to it and experience it．
【解析】
【高分句型一】
Different from people's assumption that life abroad is full of romance，accepting the new culture and adapting to the new environment is difficult，for the reason that it is time-consuming to overcome culture conflict that one experiences in an unfamiliar environment，and that one is likely to suffer from homesickness．
句意：与人们认为国外生活充满浪漫的假设不同，接受新的文化并适应新的环境是困难的，因为在陌生的环境中经历文化冲突是费时的，而且很可能会使人窒息。
语法点：本句是由that引导的定语从句。
【高分句型二】
However，in order to make full use of the new culture，it is significant to be open to it and experience it．
句意：然而，要充分利用新文化，开放和体验新文化具有重要意义。
语法点：in order to为了，作目的状语。
【写作技巧指导】
概要写作一般要遵循以下步骤：确定主题句；寻找关键词；重构主题句；重组支持句。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
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