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高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 Diverse Cultures习题
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 Diverse Cultures习题，共20页。
Unit 3 Diverse Cultures测试卷
（B卷提升卷）解析版
【新人教版】
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Hello and welcome to English with Lucy. Today we have another topic: "Four Common British Expressions." Now, before we get started, make sure you connect with me on all my social media, which is right here. You can subscribe to(订阅) my YouTube. You can also like me on Facebook. And for my Chinese followers, I have my Weibo account as well.
Four Common British Expressions:
"A piece of cake."
And this is very similar to "easy-peasy, lemon squeezy," which we've discussed in a former video. And basically, it means very easy. So I might come out of an easy exam saying, "That exam was a piece of cake."
"Break a leg!"
It actually looks really rather cruel, but I promise you it's positive. And "Break a leg!" means "Good luck!" So before a race, before a job interview, before a test, instead of saying "Good luck!," I might say "Break a leg!" Do really well.
"It cost an arm and a leg."
And this basically means something was really expensive. If I say, "My bag cost an arm and a leg," I mean it cost a lot of money.
"To call it a day."
And this means "to end a task." So, for example, "I'm feeling a bit tired. I think I'll call it a day." That means "I think I'll stop here. Let's finish."
Thank you so much for watching this program of "Four Common British Expressions." I hope you like it, and I hope you've learned something.
1. How can Chinese listeners connect with Lucy？
A. With Wechat. B. Through Weibo.
C. On Facebook. D. By YouTube.
【答案】B
【解析】 本题考查细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句And for my Chinese followers, I have my Weibo account as well可知，中国听众可以通过微博和Lucy联系。故选B项。
2. When John went to an English Speech Competition, you should say "______" to him.
A. Break a leg! B. It cost an arm and a leg.
C. To call it a day. D. A piece of cake.
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查判断推理题。根据"Break a leg!"中And "Break a leg!" means "Good luck!" So before a race, before a job interview, before a test, instead of saying "Good luck!," I might say "Break a leg!"可知，当约翰去参加英语演讲比赛时，你应该对他说“Break a leg!（祝你好运）”。故选A项。
3. When the teacher says "Let's call it a day", what does he/she mean?
A. He/She will stop that day. B. He/She feels tired.
C. Class is over. D. It is daytime.
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查判断推理题。根据"To call it a day."中And this means "to end a task."可知，老师的意思是“课结束了”。故选C项。
B
Cross-cultural misunderstandings occur when people from one culture do not understand the actions and behavior of people from another culture. Everyone has experienced that feeling of being socially or culturally “off balance” at some stage. It happens when we enter unfamiliar cultural environments and find that things are strange or different. For example, it can occur when a person begins a new job. Until an employee can operate comfortably and successfully within the social and cultural environment of a new workplace, he cannot be fully effective.
Knowing about the diversity of traditional and cultural backgrounds of our customers and colleagues will not automatically rule out misunderstandings. However, if we do know something about it, we can often take steps to prevent misunderstandings from occurring. It is a matter of being aware of when, where and why a misunderstanding may occur.
There may be a language barrier that can make clear communication difficult. The way we communicate is a common cause of misunderstanding. For example, jokes often rely on a creative use of language and sometimes these can be interpreted in many ways, which may be confusing or even offensive.
Non-verbal behavior and body language can be a source of misunderstanding. For example, eye contact can be considered by some people as overly long and therefore rude.
Addressing customers by their first names may not always be inappropriate. Check with your customers how they like to be addressed.
People from different religious or cultural backgrounds or with personal preferences may have specific dietary requirements. Check their requirements when determining any food menus. Offering alcohol to guests whose religion doesn’t allow them to enjoy can create a tense situation at the beginning of a meal.
4. If a new employee doesn’t perform highly effective, which can be a reason?
A. He can’t understand the working rules well.
B. He is not satisfied with his new occupation.
C. He is not familiar with the new working environment.
D. He usually fails to operate the equipment successfully.
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据文中It happens when we enter unfamiliar cultural environments and find that things are strange or different. For example, it can occur when a person begins a new job. Until an employee can operate comfortably and successfully within the social and cultural environment of a new workplace, he cannot be fully effective.句意是：当我们进入陌生的文化环境，发现事物是陌生或不同的时候，就会发生这种情况。例如，当一个人开始一项新工作时，就可能发生这种情况。除非员工能够在新工作场所的社会和文化环境中舒适、成功地工作，否则他的工作就不会是完全高效的。）可知，如果一个新员工工作不高效，那么很可能是由于他对新的工作环境不熟悉。故选C项。
5. What can a knowledge of the diversity of traditional and cultural backgrounds do?
A. Clear up misunderstandings.
B. Help prevent misunderstandings.
C. Tell us how to predict misunderstandings.
D. Remind us of the existence of misunderstandings.
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据文中Knowing about the diversity of traditional and cultural backgrounds of our customers and colleagues will not automatically rule out misunderstandings. However, if we do know something about it, we can often take steps to prevent misunderstandings from occurring.（了解客户和同事的传统和文化背景的多样性不会自动排除误解。然而，如果我们确实知道一些事情，我们可以经常采取措施防止误解的发生。）可知，了解传统文化和文化背景的多样性能帮助我们阻止误解的产生。故选B项。
6. What would make jokes confusing or even offensive?
A. Rude words used. B. Poor translation.
C. Different understanding. D. Creative thought in them.
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查推理判断题。根据文中For example, jokes often rely on a creative use of language and sometimes these can be interpreted in many ways, which may be confusing or even offensive.（例如，笑话通常依赖于创造性地使用语言，有时可以用多种方式来解释，然而这可能会令人困惑，甚至是冒犯别人。）可知，如果以不同的角度理解笑话的话，这个笑话听起来可能是令人困惑的，甚至可能冒犯别人。故选C项。
7. Which of the following is a proper way to avoid cultural misunderstanding?
A. Use as little body language as possible.
B. Avoid making eye contact when talking.
C. Address customers always by their first names.
D. Offer your guests food according to their requirements.
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查逻辑推理题。根据文中People from different religious or cultural backgrounds or with personal preferences may have specific dietary requirements. Check their requirements when determining any food menus. Offering alcohol to guests whose religion doesn't allow them to enjoy can create a tense situation at the beginning of a meal.（不同宗教或文化背景或个人喜好的人可能有特定的饮食要求。在确定任何食物菜单时一定要确定客人的饮食需求。如果客人的宗教信仰不允许他们喝酒，那么在用餐开始时就给他们提供酒可能会让他们感到紧张。）可推知，如果我们能根据客人不同的文化背景提供给客人不同的事物，这样的话可以有效避免误解。故选D项。
C
Lunch is a part of Chinese culture. When I'm back home in England, I often miss Chinese lunch.
At home, at work, at school, English lunchtime is far from a formal meal of the day. It seems that we can't wait to finish lunch as quickly as possible. People working in the office take out packed sandwiches that are not delicious. Work canteens(餐厅) are crowded with people too busy to eat, rushing to the checkout(收银台) with something in hand so that they can quickly eat up on the way to another meeting. A lot of work in England leaves little time to have our meals and enjoy them. Perhaps this is why so many of us hold such unhealthy relationships with food.
The way we plan our days in England shows we don't care about mealtimes. Meetings, lectures, interviews and so on are all planned from 12 a.m. to 2 p.m. In Beijing lunch often starts from 11:30 p.m. to 1 p.m. And owners of many shops gather in small groups to share a meal, which is hardly seen in England. I have never experienced such a culture where finding time to eat is so important.
In China, food is shared and the time is enjoyed as a moment of get-together in busy days. This is a value and practice we should hold in our lives in England. In China food is not only a necessity(必需品), but also a time for get-together with friends and family, and I love it.
8. Why can't most English people enjoy their lunch?
A. They think British food is terrible.
B. They are anxious to go shopping.
C. They are too busy with work.
D. They have much housework.
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。由文中第二段 The world of work in Britain leaves little time to consume our meals, let alone enjoy them. Perhaps this is why so many of us harbor such unhealthy relationship with food.可知，紧张的日程安排让英国人忽视午餐时间。故选C项。
9. Which does the author like most about Chinese lunch?
A. Its atmosphere B. Its taste
C. Its price D. Its kinds
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。由最后一段中 In China workers or students eat together. Food is shared and the time is enjoyed as a moment of reunion within busy lives. This is a value and practice we should hold more dearly in our lives in Britain.可知，关于中国午餐作者最欣赏的是在一起享用午餐的时候的氛围。故选A项。
10. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A. English people don't take mealtimes seriously.
B. English lunchtime lasts one and a half hours.
C. English people never experience Chinese culture.
D. English people like to get together in groups.
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据第三段第一句The way we plan our days in England shows we don't care about mealtimes.可知，我们在英国的生活计划表明我们不在意吃饭时间。所以，英国人不把吃饭时间当回事。故选A项。
11. What is mainly talked about in the text?
A. The best way to experience Chinese lunch.
B. Lunch differences between China and England.
C. Suggestions of enjoying English culture.
D. The stressful lifestyles of English people.
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查主旨大意题。午餐在中国是件大事，作者体验了中国的午餐时间，又和英国的午餐时间做了对比。故选B项。
D
A British friend told me he couldn't understand why Chinese people love eating sunflower seeds（嗑瓜子）as a snack so much. "I've met a lot of older Chinese and many have a crack in their front teeth, I believe that's from cracking the seeds," he said.
I had never noticed the habit,but once he mentioned it,I suddenly became more aware. I realized that whenever I'm watching TV or typing a report,I always start mindlessly cracking sunflower seeds. My friend doesn't like sunflower seeds,and,to him,it seems unnecessary to work so much just to get one small seed.
When we were young,the whole family would usually get together for Chinese New Year. Then,we all lived close to one another,usually in a small city,and sometimes even neighbors would go door-to-door on Chinese New Year's Eve to check out what every household was making.
I remember my parents would be in the kitchen cooking. Out in the living room,a large table would already be laid out,complete with fancy tablecloth,ready-made dumpling fillings,and dishes full of candy,fruits and sunflower seeds. Some of the dishes were to be offered to our ancestors later,while others were for neighbors and children to eat before the evening feast. I must have learned how to crack sunflower seeds back then. I don't think it's right to criticize one's choice in food or eating habits,no matter how strange they may seem.
It's not only in China. When I went abroad,I found people had all sorts of strange habits when it came to food. In Denmark,they put salted red fish on bread and eat it for dinner,no matter how
much it ruins your breath. They think it's delicacy（美味佳肴），and it's connected to their certain culture. I think it's a wonderful tradition.
12. Why can the British friend not understand when he found Chinese love eating sunflower seeds？
A. Because the seeds are too hard to crack.
B. Because he thinks they art harmful to teeth.
C. Because he doesn't think the seeds are good.
D. Because he doesn't thinks the seeds are worth eating.
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查推理判断题。根据第二段"My friend doesn't like sunflower seeds,and,to him,it seems unnecessary to work so much just to get one small seed. 我的朋友不喜欢葵花籽，而且，对他来说，似乎没有必要为了得到一颗小种子花那么多功夫。"可知当这位英国朋友发现中国人喜欢吃葵花籽时，他不明白因为他认为葵花籽不值得吃。故选D项。
13. What does the writer prove by mentioning Chinese New Year？
A. The families get together for it.
B. Eating sunflower seeds is related to it.
C. The traditions of celebrating it disappear.
D. Children can eat delicious food on that day.
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查推理判断题。根据文章第四段，I remember my parents would be in the kitchen cooking.Out in the living room,a large table would already be laid out,complete with fancy tablecloth,ready-made dumping fillings,and dishes full of candy,fruits and sunflower seeds. 我会记得我父母在厨房里烹饪。在客厅里，一张大桌子已经摆好了，摆满了漂亮的桌布、现成的饺子馅、盛满糖果、水果和葵花籽的盘子。可知，作者提到农历新年证明了嗑瓜子与风俗有关，结合选项，故选B项。
14. What's the writer's attitude to Denmark's way of eating bread？
A. indifferent B. critical
C. understandable D. doubtful
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查作者观点态度题。根据文章最后一段，In Denmark,they put salted red fish on bread and eat it for dinner,no matter how much it ruins your breath.They think it's a delicacy,and it's connected to their culture.I think it's a wonderful tradition. 在丹麦，他们把咸红鱼放在面包上，然后当晚餐吃，不管面包对他们的呼吸有多大的破坏。他们我觉得这是一种美味，而且和他们的文化有关，我认为这是一个很好的传统。可知，作者认为丹麦的方式吃面包是可以理解的。A． indifferent漠不关心的；B．critical批评的；C．understandable理解的；D．doubtful怀疑的。结合选项，故选C项。
15. What idea does the writer want to express in this passage？
A. It is good to form healthy eating habits.
B. Eating habits come from a certain culture.
C. Changing your eating habits will change your life.
D. One kind of food doesn't necessarily suit everyone.
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，It's not only in China.When I went abroad,I found people had all sorts of strange habits when it came to food. 不仅仅是在中国。当我出国的时候，我发现人们在饮食方面有各种奇怪的习惯。可知，饮食习惯来自某一文化，结合选项，故选B项。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
While you are traveling abroad, cultural mistakes are more serious than linguistic mistakes, which can lead to serious misunderstanding and even ill-feeling between individuals. (16)
●Touching Someone
(17) In Mediterranean countries, if you don't touch someone's arm when talking to them or if you don't greet them with kisses or a warm hug, you'll be considered cold. But backslap (拍背) someone who isn't a family member or a good friend in Korea, and you'll make them uncomfortable. In Thailand, the head is considered sacred—never even pat a child on the head.
●Talking Over Dinner
In some countries, like China, Japan and some African nations, the food's the thing, so don't start chatting about your day's adventures while everyone else is digging into dinner. (18) It's not because your group is unfriendly, but because meal times are for eating, not talking.
● Removing Your Shoes or Not
Take off your shoes when arriving at the door of a London dinner party and the hostess will find you uncivilized, but fail to remove your shoes before entering a home in Asia, Hawaii, or the Pacific Islands and you'll be considered disrespectful. So, if you see a row of shoes at the door, start undoing your laces. (19)
Once you are on the ground of a different country, remain highly sensitive to native behavior. (20) And don't feel offended if something seems offensive—like queue jumping. After all, this is a global village, and we are all very different.
A. Personal space varies as you travel the globe.
B. Asians consider removing shoes impolite at home.
C. Never be completely surprised by anything.
D. The linguistic mistake means that someone is not fully expressing his idea.
E. Look out for the following cultural mistakes and try to avoid them.
F. If not, keep the shoes on.
G. You'll be likely to meet with silence.
16.【答案】E
【解析】根据前句 While you are traveling abroad, cultural mistakes are more serious than linguistic mistakes, which can lead to serious misunderstanding and even ill-feeling between individuals.可知当你出国旅行时，文化错误比语言错误更严重，这会导致严重的误解甚至是个人之间的恶感。根据下文主要介绍了需要避免的文化错误，用Look out for the following cultural mistakes and try to avoid them指出：注意下面的文化错误，尽量避免。承上启下，符合文意。故选E项。
17.【答案】A
【解析】根据小标题Touching Someone以及本段的内容可知，在不同的国家，你的一些行为会给当地人带来误解。用Personal space varies as you travel the globe指出：个人空间随你环球旅行而变化。承接主题，进一步解释，符合文意。故选A项。
18.【答案】G
【解析】根据后文It's not because your group is unfriendly, but because meal times are for eating, not talking.可知不是因为你的团队不友好，而是因为吃饭时间是为了吃饭，而不是为了说话。用You'll be likely to meet with silence.指出：你可能会遇到沉默。和本段主题内容吻合，符合文意。故选G项。
19.【答案】F
【解析】 根据本段的小标题Removing Your Shoes or Not可知本段主要介绍鞋子的事。用If not, keep the shoes on.指出：如果不是，请穿上鞋子。做本段的总结最合适。故选F项。
20.【答案】C
【解析】根据后文And don't feel offended if something seems offensive—like queue jumping.可知如果有些事情看起来令人不快，比如插队，也不要觉得被冒犯了。用Never be completely surprised by anything.指出，永远不要对任何事情感到惊讶。连接上下文，符合文意。故选C项。
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Every culture on the planet has certain topics that people avoid discussing. But the taboos (禁忌) of one culture may be very different from those of another. You may be (21) that people from other cultures say what you can't talk about.
Paying attention to what people don't (22) can teach us something important about their culture. Their taboo topics give us clues about what they value, respect or even fear. Topics that are considered too personal or too controversial (有争议的) may also be avoided.
America is full of taboo topics. Usually, during a polite conversation, Americans will (23) both politics and religion. They also avoid talking about racial issues (种族问题).
Why? Because these topics can cause strong opinions and (24) . Americans believe it's best to avoid them—especially at social gatherings.
Many Americans also do not feel (25) talking about their personal income, age or health. (26) , they prefer to make small talks about the weather, sports or common interests.
What do these taboos tell us about American (27) ? For one, they show that Americans place importance on (28) . America certainly isn't the only place that values it. You will find (29) taboos about asking personal questions in many European countries. "This is especially true in Germany," says Hanna Graf, a German living in Shanghai. "In Germany, you are not supposed to ask about other people's personal business," she says. "But there are no (30) rules about what you can't ask; it's just in people's minds."
In Brazil, (31) , almost anything seems open to discussion. "Brazilians talk about all kinds of personal issues," says Mark Quinlan, who grew up in Brazil. But of course, even Brazil has its own taboos. In Brazil, soccer is the one topic that can turn friends into enemies. Brazilians love the sport. Saying anything (32) about soccer can cause big trouble. Even expressing preference for one team over another can be (33) .
Like Brazilians, Australians talk freely about almost anything. However, they do not talk about their personal or business (34) . They prefer to let people judge them by their actions, not their words. Boasting (夸大) your achievements will only make you the (35) of other people's jokes.
And what about your taboos? The next time you have a conversation, pay attention to what isn't said. You might be amazed at what you learn about your own culture.
21. A. excited B. surprised C. fascinated D. relieved
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：你可能会惊讶于来自其他文化背景的人会说一些你不能说的内容。A.excited兴奋的；B.surprised吃惊的；C.fascinated着迷的；D.relieved感到宽慰的。由上文的But the taboos (禁忌) of one culture may be very different from those of another.可知，由于文化差异，当人们听到有人说自己不能说的内容的时候，会感到惊讶。故选B项。
22. A. stress B. consider C. desire D. discuss
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查动词辨析。句意：注意那些人们不讨论的内容，可以教我们一些关于他们文化的重要事情。A.stress强调；B.consider考虑；C.desire渴望，想要；D.discuss讨论。由上文people from other cultures say what you can't talk about可知，talk和discuss同义。故选D项。
23. A. rule out B. take to C. touch upon D. focus on
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析。句意：通常，在一场礼貌的交谈中，美国人会避免谈及政治和宗教。A.rule out排除，取消；B.take to带到；C.touch upon涉及，触及；D.focus on聚焦。由下文的They also avoid talking about racial issues (种族问题).可知，此处表示排除。故选A项。
24. A. arguments B. interactions C. agreements D. relationships
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：因为这些话题会引起强烈的意见和争执。A.arguments争执；B.interactions相互交流；C.agreements协议，同意；D.relationships人际关系。由下文的it's best to avoid them可知，会引起意见和争执的话题需要避免。故选A项。
25. A. embarrassed B. relaxed C. confused D. disappointed
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：许多美国人在谈论他们的个人收入、年龄或健康的时候会感觉不自在。A.embarrassed尴尬的；B.relaxed放松的；C.confused混淆的；D.disappointed失望的。由下文的they prefer to make small talks about the weather, sports or common interests.可知，此处是指不自在。故选B项。
26. A. Besides B. Occasionally C. Frankly D. Instead
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查副词辨析。句意：相反，他们更喜欢谈论天气、体育或共同的兴趣。A.Besides除……之外，况且；B.Occasionally偶尔；C.Frankly坦率地；D.Instead相反。由上文的Many Americans also do not feel (25) .可知，美国人更喜欢谈论禁忌之外的话题。故选D项。
27. A. values B. features C. status D. dreams
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：这些禁忌告诉我们关于美国价值观的什么信息呢？A.values价值观；B.features特征；C.status地位；D.dreams梦想。由下文的For one, they show that Americans place importance on (28) . America certainly isn't the only place that values it.可知，此处显示了美国人的价值观。故选A项。
28. A. culture B. independence C. privacy D. freedom
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：首先，它们表明美国人重视隐私。A.culture文化；B.independence独立；C.privacy隐私；D.freedom自由。根据上文的talking about their personal income, age or health可知，这些是隐私。故选C项。
29. A. formal B. unique C. similar D. aggressive
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：你会发现在许多欧洲国家都有相似的关于问私人问题的禁忌。A.formal正常的；B.unique独特的；C.similar相似的；D.aggressive侵略性的。由上文的America certainly isn't the only place that values it.可知，此处表示很多地方都有这样的禁忌，这是相似的情况。故选C项。
30. A. specialized B. written C. common D. basic
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：但是并没有什么书面规定什么是不能问的，这只是存在于人们的观念中。A.specialized专业的；B.written书面的；C.common普通的；D.basic基本的。由句中的it's just in people's minds.可知，这些禁忌不在书面中，在人们的思想里。故选B项。
31. A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. anyhow
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查过渡词辨析。句意：然而在巴西，几乎任何事情都可以讨论。A.moreover而且；B.however然而；C.therefore因此；D.anyhow总之，无论如何。由句中的almost anything seems open to discussion可知，前后是转折关系。故选B项。
32. A. important B. worthless C. magical D. negative
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：说任何关于足球的消极的话都会导致大麻烦。A.important重要的；B.worthless一文不值的；C.magical魔术的；D.negative消极的。由上文的In Brazil, soccer is the one topic that can turn friends into enemies. Brazilians love the sport.可知，此处表示消极的。故选D项。
33. A. beneficial B. impressive C. dangerous D. emotional
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：甚至表达对一支队伍的偏好也可能是危险的。A.beneficial有益的；B.impressive给人以深刻印象的；C.dangerous危险的；D.emotional情绪的。由上文的Saying anything (32) about soccer can cause big trouble.以及本句中的even可知，此处表达危险的。故选C项。
34. A. achievements B. secrets C. lives D. failures
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：然而，他们不会谈论自己的个人或商业成就。A.achievements业绩，获得；B.secrets秘密；C.lives生活；D.failures失败。根据下文Boasting (夸大) your achievements will only make you the (35) of other people's jokes.可知，此处指谈论自己的成就，故选A项。
35. A. audience B. designer C. target D. interpreter
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：夸大你的成就只会让你成为别人笑话的目标。A.audience观众；B.designer设计师；C.target目标，（攻击的）对象；D.interpreter口译者。根据句意，故选C项。
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys? The answer depends largely (36) cultural values as well as personal experiences.
People's choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies' reactions (反应) toward them. Green is said to be the most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. People (37) (work) in green environment have been found to have (38) stomach aches. To the Egyptians, green was a color (39) represented the hope and joy of spring, (40) for Muslims, it means heaven.
Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. In China, children (41) (give) money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. Red can cause a person's blood pressure to rise and increase people's appetites (食欲). Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. (42) (similar), many commercial websites will have a red "Buy Now" button because red is a color that easily catches a person's eyes.
For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace, (43) (hope) to protect themselves against evils (灾祸). Blue is another calming color. (44) red, blue can cause people to lose appetite. So (45) you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.
36.【答案】on/upon
【解析】本题考查固定短语。句意：答案很大程度上取决于文化价值观和个人经历。depend on/upon是固定短语，意为“取决于，依赖”。故填on/upon.
37.【答案】working
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意：研究发现，在绿色环境中工作的人胃痛较少。主语People与动词work之间为逻辑上的主动关系，因此用现在分词结构作后置定语。故填working.
38.【答案】fewer
【解析】本题考查形容词比较级。结合前句的意思，绿色被认为是最宁静的颜色。它有能力减少痛苦和放松人们的精神和身体。因此此处应表示“很少有胃痛”，few用来修饰可数名词，此处应用比较级fewer表示“较少的”。故填fewer.
39.【答案】】that/which
【解析】本题考查定语从句。句意：对埃及人来说，绿色是代表春天的希望和欢乐的颜色。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为color，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词that或which引导从句。故填that/which.
40.【答案】while
【解析】本题考查连词。句意：而对穆斯林来说，它意味着天堂。结合语境，连词while表示对比关系，意为“而，然而”。故填while.
41.【答案】are given
【解析】本题考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在中国，孩子们会收到装在红包里的钱，以在新的一年里带来好运。句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态；主语children与动词give之间为被动关系，因此应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语children为复数，be动词应用are.故填are given.
42.【答案】Similarly
【解析】本题考查副词。句意：同样，许多商业网站也会有一个红色的“立即购买”按钮，因为红色很容易吸引人的眼球。此处用副词作状语修饰整个句子；设空处位于句首，单词首字母需大写。故填Similarly.
43.【答案】hoping
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意：希腊人经常戴着蓝色的项链，希望能保护自己免受邪恶的侵害。句中逻辑主语Greek people与动词hope之间为主动关系，故用现在分词结构作状语。故填hoping.
44.【答案】Unlike
【解析】本题考查介词。句意：与红色不同，蓝色会让人失去食欲。结合语境可知，此处需用介词unlike，表示“与……不同”；设空处位于句首，单词首字母需大写。故填Unlike.
45.【答案】if
【解析】本题考查状语从句。句意：所以如果你想少吃点，一些人建议用蓝色盘子吃东西会有帮助。根据句意可知，此处表示假设关系，所以本句为if引导的条件状语从句。故填if.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Jack来信说他暑假期间要来中国交流学习，他学了两年中文，但是仍然担心用中文交流时会遇到困难．请你用英语给Jack写封回信，提几点建议，要点如下：
(1)大胆自信； (2)放慢语速； (3)借助图画或肢体语言等表达方式。
注意： (1)字数80左右； (2) 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jack,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Jack,
I am very glad to learn that you are coming to China this summer. As for the problem that you mentioned in your letter, I have some tips for you.
Firstly, just like learning any other foreign language, when learning Chinese, you should not be shy. On the contrary, you should be confident and brave, and try to speak Chinese whenever you can. This is very important. After all, the more you use Chinese, the better you will learn it. Besides, you’d better speak Chinese slowly and clearly. In this way, you can make yourself understood by others easily. Thirdly, if others canˈt understand you, or you don’t know how to express yourself, it is also a good idea to use pictures or body language to help you. I really hope you will find my advice useful and helpful.
Looking forward to seeing you soon!
Yours, Li Hua
【解析】
【思路点拨】
本题为一封书信，回复美国朋友，并给他提几点学习中文的建议。主要内容已经以简单的提纲提示形式给出，但写作时不能仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实。要注意结合来信内容进行恰当回复。必须涵盖给出要点：(1) 大胆自信； (2) 放慢语速； (3) 借助图画或肢体语言等表达方式。同时注意要求的字数限制。
【亮点短语】
1. On the contrary与此相反;
2. make yourself understood 让别人理解你;
3. express yourself表达自我;
4. look forward to doing期盼做某事。
【高分句型】
1.As for the problem that you mentioned in your letter, I have some tips for you.
句意：回复对方信件的必备句式。
语法点：as for “至于”，引起对方所说话题。that引导定语从句修饰problem。
2. I really hope you will find my advice useful and helpful.
句意：我真的希望你能发现我的建议是有用的和有帮助的。
语法点：hope后接一个省略that的宾语从句；find my advice useful and helpful中则使用形容词useful和 helpful做宾语补足语。
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
A monk（和尚） used to live in a hut at a side of a village. He read books all day long, without worrying for food or money. He was a very kind and tender-hearted person. All the villagers greatly admired his noble character. That is why everyone offered him food and wanted to help him.
Once, it was a cold winter. The monk had a fire burning in his hut for warmth. Suddenly, there was a knock at his door. The monk wondered who it could be out at such a cold night, He opened the door and found a fox out there shivering in cold. She spoke, "I live on the hills out there. Heavy snow is falling there, making my life difficult. Please kindly give me a little room in your hut for the night. I will go away in the morning." The monk politely called her in and said, "Don't worry, dear. You can live here as long as you wish." In the warmth of the heated hut the fox felt very comfortable. The monk gave her some bread and milk. The fox quickly ate it and slept in a corner.
In the morning, the fox asked for the permission to leave. The monk told her to come whenever she liked. The fox again came back at the night. The monk talked with her about the day's happenings and gave her some food. After eating, the fox went to sleep.
A few months passed and the season changed. One day the fox said, "You took so great care of me all through the winter, I want to do something for you in return." The monk remarked, "Dear fox, it was my duty to do something for you. Please don't embarrass me by talking in this way." The fox pleaded, "I am not trying to pay back your kindness. I love you and respect you. By doing something for you I will feel a great pride in me. I wish to be of some use to you."
Paragraph 1:
The monk thought for some time and hesitantly said, "I don't need anything. But sometimes I wish I had a piece of gold. ______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
It was now six months since the fox had gone. _____________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
The monk thought for some time and hesitatingly said, "I don't need anything. But sometimes I wish I had a piece of gold. As you know, I have always been relying on the villagers, without whom I would be starving to death. Naturally, it has long been my desire to do something in return for their favor. All I can do is help educate their children. With no access to proper facilities and books, most of the kids in the village stay uneducated. A piece of gold is all I need to equip them with adequate knowledge so that they can have better chances of a bright future." Hearing this, the fox nodded and promised she would see to it that the monk could have what he was longing for. With these words, the fox left in no time.
It was now six months since the fox had gone. The more time went by, the more certain the monk felt that she wouldn't come back. One day, however, there was someone knocking at the door. The monk opened it and much to his astonishment, there stood the fox with a piece of gold in her mouth. She looked much skinnier than he last saw her. Deeply moved, the monk hugged the fox tightly with tears in his eyes. It turned out that the fox spent the last half of a year trying to fulfill her promise and she made it.
【解析】
【原文大意】
本文主要以时间为线索展开。讲述了一个心地善良的和尚救助了一只狐狸，狐狸想报答和尚的故事。
【段落续写】
根据第一段首句内容“和尚想了一会儿，犹豫地说：‘我什么都不需要。但有时我希望我有一块金子’”可知，第一段可描写为何和尚想要一块金子。
根据第二段首句内容“狐狸已经走了六个月了”可知，第二段可描写为狐狸找到金子回来了。
【续写线索】
和尚想要一块金子——狐狸承诺去找金子——狐狸实现诺言——和尚感动流泪
【词汇激活】
行为类
①想要：need/desire/want
②承诺：promise/make a promise/make a commitment
③实现诺言：fulfill one's promise/realize one's promise/keep one's word
④流泪：tears in one's eyes/burst into tears/tears rolling down one's face
情感类
①感动：moved/touched/deeply touched
【高分句型】
1. As you know, I have always been relying on the villagers, without whom I would be starving to death.
句意：如你所知，我一直依赖村民，没有他们，我就会饿死。
语法点：介词加关系代词whom引导定语从句）
2. Deeply moved, the monk hugged the fox tightly with tears in his eyes.
句意：和尚深深地感动了，眼里含着泪水紧紧地拥抱着狐狸。
语法点：过去分词moved作状语。
Unit 3 Diverse Cultures测试卷
（B卷提升卷）解析版
【新人教版】
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Hello and welcome to English with Lucy. Today we have another topic: "Four Common British Expressions." Now, before we get started, make sure you connect with me on all my social media, which is right here. You can subscribe to(订阅) my YouTube. You can also like me on Facebook. And for my Chinese followers, I have my Weibo account as well.
Four Common British Expressions:
"A piece of cake."
And this is very similar to "easy-peasy, lemon squeezy," which we've discussed in a former video. And basically, it means very easy. So I might come out of an easy exam saying, "That exam was a piece of cake."
"Break a leg!"
It actually looks really rather cruel, but I promise you it's positive. And "Break a leg!" means "Good luck!" So before a race, before a job interview, before a test, instead of saying "Good luck!," I might say "Break a leg!" Do really well.
"It cost an arm and a leg."
And this basically means something was really expensive. If I say, "My bag cost an arm and a leg," I mean it cost a lot of money.
"To call it a day."
And this means "to end a task." So, for example, "I'm feeling a bit tired. I think I'll call it a day." That means "I think I'll stop here. Let's finish."
Thank you so much for watching this program of "Four Common British Expressions." I hope you like it, and I hope you've learned something.
1. How can Chinese listeners connect with Lucy？
A. With Wechat. B. Through Weibo.
C. On Facebook. D. By YouTube.
【答案】B
【解析】 本题考查细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句And for my Chinese followers, I have my Weibo account as well可知，中国听众可以通过微博和Lucy联系。故选B项。
2. When John went to an English Speech Competition, you should say "______" to him.
A. Break a leg! B. It cost an arm and a leg.
C. To call it a day. D. A piece of cake.
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查判断推理题。根据"Break a leg!"中And "Break a leg!" means "Good luck!" So before a race, before a job interview, before a test, instead of saying "Good luck!," I might say "Break a leg!"可知，当约翰去参加英语演讲比赛时，你应该对他说“Break a leg!（祝你好运）”。故选A项。
3. When the teacher says "Let's call it a day", what does he/she mean?
A. He/She will stop that day. B. He/She feels tired.
C. Class is over. D. It is daytime.
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查判断推理题。根据"To call it a day."中And this means "to end a task."可知，老师的意思是“课结束了”。故选C项。
B
Cross-cultural misunderstandings occur when people from one culture do not understand the actions and behavior of people from another culture. Everyone has experienced that feeling of being socially or culturally “off balance” at some stage. It happens when we enter unfamiliar cultural environments and find that things are strange or different. For example, it can occur when a person begins a new job. Until an employee can operate comfortably and successfully within the social and cultural environment of a new workplace, he cannot be fully effective.
Knowing about the diversity of traditional and cultural backgrounds of our customers and colleagues will not automatically rule out misunderstandings. However, if we do know something about it, we can often take steps to prevent misunderstandings from occurring. It is a matter of being aware of when, where and why a misunderstanding may occur.
There may be a language barrier that can make clear communication difficult. The way we communicate is a common cause of misunderstanding. For example, jokes often rely on a creative use of language and sometimes these can be interpreted in many ways, which may be confusing or even offensive.
Non-verbal behavior and body language can be a source of misunderstanding. For example, eye contact can be considered by some people as overly long and therefore rude.
Addressing customers by their first names may not always be inappropriate. Check with your customers how they like to be addressed.
People from different religious or cultural backgrounds or with personal preferences may have specific dietary requirements. Check their requirements when determining any food menus. Offering alcohol to guests whose religion doesn’t allow them to enjoy can create a tense situation at the beginning of a meal.
4. If a new employee doesn’t perform highly effective, which can be a reason?
A. He can’t understand the working rules well.
B. He is not satisfied with his new occupation.
C. He is not familiar with the new working environment.
D. He usually fails to operate the equipment successfully.
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据文中It happens when we enter unfamiliar cultural environments and find that things are strange or different. For example, it can occur when a person begins a new job. Until an employee can operate comfortably and successfully within the social and cultural environment of a new workplace, he cannot be fully effective.句意是：当我们进入陌生的文化环境，发现事物是陌生或不同的时候，就会发生这种情况。例如，当一个人开始一项新工作时，就可能发生这种情况。除非员工能够在新工作场所的社会和文化环境中舒适、成功地工作，否则他的工作就不会是完全高效的。）可知，如果一个新员工工作不高效，那么很可能是由于他对新的工作环境不熟悉。故选C项。
5. What can a knowledge of the diversity of traditional and cultural backgrounds do?
A. Clear up misunderstandings.
B. Help prevent misunderstandings.
C. Tell us how to predict misunderstandings.
D. Remind us of the existence of misunderstandings.
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据文中Knowing about the diversity of traditional and cultural backgrounds of our customers and colleagues will not automatically rule out misunderstandings. However, if we do know something about it, we can often take steps to prevent misunderstandings from occurring.（了解客户和同事的传统和文化背景的多样性不会自动排除误解。然而，如果我们确实知道一些事情，我们可以经常采取措施防止误解的发生。）可知，了解传统文化和文化背景的多样性能帮助我们阻止误解的产生。故选B项。
6. What would make jokes confusing or even offensive?
A. Rude words used. B. Poor translation.
C. Different understanding. D. Creative thought in them.
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查推理判断题。根据文中For example, jokes often rely on a creative use of language and sometimes these can be interpreted in many ways, which may be confusing or even offensive.（例如，笑话通常依赖于创造性地使用语言，有时可以用多种方式来解释，然而这可能会令人困惑，甚至是冒犯别人。）可知，如果以不同的角度理解笑话的话，这个笑话听起来可能是令人困惑的，甚至可能冒犯别人。故选C项。
7. Which of the following is a proper way to avoid cultural misunderstanding?
A. Use as little body language as possible.
B. Avoid making eye contact when talking.
C. Address customers always by their first names.
D. Offer your guests food according to their requirements.
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查逻辑推理题。根据文中People from different religious or cultural backgrounds or with personal preferences may have specific dietary requirements. Check their requirements when determining any food menus. Offering alcohol to guests whose religion doesn't allow them to enjoy can create a tense situation at the beginning of a meal.（不同宗教或文化背景或个人喜好的人可能有特定的饮食要求。在确定任何食物菜单时一定要确定客人的饮食需求。如果客人的宗教信仰不允许他们喝酒，那么在用餐开始时就给他们提供酒可能会让他们感到紧张。）可推知，如果我们能根据客人不同的文化背景提供给客人不同的事物，这样的话可以有效避免误解。故选D项。
C
Lunch is a part of Chinese culture. When I'm back home in England, I often miss Chinese lunch.
At home, at work, at school, English lunchtime is far from a formal meal of the day. It seems that we can't wait to finish lunch as quickly as possible. People working in the office take out packed sandwiches that are not delicious. Work canteens(餐厅) are crowded with people too busy to eat, rushing to the checkout(收银台) with something in hand so that they can quickly eat up on the way to another meeting. A lot of work in England leaves little time to have our meals and enjoy them. Perhaps this is why so many of us hold such unhealthy relationships with food.
The way we plan our days in England shows we don't care about mealtimes. Meetings, lectures, interviews and so on are all planned from 12 a.m. to 2 p.m. In Beijing lunch often starts from 11:30 p.m. to 1 p.m. And owners of many shops gather in small groups to share a meal, which is hardly seen in England. I have never experienced such a culture where finding time to eat is so important.
In China, food is shared and the time is enjoyed as a moment of get-together in busy days. This is a value and practice we should hold in our lives in England. In China food is not only a necessity(必需品), but also a time for get-together with friends and family, and I love it.
8. Why can't most English people enjoy their lunch?
A. They think British food is terrible.
B. They are anxious to go shopping.
C. They are too busy with work.
D. They have much housework.
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。由文中第二段 The world of work in Britain leaves little time to consume our meals, let alone enjoy them. Perhaps this is why so many of us harbor such unhealthy relationship with food.可知，紧张的日程安排让英国人忽视午餐时间。故选C项。
9. Which does the author like most about Chinese lunch?
A. Its atmosphere B. Its taste
C. Its price D. Its kinds
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。由最后一段中 In China workers or students eat together. Food is shared and the time is enjoyed as a moment of reunion within busy lives. This is a value and practice we should hold more dearly in our lives in Britain.可知，关于中国午餐作者最欣赏的是在一起享用午餐的时候的氛围。故选A项。
10. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A. English people don't take mealtimes seriously.
B. English lunchtime lasts one and a half hours.
C. English people never experience Chinese culture.
D. English people like to get together in groups.
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据第三段第一句The way we plan our days in England shows we don't care about mealtimes.可知，我们在英国的生活计划表明我们不在意吃饭时间。所以，英国人不把吃饭时间当回事。故选A项。
11. What is mainly talked about in the text?
A. The best way to experience Chinese lunch.
B. Lunch differences between China and England.
C. Suggestions of enjoying English culture.
D. The stressful lifestyles of English people.
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查主旨大意题。午餐在中国是件大事，作者体验了中国的午餐时间，又和英国的午餐时间做了对比。故选B项。
D
A British friend told me he couldn't understand why Chinese people love eating sunflower seeds（嗑瓜子）as a snack so much. "I've met a lot of older Chinese and many have a crack in their front teeth, I believe that's from cracking the seeds," he said.
I had never noticed the habit,but once he mentioned it,I suddenly became more aware. I realized that whenever I'm watching TV or typing a report,I always start mindlessly cracking sunflower seeds. My friend doesn't like sunflower seeds,and,to him,it seems unnecessary to work so much just to get one small seed.
When we were young,the whole family would usually get together for Chinese New Year. Then,we all lived close to one another,usually in a small city,and sometimes even neighbors would go door-to-door on Chinese New Year's Eve to check out what every household was making.
I remember my parents would be in the kitchen cooking. Out in the living room,a large table would already be laid out,complete with fancy tablecloth,ready-made dumpling fillings,and dishes full of candy,fruits and sunflower seeds. Some of the dishes were to be offered to our ancestors later,while others were for neighbors and children to eat before the evening feast. I must have learned how to crack sunflower seeds back then. I don't think it's right to criticize one's choice in food or eating habits,no matter how strange they may seem.
It's not only in China. When I went abroad,I found people had all sorts of strange habits when it came to food. In Denmark,they put salted red fish on bread and eat it for dinner,no matter how
much it ruins your breath. They think it's delicacy（美味佳肴），and it's connected to their certain culture. I think it's a wonderful tradition.
12. Why can the British friend not understand when he found Chinese love eating sunflower seeds？
A. Because the seeds are too hard to crack.
B. Because he thinks they art harmful to teeth.
C. Because he doesn't think the seeds are good.
D. Because he doesn't thinks the seeds are worth eating.
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查推理判断题。根据第二段"My friend doesn't like sunflower seeds,and,to him,it seems unnecessary to work so much just to get one small seed. 我的朋友不喜欢葵花籽，而且，对他来说，似乎没有必要为了得到一颗小种子花那么多功夫。"可知当这位英国朋友发现中国人喜欢吃葵花籽时，他不明白因为他认为葵花籽不值得吃。故选D项。
13. What does the writer prove by mentioning Chinese New Year？
A. The families get together for it.
B. Eating sunflower seeds is related to it.
C. The traditions of celebrating it disappear.
D. Children can eat delicious food on that day.
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查推理判断题。根据文章第四段，I remember my parents would be in the kitchen cooking.Out in the living room,a large table would already be laid out,complete with fancy tablecloth,ready-made dumping fillings,and dishes full of candy,fruits and sunflower seeds. 我会记得我父母在厨房里烹饪。在客厅里，一张大桌子已经摆好了，摆满了漂亮的桌布、现成的饺子馅、盛满糖果、水果和葵花籽的盘子。可知，作者提到农历新年证明了嗑瓜子与风俗有关，结合选项，故选B项。
14. What's the writer's attitude to Denmark's way of eating bread？
A. indifferent B. critical
C. understandable D. doubtful
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查作者观点态度题。根据文章最后一段，In Denmark,they put salted red fish on bread and eat it for dinner,no matter how much it ruins your breath.They think it's a delicacy,and it's connected to their culture.I think it's a wonderful tradition. 在丹麦，他们把咸红鱼放在面包上，然后当晚餐吃，不管面包对他们的呼吸有多大的破坏。他们我觉得这是一种美味，而且和他们的文化有关，我认为这是一个很好的传统。可知，作者认为丹麦的方式吃面包是可以理解的。A． indifferent漠不关心的；B．critical批评的；C．understandable理解的；D．doubtful怀疑的。结合选项，故选C项。
15. What idea does the writer want to express in this passage？
A. It is good to form healthy eating habits.
B. Eating habits come from a certain culture.
C. Changing your eating habits will change your life.
D. One kind of food doesn't necessarily suit everyone.
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，It's not only in China.When I went abroad,I found people had all sorts of strange habits when it came to food. 不仅仅是在中国。当我出国的时候，我发现人们在饮食方面有各种奇怪的习惯。可知，饮食习惯来自某一文化，结合选项，故选B项。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
While you are traveling abroad, cultural mistakes are more serious than linguistic mistakes, which can lead to serious misunderstanding and even ill-feeling between individuals. (16)
●Touching Someone
(17) In Mediterranean countries, if you don't touch someone's arm when talking to them or if you don't greet them with kisses or a warm hug, you'll be considered cold. But backslap (拍背) someone who isn't a family member or a good friend in Korea, and you'll make them uncomfortable. In Thailand, the head is considered sacred—never even pat a child on the head.
●Talking Over Dinner
In some countries, like China, Japan and some African nations, the food's the thing, so don't start chatting about your day's adventures while everyone else is digging into dinner. (18) It's not because your group is unfriendly, but because meal times are for eating, not talking.
● Removing Your Shoes or Not
Take off your shoes when arriving at the door of a London dinner party and the hostess will find you uncivilized, but fail to remove your shoes before entering a home in Asia, Hawaii, or the Pacific Islands and you'll be considered disrespectful. So, if you see a row of shoes at the door, start undoing your laces. (19)
Once you are on the ground of a different country, remain highly sensitive to native behavior. (20) And don't feel offended if something seems offensive—like queue jumping. After all, this is a global village, and we are all very different.
A. Personal space varies as you travel the globe.
B. Asians consider removing shoes impolite at home.
C. Never be completely surprised by anything.
D. The linguistic mistake means that someone is not fully expressing his idea.
E. Look out for the following cultural mistakes and try to avoid them.
F. If not, keep the shoes on.
G. You'll be likely to meet with silence.
16.【答案】E
【解析】根据前句 While you are traveling abroad, cultural mistakes are more serious than linguistic mistakes, which can lead to serious misunderstanding and even ill-feeling between individuals.可知当你出国旅行时，文化错误比语言错误更严重，这会导致严重的误解甚至是个人之间的恶感。根据下文主要介绍了需要避免的文化错误，用Look out for the following cultural mistakes and try to avoid them指出：注意下面的文化错误，尽量避免。承上启下，符合文意。故选E项。
17.【答案】A
【解析】根据小标题Touching Someone以及本段的内容可知，在不同的国家，你的一些行为会给当地人带来误解。用Personal space varies as you travel the globe指出：个人空间随你环球旅行而变化。承接主题，进一步解释，符合文意。故选A项。
18.【答案】G
【解析】根据后文It's not because your group is unfriendly, but because meal times are for eating, not talking.可知不是因为你的团队不友好，而是因为吃饭时间是为了吃饭，而不是为了说话。用You'll be likely to meet with silence.指出：你可能会遇到沉默。和本段主题内容吻合，符合文意。故选G项。
19.【答案】F
【解析】 根据本段的小标题Removing Your Shoes or Not可知本段主要介绍鞋子的事。用If not, keep the shoes on.指出：如果不是，请穿上鞋子。做本段的总结最合适。故选F项。
20.【答案】C
【解析】根据后文And don't feel offended if something seems offensive—like queue jumping.可知如果有些事情看起来令人不快，比如插队，也不要觉得被冒犯了。用Never be completely surprised by anything.指出，永远不要对任何事情感到惊讶。连接上下文，符合文意。故选C项。
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Every culture on the planet has certain topics that people avoid discussing. But the taboos (禁忌) of one culture may be very different from those of another. You may be (21) that people from other cultures say what you can't talk about.
Paying attention to what people don't (22) can teach us something important about their culture. Their taboo topics give us clues about what they value, respect or even fear. Topics that are considered too personal or too controversial (有争议的) may also be avoided.
America is full of taboo topics. Usually, during a polite conversation, Americans will (23) both politics and religion. They also avoid talking about racial issues (种族问题).
Why? Because these topics can cause strong opinions and (24) . Americans believe it's best to avoid them—especially at social gatherings.
Many Americans also do not feel (25) talking about their personal income, age or health. (26) , they prefer to make small talks about the weather, sports or common interests.
What do these taboos tell us about American (27) ? For one, they show that Americans place importance on (28) . America certainly isn't the only place that values it. You will find (29) taboos about asking personal questions in many European countries. "This is especially true in Germany," says Hanna Graf, a German living in Shanghai. "In Germany, you are not supposed to ask about other people's personal business," she says. "But there are no (30) rules about what you can't ask; it's just in people's minds."
In Brazil, (31) , almost anything seems open to discussion. "Brazilians talk about all kinds of personal issues," says Mark Quinlan, who grew up in Brazil. But of course, even Brazil has its own taboos. In Brazil, soccer is the one topic that can turn friends into enemies. Brazilians love the sport. Saying anything (32) about soccer can cause big trouble. Even expressing preference for one team over another can be (33) .
Like Brazilians, Australians talk freely about almost anything. However, they do not talk about their personal or business (34) . They prefer to let people judge them by their actions, not their words. Boasting (夸大) your achievements will only make you the (35) of other people's jokes.
And what about your taboos? The next time you have a conversation, pay attention to what isn't said. You might be amazed at what you learn about your own culture.
21. A. excited B. surprised C. fascinated D. relieved
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：你可能会惊讶于来自其他文化背景的人会说一些你不能说的内容。A.excited兴奋的；B.surprised吃惊的；C.fascinated着迷的；D.relieved感到宽慰的。由上文的But the taboos (禁忌) of one culture may be very different from those of another.可知，由于文化差异，当人们听到有人说自己不能说的内容的时候，会感到惊讶。故选B项。
22. A. stress B. consider C. desire D. discuss
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查动词辨析。句意：注意那些人们不讨论的内容，可以教我们一些关于他们文化的重要事情。A.stress强调；B.consider考虑；C.desire渴望，想要；D.discuss讨论。由上文people from other cultures say what you can't talk about可知，talk和discuss同义。故选D项。
23. A. rule out B. take to C. touch upon D. focus on
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析。句意：通常，在一场礼貌的交谈中，美国人会避免谈及政治和宗教。A.rule out排除，取消；B.take to带到；C.touch upon涉及，触及；D.focus on聚焦。由下文的They also avoid talking about racial issues (种族问题).可知，此处表示排除。故选A项。
24. A. arguments B. interactions C. agreements D. relationships
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：因为这些话题会引起强烈的意见和争执。A.arguments争执；B.interactions相互交流；C.agreements协议，同意；D.relationships人际关系。由下文的it's best to avoid them可知，会引起意见和争执的话题需要避免。故选A项。
25. A. embarrassed B. relaxed C. confused D. disappointed
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：许多美国人在谈论他们的个人收入、年龄或健康的时候会感觉不自在。A.embarrassed尴尬的；B.relaxed放松的；C.confused混淆的；D.disappointed失望的。由下文的they prefer to make small talks about the weather, sports or common interests.可知，此处是指不自在。故选B项。
26. A. Besides B. Occasionally C. Frankly D. Instead
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查副词辨析。句意：相反，他们更喜欢谈论天气、体育或共同的兴趣。A.Besides除……之外，况且；B.Occasionally偶尔；C.Frankly坦率地；D.Instead相反。由上文的Many Americans also do not feel (25) .可知，美国人更喜欢谈论禁忌之外的话题。故选D项。
27. A. values B. features C. status D. dreams
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：这些禁忌告诉我们关于美国价值观的什么信息呢？A.values价值观；B.features特征；C.status地位；D.dreams梦想。由下文的For one, they show that Americans place importance on (28) . America certainly isn't the only place that values it.可知，此处显示了美国人的价值观。故选A项。
28. A. culture B. independence C. privacy D. freedom
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：首先，它们表明美国人重视隐私。A.culture文化；B.independence独立；C.privacy隐私；D.freedom自由。根据上文的talking about their personal income, age or health可知，这些是隐私。故选C项。
29. A. formal B. unique C. similar D. aggressive
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：你会发现在许多欧洲国家都有相似的关于问私人问题的禁忌。A.formal正常的；B.unique独特的；C.similar相似的；D.aggressive侵略性的。由上文的America certainly isn't the only place that values it.可知，此处表示很多地方都有这样的禁忌，这是相似的情况。故选C项。
30. A. specialized B. written C. common D. basic
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：但是并没有什么书面规定什么是不能问的，这只是存在于人们的观念中。A.specialized专业的；B.written书面的；C.common普通的；D.basic基本的。由句中的it's just in people's minds.可知，这些禁忌不在书面中，在人们的思想里。故选B项。
31. A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. anyhow
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查过渡词辨析。句意：然而在巴西，几乎任何事情都可以讨论。A.moreover而且；B.however然而；C.therefore因此；D.anyhow总之，无论如何。由句中的almost anything seems open to discussion可知，前后是转折关系。故选B项。
32. A. important B. worthless C. magical D. negative
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：说任何关于足球的消极的话都会导致大麻烦。A.important重要的；B.worthless一文不值的；C.magical魔术的；D.negative消极的。由上文的In Brazil, soccer is the one topic that can turn friends into enemies. Brazilians love the sport.可知，此处表示消极的。故选D项。
33. A. beneficial B. impressive C. dangerous D. emotional
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：甚至表达对一支队伍的偏好也可能是危险的。A.beneficial有益的；B.impressive给人以深刻印象的；C.dangerous危险的；D.emotional情绪的。由上文的Saying anything (32) about soccer can cause big trouble.以及本句中的even可知，此处表达危险的。故选C项。
34. A. achievements B. secrets C. lives D. failures
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：然而，他们不会谈论自己的个人或商业成就。A.achievements业绩，获得；B.secrets秘密；C.lives生活；D.failures失败。根据下文Boasting (夸大) your achievements will only make you the (35) of other people's jokes.可知，此处指谈论自己的成就，故选A项。
35. A. audience B. designer C. target D. interpreter
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：夸大你的成就只会让你成为别人笑话的目标。A.audience观众；B.designer设计师；C.target目标，（攻击的）对象；D.interpreter口译者。根据句意，故选C项。
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys? The answer depends largely (36) cultural values as well as personal experiences.
People's choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies' reactions (反应) toward them. Green is said to be the most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. People (37) (work) in green environment have been found to have (38) stomach aches. To the Egyptians, green was a color (39) represented the hope and joy of spring, (40) for Muslims, it means heaven.
Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. In China, children (41) (give) money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. Red can cause a person's blood pressure to rise and increase people's appetites (食欲). Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. (42) (similar), many commercial websites will have a red "Buy Now" button because red is a color that easily catches a person's eyes.
For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace, (43) (hope) to protect themselves against evils (灾祸). Blue is another calming color. (44) red, blue can cause people to lose appetite. So (45) you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.
36.【答案】on/upon
【解析】本题考查固定短语。句意：答案很大程度上取决于文化价值观和个人经历。depend on/upon是固定短语，意为“取决于，依赖”。故填on/upon.
37.【答案】working
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意：研究发现，在绿色环境中工作的人胃痛较少。主语People与动词work之间为逻辑上的主动关系，因此用现在分词结构作后置定语。故填working.
38.【答案】fewer
【解析】本题考查形容词比较级。结合前句的意思，绿色被认为是最宁静的颜色。它有能力减少痛苦和放松人们的精神和身体。因此此处应表示“很少有胃痛”，few用来修饰可数名词，此处应用比较级fewer表示“较少的”。故填fewer.
39.【答案】】that/which
【解析】本题考查定语从句。句意：对埃及人来说，绿色是代表春天的希望和欢乐的颜色。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为color，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词that或which引导从句。故填that/which.
40.【答案】while
【解析】本题考查连词。句意：而对穆斯林来说，它意味着天堂。结合语境，连词while表示对比关系，意为“而，然而”。故填while.
41.【答案】are given
【解析】本题考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在中国，孩子们会收到装在红包里的钱，以在新的一年里带来好运。句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态；主语children与动词give之间为被动关系，因此应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语children为复数，be动词应用are.故填are given.
42.【答案】Similarly
【解析】本题考查副词。句意：同样，许多商业网站也会有一个红色的“立即购买”按钮，因为红色很容易吸引人的眼球。此处用副词作状语修饰整个句子；设空处位于句首，单词首字母需大写。故填Similarly.
43.【答案】hoping
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意：希腊人经常戴着蓝色的项链，希望能保护自己免受邪恶的侵害。句中逻辑主语Greek people与动词hope之间为主动关系，故用现在分词结构作状语。故填hoping.
44.【答案】Unlike
【解析】本题考查介词。句意：与红色不同，蓝色会让人失去食欲。结合语境可知，此处需用介词unlike，表示“与……不同”；设空处位于句首，单词首字母需大写。故填Unlike.
45.【答案】if
【解析】本题考查状语从句。句意：所以如果你想少吃点，一些人建议用蓝色盘子吃东西会有帮助。根据句意可知，此处表示假设关系，所以本句为if引导的条件状语从句。故填if.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Jack来信说他暑假期间要来中国交流学习，他学了两年中文，但是仍然担心用中文交流时会遇到困难．请你用英语给Jack写封回信，提几点建议，要点如下：
(1)大胆自信； (2)放慢语速； (3)借助图画或肢体语言等表达方式。
注意： (1)字数80左右； (2) 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jack,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Jack,
I am very glad to learn that you are coming to China this summer. As for the problem that you mentioned in your letter, I have some tips for you.
Firstly, just like learning any other foreign language, when learning Chinese, you should not be shy. On the contrary, you should be confident and brave, and try to speak Chinese whenever you can. This is very important. After all, the more you use Chinese, the better you will learn it. Besides, you’d better speak Chinese slowly and clearly. In this way, you can make yourself understood by others easily. Thirdly, if others canˈt understand you, or you don’t know how to express yourself, it is also a good idea to use pictures or body language to help you. I really hope you will find my advice useful and helpful.
Looking forward to seeing you soon!
Yours, Li Hua
【解析】
【思路点拨】
本题为一封书信，回复美国朋友，并给他提几点学习中文的建议。主要内容已经以简单的提纲提示形式给出，但写作时不能仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实。要注意结合来信内容进行恰当回复。必须涵盖给出要点：(1) 大胆自信； (2) 放慢语速； (3) 借助图画或肢体语言等表达方式。同时注意要求的字数限制。
【亮点短语】
1. On the contrary与此相反;
2. make yourself understood 让别人理解你;
3. express yourself表达自我;
4. look forward to doing期盼做某事。
【高分句型】
1.As for the problem that you mentioned in your letter, I have some tips for you.
句意：回复对方信件的必备句式。
语法点：as for “至于”，引起对方所说话题。that引导定语从句修饰problem。
2. I really hope you will find my advice useful and helpful.
句意：我真的希望你能发现我的建议是有用的和有帮助的。
语法点：hope后接一个省略that的宾语从句；find my advice useful and helpful中则使用形容词useful和 helpful做宾语补足语。
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
A monk（和尚） used to live in a hut at a side of a village. He read books all day long, without worrying for food or money. He was a very kind and tender-hearted person. All the villagers greatly admired his noble character. That is why everyone offered him food and wanted to help him.
Once, it was a cold winter. The monk had a fire burning in his hut for warmth. Suddenly, there was a knock at his door. The monk wondered who it could be out at such a cold night, He opened the door and found a fox out there shivering in cold. She spoke, "I live on the hills out there. Heavy snow is falling there, making my life difficult. Please kindly give me a little room in your hut for the night. I will go away in the morning." The monk politely called her in and said, "Don't worry, dear. You can live here as long as you wish." In the warmth of the heated hut the fox felt very comfortable. The monk gave her some bread and milk. The fox quickly ate it and slept in a corner.
In the morning, the fox asked for the permission to leave. The monk told her to come whenever she liked. The fox again came back at the night. The monk talked with her about the day's happenings and gave her some food. After eating, the fox went to sleep.
A few months passed and the season changed. One day the fox said, "You took so great care of me all through the winter, I want to do something for you in return." The monk remarked, "Dear fox, it was my duty to do something for you. Please don't embarrass me by talking in this way." The fox pleaded, "I am not trying to pay back your kindness. I love you and respect you. By doing something for you I will feel a great pride in me. I wish to be of some use to you."
Paragraph 1:
The monk thought for some time and hesitantly said, "I don't need anything. But sometimes I wish I had a piece of gold. ______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
It was now six months since the fox had gone. _____________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
The monk thought for some time and hesitatingly said, "I don't need anything. But sometimes I wish I had a piece of gold. As you know, I have always been relying on the villagers, without whom I would be starving to death. Naturally, it has long been my desire to do something in return for their favor. All I can do is help educate their children. With no access to proper facilities and books, most of the kids in the village stay uneducated. A piece of gold is all I need to equip them with adequate knowledge so that they can have better chances of a bright future." Hearing this, the fox nodded and promised she would see to it that the monk could have what he was longing for. With these words, the fox left in no time.
It was now six months since the fox had gone. The more time went by, the more certain the monk felt that she wouldn't come back. One day, however, there was someone knocking at the door. The monk opened it and much to his astonishment, there stood the fox with a piece of gold in her mouth. She looked much skinnier than he last saw her. Deeply moved, the monk hugged the fox tightly with tears in his eyes. It turned out that the fox spent the last half of a year trying to fulfill her promise and she made it.
【解析】
【原文大意】
本文主要以时间为线索展开。讲述了一个心地善良的和尚救助了一只狐狸，狐狸想报答和尚的故事。
【段落续写】
根据第一段首句内容“和尚想了一会儿，犹豫地说：‘我什么都不需要。但有时我希望我有一块金子’”可知，第一段可描写为何和尚想要一块金子。
根据第二段首句内容“狐狸已经走了六个月了”可知，第二段可描写为狐狸找到金子回来了。
【续写线索】
和尚想要一块金子——狐狸承诺去找金子——狐狸实现诺言——和尚感动流泪
【词汇激活】
行为类
①想要：need/desire/want
②承诺：promise/make a promise/make a commitment
③实现诺言：fulfill one's promise/realize one's promise/keep one's word
④流泪：tears in one's eyes/burst into tears/tears rolling down one's face
情感类
①感动：moved/touched/deeply touched
【高分句型】
1. As you know, I have always been relying on the villagers, without whom I would be starving to death.
句意：如你所知，我一直依赖村民，没有他们，我就会饿死。
语法点：介词加关系代词whom引导定语从句）
2. Deeply moved, the monk hugged the fox tightly with tears in his eyes.
句意：和尚深深地感动了，眼里含着泪水紧紧地拥抱着狐狸。
语法点：过去分词moved作状语。
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