2022版高考英语二轮复习 模块1 语篇能力 专题2 阅读七选五 第1讲 根据设题位置破题课件

这是一份2022版高考英语二轮复习 模块1 语篇能力 专题2 阅读七选五 第1讲 根据设题位置破题课件，文件包含2022版高考英语二轮复习模块1语篇能力专题2阅读七选五第1讲根据设题位置破题课件pptx、2022版高考英语二轮复习模块1语篇能力专题2阅读七选五第1讲doc等2份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共43页， 欢迎下载使用。

第1讲　根据设题位置破题
段首设空题主要考查两种情况：1．考查段落主旨句或小标题。2．考查与上下文的逻辑关系，为过渡句或承上启下句。此种类型主要考查考生对语篇或段落大意的整体概括能力。
1．主旨句在文章某段落的段首设空的题目常为该段落的主题句或主旨概括句，通常以小标题或主题句的形式出现。选取时注意标题特点：简短精悍，以祈使句为主。解题时首先要认真阅读并把握该段落的主要内容，尤其是设空处后面几句的内容，以确定关键信息，然后从各选项中查找与文中关键信息相关的词句，以确定答案。一般来说，答案选项与设空处后面的一句在内容上是连贯的，意义上是紧密衔接符合逻辑的。
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)__37__ If the air yu’re breathing is clean—which it wuld be if yu’re away frm the smg f cities—then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing xygen.If yu exercise ut f drs, yur bdy will learn t breathe mre deeply, allwing even mre xygen t get t yur muscles(肌肉) and yur brain.A．Fresh air cleans ur lungs.F．Just as imprtantly, we tend t assciate air with health care.
【解题示范】　段首题。根据下一句中提到的“If the air yu’re breathing is air is filled with life-giving, energizing xygen.”可知，新鲜空气充满赋予人生命的、令人充满活力的氧气。再根据下文中“ mre deeply, allwing mre xygen t get t yur muscles and yur brain.”是对前文的递进，在户外，更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑。根据前面的分析可以推知，该空应该提到新鲜空气的基本作用，根据常识，我们知道吸入的空气首先进入的是肺部，然后才会使我们的肌肉和大脑受益，故该空应选A项“新鲜空气清洁我们的肺部”。故选A。
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)__40__ While the sun’s rays can age and harm ur skin, they als give us beneficial Vitamin D．T make sure yu get enugh Vitamin D—but still prtect yur skin—put n sunscreen right as yu head utside.It takes sunscreen abut fifteen minutes t start wrking, and that’s plenty f time fr yur skin t absrb a day’s wrth f Vitamin D.D．Anther side benefit f getting fresh air is sunlight.F．Just as imprtantly, we tend t assciate air with health care.
【解题示范】　段首题。空格后一句的句意：虽然阳光会使我们的皮肤衰老并受到伤害，但阳光也能带来有益的维生素D。这是呼吸新鲜空气附带的好处，故D项“呼吸新鲜空气的另一个附带好处是阳光”。符合语境。故选D。
2．承上启下句段首题类有时与上一段尾句关系紧密，同时引出下文，起到承上启下的作用。此时解题既要熟悉上一段的内容，又需要结合下文内容。所以此时必须要做到瞻前顾后，利用上一段尾句和空后第一、二句确定相关信息词，在选项中查找与之相关的内容，并把握上下文行文逻辑，分析哪个选项能够将前后两段内容连贯起来。
3．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Emji can help cmmunicatin feel friendlier，and even a serius nte can be sftened with an encuraging smile.__40__， and emji can cntribute directly t that psitive utcme.And when yur emplyees begin adding smiling emjis t their business cmmunicatin, yu’ll knw yu have succeeded in imprving yur wrk culture.E．Giving emplyees the tls enables them t cmmunicate hnestlyF．Studies shw that friendlier cmmunicatin leads t a happier wrkplace
【解题示范】　段首题。根据上段中“Emji can help cmmunicatin feel friendlier”(表情符号有助于使交流让人觉得更友好)和后句“and Emji can cntribute directly t that psitive utcme”(并且表情符号可以直接促成这种积极的结果)可知，这里陈述表达友好的表情符号能给工作场所带来的好处。所以F项“Studies shw that friendlier cmmunicatin leads t a happier wrkplace(研究表明，更友好的沟通会带来更快乐的工作场所)”承上启下，符号语境。故选F。
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Imagine a child standing n a diving bard fur feet high and asking himself the questin：“Shuld I jump？” This is what mtivatin r the lack f it can d.Mtivatin and gal setting are the tw sides f the same cin.__36(G)__ Like the child n the diving bard, yu will stay undecided.
__37__ Mre than that, hw shuld yu stay mtivated t achieve the gal？First, yu need t evaluate yurself, yur values, yur strengths, yur weaknesses, yur achievements, yur desires, etc.Only then shuld yu set yur gals.B．S hw shuld yu mtivate yurself?D．S why shuld we try t set specific gals?
【解题示范】　段首题。上一段阐述了动机和设定目标的关系，强调了动机的重要性，本段进一步讲如何激励自己并保持动力来实现目标。B选项“那么你应该如何激励自己呢？”承上启下。故选B。
段中设空题一般为主题句的展开句。一篇文章的各段、句之间形成一定的语义逻辑关系，有顺承、并列、递进、转折、对比、解释、例证、因果关系等。此种类型要注意分析前后内容的连贯性和逻辑性，注意句子之间的衔接手法。段中设空题的考查主要有三种情况：1．承接上文；2．引起下文；3．承上启下。
1．先看空前句，再看空后句，标记关键信息词；2．阅读各个选项，标记关键词；3．利用词语复现(同源词、同义、近义或反义词复现)比较匹配关键词，确定答案；4．利用表示顺承、并列、递进、转折、对比、解释、例证、因果关系的关联词分析前后内容的连贯性和逻辑性，确定答案。
1．(2021·全国乙卷)Peple lve t talk abut themselves.If yu can start the cnversatin with a questin ther than “What d yu d fr a living？”， yu’ll be able t get a lt mre interesting cnversatin ut f whmever it is yu’re talking t.__37__， it can bring in “I have this ld, brken-dwn vehicle” r “I rde the bus with these crazy peple wh were laughing at silly jkes in the back.” It just pens up cnversatin.
A．Hw d yu knw the hstB．The first step is t g explringC．If yu ask the questin “Hw did yu get here？”
【解题示范】　段中题。根据下文“it can bring in ’I have this ld, brken-dwn vehicle’ r ’I rde the bus with these crazy peple wh were laughing at silly jkes in the back.’ It just pens up cnversatin.(它可以带入“我有这辆破旧的车”或“我和那些在后面嘲笑愚蠢笑话的疯子一起乘坐公共汽车。”它只是打开了对话。)”可知，设空处应该是提了一个不太好的问题，只是开始交流，但并不会给人留下有趣的印象。由此可知，C项“If yu ask the questin ’Hw did yu get here？’(如果你问“你是怎么到这里来的？”这个问题)”能够承接下文，符合题意。故选C。
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)We all want it t accept and lve urselves.But at times it seems t difficult and t far ut f reach.__36__ Here’s a handful f ways that will set yu in the right directin.A．Feeling upset again?B．Where d yu start?
【解题示范】　段中题。根据空前“We all want it t accept and lve urselves.But at times it seems t difficult and t far ut f reach.(我们都想接受并爱自己，但有时候太难了做不到。)”及下文的“Here’s a handful f ways that will set yu in the right directin.(这有很多可以帮你找到正确方向的方法。)”可知，选项B项“Where d yu start？(你从哪里开始呢？)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
3．(2019·浙江卷)After they were given an invitatin t appear live n BBC, the Beatles quickly became famus in Britain with natinwide turs.By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely ppular in England.__32__ They held large cncerts and perfrmed at clubs.They became the httest thing n the pp music scene in England.They began as a mdestly successful musician grup and ended the year as shw business legends(传说)．Jhn Lennn and Paul McCartney were named cmpsers f the year.B．Even their hairstyles became majr trends at that time.G．They perfrmed their first cncert in America at CBS televisin’s 53rd street studi.
【解题示范】　段中题。空前后都是讲述披头士的出名程度，根据空前“extremely ppular in England”以及后文的“they became the httest thing”可知，此处描述了他们的影响，选项B(甚至他们的发型在那时也成为了一种潮流。)符合文意，且关键词even是一个信息提示词，与上文形成递进关系。故选B。
段尾题的考查主要有两种情况，一是总结或承接上文，二是起承上启下的作用。
1．总结或承接上文(1)做题时注意设空处前的一两句。如果在文章第一段的段尾设空，要认真阅读看此处是细节还是全文的主题。 (2)注意在选项中查找thus，therefre，hence，s，as a result，in a wrd，in shrt，t cnclude，t sum up等表示结果、结论、总结的词语；(3)注意与前文的逻辑关系，找到关键的信息词句，如表示转折、并列、排比等关系。
1．(2021·全国乙卷)__38__？If yu can’t take their wine away, yu shuld certainly try t take away their sapbx(讲台)．If yu’re the hst, yu can ask them t help yu in the kitchen with smething and just remve them frm the situatin.__39__.
D．Be prepared t have awkward cnversatins with strangersE．Or turn the cnversatin int a tpic where they have little t sayF．What abut that persn wh had t much t drink r wn’t stp talking
【解题示范】　段尾题。根据上文“If yu can’t take their wine away, yu shuld certainly try t take away their sapbx (讲台)．If yu’re the hst, yu can ask them t help yu in the kitchen with smething and just remve them frm the situatin.(如果你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什么，只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景。)”可知，本段主要是为解决“喝太多酒或一直说个不停”这个问题提供方法。由此可知，E项“Or turn the cnversatin int a tpic where they have little t say(或者把谈话变成他们没什么可说的话题)”是提出的另一个解决办法，承接上文，符合题意。故选E项。
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Dn’ts·Dn’t share persnal infrmatin r stries.Prfessrs are nt trained nurses, financial aid experts r yur best friends.If yu are in need f a deadline extensin, simply explain the situatin t the prfessr.__39__C．If mre infrmatin is needed, they will ask.D．Remember that nline prfessrs get a lt f emails.
【解题示范】　段尾题。根据本段“Prfessrs are nt trained nurses, financial aid experts r yur best friends.”可知，教授不是训练有素的护士，不是经济援助专家，也不是你最好的朋友，所以不要分享个人信息或故事。如果他们需要更多信息的话，他们会主动问起的。故C项符合语境。
3．(2019·北京高考)If a basketball star is, fr example, trying t gain a high persnal pint ttal, he may take a sht himself when it wuld be better t pass the ball t a teammate, affecting the team’s perfrmance.Yung children learning t play team sprts are ften tld, “There is n I in TEAM.” __49__D．Stars apparently d nt fllw this basic principle f sprtsmanship.F．Building up a dream team is mre cmplex than simply hiring the best talent.
【解题示范】　段尾题。根据上文描述篮球明星的做法和空格前的“学习参加团队运动的小孩子经常被告知’团队里没有个人’”形成的对比可推断出，选项D “明星们很明显不遵守体育精神这一基本原则。”对全段作了总结概括。故答案为D。
2．承上启下此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。做题时如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时要考虑与下一段开头是否有衔接，要认真阅读下一段的开头几句，看是否能紧密联系起来。
4．(2021·浙江高考)Paul Magalhaes, a 34-year-ld Prtuguese cmputer engineer, lves t pen his mailbx and find a brightly clred picture f Rme’s Clsseum.Or Africa’s Victria Falls.Or China’s Great Wall.__31__
“I ften send pstcards t family and friends.” he says t China Daily, “but yu can imagine that after a while, yu never receive as many as yu send, and yu realize that nt everyne is int it.__32__” Seeking ther like-minded suls, hwever, Paul started lking in a smewhat unlikely place：nline.Many wuld say the Internet is a place fr peple wh have given up n the traditinal pstal service, but Paul’s hunch(直觉)paid ff.
E．On August 5, the number f pstcards exchanged by members tpped 31 millin.F．Similarly, if yu speak nly Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part f the fun away.G．In shrt, he lves pstcards, and the excitement f getting a hand-written nte frm smene far away.
【解题示范】　段尾题。上文“Paul Magalhaes, a 34-year-ld Prtuguese cmputer engineer, lves t pen his mailbx and find a brightly clred image f Rme’s Clsseum.Or Africa’s Victria Falls.Or China’s Great Wall.( 34岁的葡萄牙电脑工程师Paul Magalhaes喜欢打开他的邮箱，然后发现一个色彩鲜艳的罗马斗牛场图像。或者非洲的维多利亚瀑布。或者是中国的长城。)”介绍了Paul喜欢明信片的个人爱好。下文“ yu realize that nt everyne is int it.”说明他身边缺少与他志趣相投的人。