2022版高考英语二轮复习 模块1 语篇能力 专题1 阅读理解 第4讲 主旨大意题课件

这是一份2022版高考英语二轮复习 模块1 语篇能力 专题1 阅读理解 第4讲 主旨大意题课件，文件包含2022版高考英语二轮复习模块1语篇能力专题1阅读理解第4讲主旨大意题课件pptx、2022版高考英语二轮复习模块1语篇能力专题1阅读理解第4讲主旨大意题doc等2份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共36页， 欢迎下载使用。

主旨大意题考查考生对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象，既考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。
标题归纳题要求考生在理解文章的基础上， 结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给选项中选出适合文章的标题。设问形式常有：(1)What is the best title fr this passage?(2)What can be a suitable title fr the passage/text?(3)Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the passage?(4)The mst suitable title f this passage is “________”．
最佳标题应具备以下三大特征：①概括精准而简洁；②针对性强，标题外延与文章内容恰好相符；③醒目，能引发读者阅读欲望。
1．一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断，但在某些文章中，如记叙文，没有明确的主题句，需要根据文中的事实细节，查找文章的“主线”，归纳出文章的主题。2．所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容。标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。为吸引读者的注意，标题往往比较醒目。
一、(2020·全国卷ⅠD)The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research.Recent studies have fund psitive effects.A study cnducted in Yungstwn，Ohi，fr example, discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime.In anther，emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual cmpsitin f plants in rder t get them t perfrm diverse，even unusual functins.These include plants that have sensrs printed nt their leaves t shw when they’re shrt f water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in grundwater.“We’re thinking abut hw we can engineer plants t replace functins f the things that we use every day, ” explained Michael Stran, a prfessr f chemical engineering at MIT.
One f his latest prjects has been t make plants glw(发光)in experiments using sme cmmn vegetables.Stran’s team fund that they culd create a faint light fr three-and-a-half hurs.The light，abut ne-thusandth f the amunt needed t read by，is just a start.The technlgy, Stran said, culd ne day be used t light the rms r even t turn tree int self-pwered street lamps.
In the future，the team hpes t develp a versin f the technlgy that can be sprayed nt plant leaves in a ne-ff treatment that wuld last the plant’s lifetime.The engineers are als trying t develp an n and ff “switch” where the glw wuld fade when expsed t daylight.Lighting accunts fr abut 7% f the ttal electricity cnsumed in the US.Since lighting is ften far remved frm the pwer surce(电源)—such as the distance frm a pwer plant t street lamps n a remte highway—a lt f energy is lst during transmissin(传输)．Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy.
35．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?A．Can we grw mre glwing plants?B．Hw d we live with glwing plants?C．Culd glwing plants replace lamps?D．Hw are glwing plants made pllutin-free?【解题示范】　第一步：阅读文章，概括文章大意。文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院的工程师开发一种发光植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。
第二步：分析各选项，进行斟酌判断，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨。根据文章大意，并结合最后两段可知，由于照明通常远离电源，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。
二、(2019·全国卷ⅡD篇)Bacteria are an annying prblem fr astrnauts.The micrrganisms(微生物) frm ur bdies grw uncntrllably n surfaces f the Internatinal Space Statin, s astrnauts spend hurs cleaning them up each week.Hw is NASA vercming this very tiny big prblem？It’s turning t a bunch f high schl kids.But nt just any kids.It is depending n NASA HUNCH high schl classrms, like the ne science teachers Gene Grdn and Dnna Himmelberg lead at Fairprt High Schl in Fairprt, New Yrk.
HUNCH is designed t cnnect high schl classrms with NASA engineers.Fr the past tw years, Grdn’s students have been studying ways t kill bacteria in zer gravity, and they think they’re clse t a slutin(解决方案)．“We dn’t give the students any breaks.They have t d it just like NASA engineers，” says Flrence Gld, a prject manager.
“There are n tests，” Grdn says.“There is n graded hmewrk.There almst are n grades, ther than ‘Are yu wrking twards yur gal？’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve gt t prduce this prduct and then, at the end f the year, present it t NASA.’ Engineers cme and really d an inpersn review, ’s nt a very nice thing at times.It’s a hard business review f yur prduct.”
Grdn says the HUNCH prgram has an impact(影响) n cllege admissins and practical life skills.“These kids are s absrbed in their studies that I just sit back.I dn’t teach.” And that annying bacteria？Grdn says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers abut the prblem, readying a wrkable slutin t test in space.
35．What is the best title fr the text?A．NASA：The Hme f AstrnautsB．Space：The Final Hmewrk FrntierC．Nature：An Outdr ClassrmD．HUNCH：A Cllege Admissin Refrm
【解题示范】　第一步：阅读文章，概括文章大意。本文主要介绍了一个项目：把高中的教室教学与太空的研究联系起来，使学生们得到NASA工程师们的指导。第二步：在理解文章大意的基础上，分析各选项，确定概括性最强的答案。在选标题时既要有太空，还要有学生。分析选项可知，只有B能将其完美地结合起来。故选B。
文章大意题要求考生在理解全文的基础上，从文中提取有效信息，概括归纳出文章的主旨大意、中心思想。此类题目没有明显的解题依据，是对文章深层次的理解。
设问形式常有：(1)The general/main idea f the passage is ________.(2)What is the main theme/tpic/idea f this/the passage/text?(3)The passage/text is mainly abut ________.(4)What des the text/passage mainly fcus n?(5)The passage mainly fcuses n ________.
1．定位主题句确定文章大意文章由段落组成，段落的中心思想服务于文章的中心思想，因此找到每个段落的主题句，总结概括后便不难得出文章的主旨大意。一般情况下，段落的主题句通常在该逻辑段落的首尾，但也有些难度较大的试题会隐含在段落之中，此时要理解全文结构，找到支撑性细节内容。
以下为快速找到主题句的5个小窍门：(1)段落中出现表转折的词语(hwever, but, in fact, actually, while, n the cntrary, in cntrast等)时，其后的句子通常为主题句；(2)首段出现疑问句时，对该句的回答很可能就是主题句；(3)作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词(主旨句通常包含关键词)；(4)首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后的内容通常为主题句；(5)表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefre, in shrt, cnclude, cnclusin, thus等词。
2．根据不同文体的结构和写作方法来定位主题句(1)议论文主要是论述作者的某个观点，往往采用“总—分”或“总—分—总”的模式，所以主题句常在第一段或最后一段。(2)说明文则是说明一个事物的用途或制作过程，主题句一般在首段。(3)记叙文一般没有明显的主题句，需要根据文中叙述的内容和线索来概括文章大意，但是如果文章末段出现说理性的句子，则这个句子为主题句。
(2020·全国卷ⅡB)Sme parents will buy any high-tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children at the University f Chicag, fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills.Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin (认知) after cntrlling fr differences in parents’ incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.“The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt, n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋转) and translate shapes，” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f the children in the study played with puzzles at ne time.Higher-incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre frequently, and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial skills.Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls, and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than the parents f girls.The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.
What is the text mainly abut?A．A mathematical methd.B．A scientific study.C．A wman psychlgist.D．A teaching prgram.
【解题示范】　第一步：阅读文章，概括文章大意。本文介绍了芝加哥大学的一项科学研究，该研究表明，对于2到4岁的孩子来说，玩拼图游戏对他们今后空间技能的提高有益；高收入家庭的孩子接触拼图游戏的时间更长，而且男孩子比女孩子玩的拼图更复杂。
第二步：分析选项，斟酌判断。文章提到Susan Levine是芝加哥大学儿童数学发展方面的专家，但不是介绍一项数学方法，故排除A；文章提到研究人员是一位女心理学家，但不是文章主旨，故排除C；文中没有提到教学计划，故排除D；利用关键词法定主旨。文章多次出现study一词，主要介绍的是芝加哥的一项科学研究。故选B。
段落大意题主要考查文章某一段落的主要意思，是对一个段落的基本内容的简缩和概括。考生要用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。设问形式常有：(1)What is the first paragraph mainly abut?(2)What is Paragraph 1 mainly abut?(3)What des the first paragraph mainly talk abut?
1．定位段落主题句，做到首尾兼顾做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下判断主旨，其准确性更高。
2．通过暗示揣摩段落大意有时，作者不直接写出主题句，而是通过情感态度等方法暗示性地体现主题，此时要根据文中所叙述的事实和线索综合判断去揣摩并概括出段落大意。
(2020·全国卷ⅠD)The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research.Recent studies have fund psitive effects.A study cnducted in Yungstwn, Ohi, fr example, discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime.In anther, emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.
What is the first paragraph mainly abut?A．A new study f different plants.B．A big fall in crime rates.C．Emplyees frm varius wrkplaces.D．Benefits frm green plants.