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2022版高考英语二轮复习 模块1 语篇能力 专题1 阅读理解 第1讲 细节理解题课件
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这是一份2022版高考英语二轮复习 模块1 语篇能力 专题1 阅读理解 第1讲 细节理解题课件，文件包含2022版高考英语二轮复习模块1语篇能力专题1阅读理解第1讲细节理解题课件pptx、2022版高考英语二轮复习模块1语篇能力专题1阅读理解第1讲细节理解题doc等2份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共34页， 欢迎下载使用。
细节理解题考查考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节的理解，特点是题干针对原文提到的某事物、现象或理论进行发问。细节理解题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，是最重要的得分点。
直接细节题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍电影介绍类、演出信息类等。题目一般就文中的某一具体事实细节设题，设问方式多为以5W1H(what, wh, when, where, why和hw)等开头的特殊疑问句，在原文中可直接找到答案。
直接细节题主要考查对某句话或某几句话的理解，“题干定位法”是做事实细节题最基本的也是最常用的方法：第一步：根据题干内容提取关键信息定位词。定位词主要是题干中的名词、动词和数词等，即问题的核心信息。在原文中查找定位词或定位词的近义词，找出相关的句子；第二步：运用跳读、略读技巧快速在原文中查找定位词或定位词的近义词，迅速定位原文，找出相关的句子；第三步：分析比对选项与文中细节，得出正确答案。
(2020·全国ⅠA)Train InfrmatinAll custmers travelling n TransLink services must be in pssessin f a valid ticket befre barding.Fr ticket infrmatin, please ask at yur lcal statin r call 13 12 30．While Queensland Rail makes every effrt t ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be n guarantee f cnnectins between trains r between train services and bus services.
Lst prperty(失物招领)Call Lst Prperty n 13 16 17 during business hurs fr items lst n Queensland Rail services.The lst prperty ffice is pen Mnday t Friday 7:33 am t 5:00 pm and is lcated(位于) at Rma Street statin.Public hlidaysOn public hlidays, generally a Sunday timetable perates.On certain majr event days, i.e. Australia Day, Anzac Day, sprting and cultural days, special additinal services may perate.Christmas Day services perate t a Christmas Day timetable.Befre travel please visit r call TransLink n 13 12 30 anytime.
Custmers using mbility devicesMany statins have wheelchair access frm the car park r entrance t the statin platfrms.Fr assistance, please call Queensland Rail n 13 16 17．
Guardian trains (utbund)
What wuld yu d t get ticket infrmatin?A．Call 13 16 17． B．Visit ．Ask at the lcal statin.D．Check the train schedule.
【解题示范】 第一步：阅读题干， 找出题干关键词ticket infrmatin第二步：迅速定位到第一段第二句“Fr ticket infrmatin, please ask at yur lcal statin r call 13 12 30．(车票信息请到您所在的车站询问或拨打131230查询。)”。仔细对比选项，进而确定答案。故选C。
考查间接信息题时，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。常用方式是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言(词汇和句式结构)改头换面，或者把文中信息整合归纳，来表达相同的意思。
在做间接细节理解题时，要根据所找信息，分析选项，对比其中所用词汇，以及表达方式，最后确定选项。第一步：阅读题干，确定关键词；第二步：定位题干关键词的转换形式(同义词、近义词、释义等)，或者对原文的概括归纳，锁定原文相关信息；第三步：利用正确选项特征，确定答案。
正确选项特征：(1)用同义或近义词(组)复现。(2)同根词或原词复现。(3)语言简化或对原文概括归纳。简化原文中的复杂语言现象，或者用一句话概括归纳原文的某一部分，并设置为答案。(4)反义词复现。把原文中的意思反过来表达。
(2020·全国ⅡB)Sme parents will buy any high-tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children at the University f Chicag, fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills.Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin(认知) after cntrlling fr differences in parents’ incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.
“The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt, n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋转) and translate shapes, ” Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f children in the study played with puzzles at ne time.Higher-incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre frequently, and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial skills.Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls, and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than the parents f girls.The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.
Hw d bys differ frm girls in puzzle play?A．They play with puzzles mre ften. B．They tend t talk less during the game. C．They prefer t use mre spatial language. D．They are likely t play with tugher puzzles.
【解题示范】 第一步： 阅读题干， 找出关键词：differ frm girls。第二步： 迅速定位到倒数第二段“Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls”可知， 男孩比女孩更倾向于玩较复杂的拼图。仔细对比选项， tugher替换了文中的“mre cmplex”。故选D。
既然是阅读理解题，数字计算题并不是真正考查考生的数学计算能力，主要仍是考查考生对文中涉及一些数字的某部分和题干的理解能力，数学计算方面是很基础的简单的。
1．审明题干要求，提取题干中的关键词寻读原文，同时标记数字、时间、年代等相关信息。2．弄清题干询问数据与原文数据的逻辑关系，并进行加减乘除计算。3．特殊信息词应注意：(1)特殊数字：decade十年；frtnight两周；duble两倍；cuple两个；scre二十；dzen十二。(2)特殊词汇：ff削价，减价；discunt折扣。
(2018·江苏高考A篇)Admissin$25.00 recmmended fr adults, $12.00 recmmended fr students, includes the Main Building and The Clisters (回廊) n the same day；free fr children under 12 with an
56．Hw much may they pay if an 11-year-ld girl and her wrking parents visit the museum?A．$12． B．$37． C．$50． D．$62．
【解题示范】 细节理解题。根据题干关键词Hw much和pay可迅速定位到原文信息“$25.00 recmmended fr adults, $12.00 recmmended fr students, includes the Main Building and The Clisters n the same day；free fr children under 12 with an adult.”可知，成人票价25美元，12岁以下儿童在大人的陪同下免费。因而11岁的女孩和其父母只需支付两张成人票款即可。通过计算可知答案应为C项。
细节排序题一般就是要求考生把所给四个选项按语篇中事情发生的时间先后顺序进行排序。
第一步：审读题干，根据原文和四个选项的内容，首先确定首和尾；第二步：根据首尾，排除掉部分选项，缩小范围。如排序内容较少，一般即可快速得出答案；第三步：如排序内容较多，再查看剩余选项的异同处，进一步缩小范围，以确定答案。
(2021·广东广州市高三一模)The histry f micrbilgy begins with a Dutch clth maker named Antni van Leeuwenhek, a man f n frmal scientific educatin.In the late 1600s, Leeuwenhek, inspired by the magnifying lenses he used t examine clth, built sme f the first micrscpes.He develped a technique t imprve the quality f tiny, runded lenses, sme f which culd magnify an bject up t 270 times.After remving sme plaque frm between his teeth and examining it under a lens, Leeuwenhek fund tiny twisting creatures, which he called “animalcules”．
His bservatins, which he reprted t the Ryal Sciety f Lndn, are amng the first descriptins f micrbes, Leeuwenhek discvered an entire universe invisible t the human eye.He fund different micrbes in samples f pnd water, rain water, and human bld.He gave the first descriptin f red bld cells, bserved plant tissue, examined muscle, and investigated the life cycle f insects.
Nearly tw hundred years later, Leeuwenhek’s discvery f micrbes helped French chemist and bilgist Luis Pasteur t develp his “thery f disease”．This cncept suggested that disease riginates frm tiny rganisms attacking and weakening the bdy.Pasteur’s thery later helped dctrs t fight infectius diseases including anthrax, diphtheria, pli, smallpx, tetanus, and typhid.All these breakthrughs were the result f Leeuwenhek’s riginal wrk.Leeuwenhek did nt fresee this legacy.
In a 1716 letter, he described his cntributin t science this way：“My wrk, which I’ve dne fr a lng time, was nt pursued in rder t gain the praise I nw enjy, but chiefly frm a strng desire fr knwledge, which I ntice resides in me mre than in mst ther men.And therefre, whenever I fund ut anything remarkable, I have thught it my duty t put dwn my discvery n paper, s that the scientific cmmunity might be infrmed theref.”
22．What is the crrect rder fr the fllwing events?a．Magnifying lenses were built.b．The “thery f disease” was put frward.c．Micrbes were discvered in samples f waters.d．Leeuwenhek’s first micrscpes were successfully develped.e．Leeuwenhek explained his thughts upn his wn cntributin.A．a－d－c－e－b. B．d－a－c－e－b.C．a－d－c－b－e. D．d－a－e－b－c.
【解题示范】 细节排序题。根据第一段中“In the late 1600s, Leeuwenhek, inspired by the magnifying lenses he used t examine clth, built sme f the first micrscpes.He develped a technique t imprve the quality f tiny, runded lenses, sme f which culd magnify an bject up t 270 times.(17世纪晚期，Leeuwenhek受他用来检查布料的放大镜的启发，制造了第一批显微镜。他发明了一种技术来提高微小圆角透镜的质量，其中一些可以将物体放大270倍。)”可知，a“制造了放大镜。”排在第一，d“Leeuwenhek的第一批显微镜被成功研制出来。”排在第二，故排除B、D选项；
细节理解题考查考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节的理解，特点是题干针对原文提到的某事物、现象或理论进行发问。细节理解题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，是最重要的得分点。
直接细节题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍电影介绍类、演出信息类等。题目一般就文中的某一具体事实细节设题，设问方式多为以5W1H(what, wh, when, where, why和hw)等开头的特殊疑问句，在原文中可直接找到答案。
直接细节题主要考查对某句话或某几句话的理解，“题干定位法”是做事实细节题最基本的也是最常用的方法：第一步：根据题干内容提取关键信息定位词。定位词主要是题干中的名词、动词和数词等，即问题的核心信息。在原文中查找定位词或定位词的近义词，找出相关的句子；第二步：运用跳读、略读技巧快速在原文中查找定位词或定位词的近义词，迅速定位原文，找出相关的句子；第三步：分析比对选项与文中细节，得出正确答案。
(2020·全国ⅠA)Train InfrmatinAll custmers travelling n TransLink services must be in pssessin f a valid ticket befre barding.Fr ticket infrmatin, please ask at yur lcal statin r call 13 12 30．While Queensland Rail makes every effrt t ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be n guarantee f cnnectins between trains r between train services and bus services.
Lst prperty(失物招领)Call Lst Prperty n 13 16 17 during business hurs fr items lst n Queensland Rail services.The lst prperty ffice is pen Mnday t Friday 7:33 am t 5:00 pm and is lcated(位于) at Rma Street statin.Public hlidaysOn public hlidays, generally a Sunday timetable perates.On certain majr event days, i.e. Australia Day, Anzac Day, sprting and cultural days, special additinal services may perate.Christmas Day services perate t a Christmas Day timetable.Befre travel please visit r call TransLink n 13 12 30 anytime.
Custmers using mbility devicesMany statins have wheelchair access frm the car park r entrance t the statin platfrms.Fr assistance, please call Queensland Rail n 13 16 17．
Guardian trains (utbund)
What wuld yu d t get ticket infrmatin?A．Call 13 16 17． B．Visit ．Ask at the lcal statin.D．Check the train schedule.
【解题示范】 第一步：阅读题干， 找出题干关键词ticket infrmatin第二步：迅速定位到第一段第二句“Fr ticket infrmatin, please ask at yur lcal statin r call 13 12 30．(车票信息请到您所在的车站询问或拨打131230查询。)”。仔细对比选项，进而确定答案。故选C。
考查间接信息题时，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。常用方式是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言(词汇和句式结构)改头换面，或者把文中信息整合归纳，来表达相同的意思。
在做间接细节理解题时，要根据所找信息，分析选项，对比其中所用词汇，以及表达方式，最后确定选项。第一步：阅读题干，确定关键词；第二步：定位题干关键词的转换形式(同义词、近义词、释义等)，或者对原文的概括归纳，锁定原文相关信息；第三步：利用正确选项特征，确定答案。
正确选项特征：(1)用同义或近义词(组)复现。(2)同根词或原词复现。(3)语言简化或对原文概括归纳。简化原文中的复杂语言现象，或者用一句话概括归纳原文的某一部分，并设置为答案。(4)反义词复现。把原文中的意思反过来表达。
(2020·全国ⅡB)Sme parents will buy any high-tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children at the University f Chicag, fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills.Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin(认知) after cntrlling fr differences in parents’ incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.
“The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt, n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋转) and translate shapes, ” Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f children in the study played with puzzles at ne time.Higher-incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre frequently, and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial skills.Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls, and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than the parents f girls.The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.
Hw d bys differ frm girls in puzzle play?A．They play with puzzles mre ften. B．They tend t talk less during the game. C．They prefer t use mre spatial language. D．They are likely t play with tugher puzzles.
【解题示范】 第一步： 阅读题干， 找出关键词：differ frm girls。第二步： 迅速定位到倒数第二段“Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls”可知， 男孩比女孩更倾向于玩较复杂的拼图。仔细对比选项， tugher替换了文中的“mre cmplex”。故选D。
既然是阅读理解题，数字计算题并不是真正考查考生的数学计算能力，主要仍是考查考生对文中涉及一些数字的某部分和题干的理解能力，数学计算方面是很基础的简单的。
1．审明题干要求，提取题干中的关键词寻读原文，同时标记数字、时间、年代等相关信息。2．弄清题干询问数据与原文数据的逻辑关系，并进行加减乘除计算。3．特殊信息词应注意：(1)特殊数字：decade十年；frtnight两周；duble两倍；cuple两个；scre二十；dzen十二。(2)特殊词汇：ff削价，减价；discunt折扣。
(2018·江苏高考A篇)Admissin$25.00 recmmended fr adults, $12.00 recmmended fr students, includes the Main Building and The Clisters (回廊) n the same day；free fr children under 12 with an
56．Hw much may they pay if an 11-year-ld girl and her wrking parents visit the museum?A．$12． B．$37． C．$50． D．$62．
【解题示范】 细节理解题。根据题干关键词Hw much和pay可迅速定位到原文信息“$25.00 recmmended fr adults, $12.00 recmmended fr students, includes the Main Building and The Clisters n the same day；free fr children under 12 with an adult.”可知，成人票价25美元，12岁以下儿童在大人的陪同下免费。因而11岁的女孩和其父母只需支付两张成人票款即可。通过计算可知答案应为C项。
细节排序题一般就是要求考生把所给四个选项按语篇中事情发生的时间先后顺序进行排序。
第一步：审读题干，根据原文和四个选项的内容，首先确定首和尾；第二步：根据首尾，排除掉部分选项，缩小范围。如排序内容较少，一般即可快速得出答案；第三步：如排序内容较多，再查看剩余选项的异同处，进一步缩小范围，以确定答案。
(2021·广东广州市高三一模)The histry f micrbilgy begins with a Dutch clth maker named Antni van Leeuwenhek, a man f n frmal scientific educatin.In the late 1600s, Leeuwenhek, inspired by the magnifying lenses he used t examine clth, built sme f the first micrscpes.He develped a technique t imprve the quality f tiny, runded lenses, sme f which culd magnify an bject up t 270 times.After remving sme plaque frm between his teeth and examining it under a lens, Leeuwenhek fund tiny twisting creatures, which he called “animalcules”．
His bservatins, which he reprted t the Ryal Sciety f Lndn, are amng the first descriptins f micrbes, Leeuwenhek discvered an entire universe invisible t the human eye.He fund different micrbes in samples f pnd water, rain water, and human bld.He gave the first descriptin f red bld cells, bserved plant tissue, examined muscle, and investigated the life cycle f insects.
Nearly tw hundred years later, Leeuwenhek’s discvery f micrbes helped French chemist and bilgist Luis Pasteur t develp his “thery f disease”．This cncept suggested that disease riginates frm tiny rganisms attacking and weakening the bdy.Pasteur’s thery later helped dctrs t fight infectius diseases including anthrax, diphtheria, pli, smallpx, tetanus, and typhid.All these breakthrughs were the result f Leeuwenhek’s riginal wrk.Leeuwenhek did nt fresee this legacy.
In a 1716 letter, he described his cntributin t science this way：“My wrk, which I’ve dne fr a lng time, was nt pursued in rder t gain the praise I nw enjy, but chiefly frm a strng desire fr knwledge, which I ntice resides in me mre than in mst ther men.And therefre, whenever I fund ut anything remarkable, I have thught it my duty t put dwn my discvery n paper, s that the scientific cmmunity might be infrmed theref.”
22．What is the crrect rder fr the fllwing events?a．Magnifying lenses were built.b．The “thery f disease” was put frward.c．Micrbes were discvered in samples f waters.d．Leeuwenhek’s first micrscpes were successfully develped.e．Leeuwenhek explained his thughts upn his wn cntributin.A．a－d－c－e－b. B．d－a－c－e－b.C．a－d－c－b－e. D．d－a－e－b－c.
【解题示范】 细节排序题。根据第一段中“In the late 1600s, Leeuwenhek, inspired by the magnifying lenses he used t examine clth, built sme f the first micrscpes.He develped a technique t imprve the quality f tiny, runded lenses, sme f which culd magnify an bject up t 270 times.(17世纪晚期，Leeuwenhek受他用来检查布料的放大镜的启发，制造了第一批显微镜。他发明了一种技术来提高微小圆角透镜的质量，其中一些可以将物体放大270倍。)”可知，a“制造了放大镜。”排在第一，d“Leeuwenhek的第一批显微镜被成功研制出来。”排在第二，故排除B、D选项；
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