Unit 3 Could you please clean your room？ - 八年级英语下册单元重点知识点讲解及巩固练习（人教版,,含解析）

人教英语八年级下册Unit 3知识点讲解总结及练习（含答案）

生词讲解

1. rubbish un,垃圾；废弃物

扩展：

垃圾相关表达 litter/rubbish/trash/garbage辨析

①　litter：指四下乱丢的、散落于地的废物，如纸屑等。

②　rubbish：指任何成堆的、破损的、用过的或无用的东西，尤指弃掉的垃圾堆

③　trash：指废物废料，糟粕等垃圾

④　garbage：主要厨房的剩菜剩饭或不能再用的食物

2. take out意为＂带出去；取出；拿出；除掉（动副结构）

①　take out sth from...将...从....拿出来

e.g.you can take out the book from the library.

②　take out the rubbish倒垃圾

 常见take构成的短语:

take up________    take back_________   take away_______   take a rest______ 

take your time_________   take one’s temperature__________

3. fold v.折叠；对折

反义词 unfold打开

fold the clothes 叠衣服

e.g:The paper should be folded in half

4. sweep v.打扫 过去式swept 过去分词swept

sweep the floor

5. mess n.杂乱；不整洁

①　messy adj:杂乱的

②　make a mess  制造混乱；搞成一团糟 

③　in a mess  乱糟糟，一团糟  

④　mess up将...搞砸

e.g:She says pets can make a mess of the house.她说动物能把屋子弄的一团糟

e.g:I am ask to organize the trip, but I mess it up.

6. throw v.扔   threw - thrown

①　thrown down 扔下  

②　throw away 扔掉  

③　throw ... to  将...扔给

7. all the time 频繁；反复；一直

e.g.He helps me all the time

辨析all time/all the time

①　all time 所有时间;全部时间

e.g:This is my favourite song of all time. 这是我有史以来最喜爱的一首歌

②　all the time （一段时间内）一直；总是；持续

e.g: He’s been thinking about this all the time.

8. neither adv&pron 也不；两者都不

①　neither adv.＂也不＂，位句首，表示前面的否定的内容也适用于另一个人或物

结构：neither + be/助动词/情态动词+主语。

e.g: Jack has never been to Shanghai and neither has Jim.

②　adj＂(两者)都不＂+n单， 谓语动词用单数。

e.g: Neither car is exactly what she wants. 这两辆车，哪一辆都不是她想要的。

③　pron:主语时谓语动词常用单数；常与of连用，neither of+名词复数(谓语单复都可)。(反义 both of)

e.g:  Neither of the answers is right. 两个答案都不对。

④　连　词

常用短语neither... nor＂既不……也不……＂，连接两个并列成分，表示否定意义； 并列主语时，谓语动词遵循＂就近原则＂。

e.g: Neither he nor I am good at swimming. 我和他都不擅长游泳。

9. as soon as 一...就 

引导时间状语从句，谓语遵循＂主将从现＂原则

e.g.I will tell him as soon as I see him .

e.g.When you are ill , see the doctor as soon as possible .

区分：as long as

扩展：遵循主将从现的词

if,as soon as, unless, until, before, after,when,while, as long as,the moment

10. pass v.递；走过；通过  n.通行证

e.g.Six months had passed, and we still had no news of them

①　pass sb sth =pass sth to sb(传递)

②　pass the exam（通过）

③　pass the store（路过）

辨析：pass和past

pass v/n.通过；传递

past adj.过去的

n.过去 (in the past)

prep.超过；越过

adv.经过  （pass =go/walk past）

11. borrow v 借用

borrow sth from sb

注意：borrow为瞬间动词，其延续性动词为keep

辨析：

lend 借出去 lend sb sth=lend sth to sb

12. hate v.厌恶，讨厌

一般不用于进行时态

①　hate to do sth讨厌一个具体或一次性和特指的动作

e.g:I hate to do this to you

②　hate doing sth讨厌做习惯性或经常性不具体的动作

e.g:I hate doing the dishes. It's so boring

13. chore cn.杂务；乏味无聊的工作

 do chores

14. while conj.当...的时候；然而

n.一会儿的时间

1）当...时候，引导时间状语从句,从句中的谓语动词应用延续性动词或表示状态的词

e.g.While the discussion was still going on,George came in.

辨析while 和when：

①　从句动作：while延续性动词连用;when可与延续也可与非延续性动词连用

e.g.Strike while/when the iron is hot．

②　事情发生时间：while强调主从同时性，when可前后发生；

e.g.When he had finished his homework，he took a short rest．

③　当主从同时发生且从句为延续性动词，when/while都可；

e.g.When ／While  we were dancing，a stranger came in

④　若主从都用进行时，用while;主将从现用when

e.g.When the manager comes here for a visit next week，I’ll talk with him about this.

2）“而,然而”,表前后意义上的对比或转折

e.g:Some people waste food while others haven't enough.

15. snack cn.点心；小吃
16. stress un.精神压力；重音   v 强调

e.g:Too much stress is bad for your health.

17. waste n&v 浪费；垃圾

adj:废弃的   waste paper

①　waste time/money on sth/in doing sth

②　It’s a waste of time to do sth/doing sth

e.g:It is a waste of time to read such a magazine

18. in order to 目的是；为了

order n命令；指示；顺序；订单

v命令；点(菜、饮料等)；订(货)

in order to do sth    否定式结构为in order not to do sth ＂为了不做某事＂

in order that 从句=so that

e.g:He kept silent over the matter in order not to lose his job.

19. provide v提供；供应

provide sth for sb=provide sb with sth给某人提供某物

20. anyway adv.而且；不管怎样；无论如何

e.g.Anyway she said what was in her mind.

21. depend on 依靠；取决于

+n/doing/宾语从句/特殊疑问词+不定式

e.g:You are adults now and should not depend on your parents.

e.g:Whether we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

e.g:The value of life does not depend on who you are, but what you do.

22. develop v.发展

develop into发展成...

developed adj. 发达的　　　　　　　　developing adj. 发展中的 

developer n. 开发者　　　　　　　　　development n. 发展，开发

23. independence un独立

adj.independent

24. fairness n.公正性；合理性

adj:fair   反义词unfair

25. since conj因为，既然；从...以后

①　自从

e.g: I have stayed in that country since 1995

②　因为；既然（侧重主句，从句表示显然的或已为人所知的理由）

e.g:He didn’t come since he was busy.

26. ill adj.生病的；有病的（表语）

adj:坏的；邪恶的（定语）e.g:he is an ill man.

fall ill生病

辨析：ill  sick

sick adj.生病的，恶心的（可做定语/表语）

e.g.The man was sick.

27. drop v.落下；掉下  过去式 dropped

drop by sp顺便访问....

重点句型及知识点

1. And she won’t be happy if she sees this mess. 如果她看到这样不整洁，她会不高兴的
2. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over.

the minute...意为＂一……就……＂主将从现=as soon as

3. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.

句式结构：neither + be/助动词/情态动词+主语

4. ＂What happened?＂ she asked in surprise.

in/with  surprise表示状态，＂吃惊地，惊讶地＂

5. Could you lend me some money?
6. They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university.
7. It is the parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.
8. Children these days depend on their parents too much.
9. Doing chores helps to develop children’s independence and teaches them how to look after thenselves. 做家务帮助培养孩子们的独立性并教会他们怎样去照顾自己。
10. As a result, he often fell ill and his grades dropped. 结果，他经常生病，成绩也下降了
11. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.

GRAMMER

情态动词could的用法

一、提出礼貌的请求

could表示委婉地请求

肯定回答：Yes, sure. / Sure. / Of course. / No problem.

否定回答：Sorry. / Sorry, I can’t.

 —Could you come here soon? 你尽快过来，行吗？

—Sure. 当然可以。

 —Could you please close the window? 请你关上窗户好吗？

—I’m afraid not. 恐怕不行。

【注意】其否定结构为：Could you（please）not do...?

二、表示请求许可

 could表示请求允许，结构为：Could I/we +动词原形+...?

肯定回答：Sure. / Of course. / No problem.

否定回答：I’m sorry / Sorry, you can’t. /No, you can’t. 

注意：could不是can的过去式，而是用来表示委婉语气，回答时不能用could，而要用can。

☞ —Could I use your bicycle? 我可以用你的自行车吗？

—Yes, you can. 是的，可以。

三、could与can的区别

could与can都是情态动词，could是can的过去式。二者都可用于表示请求，但是用法稍有不同：

1. can表一般性的请求，语气随便，常用于熟人之间或长辈对晚辈、上级对下级的场合。

☞ Can you tell us your story, Tony?

2. could表有礼貌地请求，语气委婉，常用于非熟人之间或晚辈对长辈、下级对上级的场合。

☞ —Could you tell us if it snows in winter in Australia?

—Sure.

八年级下册unit3重要知识点巩固练习及答案

一、重要词汇

1. 垃圾；废弃物 n.__________

2.地板n.__________

3.杂乱;不整洁n.__________

4.扔；掷v.__________

5.也不adv.__________

6. 衬衫n.__________

7.给;递;走过;通过v.__________

8.借;借用v.__________

9.借给;借出 v.__________

10.手指cn.__________

11. 厌恶；讨厌v.__________

12. 与...同吋;当...的时候;然而conj.__________

13. 浪费;垃圾n.__________

浪费；滥用v.

14. 提供;供应v.__________
15. 而且；加之;adv.__________

16.依靠;信赖v.__________

18. 发展；壮大v.__________

19. 独立自主的;不受约束的adj.__________

20. 独立n.__________

21. 因为;既然conj.__________

从...以后；自...以來 prep. conj.& adv.

22. 邻居n.__________

23. 有病；不舒服adj.__________

24.落下;掉下v.__________

25. 合理的；公正的adj.__________

26. 不合理的;不公正的adj.__________

27. fairness n.__________

28. fold v.__________

29. sweep v.__________

30. chore n.__________

31. snack cn.__________

32. stress un.__________

I. 重点短语。（汉译英）

1.洗餐具________________

2.倒垃圾________________

3.叠衣服________________

4.扫地__________________

5.整理床铺._______________

6.搭车_______________

7.帮助做几件事__________

8.对某人生气_____________

9.解决问题_____________

10.遛狗_____________

11.一直_____________

12. 整天_____________

整个晚上_____________

13. 吃惊地_____________

14. 闲逛_____________

15. 把⋯弄湿_____________

16. 在⋯方面帮助_____________

17. 邀请我的朋友来参加聚会_____________

18. 参加考试_____________

19. 做家务_____________

20. 为了做某事_____________

21. 取得好成绩_____________

22. 给某人提供某物_____________

23. 依靠_____________

24. 培养孩子们的独立性_____________

25. 教会他们如何照顾好自己_____________

26. 在⋯中做自己的那一部分_____________

27.让房子保持干净_____________

28. 不知道_____________

29. 照顾_____________

30. 因此_____________

31. 生病_____________

32. 做杂活_____________

33. 把时间花在⋯上_____________

34.同意_____________

二、完成句子

1.   一彼得,请你去倒一下坛圾好吗？

Peter, could you please______  _______the rubbish?

____当然可以，妈妈。_______,Mom.

2.   一我能用一下你的电脑吗？

-Could I______your computer?

一对不起。我现在要用它工作

______,I' m going towork______it now.

3.   我一在电视机前坐下，我妈妈就过来了。

The______I sat down in______of the TV, my mom came______.

4.   我和你一样累。

Iam______tired______you are.

5.   他没去，我也没太。

He didn'tgo._____   ______ I.

6.   你在帮我洗餐具的时候我会完成家庭作业。

I’ll  finish myhomework______you help me______the dishes.

7.   这意味着快速地浏览一篇文章。

This means______quickly______ a ______of writing.

8.   家务活浪费他们的时向。

Housework is a______  ______their time.

9.   （某人）没有必要做某事。

There is______  ______(______  sb)______  ______sth.

10. 某人做某事很重要

______is important______sb.______  ______sth.

10. 既然他们与父母佳仁一所房了里

______they live inone house with their parents.

11. 他们的成绩下降。

Their grades______.

12. 孩子们越早学会独立,对他们的未来就越好。

The______kids learn to be independent,______  ______it is for theirfuture.

14. 做某事是公平的/不公平的

______is ______to do sth.

知识点巩固答案

一、重要词汇

1. rubbish 2. floor  3. mess 4. throw 5.neither 6. shirt 7. pass  8. borrow

9. lend  10. finger  11. hate 12. while 13. waste  14. provide  15. anyway 16. depend

18.develop 19. independent 20.independence 21. since 22.neighbor 23. ill 

24.drop 25. fair 26. unfair 27. 公正性；合理性 28. 折叠;对折 20.扫;打扫 30. 杂务;乏味无聊的工作 31.点心;小吃;快餐 32.精神压力;心理负担

二、重点短语。

1.do the dishes

2. take out the rubbish

3. fold your clothes

4. sweep the floor

5. make your bed

 6. get a ride

 7. help out with a few things

8. be angry with sb.

9.solve the problem

10. take the dog for a walk

11. all the time

12. all day; all evening

13. in surprise

14. hang out

15. get sth. wet

16.help with

17. invite my friends to a party

18.have a test

19.do housework

20. in order to do sth.

21. get good grades

22.provide sth. for sb.

23. depend on

24. develop children's independence

25. teach them how to look after themselves

26. do one's part in

27. keep the house clean

28. have no idea

29.take care of

30. as a result

31. fall ill

32. do chores

33.spend time on sth.

34. agree with

三、完成句子

take out; Sure

1. use; Sorry; on

3. minute; front; over

4. as; as

5. Neither did

6. while; with

7. looking; through;piece

8. waste of

9. no need (for) ; to do

10. It; for; to do

11. Since

12. dropped

13. earlier; the better

14. It; fair/unfair