主题11 历史与地理-2022年高考英语一轮复习热门主题词汇记忆+题型突破专练

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2022年高考英语一轮复习热门主题词汇记忆+题型突破专练
主题11 历史与地理
【主题词汇记忆】
【高频单词】
·识记1·
1. abundant 　　　 adj. 大量的, 丰盛的, 充裕的
2. ambassador n. 大使
3. bay n. 海湾
4. border n. 边(沿); 边界, 国界
5. capital n. 首都
6. condition n. 条件, 状况
7. consist vi. 由……组成
8. continent n. 大陆, 大洲
9. country n. 国家; 农村, 乡下
countryside n. 乡下, 农村
10. desert n. 沙漠　v. 舍弃; 遗弃
·识记2·
1. deserve v. (不用于进行时态)应得, 应受
2. differ vi. 相异, 有区别
difference n. 不同
3. dinosaur n. 恐龙
4. disappear vi. 消失
5. disaster n. 灾难; 祸患
6. discover v. 发现
discovery n. 发现
7. distance n. 距离
8. disturb v. 扰乱; 打扰
disturbing adj. 令人不安的, 引起恐慌的
9. divide v. 分, 划分
10. frontier n. 边境, 国界; 前沿, 前线
·识记3·
1. exploit vt. 开采, 开发, 利用, 剥削
2. explore v. 探险
explorer n. 探险者
3. framework n. (建筑物)框架, 结构
4. geography n. 地理
5. history n. 历史
6. immigration n. 移居
7. independence n. 独立
independent adj. 独立的, 有主见的
8. landmark n. 地标性建筑
9. located adj. 位于
10. measure v. 量
·识记4·
1. memorial n. 纪念碑
2. memory n. 回忆, 记忆
memorize v. 记忆
3. mineral n. 矿物质, 矿物
4. mountainous adj. 多山的
5. origin n. 起源, 由来
6. period n. 时期, 时代
7. position n. 位置
8. primitive adj. 原始的, 远古的
9. pyramid n. 金字塔
10. reflect v. 反映, 反射
·识记5·
1. remain vi. 剩下; 保持, 仍是
2. remote adj. 偏远的, 偏僻的
3. ruin v. (使)毁坏; (使) 毁灭
n. (复) 废墟; 遗迹
4. slavery n. 奴隶制度
5. stable adj. 稳固的, 牢固的
6. unfortunate adj. 不幸的
unfortunately adv. 不幸地
7. widespread adj. 分布广的, 普遍的
8. witness n. 目击者
v. 为……作证
9. world-famous adj. 世界闻名的
10. worldwide adj. 遍及全球的, 世界范围的
【高频短语】
·识记1·
1. be surrounded by/with. . . 　　　 被……环绕着/包围着
2. be located in. . . 坐落在……
3. be rich in 富含……
4. be made up of 由……组成
5. be famous/well-known for 以……闻名
6. be known as 作为……而出名
7. be separated from 与……分离
8. behind the times 落在时代后面
9. date from (date back to) 追溯到; 始于
10. have a population of 有……人口
·识记2·
1. have/cover an area of. . . square kilometers/meters
占地面积为……平方千米/米
2. have a history of 有……的历史
3. in the course of 在……期间; 在……过程中
4. in the name of 以……的名义
5. in the early 1920s 在20世纪20年代初
6. in the long run 从长远来看, 最后
7. lie in 位于; 在于
8. natural resources 自然资源
9. settle down 定居
10. take on a new look 呈现新面貌
【佳句品读】
1. I feel proud of knowing your interest in Chinese history.
知道你对中国历史感兴趣, 我感到自豪。
2. Confucius is considered as the greatest of the ancient Chinese sages.
孔子被认为是古代中国最伟大的圣人。
3. We can know more about the life of great people as well as history and cultures of other countries.
我们能够更多地了解伟人的生活以及其他国家的历史和文化。
4. Firstly, I’d like to tell you something about the weather in my city, which is often windy and very cold in winter.
首先, 我想给你们介绍一下我的城市的天气, 通常多风而且冬天非常寒冷。
5. However, I think that you will quickly adjust to them although the weather and the food are different from yours.
可是, 我认为你们会很快适应, 尽管天气和食物都与你们那里的不同。
6. There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activities that have caused this global warming.
毫无疑问, 地球正变得更加暖和, 全球变暖正是人类活动所致。
7. Having realized the great harm caused by the haze and the importance of protecting the environment, people all over the country are taking measures to reduce the hazy weather.
意识到雾霾造成的严重危害和保护环境的重要性, 全国人民正采取措施减少雾霾天气。
8. Standing on the top of the hill is a monument, dating back to hundreds of years ago.
矗立在山顶上的是一座纪念碑, 它可以追溯到几百年前。
9. In ancient times, the fastest way to travel was to ride a horse or carriage.
在古代, 最快的旅行方式是骑马或是坐马车。
10. Qianmen Street, with a history of 600 years, is 800 meters in length, along which there are more than 300 shops.
前门大街有600年的历史, 800米长, 沿街有300多家店铺。
11. The village, located on the East Sea, has a history of more than 300 years and a population of 200, 000.
这个村庄坐落在东海之滨, 有着300多年的历史和20万人口。
12. Our lab building is in the centre of the school. There is a beautiful garden in front of it and our classroom building is right behind it.
我们的实验楼在学校中心。在它的前面有一个美丽的花园。我们的教学楼就在它的后面。
13. China lies in the east of Asia and on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean.
中国位于亚洲东部, 太平洋的西岸。
14. Britain, with an area of over 240 thousand km2, is located in the northwest of the European Continent, surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean.
英国占地超过24万平方千米, 位于欧洲大陆西北部, 被大西洋包围。
15. There are quite a lot of places of interest in Xi’an, such as the Terracotta Warriors and Horses, the old City Wall and so on.
西安有许多名胜古迹, 比如兵马俑、古城墙等。
16. Its capital city London also serves as one of the major international financial centers in the world.
它的首都伦敦也是世界上主要的国际金融中心之一。
17. Ancient China was one of the earliest centers of human civilization.
古代中国是人类文明最早的中心之一。
18. Its total land area is 16, 808 square kilometers, among which the mountain areas account for 52%.
它的总占地面积为16 808平方千米, 其中山区占52%。
19. Beijing is a city where the old cultural traditions and the modern civilization are well combined.
北京是一个古老的文化传统和现代文明完美融合的城市。
20. In ancient times, China got through about 20 dynasties, such as Xia Dynasty, Shang Dynasty and so on.
在古代, 中国经历了夏、商等约20个朝代。
【题型突破专练】
一、阅读理解
1
The Sanxingdui Museum in southwest China’s Sichuan Province enjoyed huge popularity during the three-day Qingming Festival holidays by receiving nearly 20,000 visitors on the peak day, after the new archaeological discoveries brought international attention.
According to media reports, the museum saw over 15,000 visitors on Saturday, the first day of the Qingming Festival, breaking its record for daily visitors. And on the next day, more visitors flooded into the museum to exceed 19,800. To cope with the large flow of people, on Sunday afternoon, the official Weibo account of the Sanxingdui Museum released advice to visitors to reschedule their visiting time and travel off peak.
The Sanxingdui Museum showcases various kinds of precious cultural relics unearthed at the site, such as the 2.62-meter-tall standing statue, 1.38-meter-wide bronze mask, 3.95-meter-high bronze tree. Earlier on March 20, Chinese archaeologists announced some new major discoveries made during the 37th excavation since its last excavation 35 years ago. The ruins were first discovered in the late 1920s and first excavated in 1934. More than 500 important cultural relics have been unearthed in the six newly-found pits. Since the new discoveries were known to the public, the number of people visiting the Sanxingdui Museum has increased sharply.
The museum said although they are open as usual, the newly-found pits have not opened to the public yet and the newly-excavated cultural relics are still under repair and cannot meet the public at present. But a hall for cultural relic conservation and repair will be in pilot operation in April and officially open on May 18. Visitors to it can see how the relics are repaired, according to Zhu Yarong, vice director of the Sanxingdui Museum.
Dating back about 3,000 years, the Sanxingdui Ruins have cast light on the ancient Shu civilization and cultural origins of the Chinese nation, and have been regarded one of the most important archaeological discoveries in the 20th century.
1. How did the Sanxingdui Museum deal with too many visitors?
A. It opens an official Weibo account. B. It advises visitors to avoid rush hours.
C. It reschedules its open time. D. It closes the newly-found pits.
2. What does the underlined word “pilot” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Private. B. Official. C. Trial. D. Personal.
3. What is the text mainly about?
A. The Sanxingdui Ruins is a popular tourist attraction.
B. Qingming Festival holidays is a best time to travel.
C. The Sanxingdui Museum gives insights into Chinese history.
D. New discoveries increases Sanxingdui Museum’s popularity.
4. Where is this text most likely from?
A. An official document. B. A diary.
C. A travel brochure. D. A news report.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. D
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道由于新的考古发现，三星堆博物馆在清明节假期游客激增。还介绍了此次清明节游客激增、展出的各种文物的情况以及博物馆未来试行运营的情况。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“To cope with the large flow of people, on Sunday afternoon, the official Weibo account of the Sanxingdui Museum released advice to visitors to reschedule their visiting time and travel off peak. (为了应对庞大的人流量，周日下午，三星堆博物馆的官方微博账号发布了建议，建议游客重新安排参观时间和非高峰旅游)”可知，三星堆博物馆通过建议游客避开高峰时间，来应对这么多游客。故选B。
2. 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“The museum said although they are open as usual, the newly-found pits have not opened to the public yet and the newly-excavated cultural relics are still under restoration and cannot meet the public currently.”可知，博物馆表示，虽然照常开放，但新发现的坑尚未向公众开放，新发掘的文物仍在修复中，目前无法满足公众需求，此处与划线词所在句是转折关系，结合本段最后一句“Visitors to it can see how the relics are restored(去那里的参观者可以看到文物是如何修复的)”可推知，划线词所在句意思是：但一个文物保护和修复大厅将于4月试行运营，并于5月18日正式开放。故画线词pilot意为“试验的”。A. Private.私人的；B. Official.官方的；C. Trial.试验的；D. Personal.个人的。故选C。
3. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The Sanxingdui Museum in southwest China’s Sichuan Province enjoyed huge popularity during the three-day Qingming Festival holidays by receiving nearly 20,000 visitors on the peak day, after the new archaeological discoveries brought international attention.( 在新的考古发现引起国际关注后，位于中国西南部四川省的三星堆博物馆在清明节三天假期期间广受欢迎，高峰一天接待了近2万名游客)”结合文章主要讲述由于新的考古发现，三星堆博物馆在清明节假期游客激增。还介绍了此次清明节游客激增、展出的各种文物的情况以及博物馆未来试行运营的情况。可知，文章主要讲的是新发现增加了三星堆博物馆的知名度。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。根据文章主要讲述由于新的考古发现，三星堆博物馆在清明节假期游客激增。还介绍了此次清明节游客激增、展出的各种文物的情况以及博物馆未来试行运营的情况。这属于新闻报道的范畴，由此推知，文章最可能来自新闻报道。故选D。
2
It was a simple letter asking for a place to study at Scotland's oldest university which helped start a revolution in higher education. A 140-year-old letter written by a lady calling for her to be led to study medicine at St Andrews University has been discovered by researchers. Written by Sophia Jex-Blake in 1873, the seven-page document, which urged the university to allow women to study medicine at the institution, was released yesterday on International Women's Day.
The document was discovered buried in the university archives by part-time history student Lis Smith, who is completing her PhD at St Andrews Institute of Scottish Historical Research. She said, "We knew that Sophia Jex-Blake and her supporters, in their effort to open up university medical education for women, had written to the Senatus Academicus（校评议委员会）at St Andrews in an attempt to gain permission to attend classes there, but we didn't know documentary evidence existed. While searching the archives for information about the university's higher certificate for women, I was astonished to come across what must be the very letter Jex-Blake wrote."
In the letter, Sophia and her supporters offered to hire teachers or build suitable buildings for a medical school and to arrange for lectures to be delivered in the subjects not already covered at St Andrews. Although her letter was not successful, it eventually led to the establishment of the Ladies Literate in Arts at St Andrews, a distance-learning degree for women. The qualification, which ran from 1877 until the 1930s, gave women access to university education in the days before they were admitted as students. It was so popular that it survived long after women were admitted as full students to St Andrews in 1892.
Ms Jex-Blake went on to help establish the London School of Medicine for Women in 1874. She was accepted by the University of Berne, where she was awarded a medical degree in January 1877. Eventually, she moved back to Edinburgh and opened her own practice.
5. Sophia wrote a letter to St Andrews University because she wanted________.
A. to carry out a research project there
B. to set up a medical institute there
C. to study medicine there
D. to deliver lectures there
6. Lis Smith found Sophia's letter to St Andrews University________.
A. by pure chance B. in the school office
C. with her supporters' help D. while reading history book
7. Sophia's letter resulted in the establishment of________.
A. the London School of Medicine for Women
B. a degree programme for women
C. a system of medical education
D. the University of Berner
【答案】5. C 6. A 7. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章向人们介绍了一封尘封了140年信。该信被研究人员偶然发现,那是一位女士向圣安德鲁斯大学写的学医申请信，只是要求在苏格兰最古老的大学里能有一席之地学习。这封由名叫索菲亚・杰克斯・布莱克的女性于1873年写的信在昨天的国际妇女节上被发布出来，整整七页的信敦促大学允许女性在医学研究机构学习，从而促使了妇女学位课程的创立。
5. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Written by Sophia Jex-Blake in 1873, the seven-page document, which urged the university to allow women to study medicine at the institution, was released yesterday on International Women's Day. (这份长达7页的文件由索菲亚·杰克斯·布莱克于1873年撰写，敦促牛津大学允许女性在该机构学习医学。该文件于昨天的“国际妇女节”发布。)”可知，索菲亚给圣安德鲁斯大学写了一封信，因为她想在那里学医。故选C。
6. 推理判断题。根据第二段“The document was discovered buried in the university archives by part-time history student Lis Smith, who is completing her PhD at St Andrews Institute of Scottish Historical Research. (这份文件是由在圣安德鲁斯苏格兰历史研究学院攻读博士学位的历史学学生李·史密斯在大学档案中发现的。)”可推断，此信的发现纯属偶然。故选A。
7. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Although her letter was not successful, it eventually led to the establishment of the Ladies Literate in Arts at St Andrews, a distance-learning degree for women. (尽管她的信没有成功，但最终促成了圣安德鲁斯女子艺术教育机构的建立，这是一个面向女性的远程学习学位。)”可知，此信促使了妇女学位课程的创立。故选B。
3
From picture-perfect beaches to mountains, wildlife and iconic structures, New South Wales, Australia, offers plenty to enjoy. This beautiful state is located on Australia's breathtaking eastern coast. Sydney, the capital of New South Wales and Australia's most populated city, accommodates more than 5million people.
No trip to Sydney would be complete without a visit to Australia's most famous landmark, the Sydney Opera House. Its unique appearance was designed to resemble a ship's sails and its historic importance is recognized by people all over the world. The Opera House welcomes more than 8 million visitors each year, making it the country's most popular tourist spot. It is also one of the world's busiest performing arts centers, featuring more than 2,000 performances annually.
The Opera House is open 363 days a year, and admission is free. Tours are available throughout the day in seven different languages. For those who arrive hungry, Opera House restaurants offer everything from snacks to fine dining.
“Stunning natural beauty” describes the Blue Mountains of New South Wales. This wilderness area, also on the World Heritage list, is a large, mountainous region that covers 1.03 million hectares. It is home to a vast number of Australia's birds and other forms of wildlife. One of the most visited sites is the Three Sisters, named for its unique rock formations.
Off the coast of New South Wales lies a remote island called Lord Howe Island. Created by a volcano, the island is surrounded by beautiful reefs. Two mountains tower over a bay with sandy, white beaches. Visitors can enjoy beach walks, mountain hikes, water activities (above and below the water), exceptional bird watching and more. About 380 people live on it, and a maximum of 400visitors can visit at one time.
New South Wales offers its visitors an abundance of experiences to choose from and many memories that will last a lifetime.
8. How is the importance of Sydney Opera House expressed?
A. By offering supportive views. B. By stating personal experiences.
C. By listing facts and numbers. D. By describing its unique appearance.
9. What can we know about the Opera House?
A. It's highly recommended to bring your own food.
B. Language probably won't be a barrier during tours.
C. The admission fee is acceptable for most people.
D. It is open all year round on account of its popularity.
10. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 5?
A. New South Wales. B. Lord Howe Island. C. Blue Mountains. D. Three Sisters.
11. What is the most suitable title for the text?
A. Unforgettable 'Tour in the Opera House. B. Charming Places to Visit in Sydney.
C. Unique Geographical Features of Australia. D. Striking Beauty of New South Wales.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. B 11. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚的新南威尔士州，介绍了其澳大利亚最著名的地标悉尼歌剧院的情况以及其它新南威尔士的著名景观。
8. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Its unique appearance was designed to resemble a ship's sails and its historic importance is recognized by people all over the world. The Opera House welcomes more than 8 million visitors each year, making it the country's most popular tourist spot. It is also one of the world's busiest performing arts centers, featuring more than 2,000 performances annually.(它独特的外观被设计成船帆的样子，它的历史重要性被全世界的人们所认识。歌剧院每年接待超过800万游客，使其成为英国最受欢迎的旅游景点。它也是世界上最繁忙的表演艺术中心之一，每年有2000多场表演)”可推知，通过列举事实和数字来表达悉尼歌剧院的重要性。故选C。
9. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Tours are available throughout the day in seven different languages.(全天有七种不同的语言可供游览使用)”可知，语言可能不会是游览歌剧院的障碍。故选B。
10. 词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中“Off the coast of New South Wales lies a remote island called Lord Howe Island. Created by a volcano, the island is surrounded by beautiful reefs. Two mountains tower over a bay with sandy, white beaches. Visitors can enjoy beach walks, mountain hikes, water activities (above and below the water), exceptional bird watching and more.(在新南威尔士州海岸外有一个偏僻的岛屿，叫做豪勋爵岛。这座岛屿由火山形成，四周环绕着美丽的珊瑚礁。两座山耸立在一个有着白色沙滩的海湾上。游客可以在海滩散步、登山、水上活动（水上和水下）、观赏独特的鸟类等等)”以及画线词上文“About 380 people live on”可知，有大约380人住在豪勋爵岛上面，故it指的是“Lord Howe Island”。故选B。
11. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“From picture-perfect beaches to mountains, wildlife and iconic structures, New South Wales, Australia, offers plenty to enjoy. This beautiful state is located on Australia's breathtaking eastern coast. Sydney, the capital of New South Wales and Australia's most populated city, accommodates more than 5million people.(从风景如画的海滩，山脉，野生动物和标志性建筑，新南威尔士州，澳大利亚，提供了很多享受。 这个美丽的州位于澳大利亚令人叹为观止的东海岸。新南威尔士州首府悉尼是澳大利亚人口最多的城市，人口超过500万)”结合文章主要介绍了澳大利亚的新南威尔士州，介绍了其澳大利亚最著名的地标悉尼歌剧院的情况以及其它新南威尔士的著名景观。可知，D选项“新南威尔士引人注目的美丽”最符合文章标题。故选D。
4
Close to the North Pole, remote and rocky Plateau Mountain in the Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard seems an unlikely spot for any global effort to safeguard agriculture. In this cold and deserted environment, no grains, no gardens, no trees can grow. Yet at the end of a 130-meter-long tunnel cut out of solid stone is a room filled with humanity’s most precious treasure, the largest and most diverse seed collection—more than a half-billion seeds.
A quiet rescue mission is under way. With growing evidence that unchecked climate change will seriously affect food production and threaten the diversity of crops around the world, the Svalbard Global Seed Vault represents a major step towards ensuring the preservation of hundreds of thousands of crop varieties. This is a seed collection, but more importantly, it is a collection of the traits found within the seeds: the genes that give one variety resistance to a particular pest and another variety tolerance for hot, dry weather.
Few people will ever see or come into contact with the contents of this vault. In sealed boxes, behind multiple locked doors, monitored by electronic security systems, enveloped in below-zero temperatures, and surrounded by tons of rock, hundreds of millions of seeds are protected in their mountain fortress. Frozen in such conditions inside the mountain, seeds of most major crops will remain viable for hundreds of years, or longer. Seeds of some are capable of retaining their ability to grow for thousands of years.
Everyone can look back now and say that the Seed Vault was a good and obvious idea, and that of course the Norwegian government should have approved and funded it. But back in 2004, when the Seed Vault was proposed, it was viewed as a crazy, impractical, and expensive idea.
We knew that nothing would provide a definite guarantee. But we were tired, fed up, and frankly scared of the steady, greater losses of crop diversity. The Seed Vault was built by optimists who wanted to do something to preserve options so that humanity and its crops might be better prepared for change. If it simply resupplied seed gene banks with samples those gene banks had lost, this would repay our efforts.
The Seed Vault is about hope and commitment——about what can be done if countries come together and work cooperatively to accomplish something significant, long-lasting, and worthy of who we are and wish to be.
12. What is the Seed Vault according to the passage?
A. It’s a tunnel where the collected seeds are displayed.
B. It’s a stone room that contains the seeds of endangered crops.
C. It’s a seed gene bank that stores diverse seeds for future agriculture.
D. It’s a lab where researchers study how to maintain the diversity of crops.
13. What does the underlined word “viable” in Paragraph 3 probably means?
A. Mature. B. Alive. C. Clean. D. Valuable.
14. What does Paragraph 3 mainly tells us?
A. How the seeds are preserved. B. Where people keep the seeds.
C. Why the seeds are protected. D. What people do to study the seeds.
15. We can know from the passage that ________.
A. the Seed Vault offers a solution to climate change.
B. most countries took part in rescuing the seed varieties.
C. the Seed Vault guarantees to prevent the loss of crop diversity.
D. many people originally considered building the Seed Vault unwise.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。挪威斯Svalbard群岛的偏远多岩石的高原山成为全球保护农业的场所，是人类最珍贵的宝藏，是最大和最多样的种子收藏。
12. 细节理解题。根据第三段“hundreds of millions of seeds are protected in their mountain fortress（数以亿计的种子被保护在他们的山寨中。）”及“Seeds of some are capable of retaining their ability to grow for thousands of years.（有些作物的种子可以保持几千年的生长能力。）”可推断出，种子基因库可为未来的农业储存不同的种子。故选C项。
13. 词句猜测题。根据下文“Seeds of some are capable of retaining their ability to grow for thousands of years.（有些作物的种子可以保持几千年的生长能力。）”中的grow可推出，大多数主要农作物的种子会保持生命状态（viable）。alive意为“活着的，有生命力的”，符合题意。故选B项。
14. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“In sealed boxes, behind multiple locked doors, monitored by electronic security systems enveloped in below- zero temperatures, and surrounded by tons of rock, hundreds of millions of seeds are protected in their mountain fortress.（在密封的盒子里，在多个锁着的门后面，由电子安全系统监控，在低于零度的温度下被包裹，被成吨的岩石包围，数以亿计的种子被保护在他们的山寨中。）”可知，第三段主要是告诉我们种子是如何（how）储存的，故选A项。
15. 推理判断题。根据第四段“But back in 2004, when the Seed Vault was proposed, it was viewed as a crazy, impractical, and expensive idea.（但是早在2004年，当种子库被提出时，它就被认为是一个疯狂的、不切实际的、昂贵的想法。）”中的几个形容词（crazy, impractical, and expensive）可以推出，许多人原本认为建设种子库不明智的（unwise）。故选D项。
二、完形填空
Ask people to name the world's tallest peak and anybody with sound general knowledge will name Mount Qomolangma. But quiz them on its exact 16 and many will be not sure.
In 1975, Chinese surveyors 17 that Mount Qomolangma （Mount Everest） was 8848. 13 meters high. As 18 improved, satellites, photoelectricity, radars and gravity measurement technologies were 19 to get more exact figures. Of course, someone still had to carry 20 to what is the world's rooftop.
In 2005, a Chinese team scaled Qomolangma and found that it was not as high as that, as they 21 the height to be 8844. 43 meters. Scaling Qomolangma is no 22 task. The average air temperature there is -29 degrees Celsius, even four degrees 23 than in Antarctica. The snow there is 4 —5 meters thick and hurricane-like 24 blow all the time. Team members were training to 25 the extreme conditions.
In a nutshell, measuring the Qomolangma's height is a tall order, 26 huge amounts of money and human resources, But it is worth the 27 . Qomolangma is the perfect 28 for observing crustal （地壳的）movements. And changes to the peak's height could 29 whether the two plates are heading toward or away from each other.
Besides, the condition of snow and other natural materials at the top is an indicator of upcoming climate change on the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau. That's 30 measuring the Qomolangma's height is so significant. Put to good use, it can benefit mankind.
16. A. location B. appearance C. area D. height
17. A. determined B. assumed C. estimated D. admitted
18. A. condition B. technology C. society D. economy
19. A. employed B. expected C. approached D. inspired
20. A. weapons B. vehicles C. instruments D. packages
21. A. changed B. calculated C. extended D. expanded
22. A. glorious B. easy C. admirable D. tough
23. A. colder B. hotter C. higher D. lower
24. A. snows B. rains C. winds D. snowflakes
25. A. cope with B. fight for C. take on D. carry out
26. A. wasting B. spending C. overcoming D. involving
27. A. effort B. loss C. harvest D. achievement
28. A. channel B. window C. solution D. entrance
29. A. measure B. foresee C. indicate D. expose
30. A. where B. how C. why D. whether
【答案】16. D 17. A 18. B 19. A 20. C 21. B 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了测量高度珠穆拉玛峰的艰难以及其重要性。
16. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但如果你问他们它的确切高度，很多人都不会确定。A. location位置；B. appearance外貌；C. area地区；D. height高度。根据下文的1975年以及2005年对珠峰高度的测量可知，此处指的是对其高度的精确测量。故选D。
17. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：1975年，中国测量员确定珠穆朗玛峰(Mount Qomolangma)为8848.13米高。A. determined确定；B. assumed假设；C. estimated估计；D. admitted承认。根据下文As ____ improved, satellites, photoelectricity, radars and gravity measurement technologies were ______ to get more exact figures.应用先进的科技去进行进一步的测量可知，此空指的是中国的测量员确定珠峰的高度是8848.13米。故选A。
18. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着技术的进步，卫星、光电、雷达和重力测量技术被用来获得更精确的数据。A. condition条件；B. technology技术；C. society社会；D. economy经济。根据下文的satellites, photoelectricity, radars and gravity measurement technologies were ____ to get more exact figures.可知，卫星、光电、雷达和重力测量技术都是科技。故选B。
19. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着技术的进步，卫星、光电、雷达和重力测量技术被用来获得更精确的数据。A. employed运用；B. expected期望；C. approached接近；D. inspired鼓舞。根据下文的to get more exact figures可知，这些高科技被运用到测量珠峰精确的高度中。故选A。
20. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，仍然要有人要携带一些设备到世界屋脊。A. weapons武器；B. vehicles交通工具；C. instruments设备；D. packages包裹。根据常识可知，测量是需要设备仪器的，此处指的是需要携带一些设备登山。故选C。
21. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：2005年，一个中国团队测量了珠穆朗玛峰，发现它并没有那么高，因为他们计算的高度是8844.43米。A. changed改变；B. calculated计算；C. extended延伸；D. expanded扩大。根据上文In 2005, a Chinese team scaled Qomolangma and found that it was not as high as that以及下文the height to be 8844. 43 meters.可知，此处指的是中国登山队在2005年计算的珠峰的高度是8844.43米。故选B。
22. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：攀登珠穆朗玛峰并非易事。A. glorious光荣的；B. easy容易的；C. admirable令人钦慕的；D. tough艰难的。根据下文The average air temperature there is 29 degrees Celsius, even four degrees_____ than in Antarctica.可知，攀登珠峰并不是一件容易的事。故选B。
23. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那里的平均气温为-29摄氏度，甚至比南极洲低4摄氏度。A. colder更冷的；B. hotter更热的；C. higher更高的；D. lower更低的。根据29 degrees Celsius可知，此处表示珠峰的温度比南极洲还要低4摄氏度。故选D.
24. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那里的雪有4 -5米厚，像飓风一样的风一直在吹。A. snows雪；B. rains雨；C. winds风；D. snowflakes雪花。根据下文的blow可知，此处表示风。故选C.
25. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：队员们正在接受为极端条件而战的训练。A. cope with应付；B. fight for与……斗争；C. take on承担；D. carry out实施。根据the extreme conditions.可知，此处表示登山队员们正在训练的目的是为了应付珠峰的极端条件。故选A。
26. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：简而言之，测量珠穆朗玛峰的高度是一项艰巨的任务，涉及大量的资金和人力资源，但值得付出努力。A. wasting浪费；B. spending花费；C. overcoming克服；D. involving涉及。根据huge amounts of money and human resources可知，测量珠峰的高度需要投入大量的人力和物力。故选D。
27. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：简而言之，测量珠穆朗玛峰的高度是一项艰巨的任务，涉及大量的资金和人力资源，但值得付出努力。A. effort努力；B. loss损失；C. harvest丰收；D. achievement成就。根据下文的Put to good use, it can benefit mankind，如果使用得当，它可以造福人类可知，这项任务值得去努力做。故选A。
28. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：珠穆朗玛峰是观察地壳运动的最佳窗口。A. channel频道；B. window窗口；C. solution解决办法；D. entrance入口。根据下文observing crustal （地壳的）movements.可知，珠峰是观测地壳运动的最佳窗口。故选B。
29. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：峰顶高度的变化可以表明两个板块是朝着相向还是反方向运动。A. measure测量；B. foresee预见；C. indicate表明；D. expose暴露。珠峰两次测量高度的化，这就表明两个板块是朝着相向还是反方向运动。故选C。
30. 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么测量珠穆朗玛峰的高度是如此重要。A. where哪里；B. how怎样；C. why为什么；D. whether是否。本句在讲述测量珠峰高度的重要性。所以本句为why引导的表语从句。故选C。
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。
Poetry in the Tang Dynasty (618-907) is an unequalled (无与伦比的) system and reaches the 31. (high) point in the development of the poem. It really 32. (deserve) its fame as a treasure of Chinese culture. Its impressive value consists of an ideal 33. (combine) of thoughts and art.
When considering authors, we find that poets 34. (actual) exist in all walks of life，including emperors, officials, monks, peasants, fishermen and even children. From the point of view of themes, poems tell of politics, the military, history, landscapes, street scenes, love and so on. As for quantity, 35. total of over 50,000 poems have been collected and no one has any idea how many more have been lost.
Depending upon the period of its development, poetry 36. (date) from the Tang Dynasty can be classified 37. four groups, namely early Tang Dynasty, Flourishing Tang, Mid-Tang and late Tang Dynasty.
In the early Tang Dynasty, most of the poets followed the style of their ancestors and created a blend (融合) of the 38. (characteristic) of the north and the south. Eventually the field of literature 39. (refresh) and became more energetic as a result of the people 40. are known as The Four Talents—Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Luo Binwang, and Lu Zhaolin. In spite of their lower social status, each of them was gifted and has left us with their cheerful spirit.
【答案】
31. highest
32. deserves
33. combination
34. actually
35. a
36. dating
37. into
38. characteristics
39. was refresh
40. who/that
【解析】本文是说明文，文章介绍了唐代诗歌的辉煌与发展历程。
31. 考查形容词最高级。句意：诗歌在唐代(618-907)拥有无可比拟的体系，达到了诗歌发展的最高点。根据句意和空格前定冠词the可知，high应使用最高级形式highest修饰名词point，表示“最高点”，与上文“unequalled”相照应。故填highest 。
32. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：它是中国文化的瑰宝，名不虚传。分析句子可知，deserve(应得，配得上)是句中谓语动词，与主语It之间是主动关系，陈述现在事实，使用一般现在时，又因主语It是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时，单数形式。故填deserves 。
33. 考查名词。句意：它令人印象深刻的价值在于思想和艺术的完美结合。根据空格前作定语的形容词ideal和空格后作后置定语的介词短语of thoughts and art可知，combine应使用名词形式combination(结合,组合)。故填combination。
34. 考查副词。句意：说到作家，我们发现诗人实际上存在于各行各业，包括皇帝、官员、僧侣、农民、渔民，甚至儿童。根据句意可知，actual修饰动词exist，应使用副词形式actually(实际上)。故填actually。
35. 考查冠词和固定短语。句意：从数量上看，目前一共收集了5万多首诗，同时没有人知道有多少已经丢失了。a total of...为固定短语，表示“总数为……”。故填a。
36. 考查非谓语动词和固定用法。句意：根据发展时期的不同，唐代诗歌可以分为四类，即初唐、盛唐、中唐和晚唐。分析句子可知，动词短语date from是非谓语动词，作后置定语修饰名词poetry；动词短语date from表示“始于，追溯到……”，该短语作非谓语动词时只能使用现在分词形式，作定语。故填dating 。
37. 考查介词和固定搭配。句意：根据发展时期的不同，唐代诗歌可以分为四类，即初唐、盛唐、中唐和晚唐。be classified into...为固定搭配，表示“被分类为……”。故填into。
38. 考查名词。句意：在初唐时期，大多数诗人都沿袭了他们祖先的风格，创造了一个融合了南北特色的诗歌。根据句意可知，句中指“南方和北方的特色”，所以可数名词characteristic(特色)应使用其复数形式characteristics。故填characteristics。
39. 考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：由于有了“初唐四杰”王勃、杨炯、骆宾王、卢照邻的出现，文学领域得到了振兴和发展。分析句子可知，refresh(使恢复，更新)是句中谓语动词，与主语the field of literature之间是被动关系，句中陈述已经发生的事情，应使用一般过去时态，又因主语the field of literature (文学领域)是抽象名词，视为单数概念，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，单数形式。故填was refreshed。
40. 考查定语从句。句意：最终，由于有了“初唐四杰”王勃、杨炯、骆宾王、卢照邻的出现，文学领域得到了振兴和发展。分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，指人，应使用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。
四、应用文写作
　　假定你是李华, 你的加拿大笔友Cindy来信说她想了解你的家乡的情况, 请你用英语给她回信, 内容包括:
　　1. 家乡的基本情况;
2. 近年来的变化;
3. 邀请她来做客。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
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【参考范文】
Dear Cindy,
I’m glad you’re interested in my hometown, and I’m proud to share with you its brief introduction.
Zhengzhou, located in Central China, is the capital of Henan Province. It has distinct seasons, which bring us beautiful natural scenery and rich agricultural produce, such as Chinese dates, garlic and watermelons. Zhengzhou has a long history, making it full of historical scenic spots, for example, Shaolin Temple, well-known for its kung fu. In recent years, my hometown has greatly developed, becoming a modern metropolis, and a trade and transportation center.
Welcome to my city and enjoy the special local produce.
Yours,
Li Hua