主题04 关系与交往-2022年高考英语一轮复习热门主题词汇记忆+题型突破专练

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2022年高考英语一轮复习热门主题词汇记忆+题型突破专练
主题04 关系与交往
【主题词汇记忆】
【高频单词】
·识记 1·
1. acquaintance 　　 n. 熟人, (与某人)认识
2. anxiety n. 担忧, 焦虑
anxious adj. 忧虑的, 焦急的
3. apologize vi. 道歉, 谢罪
apology n. 道歉; 歉意
4. appreciate v. 欣赏; 感激
5. argue v. 争辩, 争论
argument n. 争论, 辩论
6. associate v. 联想; 联系n. 同伴, 伙伴
7. barrier n. 屏障, 障碍
8. beneficial adj. 有利的, 有帮助的, 有用的
benefit n. 益处, 好处
v. 受益; 有益于
9. bother v. 打扰, 烦扰
10. colleague n. 同事
·识记 2·
1. comfort n. 安慰; 慰问
comfortable adj. 舒服的; 安逸的; 舒服自在的
2. communicate v. 交际; 传达(感情, 信息等)
communication n. 交际, 交往; 通讯
3. companion n. 同伴; 同事
4. complain v. 抱怨; 投诉
complaint n. 抱怨; 投诉
5. conflict n. 冲突
6. congratulate vt. 祝贺
congratulation n. 祝贺, 庆贺
7. conscience n. 良心, 良知, 内疚
8. consider v. 考虑
considerate adj. 体贴的
consideration n. 考虑; 关心
9. consult v. 请教, 商量
10. conversation n. 对话
·识记 3·
1. correspond vi. 一致; 与……相当; (与人)通信, 有书信往来
2. debate n. &v. 讨论, 辩论
3. dilemma n. (进退两难的)窘境, 困境
4. disagree vi. 意见不一致
disagreement n. 意见不一致; 分歧; 争论
5. embarrass v. 使窘迫, 使尴尬
6. equal adj. 平等的; vt. 等于, 比得上
equality n. 平等
7. exchange n. &v. 交换, 调换; 交流
8. excuse n. 借口, 辩解
v. 原谅, 宽恕
9. express vt. 表达; 表示
n. 快车, 特快专递
expression n. 表达; 词句; 表示; 表情
10. favour (美favor) n. 恩惠; 好意; 帮助
·识记 4·
1. forgive vt. 原谅, 宽恕
2. get-together n. 聚会
3. grateful adj. 感激的, 感谢的
4. greet vt. 问候; 向……致敬
greeting n. 祝贺
5. harmony n. 融洽, 和睦
6. invitation n. 邀请, 请帖
invite vt. 邀请, 招待
7. matter n. 要紧事, 事情; 问题
vi. 要紧, 有重大关系
8. mature adj. 成熟的
9. merciful adj. 仁慈的; 宽大的
mercy n. 怜悯
10. misunderstand vt. 误会; 不理解
·识记 5·
1. modest adj. 谦虚的; 谦逊的
2. offer n. &vt. 提供; 建议
3. patience n. 容忍; 耐心
4. persuade v. 说服, 劝说
5. promise n. &v. 答应, 允诺
6. quarrel v. 争吵, 吵架
7. relate vi. 有关; 涉及
relation n. 关系; 亲属
relationship n. 关系
relative n. 亲属, 亲戚
8. reliable adj. 可信赖的, 可依靠的
9. sensitive adj. 敏感的, 容易生气的
10. trust v. 相信, 信任, 信赖
【高频短语】
·识记 1·
1. be ready to help others　　 乐于助人
2. be disappointed with sb. 对某人感到失望
3. be confident of sth. /in sb. 对某事/某人有信心
4. be satisfied/content with 对……满意
5. be popular with 受……欢迎
6. be to blame 应受责备
7. be worried about 担心……
8. be concerned about 关心, 挂念
9. complain about 抱怨
10. communicate with 与……交流
·识记 2·
1. get along/on well with 与……关系良好
2. help(sb. )out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境
3. have words with. . . 和……发生口角
4. have a lot in common 有许多共同之处
5. keep company with 和……结交
6. make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友
7. share feelings and ideas with 与……分享感受和观点
8. show respect for 尊重
9. think of others 为别人着想
10. work together 共同努力
【佳句品读】
1. As a result, from this experience I have learned it is important to work together with others.
结果, 从这次经历中我知道了与人合作的重要性。
2. Love is giving and love is paying attention to others. I will do my best to give all my love to others.
爱是给予, 爱是关注他人, 我将尽力把我所有的爱奉献给他人。
3. In a word, a friend in need is a friend indeed. May all of us treasure friendship.
总之, 患难见真情, 愿我们所有人都珍视友谊。
4. You must apologize/make an apology to him for having kept him waiting so long.
让他等了这么久, 你必须为此向他表示歉意。
5. Kate is a girl who is easy to get along/on with and we all like her.
凯特是一个容易相处的女孩, 我们都喜欢她。
6. As far as I’m concerned, to build a good relationship, we should trust each other first.
就我个人而言, 要建立良好的人际关系, 我们首先应该彼此信任。
7. As we all know, making friends can help us establish good interpersonal relationships, and build a harmonious society.
众所周知, 交友有助于我们建立良好的人际关系, 也有利于构建和谐社会。
8. We are living in a big family. We should care for and help each other and think it a great pleasure to help others when they are in trouble.
我们共同生活在一个大家庭中。我们应该互相关心, 互相帮助, 把帮助别人摆脱困难当成一种很大的乐趣。
9. I would appreciate it if you could give me a hand to solve this problem.
如果你能帮我解决这个问题, 我将感激不尽。
10. Have good manners: good manners are said to be the lubricant of social interaction.
有礼貌: 人们常说礼貌是社会交往的润滑剂。
11. After learning what situation I was in, my teacher, Michael encouraged me to step out of trouble bravely and confidently.
得知我的情况后, 我的老师迈克尔鼓励我勇敢并充满自信地走出困境。
12. I suggest we should communicate with our friends face to face instead of sending text messages so that we can maintain our friendship.
我建议我们应该与朋友们面对面交流而不是发送信息, 以便我们能够保持我们的友谊。
13. Time permitting, I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can have a better relationship.
时间允许的话, 我期盼有更多的空闲时间和朋友一起度过, 这样我们就会有更加良好的关系。
14. On behalf of our school, I would like to express our warm welcome to you.
我代表我们学校, 向您表示热烈的欢迎。
15. The relationship between parents and children has a great influence on the life of both sides.
父母和孩子之间的关系对双方的生活有很大的影响。
16. True friendship should be based on mutual understanding, not on mutual benefit.
真正的友谊应该基于相互的理解而非相互的利益。
17. Make full use of your passion and kindness to bridge the gap between you and others.
充分用你的热情和善良来架起你和他人之间的桥梁。
18. Only as we have the right attitude toward ourselves can we have the right attitude toward others.
只有当我们能正确地对待自己时, 我们才能正确地对待他人。
19. The sight of the old classmate carried me back to my days in the high school.
见到老同学使我回想起自己在高中的日子。
20. As the saying goes, “Giving is much better than receiving. ”
常言道, “给予总比接受好。”
【题型突破专练】
一、阅读理解
1
It is better to keep your mouth closed and let people think you are a fool than, to open it and remove all doubt.
---Mark Twain
You can have something extremely smart, useful or funny to say, but if you say it at an improper time, you could make yourself look foolish.
Throughout history many famous, noteworthy people have taken Mark Twain's words to heart. These wise people knew when to talk and when to keep silent. Many leaders have to learn when to talk and when to keep silent even when it might be difficult to do so. All leaders must choose their words carefully, picking the right time to speak, so that their words can have the greatest impact.
If you learn to develop this skill of knowing when to hold your tongue, you will also become wise, even if people think you are not. Some people, in fact, will underestimate you because they do not know what you are thinking all the time. This can give you an advantage in many situations. When people underestimate you, they do not focus on you, leaving you to make and perform plans without being noticed.
If you think before you speak, you can also improve your listening skills, which is a very important and useful skill to have. Listening is another key trait(特征)for a leader to have, and it is harder to achieve than many people think. First, you have to be quiet, and then you have to listen attentively, with all your attention on what the person is saying to be a good listener. When you learn to stop and think before you speak and when you learn to become a good listener you will be well on your way to becoming a good leader. By being able to listen to the people that work with you and for you, you will be able to make informed decisions.
1. The quotation(引言)from Mark Twain functions as________.
A. an example B. a thread C. a comparison D. a model
2. The author takes the example of many famous, noteworthy people to express that____
A. influential people are able to express themselves freely
B. many important people didn't take Mark Twain's words seriously
C. leaders should attach great importance to when, how and what to say
D. the public will not understand them if famous, noteworthy people keep silent
3. According to the passage, what are the advantages of developing the skills of holding your tongue?
① You could be underestimated by others. ② People often think highly of you.
③ You can polish up listening skills. ④You will improve your relationship with others.
A. ①② B. ①③ C. ③④ D. ②④
4. Which of the following is the best title?
A. He That Talks Much Errs Much B. Facts Speaks Louder than Words
C. Even Homer Sometimes Nods D. A Still Tongue Makes a Wise Head
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. D
【解析】本文是议论文。文章讨论了保持沉默的重要性。
1. 推理判断题。文章开篇引用马克·吐温的话，结合第二段内容“You can have something extremely smart, useful or funny to say, but if you say it at an improper time, you could make yourself look foolish.(你可以说一些非常聪明、有用或有趣的话，但如果你在不恰当的时候说，你可能会让自己看起来很愚蠢。)”和第三段的“Throughout history many famous, noteworthy people have taken Mark Twain's words to heart. These wise people knew when to talk and when to keep silent.(纵观历史，许多著名的人把马克的话铭记在心上。这些聪明的人知道什么时候该说话，什么时候该保持沉默。)”可推断，马克吐温的话被用来作为引子引出文章的主题；沉默是金。故选B。
2. 推理判断题。根据第二段内容“Throughout history many famous, noteworthy people have taken Mark Twain's words to heart. These wise people knew when to talk and when to keep silent. Many leaders have to learn when to talk and when to keep silent even when it might be difficult to do so. All leaders must choose their words carefully, picking the right time to speak, so that their words can have the greatest impact.(纵观历史，许多著名的人把马克的话铭记在心上。这些聪明的人知道什么时候该说话，什么时候该保持沉默。许多领导人必须学会什么时候说话，什么时候保持沉默，即使它可能很难这样做。所有的领导人都必须仔细选择他们的话，选择正确的时间发言，这样他们的话才能产生最大的影响。)”可推断，作者举许多名人的例子，想要说明；作为名人，更应该重视何时、何地，以何种方式说话，这样他们的话才能产生更大的影响。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据第四段的“Some people, in fact, will underestimate you because they do not know what you are thinking all the time. This can give you an advantage in many situations. When people underestimate you, they do not focus on you, leaving you to make and perform plans without being noticed.(事实上，有些人会低估你，因为他们一直不知道你在想什么。这可以让你在很多情况下获得优势。当人们低估你时，他们不会关注你，让你在不被注意的情况下制定和执行计划)”和第五段的“If you think before you speak, you can also improve your listening skills, which is a very important and useful skill to have.(如果你想好再说，你也可以提高你的听力技能，这是一个非常重要和有用的技能。)”可知，保持沉默可以让别人低估你的能力，这样你可以集中精力制定和执行你的计划，而不被人关注。其次，保持沉默还可以提高你的倾听能力。故选B。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第二段的“These wise people knew when to talk and when to keep silent. Many leaders have to learn when to talk and when to keep silent even when it might be difficult to do so.( 这些聪明的人知道什么时候该说话，什么时候该保持沉默。许多领导人必须学会什么时候说话，什么时候保持沉默，即使这样可能很难保持沉默)”和第三段的“If you learn to develop this skill of knowing when to hold your tongue, you will also become wise, even if people think you are not.(如果你学会了发展这种知道什么时候闭嘴的技能，你也会变得聪明，即使人们认为你不是。)”以及下文可知，文章论述了保持沉默的重要性。A.言多必失。B.事实胜于雄辩。C.智者千虑，必有一失。D.寡言者智。因此推断A项为最佳标题，与主旨一致。故选D。
2
A remarkable study from 1976 gives us some insight into how and why relationships with our neighbors can be so good for us. Surprisingly to scientists at that time, results showed that contact with family members — even one's own children — had little impact on feelings of well-being or willpower. Meanwhile, friendships, especially those with neighbors, predicted lower levels of loneliness and worry, higher levels of feelings of usefulness and self-perceived respect within the community.
The study suggests that acquaintance and friendship with neighbors are more effective at increasing well-being since they are based on nearness, common interests and lifestyle choices. The neighborhood relationships are also developed voluntarily. Family ties, on the other hand, are often characterized by a sense of responsibility, physical distance, and personal disharmony. Later studies confirm the importance of close friendships for people over 65, highlighting the particular importance of frequent contact.
More recent studies show that neighborly support is associated with better well-being for individuals in mid-to-late life. Data regarding neighborly relationships and general well-being from 1,071 adults aged 40-70 from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the US was collected in 1995, and again from the same individuals in 2005.
The study found that those who had low contact with neighbors at the time of both samples, as well as those who experienced a reduction in contact with neighbors over the years, experienced downward trends in well-being, as indicated by feelings of sadness, nervousness, restlessness, hopelessness and worthlessness.
It is crucial to note here the difference between friendship and neighboring or relationships with neighbors. While friendships are based on common affection, neighboring, at its core is an instrumental relationship that is catalyzed (催化) by nearness. But, it doesn't have to be this way. Where neighbors are also close friends, the potential benefits are clear. While both friendship and neighboring are beneficial to well-being, they are most effective when the types of support and assistance from both coincide(同时发生).
5. What does the study find?
A. The friendships between neighbors can last forever.
B. People value neighbors more than family members.
C. Neighbors influence people as much as their own children do.
D. Neighbors are more influential to people than family members.
6. How does the author mainly develop paragraph 2?
A. By analyzing data. B. By giving instructions.
C. By making comparisons. D. By following the order of time.
7. What determines neighborly relationships according to the text?
A. Nearness. B. Responsibility.
C. Physical distance. D. A common life goal.
8. What can we learn from the text?
A. The conflicts between relatives and neighbors are easy to occur.
B. The neighborhood relationships are formed under compulsion.
C. A close neighbor is better than a brother far off.
D. Contact with family members is indifferent.
【答案】5. D 6. C 7. A 8. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了邻里关系比家庭成员对人们更有影响力，分析其背后的原因并介绍了一些研究发现。
5. 细节理解题。根据第一段“A study from 1976 tells us how and why relationships with our neighbors can be so good for us. Surprisingly to scientists at that time, results showed that connection with family members-even one's own children—had little influence on feelings of well-being or willpower. Meanwhile, friendships, especially those with neighbors, predicted lower levels of loneliness and worry, higher levels of feelings of usefulness and respect within the community.( 1976年的一项研究告诉我们，与邻居的关系如何以及为什么会对我们如此有益。令当时的科学家惊讶的是，研究结果显示，与家庭成员——甚至是自己的孩子——的联系对幸福感或意志力几乎没有影响。与此同时，友谊，尤其是与邻居的友谊，预示着较低程度的孤独和担忧，较高程度的有用感和社区内的尊重感)”可知，1976年的研究告诉了我们邻居比家庭成员对人们更有影响力。故选D项。
6. 推理判断题。根据第二段“The study suggests that acquaintance and friendship with neighbors are more effective at increasing well-being since they are based on nearness, common interests and lifestyle choices. The neighborhood relationships are also developed voluntarily. Family ties, on the other hand, are often characterized by a sense of responsibility, physical distance, and personal disharmony. Later studies confirm the importance of close friendships for people over 65, highlighting the particular importance of frequent connection.(这项研究表明，与邻居的相识和友谊能更有效地增加幸福感，因为它们是建立在距离、共同的兴趣和生活方式选择的基础上的。邻里关系也是自愿发展的。另一方面，家庭关系往往具有责任感、距离和个人不和谐等特征。后来的研究证实了亲密友谊对65岁以上的人的重要性，强调了频繁联系的特别重要性)”可推知，作者主要通过比较邻里关系和家庭关系来展开第二段。故选C项。
7. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The study suggests that acquaintance and friendship with neighbors are more effective at increasing well-being since they are based on nearness, common interests and lifestyle choices.(这项研究表明，与邻居的相识和友谊能更有效地增加幸福感，因为它们是建立在距离、共同的兴趣和生活方式选择的基础上的)”可知，是接近度决定了邻里关系。故选A项。
8. 推理判断题。根据第一段“A study from 1976 tells us how and why relationships with our neighbors can be so good for us. Surprisingly to scientists at that time, results showed that connection with family members-even one's own children—had little influence on feelings of well-being or willpower. Meanwhile, friendships, especially those with neighbors, predicted lower levels of loneliness and worry, higher levels of feelings of usefulness and respect within the community.( 1976年的一项研究告诉我们，与邻居的关系如何以及为什么会对我们如此有益。令当时的科学家惊讶的是，研究结果显示，与家庭成员——甚至是自己的孩子——的联系对幸福感或意志力几乎没有影响。与此同时，友谊，尤其是与邻居的友谊，预示着较低程度的孤独和担忧，较高程度的有用感和社区内的尊重感)”以及通读全文可知，文章介绍了邻里关系比家庭成员对人们更有影响力这一现象，并分析其背后的原因，同时介绍了一些研究发现，因此，通过这篇文章我们可以知道，近邻比远亲给我们带来的影响更大，更重要。故选C项。
3
Disturbed by reports of rising domestic violence under coronavirus lockdown, a Polish high school student launched a fake online shop to offer a lifeline to victims trapped in their homes. Her idea won a European Union prize that came with €10,000（$12,120）.
"I heard about a French initiative(计划), where people go to the pharmacy (药房) and ask for a special mask that lets the pharmacist know they are a victim of domestic violence," Krystyna Paszko explained. "I thought it was so brilliant!" In April, she decided to open her shop "Camomiles and Pansies" to sell those cosmetics. When a victim writes asking to buy a cream, a psychologist responds instead of a salesperson and asks how long the "skin problems" have been going on for. If someone places an order and leaves an address, it is actually a code asking for authorities to visit their home.
After Krystyna openly wrote about her plan on her own Facebook page, she was flooded with questions. "I thought it would only be for my friends, but the shares on Facebook were big and it became a hit," she said. With so much interest, she contacted the Women's Rights Centre, a Polish NGO, asking for assistance. In response it provided psychologists and lawyers to work with the website. Since its launch, more than 350 people have contacted the website. Most of the victims are young, under 40, and about 10% are male. The president of the Women's Rights Centre, Urszula Nowakowska, said she was "very impressed" by Krystyna's project. "There are around 70,000 domestic violence cases annually in Poland, of which 56, 000 are treated as family conflicts rather than crimes."
Krystyna credits her interest in human rights to her role in the scouts（童子军）—she leads a Warsaw scout group and created its Facebook page. After she won the prize, she claimed to put the money to good use and was pleased that a spotlight was being shone on the problem of home abuse.
9. What might have inspired Krystyna with the idea?
A. The decreasing domestic violence cases.
B. The French initiative to sell special masks.
C. The urge to win the European Union prize.
D. The advice from a professional psychologist.
10. How can a victim get help from Krystyna's project?
A. By appearing to be shopping online.
B. By requesting psychological support.
C. By purchasing a specially-made cream.
D. By logging on a fake account to place orders.
11. What can we know about the website mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A. Krystyna shared its success on Facebook.
B. A Polish NGO offered financial assistance to it.
C. It classifies domestic violence as family conflicts.
D. Young female victims have benefited most from it.
12. Which of the following words best describe Krystyna?
A. Caring and easy-going. B. Supportive and tolerant.
C. Courageous and humorous. D. Sympathetic and intelligent.
【答案】9. B 10. A 11. D 12. D
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了新冠疫情封锁期间，一位波兰高中生创建虚假在线购物网站以帮助家庭暴力受害者。
9. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段前三句“I heard about a French initiative（计划）,...I thought it was so brilliant! In April, she decided to open her shop…（我听说了一个法国的计划……我觉得它太赞了!四月，她决定自己开店……）”可知，灵感来自于法国的这项计划，故选B。
10. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后两句“When a victim writes asking to buy a cream, a psychologist responds...If someone places an order and leaves an address, it is actually a code asking for authorities to visit their home.（当受害者写信要求买面霜时，由心理学家而不是售货员作出回应，并询问“皮肤问题”已经持续多久了。如果有人下了订单并留下了地址，这实际上是要求当局访问他家的代码。）可知,受害者可以假装购物,下单并留下地址，实际是来向网站发布求救信息，故选A。
11. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Since its launch,more than 350 people have contacted the website. Most of the victims are young, under 40, and about 10% are male.（自网站上线以来，已有超过350人联系了该网站。大多数受害者都是40岁以下的年轻人，大约10%是男性。）”可知，网站获得帮助的大多是年轻女性，故选D。
12. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“was pleased that a spotlight was being shone on the problem of home abuse.（对家庭暴力问题受到关注感到高兴。）”可推断出Krystyna努力帮助家庭暴力受害者，是富有同情心的“sympathetic”；同时根据最后一段第一句“she leads a Warsaw scout group and created its Facebook page.（她领导着一个华沙童子军组织，并创建了该组织的Facebook页面。）”可知，她能想带领侦查组并创立网站，说明她很聪明“intelligent”。故选D。
4
The modern manager has to play the role of coach in charge of their team. And that requires an understanding of the different personality types they may be managing, and indeed the role their own personality may play in the way they manage.
Karl Moore, a professor at McGill University in Canada, has written two recent articles on the role of different personality types in business. One of the most common divides is between introverts and extroverts. Mr. Moore calculates that around 40% of the population are introverts, 40% are extroverts and 20% are "ambiverts" who can show both characteristics.
It is easy to assume that the extroverts are most likely to go far in business. An academic study found that extroverts were 25% more likely to be in a high earning job than those who were less outgoing. It is possible that working in a high-paid job makes people more confident and outgoing, although characteristics tend to develop early in life.
But introverts should not give up hope of getting a promotion. A study in 2017 found that introverts were slightly more likely than extroverts to be appointed as chief executive.
Ambiverts can be good salespeople because they are able to listen to their customers and understand their needs but also have the energy to sell their firms' goods and services. Mr. Moore thinks that successful executives have to become ambiverts at times in order to succeed. Introverts must try to show enthusiasm, or make an inspiring speech, when the situation calls for it. And extroverts need to shut up and listen to their teams — not least because when the boss speaks first, juniors will be unwilling to disagree.
What makes life tricky for managers is that people don't have labels on their foreheads stating which kind of personality type they are. Sometimes people make it obvious. But that means managers have to spend time chatting to and observing their team members before deciding how best to get them motivated and inspired.
13. What should a manager do to manage his team?
A. He should protect his team members well.
B. He should be the best coach in the company.
C. He should have an understanding of his own personality.
D. He should understand his team members' characters.
14. What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A. The ways of becoming extroverts. B. The cause of becoming extroverts.
C. The strengths of becoming extroverts. D. The importance of becoming extroverts.
15. Which of the following statements will Mr. Moore agree?
A. Extroverts should be more patient.
B. Introverts should listen to the teams.
C. Ambiverts are more likely to become salesmen.
D. A boss should employ more extroverts than introverts.
16. What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?
A. The tricky life. B. The type of characters.
C. The label of team members. D. The manager's forehead.
【答案】13. D 14. C 15. A 16. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了管理团队需要先了解团队内三种类型的人的性格特点，并论述了内向、外向以及内外适中的性格的优缺点。
13. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“And that requires an understanding of the different personality types they may be managing, and indeed the role their own personality may play in the way they manage.(这需要理解他们可能管理的不同个性类型，以及他们自己的个性在他们管理的方式中可能扮演的角色)”可知，管理者在管理一个团队时需要了解该团队中的队员们的性格特点。故选D。
14. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“It is easy to assume that the extroverts are most likely to go far in business. An academic study found that extroverts were 25% more likely to be in a high earning job than those who were less outgoing. It is possible that working in a high-paid job makes people more confident and outgoing, although characteristics tend to develop early in life.(人们很容易认为外向的人最有可能在商业上走得更远。一项学术研究发现，外向的人获得高收入工作的可能性比那些不那么外向的人高出25%。高薪工作可能会让人更自信、更外向，尽管这些特点往往是在人生早期形成的)”可知，第三段主要介绍了成为外向的人的优势。故选C。
15. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“And extroverts need to shut up and listen to their teams — not least because when the boss speaks first, juniors will be unwilling to disagree.(外向的人需要保持安静，倾听团队成员的意见——尤其是因为当老板先发言时，下级员工不愿提出异议)”可推知，A选项“外向的人应该更加有耐心”的观点Moore先生同意。故选A。
16. 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“people don't have labels on their foreheads stating which kind of personality type they are”可知，人们的额头上没有贴标签来说明他们是哪种性格的人，故it指代的是“人们的性格类型”。故选B。
二、完形填空
It has been difficult to sit on the bench most of the time, watching my team from the sideline. I always 17 why I am not good enough to be on the floor. After endless hours of work and devotion, 18 myself through drill after drill, the last thing I want is to be a cheerleader. The feeling of being 19 is sometimes too much and drives me to 20 on the spot. I often feel as though my 21 are wasted and my time is eaten away, devoted to 22 . It is heartbreaking to be a spectator(观看者) for the game I love, knowing that no one has enough faith to give me the chance to 23 on the floor. Tears well up (涌出), but I 24 them back. I shouldn't be so 25 over something so silly.
Away from the game, it's easier to put my thoughts together, rather than letting my 26 drive my reasoning. I consider 27 I am where I am. I have played basketball my whole life. I have a strong 28 for the sport and always have. There is nothing like the 29 of playing: the swish (嗖嗖声) of the net, the sweat rolling off my cheeks, even the bruise (青肿) are battle wounds worn 30 after every game.
Even if I don't play much, I participate in every game. I am part of a team of girls who 31 together like a family. I am there for them, 32 they are for me.
Should I move on? Or should I stay with my team and continue playing basketball 33 great passion just a little longer? The 34 isn't difficult when I consider the joy that being a part of a team 35 me - not just any team, but my team. I love basketball and my teammates. When I think about that, my 36 from the bench really isn't so bad after all
17. A. wonder B. promise C. accept D. realize
18. A. following B. supporting C. discovering D. pushing
19. A. careless B. worthless C. selfless D. homeless
20. A. quit B. stay C. struggle D. delay
21. A. beliefs B. chances C. efforts D. experiences
22. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything
23. A. perform B. respond C. identify D. survive
24. A. call B. give C. take D. hold
25. A. upset B. nervous C. scared D. amazed
26. A. hardships B. possessions C. feelings D. achievements
27. A. that B. why C. when D. whether :
28. A. imagination B. admission C. caution D. passion
29. A. encouragement B. embarrassment C. excitement D. disappointment
30. A. bravely B. proudly C. regretfully D. painfully
31. A. fix B. add C. argue D. stick
32. A. as B. if C. for D. though
33. A. through B. over C. with D. from
34. A. conflict B. patience C. challenge D. decision
35. A. cheats B. brings C. urges D. controls
36. A. request B. intention C. view D. ambition
【答案】17. A 18. D 19. B 20. A 21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. B 36. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者作为一名篮球运动员一直坐在替补席上的心路历程，最终她想到了团队精神，觉得坐在板凳上的感觉其实并不是那么糟糕。
17. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我总是在想，为什么我还不够好，不能上场。A. wonder想知道；B. promise承诺；C. accept接受；D. realize意识到。分析文中后文句意可知，作者虽然刻苦训练却很少有上场的机会，所以作者想知道她哪里还不够好，不能上场。故选A项。
18. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在无数个小时的工作和付出之后，推动自己通过一个又一个的训练，我最不想做的事情就是成为一个拉拉队长。A. following跟随；B. supporting支持；C. discovering发现；D. pushing推。分析文中句意可知，作者经过长时间地努力付出，推动自己通过一个又一个的训练。故选D项。
19. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种毫无价值的感觉有时太强烈了，迫使我当场放弃。A. careless粗心的；B. worthless一文不值的；C. selfless无私的；D. homeless无家可归的。分析文中句意可知，作者经过长时间地努力付出，推动自己通过一个又一个的训练，却不能上场只能作为一个啦啦队长，所以作者感到自己的付出是毫无价值的。故选B项。
20. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种毫无价值的感觉有时太强烈了，迫使我当场放弃。A. quit放弃；B. stay呆；C. struggle斗争；D. delay延迟。分析文中句意可知，作者刻苦训练却没有得到上场的机会，所以她感到自己的付出是毫无价值的，因此想到了放弃。故选A项。
21. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我常常觉得我的努力被浪费了，我的时间被吞噬了，毫无意义。A. beliefs信仰；B. chances机会；C. efforts努力；D. experiences经历。分析上文句意可知，作者刻苦训练却没有得到上场的机会，所以她感到自己的努力是白费了。故选C项。
22. 考查不定代词词义辨析。句意：我常常觉得我的努力被浪费了，我的时间被吞噬了，毫无意义。A. something一些；B. nothing什么也没有；C. anything任何东西；D. everything一切。分析句意可知，作者觉得她的努力被浪费了，她的时间被吞噬了，没有对任何东西做出贡献。故选B项。
23. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道没有人有足够的信念给我上场表现的机会,成为一名我热爱的一项运动的观看者是令人心碎的。A. perform执行，表现；B. respond回应；C. identify识别；D. survive生存。分析句意可知，没有人相信她给她上场表现的机会。故选A项。
24. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：眼泪涌出，但是我将它们忍回来。A. call打电话；B. give给；C. take带；D. hold持有。分析句意可知，前半句讲眼泪涌出，但后面出现转折连词but，所以作者把眼泪忍回去了。故选D项。
25. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不该为这么愚蠢的事这么难过。A. upset难过的，心烦意乱的；B. nervous紧张的；C. scared害怕的；D. amazed惊讶的。分析上文句意可知，作者的努力付出没有得到认可，她曾感到心碎，但她回过神来，她感到不该为这么愚蠢的事这么难过。故选A项。
26. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：离开比赛后，我更容易理清自己的想法，而不是让我的情感驱动我的推理。A. hardships艰难，困苦；B. possessions财产；C. feelings感情；D. achievements成就。分析上文句意可知，作者刻苦训练却没有得到上场的机会，她感情上过不去这道坎，所以比赛后，她更容易理清自己的想法，而不是让她的情感驱动她的推理。故选C项。
27. 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：我考虑我为什么在这里。A. that(引导宾语从句没有实际意义)；B. why为什么；C. when当；D. whether是否。分析句子结构及句意可知，此处引导宾语从句，从句缺少原因状语，应用why引导。故选B项。
28. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对这项运动有着强烈的热情，并且一直如此。A. imagination想象力；B. admission入学；C. caution谨慎；D. passion激情。根据后文“Or should I stay with my team and continue playing basketball great passion just a little longer?(或者我应该留在我的球队，继续充满激情地打篮球？)”可知，作者对篮球有着强烈的激情。故选D项。
29. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有什么比打篮球更兴奋了：投篮的嗖嗖声，汗水从我的脸颊滚下，即使是打篮球留下青肿创伤后骄傲地穿过每一场比赛。A. encouragement鼓励；B. embarrassment尴尬；C. excitement兴奋；D. disappointment失望。根据后文“the swish (嗖嗖声) of the net, the sweat rolling off my cheeks, even the bruise (青肿) are battle wounds worn after every game.(投篮的嗖嗖声，汗水从我的脸颊滚下，即使是打篮球留下青肿创伤后骄傲地穿过每一场比赛)”可知，这里指的是没有什么比打篮球更兴奋了。故选C项。
30. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：没有什么比打篮球更兴奋了：投篮的嗖嗖声，汗水从我的脸颊滚下，即使是打篮球留下青肿创伤后骄傲地穿过每一场比赛。A. bravely勇敢地；B. proudly骄傲地；C. regretfully遗憾地；D. painfully痛苦地。分析上下文句意可知，作者即使是打篮球留下青肿创伤后任然骄傲地穿过每一场比赛。故选B项。
31. 考查动词词义辨析。句意我是一个像家人一样团结在一起的女孩团队的一员。A. fix修复；B. add添加；C. argue说；D. stick粘贴。分析后面短语“like a family(像家人一样)”可知，所以空处应填在一起，stick together意为“在一起；团结一致；相互支持”。故选D项。
32. 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：我陪着他们，就像他们陪着我一样。A. as就像；B. if如果；C. for为；D. though虽然。分析句子结构及句意可知，此处应用as引导方式状语从句。故选A项。
33. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：或者我应该留在我的球队，继续充满激情地打篮球？ A. through通过；B. over在……上面；C. with用；D. from来自。分析句意，表达充满激情地应用介词with。故选C项。
34. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我想到作为团队的一员带给我的快乐时，做出这个决定并不困难——不仅仅是任何团队，而是我的团队。A. conflict冲突；B. patience耐心；C. challenge挑战；D. decision决定。分析句意可知，空处表示做出留下来地决定。故选D项。
35. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我想到作为团队的一员带给我的快乐时，做出这个决定并不困难——不仅仅是任何团队，而是我的团队。A. cheats欺骗；B. brings带来；C. urges敦促；D. controls控制。分析句意可知，空处表示作为团队的一员带给我的快乐。故选B项。
36. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我想到这一点时，我坐在板凳上的感觉其实并不是那么糟糕。A. request请求；B. intention意图；C. view意见，想法，观点，感觉；D. ambition野心。根据“When I think about that”可知，经过自己的一番清理，作者的观点发生了变化。故选C项。
三、语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
As a child, Obaida Omar 37. (narrow) escaped the enemy’s invasion of her native Afghanistan, walking for weeks through the mountains. Now 38. mother of three and Islamic Center of Rochester board member, Omar provided first-hand experience of what it means to be a child made 39. (home) by war as the speaker at the “Dinner for Peace” hosted by the Student Association for the Development of Arab Cultural Awareness last Saturday. About 250 guests attended the dinner, the profit of 40. will go to education for children affected by the Middle Eastern crisis.
“Children did not create this conflict, 41. they are its greatest victims,” said Alanoud Alcaide, the group’s president, who gave the opening speech at the dinner. “Tonight we have raised roughly $3,000 in profit, which means over 1,000 children can get the education they deserve”, he said. “42. you, tonight would not have been possible.”
43. (entertain) the audience, the Yellow Jackets kicked the night off with a 44. (select) of lively songs. “We 45. (plan) this for two months now. It feels wonderful to see such an amazing performance. It brings back the human element, making you remember that we’re all the same,” said Gabby Stillman, a 46. (twelve) grader.
【答案】
37. narrowly
38. a
39. homeless
40. which
41. but
42. Without
43. To entertain
44. selection
45. have been planning
46. twelfth
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Obaida Omar以及“和平晚宴”帮助中东地区受战乱影响的孩子们重返校园的故事。
37. 考查副词。句意：Obaida Omar还是个孩子的时候，她在山里走了几个星期，侥幸逃脱了敌人对她的祖国阿富汗的入侵。修饰动词escaped应用副词。故填narrowly。
38. 考查冠词。句意：Omar现在是三个孩子的母亲，也是罗切斯特伊斯兰中心的董事会成员，上周六，Omar在阿拉伯文化意识发展学生协会举办的“和平晚宴”上发表演讲，讲述了一个因战争而无家可归的孩子的亲身经历。此处单数可数名词mother为泛指概念，应用不定冠词限定，表示“一个有三个孩子的母亲”。因mother以辅音音素开头，故填a。
39. 考查形容词（反义词）。句意：Omar现在是三个孩子的母亲，也是罗切斯特伊斯兰中心的董事会成员，上周六，Omar在阿拉伯文化意识发展学生协会举办的“和平晚宴”上发表演讲，讲述了一个因战争而无家可归的孩子的亲身经历。分析句子，根据句意可知，made为过去分词作后置定语，修饰名词child，其结构为“make+宾语+宾补（形容词）”，因此，此处应用home的反义形容词homeless作宾补，符合句意和语法。故填homeless。
40. 考查定语从句。句意：约250名客人出席了晚宴，晚宴的收益将用于受中东危机影响的儿童的教育。分析句子可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，介词of后接关系代词which引导从句，which指代先行词the dinner。故填which。
41. 考查连词。句意：儿童并没有制造这场冲突，但他们是最大的受害者……。后文“they are its greatest victims”和前文“Children did not create this conflict,”之间存在转折关系，应用表示转折的连词but连接。故填but。
42. 考查介词。句意：没有你，就不可能有今晚。根据后文“tonight would not have been possible”句意可知，此处为与事实相反的虚拟语气，介词without意为“没有”，符合句意。句首字母大写，故填Without。
43. 考查动词不定式。句意：为了娱乐观众，“黄夹克”乐队挑选了一些活泼的歌曲，拉开了晚会的序幕。根据句意可知，此处应用不定式作状语，表示目的。句首字母大写，故填To entertain。
44. 考查名词。句意：为了娱乐观众，“黄夹克”乐队挑选了一些活泼的歌曲，拉开了晚会的序幕。根据空格前介词with及不定冠词a可知，此处应用select的名词单数形式selection作介词宾语。故填selection。
45. 考查时态。句意：我们已经计划了两个月了。根据句意以及时间状语for two months now可知，此处应用现在完成进行时（have/has been doing）表示从过去开始一直持续到现在，有可能仍然要继续下去。主语we是复数，主谓一致，故填have been planning。
46. 考查序数词。句意：它带回了人性的元素，让你记住我们都是一样的，”12年级学生Gabby Stillman说。根据句意可知，此处应用twelve的序数词twelfth作定语修饰名词grader，表示“第12年级的学生”。故填twelfth。
四、应用文写作
　　假如你是李华, 你的朋友Brian把他新买的U盘(flash drive)借给你用, 但是你不小心把它遗失了。现在, 请用英文给他写封信, 内容包括:
1. 告知U盘遗失的事并致歉;
2. 描述遗失经过;
3. 说明暂时无法赔偿及原因;
4. 承诺一定赔偿并请求原谅。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
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【参考范文】
Dear Brian,
I’m sorry to tell you that I’ve lost your new flash drive. Now I’m expressing my deepest apology for my carelessness.
Actually, I put the flash drive in my schoolbag after we met in the library yesterday. But to my sorrow, it was lost on my way home. I tried to get it back, but failed. How sorry and guilty I felt!
This morning, I went to buy the same flash drive in some stores but it is too expensive for me. However, I promise that I’ll tighten my belt these days to get you a completely new one by the end of this month. Please forgive me and accept my sincere apology.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua