2022届上海市杨浦区高三英语三模试题

这是一份2022届上海市杨浦区高三英语三模试题，共29页。试卷主要包含了B．$229，缜密构思，词汇积累等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2022届上海市杨浦区高三英语三模试题
第I卷（选择题）
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一、完形填空
The East African country of Kenya has been at the forefront of the global war on plastic since 2017, when officials banned plastic bags. In June 2020, the government ____1____ the efforts with a ban on single-use plastics in protected areas. Unfortunately, the measures have ____2____ made any impact. Hundreds of tons of industrial and consumer polymer（聚合物）waste continue to get ____3____ into landfills daily. However, if 29-year-old Nzambi Matee has her way, the unpleasant plastic ____4____ will soon be transformed into colourful bricks.
The material engineer’s search to find a(n) ____5____ solution to control plastic pollution began in 2017. She quit her job as a data analyst at a local chemical factory and set up a small lab in her mother’s backyard. It took her nine months to produce the first brick and even longer to ____6____ a partner to help build the machinery to make them. But the determined eco-entrepreneur was confident in her idea and did not____7____.
She says, “I wanted to use my education in applied physics and material engineering to do something about the problem of plastic waste pollution. But I was very ____8____ that the solution had to be practical, sustainable, and affordable. The best way to do this was by ____9____ the waste into the construction and finding the most efficient and affordable material to build homes.”
Her company, Gjenge Makers, now hires 112 people and produces over 1,500 bricks a day. The pavers（铺路材料） are made using a mix of plastic products that cannot be reprocessed or recycled. The polymer is obtained ____10____ from factories or picked by hired locals from Nairobi's largest landfill, Dandora.
The collected plastic is ____11____ with sand, heated at very high temperatures, and compressed into bricks that vary in colour and thickness. The ____12____ product is stronger, lighter, and about 30 percent cheaper than concrete bricks.
Matee, who was recently ____13____ as one of the Young Champions of the Earth 2020 — the United Nations’ highest environmental ____14____. Her dream is to reduce the mountain of trash in Dandora to just a hill by increasing production and expanding her offerings. She says, “The more we recycle the plastic, the more we produce affordable housing, and the more we create ____15____ for the youth.”
1．A．modified B．glorified C．intensified D．justified
2．A．barely B．nearly C．mildly D．equally
3．A．leaked B．turned C．loaded D．dumped
4．A．modes B．heaps C．ports D．mills
5．A．personal B．orderly C．feasible D．adjustable
6．A．remind B．convince C．assure D．direct
7．A．get off B．show off C．give up D．put out
8．A．clear B．fair C．bold D．mature
9．A．enclosing B．distributing C．channelling D．reversing
10．A．distantly B．openly C．secretly D．directly
11．A．replaced B．mixed C．equipped D．fixed
12．A．reforming B．recovering C．resulting D．recording
13．A．recognized B．criticized C．claimed D．defended
14．A．level B．grant C．diploma D．honour
15．A．employment B．experiment C．entertainment D．investment
第II卷（非选择题）
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二、用单词的适当形式完成短文
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Valuing and Protecting the Great Outdoors
Anyone that is keen on getting out into nature knows that the untouched beauty of the outdoors will only remain that way if people respect the environments they visit.
____16____ (ensure) that this happens, the Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics has come up with a framework of seven principles for people to follow. These principles can be applied ____17____ one is hiking to a remote campsite or enjoying a local park.
The Leave No Trace principles offer guidelines for ____18____ people can leave a minimal impact in the areas they explore. While most relate to correct behavior for when people are outdoors, the first principle is about planning ahead. ____19____ you head out on an adventure, preparation is essential. Adequate planning helps keep you and your group safe. A little research will also give you a basic understanding of the environment you ____20____ (visit).
The other rules to follow when you are outdoors are quite simple. You should always walk on proper trails and stay at ____21____ (mark) campsites. Everything you bring with you into an area needs ____22____ (bring) back out. Of course, this means trash like plastic bags and bottles, but it also includes leftovers and food scraps. Further, when you leave a nature area, you should leave what you find. That is, don’t take ____23____ from the trail like flowers or rocks with you.
You should also minimize campfires. It is actually best to carry a portable stove when you go camping. If you are making fires, it is vital that you make sure the fire is out   before     you   leave.     The   last   two     principles   are ____24____ respect and consideration. Respect any wildlife in the area; you're in their home. Finally, be courteous (谦恭的) towards anyone else you meet and think of how your actions _____25_____ affect others that are enjoying the outdoors alongside you.
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三、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．physical       B．confused     C．pumping     D．emotionally     E. involve   F. recognizing
G. characterized       H. reference       I. initial       J. generously     K. malfunctioned
Heartbreak: Romantic Metaphor(比喻) or Serious Health ConditionIt is an unfortunate fact of life that most of us will experience the sensation commonly known as “heartbreak” at some point in our lifetime. Heartbreak refers to feelings of extreme sadness, often persistent, due to a(n) ____26____ disturbing event. The term “heartbreak” or “broken heart” is usually used in a symbolic sense.
That is, when we say someone is “heartbroken,” we do not mean that their heart has actually ____27____. However, what many people do not know is that so-called broken heart syndrome(综合症), often caused by stress, is a recognized ____28____ health condition.
Much like when people make metaphorical ____29____ to heartbreak, broken heart syndrome is also caused by painful life events. These experiences usually ____30____ death, divorce, or separation. However, this condition can have very real negative effects on a sufferer’s health. In clinical settings, broken heart syndrome is often ____31____ with a heart attack because many of the symptoms of these two conditions are very similar. The main difference is   that while a heart attack is ____32____ by a blockage in one of the heart’s arteries(动脉), broken heart syndrome involves temporary enlargement in one area of the heart. Such enlargement makes it difficult for the heart to continue ____33____ blood around the body and thus puts the sufferer at risk of heart failure.
If you have experienced a stressful or painful event, two ____34____ symptoms of broken heart syndrome to watch out for are chest pain and breathing difficulties. In fact, _____35_____ one or both of these symptoms can be vital in helping you seek necessary treatment in the early stages of this condition.
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四、阅读理解
MY GARDEN IS MY REFUGE; I find reflective isolation in it. I have seven children, so our house is a scene of lively confusion. For a long time, I guarded this place of peace and quiet. When the children followed me into the garden, I would hand out chores. “Here: you weed the beans, you water the onions.” Soon they would be hot or their backs would hurt from bending over, and they would leave me to myself.
Then one day, I was trying to prepare the soil, and I honestly wasn’t enjoying my time of peace and loneliness. My 13-year-old son, Josiah, picked up a spare spade and began helping. Working as a team, we had the pea patch dug up and fertilized in no time at all. I thanked Josiah, realizing that l had enjoyed his company.
The same thing happened with picking up rocks and planting the seeds —one or two of the children would appear to watch and then participate. Each time, I would feel surprised to find the work was lighter for their help, and their laughter made time pass faster. So I stopped resenting their company and instead I began to share my gardening secrets. As spring became summer and the real work began, I expected the children to disappear, but no, there they were, watering, pulling weeds and checking for insects.
One day I slipped out by myself to the garden, feeling a little bit guilty. I had a suspicion that the sugar snap peas were ripe, and I wanted a taste. As I walked along the row, a little voice piped up behind me. “What are you eating, Mama?”
Abby’s big blue eyes sparkled as I showed her how to pull the strings off and pop (剥出) the peas into her mouth. She just loved how tasty they were. Then my sweet seven-year-old girl put me to shame. “Mama, I’ve got to pick a bunch. Won’t the others love them? I can’t wait to share.”
I realized how selfish I had been. I’d tried to keep the joys of gardening to myself, and here was a child who couldn’t wait to share with her brothers and sisters. I held back tears and said, “Sure, honey, let’s pick some and I’ll show you how to prepare them. We’ll make the most wonderful supper.”
36．Why did the writer ask her children to do chores whenever they were in the garden?
A．She didn’t want to do all the work on her own.
B．She intended to show the hard labor of gardening.
C．She didn’t want them to get hurt or get too tired.
D．She was determined to keep the garden to herself.
37．What were the children like?
① loud ② lively ③ guilty ④ loving ⑤ strong
A．①②③④ B．①②④ C．①②③ D．④⑤
38．The underlined word “resent” probably means________.
A．dislike B．expect C．keep D．sacrifice
39．What did the writer try to tell the readers with this story?
A．The best way to communicate with children is by working together.
B．The golden rule of gardening is that many hands make light work.
C．Everything feels better when shared with your family or your friend.
D．Parents should spend as much time with their children as possible.

40．What is the lowest price for a pair of HCR3?
A．$249. B．$229. C．$458. D．$849.
41．If one is not satisfied with purchased HCR3, he/she can________.
A．ask for a full refund B．make an appointment with a professional
C．get 100% deposit money back D．get another one for free
42．One feature of HCR3 is that________.
A．it is packed with extra bells and whistles
B．it can run for over 15 hours on a fully-charged battery
C．the pre-programmed type is for moderate hearing losses
D．four languages are available on 4 different programs
In recent years, massive wildfires have destroyed landscapes and endangered people and animals in the US, Australia and Greece. These disasters have led to scores of deaths, and there is a growing scientific agreement that destructive wildfires will become more frequent as the planet continues to warm.
The statistics show that casualties, as well as the area of land burned, around the world are increasing year by year. That prompted Kamilaris and his colleagues to build a mobile app that provides personalised evacuation (撤离) routes to anyone caught in the path of a wildfire.
The app connects over mobile networks to a web server running a fire simulation (模拟) program, which uses publicly available data on geography, weather and vegetation type to predict the spread of fires at 15-minute intervals.
A fire management tool similar to those already in use lets local fire departments quickly tag when and where a fire starts, which is then used to generate real-time simulations. The app then takes the GPS location of each user to work out potential routes, selecting the best by weighing up how quickly each route gets them to safety against how close it takes them to the fire’s path.
The best option is then displayed either as turn-by-turn directions or as a route overlaid on a map of the area similar to those used by popular maps apps.
In a small pilot program at the Athalassa National Forest Park in Cyprus, all 17 people who took part successfully escaped a simulated fire. In questionnaires they answered after the trial, the participants said the app was easy to use and that they would use it in a real wildfire.
But Ed Galea, a fire safety expert, worries that the route-planning algorithm (运算法则 ) in the study is too simple to deal with the complexities of a real-world evacuation, such as varying travel speeds or potential congestion on escape routes.
And while fire and evacuation models can help experts plan or respond to emergencies, he thinks even state-of-the-art systems have limitations that currently make them unsafe in the hands of untrained people.
“That is not to say that the goal of having a personalised wildfire evacuation guidance system is not achievable” he says. “Just not today.”
Kamilaris admits the app still needs work and says the researchers plan to add features, like the ability to tailor travel speed and monitor users to prevent congestion, before testing again in more challenging situations.
43．What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A．To present the central topic of global warming.
B．To introduce the background for inventing the app.
C．To raise a serious problem that will be solved later.
D．To arouse the readers’ interest in the newly-invented app.
44．Which of the following is true about the new app?
A．It has the feature of monitoring the user’s movement.
B．It is not user-friendly, especially for those untrained.
C．It provides updates about the fire every 15 minutes.
D．It has access to the fire department’s database.
45．One limitation of the new app is that________.
A．the route-planning algorithm used is not accurate
B．the escape route is too complex to follow
C．it may fall into the hands of bad people
D．it can’t predict the real-time congestion
46．With regard to a personalized wildfire evacuation guidance system, both Ed Galea and Kamilaris will agree probably that________.
A．its necessity is not to be questioned
B．its biggest obstacle is privacy protection
C．it will be commercialized soon
D．its achievement is almost impossible
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五、六选四
Beast from the East Causes Chaos
Anyone expecting the arrival of spring was bitterly disappointed last week, as freezing temperatures and disruptive (破坏性的)snow swept across the UK. ____47____ The Beast from the East is a wintry storm caused by a major weather   event   in   the   North Pole. ____48____ Because it was weakened, cold air from Siberia, in Russia, swept in over Europe, bringing with it low temperatures and snowstorms. From 26 February, people around the country endured temperatures as low as-12 ℃ and some areas were told to expect as much as 20 centimetres of snowfall.
____49____ It was the first red snow alert ever to be issued in the UK. At least 2,000 schools in England were forced to close. Zoos around the country also shut in order to keep the animals safe and warm. Supermarkets reported queues of people waiting to stock up on supplies. A spokesperson for the Co-op supermarket said it was usual to see sales increase in extreme weather. “People stock up, ready to stay indoors,” he said.
Normally, most people would be expecting to see signs of spring blossoming in the first week of March. Incredibly, in spite of the cold weather and official warnings, spring has actually sprung in Cornwall. The head gardeners of six major gardens in the county have reported blooms on their magnolia trees--a sign that the season is changing-even if it doesn’t feel like it. ____50____
A．A red weather warning--the most extreme-was issued as conditions became dangerous.
B．It was all thanks to the so-called Beast from the East.
C．There is further heavy snow forecast overnight for the north east and eastern parts of England and isolated showers elsewhere.
D．For everyone else, however, the Beast from the East means winter won't be loosening its grip for at least a few days yet.
E．Hundreds of trains and dozens of flights were cancelled as London’s transport services were thrown into total confusion.
F．There, a rise in air temperature weakened the jet stream (喷射气流), which is a band of strong wind that moves weather around the planet.
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六、概要写作
51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
A Brief Introduction of Cryptocurrency
In 2008, someone, or perhaps a group of people, using the name Satoshi Nakamoto published a paper to an online group that discussed cryptography (密码学). That paper described a process that would use cryptography to create a secure electronic cash system, now known as a cryptocurrency (加密货币). Person to person payments could be made online using a shared network of computers instead of a bank or other financial institutions. Each transaction could happen very quickly. The shared network of computers would also serve as the means to verify(核实) those transactions safely. Getting rid of the need for a centralized banking system would open up the possibility for anyone to become part of the digital economy.
The software behind cryptocurrency is open source, which means anyone can use the original code to create their own version. Today, there are well over a thousand different cryptocurrencies. Unfortunately, their becoming the global payment systems are held back by problems affecting the entire cryptocurrency industry. One issue is weak security on cryptocurrency websites where users either store their electronic cash in virtual “wallets” or exchange one kind of electronic cash for another. In recent years, clever thieves have broken into many of these websites and stolen electronic cash. The websites are struggling to protect their users from such thefts.
Another problem is the large number of fake cryptocurrencies that are advertised on the internet. The advertisements invite internet users to visit websites offering new cryptocurrencies. Many visitors are persuaded by the websites to buy their cryptocurrencies using actual money. Later, the websites disappear along with the victims’ money. In response to this problem, companies like Facebook and Google are limiting cryptocurrency advertising on their websites.
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七、汉译英（整句）
52．节能减排，人人有责。 (It)（汉译英）
53．拍摄完成后，导演花了六个月的时间剪辑电影。(devote) （汉译英）
54．约翰常常夸大其词，所以不管他说什么，都不要相信。（tend）（汉译英）
55．与研究人员的假设相反，每天多喝一杯咖啡的人患焦虑或抑郁等精神疾病的风险降低了百分之十二。(contrary) （汉译英）
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八、图表作文
56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
国际经合组织（OECD）对 600,000 名青少年就生活中最令他们担忧的事情进行了调查，结果如下图。请联系自身实际，谈谈最让令你担忧的事情及原因。


参考答案：
1．C
2．A
3．D
4．B
5．C
6．B
7．C
8．A
9．C
10．D
11．B
12．C
13．A
14．D
15．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了材料工程师Nzambi Matee通过自己的努力解决塑料垃圾污染问题。
1．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：2020年6月，政府加强了努力，禁止在保护区使用一次性塑料。A. modified修改；B. glorified使荣耀；C. intensified加剧；D. justified使合理。根据上文“The East African country of Kenya has been at the forefront of the global war on plastic since 2017(自2017年官员禁止使用塑料袋以来，东非国家肯尼亚一直处于全球反塑料战争的最前沿)”可知，肯尼亚政府在环保上采取强有力的措施，故选C。
2．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，这些措施几乎没有产生任何影响。A. barely几乎没有；B. nearly接近；C. mildly温和地；D. equally同样地。根据“Unfortunately(不幸的是)”可知，这里与上文政府的强有力措施构成转折关系，表示虽然措施强有力，但是效果甚微。故选A。
3．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：数百吨的塑料废弃物继续被扔进垃圾桶。A. leaked泄露；B. turned转过身；C. loaded加载；D. dumped倾倒。根据“waste(废弃物)”可知，这里的废弃物应该是被倾倒，被扔掉。故选D。
4．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，如果29岁的Nzambi Matee能如愿，这些令人讨厌的塑料垃圾很快就会变成五颜六色的砖块。A. modes模式；B. heaps堆；C. ports港口；D. mills公里。根据上文“into landfills(垃圾如山)”可知，这里是很多废弃物倾倒之后变成垃圾堆。故选B。
5．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位材料工程师从2017年开始寻找控制塑料污染的可行解决方案。A. personal个人的；B. orderly有序的；C. feasible可行的；D. adjustable可调的。根据下文“It took her nine months to produce the first brick(花了九个月时间把废弃物变成砖块)”可知，这里是将废弃物转化成可用的砖块，因此这一转化是可行的。故选C。
6．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她花了9个月的时间制作了第一块砖，甚至花了更久的时间说服一个合作伙伴帮忙生产能制造这些砖的机器。A. remind提醒；B. convince说服；C. assure保证；D. direct指导。根据下文“to help build the machinery to make them(让他们帮助制造可以生产这种砖块的机器)”可知，她自己不能生产这种机器，只能找其他生产商帮忙生产，因此是说服别人帮忙，故选B。
7．
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：但这位坚定的生态企业家对自己的想法充满信心，没有放弃。A. get off下车；B. show off炫耀；C. give up放弃；D. put out扑灭。根据上文“It took her nine months to produce the first brick(她花了九个月时间才制造出第一块砖块)”可知，这一过程是非常艰难的，通过一个转折连词，表示虽然艰难，但是没有放弃。故选C。
8．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我很清楚，解决方案必须是切实可行的、可持续的、负担得起的。A. clear清晰的；B. fair公平的；C. bold大胆的；D. mature成熟的。根据文章语境以及下文的“sustainable, and affordable”可知，这一方案必须切实可行，可持续，负担得起才能真正达到环保的目的，因此她对此目标是非常清晰的。故选A。
9．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最好的方法是将废物引入建筑，找到最高效、最经济的材料来建造房屋。A. enclosing封闭；B. distributing分布；C. channelling引导；D. reversing扭转。根据上文“It took her nine months to produce the first brick(她花了九个月时间将废弃物生产成砖块)”可知，这一方案是将废弃物转变成可用砖块，故选C。
10．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这种聚合物直接从工厂获得，或者由雇佣的当地人从垃圾填场挑拣出来。A. distantly冷淡地；B. openly公开地；C. secretly秘密地；D. directly直接地。根据下文“picked by hired locals from Nairobi's largest landfill(通过雇佣的本地人挑拣)”可知，两种方式是并列关系，后者通过被雇佣者经过垃圾分拣之后间接得到，则前者则是直接从工厂废弃物中获得。故选D。
11．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：将收集的塑料与沙子混合，在高温下加热，并压缩成不同颜色和厚度的砖。A. replaced取代；B. mixed混合；C. equipped装备；D. fixed固定。根据下文“compressed into bricks(压缩成砖块)”可知，这里是将沙子和废弃物混合然后压缩，故选B。
12．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：由此产生的产品更坚固、更轻，比混凝土砖便宜30%左右。A. reforming改革；B. recovering恢复；C. resulting导致；D. recording记录。根据上文“heated at very high temperatures, and compressed into bricks that vary in colour and thickness.(将塑料与沙子混合，在高温下加热，并压缩成不同颜色和厚度的砖)”可知，这里是经过一定的工序之后得到砖块。故选C。
13．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她最近被评为2020年地球青年，这是联合国在环境方面的最高荣誉。A. recognized认定；B. criticized批评；C. claimed声称；D. defended辩护。根据短语“be recognized as”意为“被评定为…”以及下文“as one of the Young Champions of the Earth 2020”可知，Matee被评为地球青年，故选A。
14．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她最近被认定为2020年地球青年，这是联合国在环境方面的最高荣誉。A. level水平；B. grant补助；C. diploma文凭；D. honour荣誉。根据上文“one of the Young Champions of the Earth 2020(2020年地球青年)”可知，这是对Matee贡献的认可，是一种荣誉，故选D。
15．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们回收的塑料越多，就越能生产出负担得起的住房，也就越多地为年轻人创造就业机会。A. employment就业；B. experiment实验；C. entertainment娱乐；D. investment投资。根据上文“we recycle the plastic(我们回收塑料)以及“we produce affordable housing(建造负担得起的住房)”可知，这些回收以及建造过程，都会需要很多人参与生产加工。因此需要很多工作人员，会产生就业机会。故选A。
16．To ensure
17．whether##when##whenever
18．how
19．Before
20．will visit##are to visit
21．marked
22．to be brought##bringing
23．anything
24．about
25．may##might
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。珍视和保护户外环境是任何一个热衷于进入大自然的人都知道的，只有当人们尊重他们所处的环境时，户外的原始美才会保持下去。为了确保做到这一点，户外道德无痕中心提出了一个由七项原则组成的框架，供人们遵循。
16．
考查动词不定式。句意：为了确保做到这一点，户外道德无痕中心提出了一个由七项原则组成的框架，供人们遵循。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作状语。根据句意，此处应该是目的状语，故用动词不定式结构，首字母大写。故填To ensure。
17．
考查状语从句。句意：无论是远足到偏远的营地还是在当地公园游玩，这些原则都可以应用。分析句子可知，空格处应填入状语从句引导词。根据后面的“or”可知，空格处可填whether。whether…or…引导让步状语从句，意为“不管……还是……”。故填whether。另外，这个句子还可以看成一个时间状语从句说明这些原则使用的时间，此时句意为：（每）当一个人远足到一个偏远的营地或在当地公园游玩时，可以应用这些原则。故可以填when或者whenever。故填whether、when或whenever。
18．
考查宾语从句。句意：不留痕迹原则为人们如何在他们探索的领域留下最小影响提供了指导。分析句子可知，空格处应填入宾语从句引导词，且引导词在句子作状语。由句意判断，应用how引导，表示“如何，怎样”。故填how。
19．
考查状语从句。句意：在你开始冒险之前，准备是必不可少的。分析句子可知，空格处应填入状语从句引导词。由句意判断，before符合句意，意为“在……之前”，首字母大写。故填Before。
20．
考查时态。句意：一点研究也会让你对你将要参观的环境有一个基本的了解。分析句子可知，the environment后面是省略了关系代词的定语从句，故空格处应填入谓语动词。由句意判断，此处指“将要参观”，故用一般将来时。故填will visit。此外，be to do 也可用于表达按计划或安排要做的事。故也可填are to visit。故填will visit或are to visit。
21．
考查过去分词。句意：你应该始终走在适当的小路上，并呆在有标记的营地。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作定语。campsites与mark是被动关系，表示“被标记的营地”，故用过去分词。故填marked。
22．
考查非谓语动词。句意：你带到一个地区的所有东西都需要带回来。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作宾语。need作实义动词时，表示“某物需要被……”可以用need doing或need to be done。need doing用主动表达被动意义。故填to be brought或bringing。
23．
考查不定代词。句意：也就是说，不要从小道上带走任何东西，比如鲜花或石头。分析句子可知，空格处应填入代词作宾语。由句意可知，此处表达“不要从小道上带走任何东西”，故anything符合句意。故填anything。
24．
考查介词。句意：最后两个原则是关于尊重和考虑。分析句子可知，空格处应填入介词。有句意可知，此处表达“关于，与……有关”，故填about。
25．
考查情态动词。句意：最后，对你遇到的任何人都要有礼貌，想想你的行为会如何影响到与你一起享受户外活动的其他人。分析句子可知，how your actions __10__ affect others that are enjoying the outdoors alongside you是宾语从句，宾语从句的谓语动词affect前设空，故应填入情态动词。由句意可知，此处表达“也许，可能”之意，故填may或might。
26．D
27．K
28．A
29．H
30．E
31．B
32．G
33．C
34．I
35．F
【解析】
【导语】
本文是说明文。文章主要介绍心碎综合症。
26．
考查副词。句意：伤心是指由于情感上的不安事件而产生的极度悲伤的感觉，通常是持续的。分析句子结构可知，空格处为状语，修饰后面的形容词disturbing，emotionally“情感上”为副词，符合句意。故选D。
27．
考查谓语动词。句意：也就是说，当我们说某人“心碎”时，我们并不是说他们的心脏出了故障。分析句子结构可知，空格处和前面的助动词has构成句子现在完成时的谓语动词，后面没有宾语，所以，空格处要用不及物动词的过去分词形式，malfunctioned“发生故障”为不及物动词的过去分词，符合句意。故选K。
28．
考查形容词。句意：然而，许多人不知道的是，所谓的心碎综合症，通常是由压力引起的，是一种公认的身体健康状况。分析句子结构可知，空格处为形容词，修饰后面的名词短语health condition，physical“身体上的”为形容词，符合句意。故选A。
29．
考查名词。句意：就像人们比喻心碎一样，心碎综合症也是由痛苦的生活事件引起的。分析句子结构可知，空格处为名词，做宾语，reference“参考，参照”为不可数名词，符合句意。故选H。
30．
考查谓语动词。句意：这些经历通常涉及死亡，离婚或者分居。分析句子结构可知，空格处为谓语动词，involve“涉及”为动词，符合句意。故选E。
31．
考查形容词。句意：在临床环境中，心碎综合症通常被混淆为心脏病发作，因为这两种病症的许多症状非常相似。分析句子结构可知，空格处为形容词，confused“混淆的”为形容词，符合句意。be confused with是固定短语，表示“与……混淆”的意思。故选B。
32．
考查谓语动词被动语态。句意：最主要的区别是，心脏病发作是由于心脏动脉阻塞引起的，而心碎综合症则是指心脏某个区域暂时性的扩大。分析句子结构可知，空格处和前面的is构成谓语动词的被动结构，所以空格处填动词的过去分词形式，characterize“以……为特征”为动词，符合句意。所以填characterized。故选G。
33．
考查非谓语动词。句意：这种肿大使心脏难以继续向全身供血，从而使患者面临心力衰竭的风险。分析句子结构可知，空格处为非谓语动词，构成continue doing的结构，表示“继续做某事”的意思，pumping“用泵抽；抽吸”为动词的现在分词形式，符合句意。故选C。
34．
考查形容词。句意：如果你经历过压力或痛苦的事件，心碎综合症的两个最初症状是胸痛和呼吸困难。分析句子结构可知，空格处为形容词，initial“最初的”为形容词，符合句意。故选I。
35．
考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，认识这些症状中的一个或两个对于帮助你在早期阶段寻求必要的治疗是至关重要的。分析句子结构可知，空格处为及物动词的动名词形式做句子的主语，recognizing“认识”为及物动词的动名词形式，符合句意。故选F。
36．D
37．B
38．A
39．C
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者喜欢在自己的花园里独处，享受这份宁静祥和，可是孩子们很喜欢在花园里帮助作者干活，慢慢作者喜欢和孩子们一起在花园里干活，同时意识到自己的自私，认识到应该和家人一起分享园艺的乐趣。
36．
推理判断题。根据第一段“MY GARDEN IS MY REFUGE; I find reflective isolation in it. I have seven children, so our house is a scene of lively confusion. For a long time, I guarded this place of peace and quiet. When the children followed me into the garden, I would hand out chores. “Here: you weed the beans, you water the onions.” Soon they would be hot or their backs would hurt from bending over, and they would leave me to myself.(我的花园是我的避难所，我在里面找到了与世隔绝的感觉。我有七个孩子，所以我们家现在是一片混乱。很长一段时间，我守卫着这个宁静祥和的地方。当孩子们跟着我走进花园时，我会给他们分配任务。“在这里，你给豆子除草，给洋葱浇水”很快他们就会热起来，或者他们的背会因为弯腰而疼痛，最后他们就会留我一人在花园。)”可知，作者很爱在花园里独处，享受着宁静祥和，但是孩子们来到花园后，作者无法享受这份宁静，由此可以推断出，作者给孩子们分配任务，是因为等他们累了，他们就会离开花园，把作者一个人留在花园里，这样作者就能独立待在花园里，故选D。
37．
推理判断题。根据第一段中“I have seven children, so our house is a scene of lively confusion.(我有七个孩子，所以我们家现在是一片混乱，非常热闹。)”可知，作者的孩子很吵闹，也很活泼，根据第二段中“My 13-year-old son, Josiah, picked up a spare spade and began helping.(我13岁的儿子Josiah拿起一把备用铲子开始帮忙。)”和第三段中“Each time, I would feel surprised to find the work was lighter for their help, and their laughter made time pass faster(每一次，我都会惊讶地发现，因为他们的帮助，工作变得更轻松，他们的笑声让时间过得更快)”可知，孩子们总是帮助作者，所以说他们很有爱心，由此可知，孩子们是吵闹，活泼和有爱心的，故选B。
38．
词句猜测题。根据第三段上文“Each time, I would feel surprised to find the work was lighter for their help, and their laughter made time pass faster.(每一次，我都会惊讶地发现，因为他们的帮助，工作变得更轻松，他们的笑声让时间过得更快)”可知，有了孩子们的帮助，工作变得很轻松，笑声也让时间过得更快，这说明作者开始喜欢和孩子们在花园里一起工作，结合划线单词下文“instead I began to share my gardening secrets.(相反我开始分享我的园艺秘诀。)”可知，作者开始喜欢和孩子们在花园里一起工作，不再讨厌孩子们的陪伴，而且开始和孩子们一起分享自己的园艺秘密，由此可推知，划线单词“resent”和dislike(不喜欢)意思一样，故选A。
39．
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“I realized how selfish I had been. I’d tried to keep the joys of gardening to myself, and here was a child who couldn’t wait to share with her brothers and sisters. I held back tears and said, “Sure, honey, let’s pick some and I'll show you how to prepare them. We’ll make the most wonderful supper.”(我意识到自己有多自私。我一直想把园艺的乐趣留给自己，而这个孩子迫不及待地想和她的兄弟姐妹们分享。我忍住眼泪说“当然，亲爱的，我们摘一些，我教你怎么做。我们会做出最美味的晚餐”)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者喜欢在自己的花园里独处，享受这份宁静祥和，可是孩子们很喜欢在花园里帮助作者干活，慢慢作者喜欢和孩子们在花园里一起干活，同时意识到自己的自私，认识到应该和家人一起分享园艺的乐趣，由此可知，作者写这篇文章是为了告诉读者，和你的家人或朋友分享，一切都会感觉更好。故选C。
40．C
41．A
42．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一款先进的可充电数字助听器。
40．
细节理解题。根据最后一段话“You can spend thousands for an expensive hearing aid, or you can spend just 249$ for hearing aid that is great for most hearing losses (only 229$ each when you buy a pair).(你可以花几千美元买一个昂贵的助听器，或者你可以花249美元买一个对大多数听力损失都很好的助听器(当你买一对时，每只只花229美元)。)”可知，如果你想买一对HCR3助听器，是有优惠的，需要付458$。故选C项。
41．
细节理解题。根据最后一段话“We are sure you will love you hearing aids that we offer a 100% Money Back Guarantee-Risk Free if you are not satisfied for any reason.(我们相信你会喜欢你的助听器，如果因任何原因你不满意，我们提供100%的退款保证-无风险。)”可知，这个助听器提供百分百退款的服务。故选A项。
42．
细节理解题。根据HCR3 Features“Don’t worry about replacing batteries! Full Charge Gives 16 Hours of Use!(不用担心更换电池！充满可使用16小时！)”可知，电池充满后可使用16小时，故选B项。
43．B
44．C
45．D
46．A
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是近年来大规模的野火烧毁了美国、澳大利亚和希腊的景观，危及了人类和动物的灭绝。针对这一问题，卡米拉斯和他的同事们开发了一款移动应用程序，为任何在野火路上的人提供野火疏散路线。
43．
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“These disasters have led to scores of deaths, and there is a growing scientific agreement that destructive wildfires will become more frequent as the planet continues to warm.(这些灾难已经导致数十人死亡,而且越来越多的科学人士一致认为,随着地球持续变暖，破坏性的野火将会更加频繁)”以及文章第二段“The statistics show that casualties, as well as the area of land burned, around the world are increasing year by year. That prompted Kamilaris and his colleagues to build a mobile app that provides personalised evacuation (撤离) routes to anyone caught in the path of a wildfire. (这些数据表明，世界各地的伤亡人数和土地烧毁面积都在逐年增加。这促使卡米拉斯和他的同事们开发了一款移动应用程序，为任何在野火路上的人提供野火疏散路线)”可知，频发的野火给人类带来的损失巨大，正是在这样一种情况下卡米拉斯和同事研发了这款软件。由此推知，第一段的目的是提供这款软件开发的相关背景。故选B项。
44．
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The app connects over mobile networks to a web server running a fire simulation (模拟) program, which uses publicly available data on geography, weather and vegetation type to predict the spread of fires at 15-minute intervals. (该应用程序通过移动网络连连接到一个运行火灾模拟程序的网络服务器上，该程序使用有关地理、天气和植被类型的公开数据，每个15分钟预测一次火灾的传播)”可知，这款app每15分钟更新一次数据。故选C项。
45．
细节理解题。根据文章第七段“But Ed Galea, a fire safety expert, worries that the route-planning algorithm (运算法则) in the study is too simple to deal with the complexities of a real-world evacuation, such as varying travel speeds or potential congestion on escape routes.(但是Ed Galea，一位消防安全专家，担心路线运算法则过于简单不能处理实际疏散的复杂性，如不同的旅行速度或潜在堵塞逃生路线)”可知，新的app的局限性在于它无法预测实时的交通堵塞。故选D项。
46．
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段““That is not to say that the goal of having a personalised wildfire evacuation guidance system is not achievable” he says. “Just not today.”(“这并不是说建立一个个性化的野火疏散系统的目标是无法实现的”他说。“只是不是今天。”)”以及最后一段“Kamilaris admits the app still needs work and says the researchers plan to add features, like the ability to tailor travel speed and monitor users to prevent congestion, before testing again in more challenging situations. (卡米拉斯承认，这款应用仍然需要工作，并表示研究人员计划增加一些功能，比如在更具挑战性的情况下再次测试用户之前，调整旅行速度和监控用户以防止拥堵的能力)”可知，Ed Galea和Kamilaris都认为一个新的个性化的野火疏散系统的必要性是不容置疑的。故选A项。
47．B
48．F
49．A
50．D
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇新闻稿。文章主要讲述寒潮Beast from the East席卷英国。
47．
由上文“Anyone expecting the arrival of spring was bitterly disappointed last week, as freezing temperatures and disruptive snow swept across the UK.(上周，严寒的气温和破坏性的大雪席卷了整个英国，所有期待春天到来的人都深感失望)”推知，空处应解释造成这一情况的原因。B项It was all thanks to the so-called Beast from the East.(这一切都要归功于所谓的Beast from the East)符合语境，并且“Beast from the East”也与下文呼应。故选B项。
48．
由下文“Because it was weakened, cold air from Siberia, in Russia, swept in over Europe, bringing with it low temperatures and snowstorms. (因为它被削弱了，来自俄罗斯西伯利亚的冷空气席卷了整个欧洲，带来了低温和暴风雪)”可知，这里主要讲气流的削弱，所以冷气流流向欧洲。F项There, a rise in air temperature weakened the jet stream，which is a band of strong wind that moves weather around the planet.(在那里，气温上升减弱了喷射气流，喷射气流是一条强风带，可以改变地球周围的天气)符合语境，其中“weakened the jet stream”和下文“Because it was weakened”对应。故选F项。
49．
由后文“It was the first red snow alert ever to be issued in the UK. At least 2,000 schools in England were forced to close. Zoos around the country also shut in order to keep the animals safe and warm. (这是英国有史以来首次发布红色降雪警报。英国至少有2000所学校被迫关闭。为了保护动物的安全和温暖，全国各地的动物园也关闭了)”可知，这里主要讲英国发布了红色降雪警报。A项A red weather warning--the most extreme-was issued as conditions became dangerous.(当天气变得危险时，发出了最极端的红色天气警报)符合语境。其中“A red weather warning”与下文“the first red snow alert”对应。故选A项。
50．
由上文“Normally, most people would be expecting to see signs of spring blossoming in the first week of March. Incredibly, in spite of the cold weather and official warnings, spring has actually sprung in Cornwall. The head gardeners of six major gardens in the county have reported blooms on their magnolia trees --a sign that the season is changing-even if it doesn't feel like it.(通常，大多数人都希望在三月的第一周看到春天开花的迹象。令人难以置信的是，尽管天气寒冷，官方也发出警告，康沃尔郡却迎来了春天。该县六大花园的园长报告说，他们的木兰树开花了，这表明季节正在改变，即使感觉不到)”可知，一些地方天气已经回暖，D项For everyone else, however, the Beast from the East means winter won’t be loosening its grip for at least a few days yet.(然而，对于其他人来说，the Beast from the East意味着冬天至少在几天内不会放松)符合语境，其中 however表与前文转折，“a sign that the season is changing”与后文“winter won’t be loosening its grip for at least a few days yet”形成对比。故选D项。
51．Cryptocurrency is an electronic cash system created through a process using cryptography. It enables fast online transaction and removes the need for financial institutions. However, the cryptocurrency industry is facing serious challenges. Weak security means the websites and the users are subjected to thefts. Besides, fake cryptocurrency cheats people of real money, so many companies are restricting cryptocurrency advertising. (59)
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，加密货币是一种通过使用密码学的过程创建的电子现金系统。它可以实现快速的在线交易，并消除了对金融机构的需求。然而，加密货币行业正面临严峻挑战。薄弱的安全性意味着网站和用户容易遭受盗窃。此外，虚假加密货币欺骗人们的真钱，所以许多公司限制加密货币广告。
【详解】
1 要点摘录
①In 2008, someone, or perhaps a group of people, using the name Satoshi Nakamoto published a paper to an online group that discussed cryptography (密码学).
②That paper described a process that would use cryptography to create a secure electronic cash system, now known as a cryptocurrency (加密货币).
③Person to person payments could be made online using a shared network of computers instead of a bank or other financial institutions. Each transaction could happen very quickly.
④Unfortunately, their becoming the global payment systems are held back by problems affecting the entire cryptocurrency industry.
⑤One issue is weak security on cryptocurrency websites where users either store their electronic cash in virtual “wallets” or exchange one kind of electronic cash for another.
⑥In recent years, clever thieves have broken into many of these websites and stolen electronic cash. The websites are struggling to protect their users from such thefts.
⑦Many visitors are persuaded by the websites to buy their cryptocurrencies using actual money. Later, the websites disappear along with the victims’ money.
⑧In response to this problem, companies like Facebook and Google are limiting cryptocurrency advertising on their websites.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2和5、6和7、8几个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句Cryptocurrency is an electronic cash system created through a process using cryptography.
It enables fast online transaction and removes the need for financial institutions.
However, the cryptocurrency industry is facing serious challenges.
Weak security means the websites and the users are subjected to thefts.
Besides, fake cryptocurrency cheats people of real money, so many companies are restricting cryptocurrency advertising.
【点睛】
[高分句型1]：Cryptocurrency is an electronic cash system created through a process using cryptography.(运用过去分词和现在分词作定语。)
[高分句型2]：Besides, fake cryptocurrency cheats people of real money, so many companies are restricting cryptocurrency advertising. (运用so引导结果状语从句。)
52．It is everyone’s duty/responsibility to conserve/save/ energy and reduce (carbon) emissions.
【解析】
【详解】
考查固定句型、名词、动词。表示“职责”应用名词duty或responsibility，每个人的职责为everyone’s duty/responsibility；表示“节约”应用动词conserve或save；表示“能源”用名词energy；表示“减少”应用动词reduce；表示“碳排放”应用名词(carbon) emissions. 表示“是某人的职责做某事”可以用固定句型it is one’s duty to do sth。故翻译为It is everyone’s duty/responsibility to conserve/save/ energy and reduce (carbon) emissions。
53．After the filming (was completed), the director devoted six months to editing his movie.
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词、名词和时态。表示“拍摄完成后”应翻译为短语After the filming (was completed)；表示“导演花了六个月的时间剪辑电影”应翻译为 the director devoted six months to editing his movie，其中“devote time to doing”表“花时间做某事”，为固定搭配。本句在描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故翻译为After the filming (was completed), the director devoted six months to editing his movie。
54．John tends to stretch the truth/blow the fact out of proportion, so whatever he says, don’t believe it.
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词，动词，介词，连词，代词，短语和时态。表示“约翰”应用名词John；表示“常常”应用动词短语tend to do；表示“夸大其词”应用动词短语stretch the truth或者blow the fact out of proportion；表示“所以”应用连词so；表示“他”应用代词he；表示“说”应用动词say；表示“不管什么”应用连词whatever；表示“不要相信”应用动词短语don’t believe it。分析句子结构和意思可知，表示“不管他说什么”是whatever引导的让步状语从句。句子描述的是现在的事实，所以谓语用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语要用第三人称单数形式。故翻译为John tends to stretch the truth/blow the fact out of proportion, so whatever he says, don’t believe it.
55．Contrary to the researchers’ assumption, those who drink one extra cup of coffee per day have a lower risk of developing mental disorders like anxiety or depressions by 12 percent.
【解析】
【详解】
考查短语、名词、定语从句、形容词。表示“研究人员的假设”为名词短语the researchers’ assumption；表示“与……相反”为短语Contrary to…，结合名词短语为Contrary to the researchers’ assumption；表示“多的，额外的”应用形容词extra；表示“一天一杯咖啡”应用短语one cup of coffee per day；故表示“每天多喝一杯咖啡的人”应用定语从句those who drink one extra cup of coffee per day；表示“有……更低的风险做某事”为短语have a lower risk of doing；表示“患精神疾病”为短语develop mental disorders；表示“焦虑”应用名词anxiety；表示“抑郁”应用名词depressions；表示“以百分之12的比例”为短语by 12 percent。故翻译为Contrary to the researchers’ assumption, those who drink one extra cup of coffee per day have a lower risk of developing mental disorders like anxiety or depressions by 12 percent.
56．The ORGANISATION for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) asked 600,000 teenagers what worried them most about their lives.
It turns out that forty percent of the students in their academic assignments feel pressure; thirty percent of the students on their relationship with their parents feel a little nervous; twenty-five percent of the students in their own image more care about, giving them some confusion.The remaining five percent of the students feel anxious and concerned about other things.
As far as I am concerned, sometimes the problems that make me worry are mainly in study. It makes me feel anxious and confused and sometimes helpless. Maybe because of a failure in an exam, I will be in a bad mood. To improve their psychological quality, I think we students should be better improved. I think we should get more help from parents and teachers.
【解析】
【导语】
本篇书面表达属于图表类作文。要求考生针对国际经合组织（OECD）对 600,000 名青少年就生活中最令他们担忧的事情进行调查的结果，联系自身实际，谈谈最让令你担忧的事情及原因。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
压力：pressure→ stress
担心：be concerned about→ be worried about
就我而言：as far as I am concerned → personally speaking
无助的：helpless→ unassisted
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句： Maybe because of a failure in an exam, I will be in a bad mood .
拓展句： It is maybe because of a failure in an exam thatI will be in a bad mood.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】twenty-five percent of the students in their own image more care about, giving them some confusion.（运用了非谓语动词中的现在分词作伴随状语。）
【高分句型2】As far as I am concerned, sometimes the problems that make me worry are mainly in study.（运用了连词that引导的限制性定语从句。）