2021-2022学年上海市杨浦区高三三模英语试题（原卷+解析版）

  高三英语测试卷

I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A(总分：115)

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Valuing and Protecting the Great Outdoors

Anyone that is keen on getting out into nature knows that the untouched beauty of the outdoors will only remain that way if people respect the environments they visit.

____1____ (ensure) that this happens, the Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics has come up with a framework of seven principles for people to follow. These principles can be applied ____2____ one is hiking to a remote campsite or enjoying a local park.

The Leave No Trace principles offer guidelines for ____3____ people can leave a minimal impact in the areas they explore. While most relate to correct behavior for when people are outdoors, the first principle is about planning ahead. ____4____ you head out on an adventure, preparation is essential. Adequate planning helps keep you and your group safe. A little research will also give you a basic understanding of the environment you ____5____ (visit).

The other rules to follow when you are outdoors are quite simple. You should always walk on proper trails and stay at ____6____ (mark) campsites. Everything you bring with you into an area needs ____7____ (bring) back out. Of course, this means trash like plastic bags and bottles, but it also includes leftovers and food scraps. Further, when you leave a nature area, you should leave what you find. That is, don’t take ____8____ from the trail like flowers or rocks with you.

You should also minimize campfires. It is actually best to carry a portable stove when you go camping. If you are making fires, it is vital that you make sure the fire is out  before   you  leave.   The  last  two   principles  are ____9____ respect and consideration. Respect any wildlife in the area; you're in their home. Finally, be courteous (谦恭的) towards anyone else you meet and think of how your actions _____10_____ affect others that are enjoying the outdoors alongside you.

Section B

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Heartbreak: Romantic Metaphor(比喻) or Serious Health Condition

It is an unfortunate fact of life that most of us will experience the sensation commonly known as “heartbreak” at some point in our lifetime. Heartbreak refers to feelings of extreme sadness often persistent, due to a(n) ____11____ disturbing event. The term “heartbreak” or “broken heart” is usually used in a symbolic sense.

That is, when we say someone is “heartbroken,” we do not mean that their heart has actually ____12____. However, what many people do not know is that so-called broken heart syndrome(综合症), often caused by stress, is a recognized ____13____ health condition.

Much like when people make metaphorical ____14____ to heartbreak, broken heart syndrome is also caused by painful life events. These experiences usually ____15____ death, divorce, or separation. However, this condition can have very real negative effects on a sufferer’s health. In clinical settings, broken heart syndrome is often ____16____ with a heart attack because many of the symptoms of these two conditions are very similar. The main difference is  that while a heart attack is ____17____ by a blockage in one of the heart’s arteries(动脉), broken heart syndrome involves temporary enlargement in one area of the heart. Such enlargement makes it difficult for the heart to continue ____18____ blood around the body and thus puts the sufferer at risk of heart failure.

If you have experienced a stressful or painful event, two ____19____ symptoms of broken heart syndrome to watch out for are chest pain and breathing difficulties. In fact, _____20_____ one or both of these symptoms can be vital in helping you seek necessary treatment in the early stages of this condition.

II. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

The East African country of Kenya has been at the forefront of the global war on plastic since 2017, when officials banned plastic bags. In June 2020, the government ____21____ the efforts with a ban on single-use plastics in protected areas. Unfortunately, the measures have ____22____ made any impact. Hundreds of tons of industrial and consumer polymer（聚合物）waste continue to get ____23____ into landfills daily. However, if 29-year-old Nzambi Matee has her way, the unpleasant plastic ____24____ will soon be transformed into colourful bricks.

The material engineer’s search to find a(n) ____25____ solution to control plastic pollution began in 2017. She quit her job as a data analyst at a local chemical factory and set up a small lab in her mother’s backyard. It took her nine months to produce the first brick and even longer to ____26____ a partner to help build the machinery to make them. But the determined eco-entrepreneur was confident in her idea and did not____27____.

She says, “I wanted to use my education in applied physics and material engineering to do something about the problem of plastic waste pollution. But I was very ____28____ that the solution had to be practical, sustainable, and affordable. The best way to do this was by ____29____ the waste into the construction and finding the most efficient and affordable material to build homes.”

Her company, Gjenge Makers, now hires 112 people and produces over 1,500 bricks a day. The pavers（铺路材料） are made using a mix of plastic products that cannot be reprocessed or recycled. The polymer is obtained ____30____ from factories or picked by hired locals from Nairobi's largest landfill, Dandora.

The collected plastic is ____31____ with sand, heated at very high temperatures, and compressed into bricks that vary in colour and thickness. The ____32____ product is stronger, lighter, and about 30 percent cheaper than concrete bricks.

Matee, who was recently ____33____ as one of the Young Champions of the Earth 2020 — the United Nations’ highest environmental ____34____. Her dream is to reduce the mountain of trash in Dandora to just a hill by increasing production and expanding her offerings. She says, “The more we recycle the plastic, the more we produce affordable housing, and the more we create ____35____ for the youth.”

21. A. modified B. glorified C. intensified D. justified

22. A. barely B. nearly C. mildly D. equally

23. A. leaked B. turned C. loaded D. dumped

24. A. modes B. heaps C. ports D. mills

25. A. personal B. orderly C. feasible D. adjustable

26. A. remind B. convince C. assure D. direct

27. A. get off B. show off C. give up D. put out

28. A. clear B. fair C. bold D. mature

29. A. enclosing B. distributing C. channelling D. reversing

30. A. distantly B. openly C. secretly D. directly

31. A. replaced B. mixed C. equipped D. fixed

32. A. reforming B. recovering C. resulting D. recording

33. A. recognized B. criticized C. claimed D. defended

34. A. level B. grant C. diploma D. honour

35. A. employment B. experiment C. entertainment D. investment

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

MY GARDEN IS MY REFUGE; I find reflective isolation in it. I have seven children, so our house is a scene of lively confusion. For a long time, I guarded this place of peace and quiet. When the children followed me into the garden, I would hand out chores. “Here: you weed the beans, you water the onions.” Soon they would be hot or their backs would hurt from bending over, and they would leave me to myself.

Then one day, I was trying to prepare the soil, and I honestly wasn’t enjoying my time of peace and loneliness. My 13-year-old son, Josiah, picked up a spare spade and began helping. Working as a team, we had the pea patch dug up and fertilized in no time at all. I thanked Josiah, realizing that l had enjoyed his company.

The same thing happened with picking up rocks and planting the seeds —one or two of the children would appear to watch and then participate. Each time, I would feel surprised to find the work was lighter for their help, and their laughter made time pass faster. So I stopped resenting their company and instead I began to share my gardening secrets. As spring became summer and the real work began, I expected the children to disappear, but no, there they were, watering, pulling weeds and checking for insects.

One day I slipped out by myself to the garden, feeling a little bit guilty. I had a suspicion that the sugar snap peas were ripe, and I wanted a taste. As I walked along the row, a little voice piped up behind me. “What are you eating, Mama?”

Abby’s big blue eyes sparkled as I showed her how to pull the strings off and pop (剥出) the peas into her mouth. She just loved how tasty they were. Then my sweet seven-year-old girl put me to shame. “Mama, I’ve got to pick a bunch. Won’t the others love them? I can’t wait to share.”

I realized how selfish I had been. I’d tried to keep the joys of gardening to myself, and here was a child who couldn’t wait to share with her brothers and sisters. I held back tears and said, “Sure, honey, let’s pick some and I’ll show you how to prepare them. We’ll make the most wonderful supper.”

36. Why did the writer ask her children to do chores whenever they were in the garden?

A She didn’t want to do all the work on her own.

B She intended to show the hard labor of gardening.

C. She didn’t want them to get hurt or get too tired.

D. She was determined to keep the garden to herself.

37. What were the children like?

① loud ② lively ③ guilty ④ loving ⑤ strong

A. ①②③④ B. ①②④ C. ①②③ D. ④⑤

38. The underlined word “resent” probably means________.

A. dislike B. expect C. keep D. sacrifice

39. What did the writer try to tell the readers with this story?

A. The best way to communicate with children is by working together.

B. The golden rule of gardening is that many hands make light work.

C Everything feels better when shared with your family or your friend.

D. Parents should spend as much time with their children as possible.

(B)

40. What is the lowest price for a pair of HCR3?

A. $249. B. $229. C. $458. D. $849.

41. If one is not satisfied with purchased HCR3, he/she can________.

A. ask for a full refund B. make an appointment with a professional

C. get 100% deposit money back D. get another one for free

42. One feature of HCR3 is that________.

A. it is packed with extra bells and whistles

B. it can run for over 15 hours on a fully-charged battery

C. the pre-programmed type is for moderate hearing losses

D. four languages are available on 4 different programs

(C)

In recent years massive wildfires have destroyed landscapes and endangered people and animals in the US, Australia and Greece. These disasters have led to scores of deaths, and there is a growing scientific agreement that destructive wildfires will become more frequent as the planet continues to warm.

The statistics show that casualties, as well as the area of land burned, around the world are increasing year by year. That prompted Kamilaris and his colleagues to build a mobile app that provides personalised evacuation (撤离) routes to anyone caught in the path of a wildfire.

The app connects over mobile networks to a web server running a fire simulation (模拟) program, which uses publicly available data on geography, weather and vegetation type to predict the spread of fires at 15-minute intervals.

A fire management tool similar to those already in use lets local fire departments quickly tag when and where a fire starts, which is then used to generate real-time simulations. The app then takes the GPS location of each user to work out potential routes, selecting the best by weighing up how quickly each route gets them to safety against how close it takes them to the fire’s path.

The best option is then displayed either as turn-by-turn directions or as a route overlaid on a map of the area similar to those used by popular maps apps.

In a small pilot program at the Athalassa National Forest Park in Cyprus, all 17 people who took part successfully escaped a simulated fire. In questionnaires they answered after the trial, the participants said the app was easy to use and that they would use it in a real wildfire.

But Ed Galea, a fire safety expert, worries that the route-planning algorithm (运算法则 ) in the study is too simple to deal with the complexities of a real-world evacuation, such as varying travel speeds or potential congestion on escape routes.

And while fire and evacuation models can help experts plan or respond to emergencies, he thinks even state-of-the-art systems have limitations that currently make them unsafe in the hands of untrained people.

“That is not to say that the goal of having a personalised wildfire evacuation guidance system is not achievable” he says. “Just not today.”

Kamilaris admits the app still needs work and says the researchers plan to add features, like the ability to tailor travel speed and monitor users to prevent congestion, before testing again in more challenging situations.

43. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?

A. To present the central topic of global warming.

B. To introduce the background for inventing the app.

C. To raise a serious problem that will be solved later.

D. To arouse the readers’ interest in the newly-invented app.

44. Which of the following is true about the new app?

A. It has the feature of monitoring the user’s movement.

B. It is not user-friendly, especially for those untrained.

C. It provides updates about the fire every 15 minutes.

D. It has access to the fire department’s database.

45. One limitation of the new app is that________.

A. the route-planning algorithm used is not accurate

B. the escape route is too complex to follow

C. it may fall into the hands of bad people

D. it can’t predict the real-time congestion

46. With regard to a personalized wildfire evacuation guidance system, both Ed Galea and Kamilaris will agree probably that________.

A. its necessity is not to be questioned

B. its biggest obstacle is privacy protection

C. it will be commercialized soon

D. its achievement is almost impossible

Section C

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Beast from the East Causes Chaos

Anyone expecting the arrival of spring was bitterly disappointed last week, as freezing temperatures and disruptive (破坏性的)snow swept across the UK. ____47____ The Beast from the East is a wintry storm caused by a major weather  event  in  the  North Pole. ____48____ Because it was weakened, cold air from Siberia, in Russia, swept in over Europe, bringing with it low temperatures and snowstorms. From 26 February, people around the country endured temperatures as low as-12 ℃ and some areas were told to expect as much as 20 centimetres of snowfall.

____49____ It was the first red snow alert ever to be issued in the UK. At least 2,000 schools in England were forced to close. Zoos around the country also shut in order to keep the animals safe and warm. Supermarkets reported queues of people waiting to stock up on supplies. A spokesperson for the Co-op supermarket said it was usual to see sales increase in extreme weather. “People stock up, ready to stay indoors,” he said.

Normally, most people would be expecting to see signs of spring blossoming in the first week of March. Incredibly, in spite of the cold weather and official warnings, spring has actually sprung in Cornwall. The head gardeners of six major gardens in the county have reported blooms on their magnolia trees--a sign that the season is changing-even if it doesn’t feel like it. ____50____

A. A red weather warning--the most extreme-was issued as conditions became dangerous.

B. It was all thanks to the so-called Beast from the East.

C. There is further heavy snow forecast overnight for the north east and eastern parts of England and isolated showers elsewhere.

D. For everyone else, however, the Beast from the East means winter won't be loosening its grip for at least a few days yet.

E. Hundreds of trains and dozens of flights were cancelled as London’s transport services were thrown into total confusion.

F. There, a rise in air temperature weakened the jet stream (喷射气流), which is a band of strong wind that moves weather around the planet.

III. Summary Writing

51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

A Brief Introduction of Cryptocurrency

In 2008, someone, or perhaps a group of people, using the name Satoshi Nakamoto published a paper to an online group that discussed cryptography (密码学). That paper described a process that would use cryptography to create a secure electronic cash system, now known as a cryptocurrency (加密货币). Person to person payments could be made online using a shared network of computers instead of a bank or other financial institutions. Each transaction could happen very quickly. The shared network of computers would also serve as the means to verify(核实) those transactions safely. Getting rid of the need for a centralized banking system would open up the possibility for anyone to become part of the digital economy.

The software behind cryptocurrency is open source, which means anyone can use the original code to create their own version. Today, there are well over a thousand different cryptocurrencies. Unfortunately, their becoming the global payment systems are held back by problems affecting the entire cryptocurrency industry. One issue is weak security on cryptocurrency websites where users either store their electronic cash in virtual “wallets” or exchange one kind of electronic cash for another. In recent years, clever thieves have broken into many of these websites and stolen electronic cash. The websites are struggling to protect their users from such thefts.

Another problem is the large number of fake cryptocurrencies that are advertised on the internet. The advertisements invite internet users to visit websites offering new cryptocurrencies. Many visitors are persuaded by the websites to buy their cryptocurrencies using actual money. Later, the websites disappear along with the victims’ money. In response to this problem, companies like Facebook and Google are limiting cryptocurrency advertising on their websites.

IV. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

52. 节能减排，人人有责。 (It)（汉译英）

53. 拍摄完成后，导演花了六个月的时间剪辑电影。(devote) （汉译英）

54. 约翰常常夸大其词，所以不管他说什么，都不要相信。（tend）（汉译英）

55. 与研究人员的假设相反，每天多喝一杯咖啡的人患焦虑或抑郁等精神疾病的风险降低了百分之十二。(contrary) （汉译英）

V. Guided Writing

56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

国际经合组织（OECD）对 600,000 名青少年就生活中最令他们担忧的事情进行了调查，结果如下图。请联系自身实际，谈谈最让令你担忧的事情及原因。