2022年上海市杨浦区高三二模（线上）英语试卷 详解版

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2021学年度第二学期期中线上教学质量评估
高三英语学科
（满分: 115分 答题时间: 105分钟）
I. Grammar and vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The Life-Givers of the Desert: Oases throughout the World
Oases(绿洲) have had a strong influence on the development of society in desert regions. Aspects of trade as well as military and political power have all been impacted by oases. Merchants have relied on these fertile zones ____1____(get) access to vital water, food, and other supplies on their journeys. Historically, the Bahariya Oasis, ____2____ (locate) 370 kilometers from Cairo, is remarkable. During the ancient time, this water reserve was an agricultural center. More recently, tourism has brought important income to the region, which ____3____(stretch) more than 2, 000 square kilometers.
It’s not surprising ____4____ fascinated history lovers are by the area’s history and geographical features. In recent years, more than 100 golden mummies ____5____(discover) as part of a tomb system, which radar has shown to include more than 10,000 mummies. This amazing discovery was made in 1996, ____6____ a donkey fell into a hole and the animal’s owner saw the face of a shiny, golden-colored mummy inside. The mummies are near another significant piece of history: the Temple of Alexander the Great. Visitors to the region can also see tombs ____7____(cut) out of huge rocks. ____8____ dating back to 2500 years ago, the tombs were in such condition as could be determined to belong to a wealthy family. In terms of physical features, Bahariya is known for its hot and cold springs and Crystal Mountain, which is not really a mountain but rather large masses of various types of crystals.
Sitting in sharp contrast to the tough, dry conditions that surround ____9____, oases are remarkable. They exist _____10_____ delicate yet crucial ecosystems, providing significant agricultural, tourism, and life-giving benefits to the regions.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. stimulation B. scared C. practice D. frustrating E. wandering
F. trusted G. readily H. respond I. simply J. stuff K. grateful
The Benefits of Boredom
How did you feel on the last day of the term? Perhaps you were excited for an upcoming holiday, or ____11____ because morning lie-ins were now possible. Whatever you felt, you probably weren’t bored. As the weeks roll on, though, boredom has a way of catching you up. As ____12____ as this might feel, it can actually be good for you to be bored.
What happens when you are bored?
When you feel bored, your brain is ____13____ struggling to find something to activate its nerves. If it can’t find ____14____, for example, by watching television, your mind will look inwards. That’s when you daydream or you find your mind “____15____”. Scientists have found that daydreaming gives your brain the space to solve problems. It can also stir imagination, ideas and creativity.
Is boredom good for you?
Sandi Mann, who wrote a book called The Science of Boredom, believes that everyone should accept boredom ____16____. According to her research, “People who are bored are more creative.” Mann also says that accepting boredom means you’re less likely to become bored, “because the more new and exciting things we experience, the more we want, so we become less accepting of the boring ____17____.”
What if boredom makes you restless?
Learning how to accept and ____18____ to boredom is important. Many people find boredom to be an uncomfortable feeling. That’s OK—with ____19____, you can learn to “sit with” that feeling and to use it to find fun and meaningful activities to do. There’s also a difference between feeling bored from time to time and feeling indifferent or uninterested in things over a long period. If that happens, talk to a _____20_____ adult who will be able to help you.
II. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
AI-based Conservation EffortsWhen an endangered seabird hits a power line, it makes a sound “very much like the laser sound from Star Wars,” says conservation (野生动物保护) biologist Marc Travers. He should ____21____ as his team from the Endangered Seabird Recovery Project recorded thousands of hours of audio to determine if power lines affected local seabirds. Travers was trying to help establish how ____22____ birds were killed by power lines on the island of Kauai in Hawaii in 2011.
His team recorded 600 hours of audio and sent the recordings to Conservation Metrics, a company that assists conservation efforts with AI resources. Conservation Metrics used a program to “listen” to the recordings and ____23____ the sounds that signified bird electrocutions (触电身亡) . The result was ____24____, as the number of bird electrocutions was in the thousands. Armed with ____25____ that power lines were killing a significant number of birds, the team worked with the local utility service to reduce bird deaths.
____26____, humans have been poor guardians of the planet. Humans have altered as much as 97 percent of land ecosystems. Key populations of ____27____ animals have dropped as much as 68 percent since 1970. The ____28____ in biodiversity around the world has created a depressing situation. Conservation efforts ____29____ key resources they need to have real impacts.
_____30_____, humans now have AI-based tools that can help. AI can quickly and accurately _____31_____ large amounts of data created by observations in the field. Then other programs such as PAWS (Protection Assistant for Wildlife Security) can help analyze the data and suggest the most _____32_____ ways to focus conservation efforts.
In large national parks and wildlife reserves, poachers (偷猎者) are a danger for animals both big and small. Some animals are worth a lot of money on the black market. Park guards are left with an impossible task because there is too much land to _____33_____. But the PAWS program allows guards to focus their efforts. PAWS has even predicted the _____34_____ of traps in areas not yet patrolled (巡逻) by rangers!
We still face many challenges to _____35_____ the loss of wildlife, but AI-powered programs promise to be a powerful conservation tool.
21. A. assume B. know C. hope D. lead
22 A. frequently B. directly C. violently D. rarely
23. A. imitate B. locate C. count D. present
24. A. puzzling B. demanding C. disturbing D. uplifting
25. A. justice B. proof C. image D. wisdom
26. A. In theory B. By definition C. On the contrary D. By many measures27. A. monitored B. enclosed C. requested D. overlooked
28. A. decline B. expansion C. climb D. quality
29. A. supply B. renew C. lack D. invent
30. A. Obviously B. Fortunately C. Interestingly D. Initially
31. A. give away B. sort through C. get over D. make up
32. A. exclusive B. delicate C. effective D. special
33. A. convey B. mark C. cover D. hide
34 A. emergence B. movement C. evolution D. existence
35. A. recover B. reverse C. remove D. reveal
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in thepassage you have just read.
(A)
The men glanced around the living room which Hana had taken great pains to decorate properly. A new flowered rug lay on the floor, and fresh white curtains that Kiku had helped Hana sew hung at the windows. The first tight buds of the flowering peach in their yard had begun to bloom, and knowing there would be callers, Hana had arranged a bunch on the table.
“We’ ll come right to the point,” a tall red-headed man said without bothering to sit down.
“There’ve been some complaints from the neighbourhood about having Japanese on this block,”
Taro caught his breath. “I see. Can you tell me who it was that complained?”
“Just some of the neighbours.”
“What is it that we have done to offend them?”
“Well, nothing specific.”
Taro looked at each of the men in turn and tried to keep his voice steady. “Gentlemen,” he began. “My wife and I looked many, many months to find a home where we might raise our daughter. When the owner said there would be no objection to our moving in here, we trusted him. It was a dream come true for us. We have already spent much time and money to make this house our home. And now, you would ask us to leave?”
Taro dared not stop before he finished all he wanted to say: “I should like to meet those neighbours who object to us,” he said. “Is it any of you gentlemen?”The men looked uncomfortable. “We’re just here to represent them.”
“Then please invite them to come talk to me. If they can tell me why we aren’t desirable or why we do not deserve their respect, I shall consider their request. I am the proprietor of Takeda Dry Goods and Grocers on Seventh Street and I would be happy to have them visit my shop as well.”
The men glanced uneasily at one another and had nothing more to say.
36. The main purpose of the gentlemen’s visit was to ________.
A. arrange a meeting for Taro to talk with the angry neighbours
B. make Taro aware of the complaints about the family’s decorations
C. tell Taro that his family was not welcome in the neighbourhood
D. extend their welcome to the family to settle in the neighbourhood
37. The underlined word “proprietor” is closest in meaning to ________.
A. owner B. newcomer C. customer D. caller
38. Which description best reflects Taro’s character?
A. He was eager to avoid conflicts. B. He was brave to defend his rights.
C. He was offensive and disrespectful. D. He was considerate of others’ feelings.
39. What social problem is revealed in the story?
A. Unsafe neighbourhood. B. Illegal Immigration.
C. Housing shortage. D. Racial prejudice.
(B)
Football star inspires poetry pupils
Rio Ferdinand is one of the Premier League’s greatest ever players. He made his first appearance in the League for West Ham in the 1995-96 season and by the time he retired from the 2014-15 season, he had won
When you were at school, what subject did you like the most?
“I like drama, PE and English. These were my three strongest
COMPETITION
Why not write your own poem on the theme of diversity for the Premier Writing Stars competition?
Last year, more than 25,000 children entered. You could even write a rap or song lyrics. Your class could win a poetry workshop and have the Premier League trophy visit your primary school! Rio Ferdinand’s fellow judges include poet


subjects at school.”
What was
Joseph Coelho, musician Olly

the Premier League title six times with Manchester United.
Ferdinand was eager to be a judge in the Premier League Writing Stars competition, where children can hand in their own poem on the theme of diversity. Ferdinand decided to drop in on his old school, Camelot Primary in Peckham, London, and answer some questions.
Are you excited to be a judge for the Premier League Writing Stars poetry competition?
“I’m very excited because you get the chance to see what the kids are up to now and how the kids think. It’s really important for people
your favourite book at school?
“As a kid, my favourite book was The Twits by Roald Dahl.”
The Premier League Writing Stars competition asks us to celebrate the ways in which we are beautifully different and wonderfully the same. Why is this an important theme?
“It is an important theme because it is true. I’ve been to many parts of the world and everyone is similar in the way they are. Everywhere you go, there are a lot of different people
Murs and writer Lauren Child. There will be two national winners and ten regional winners from both key stage 1 (five to seven years old) and key stage 2 (seven to 11 years old). The closing date is Friday 13 May, so get your teacher to register on PLPrimaryStars.com this week!


to express themselves
in the world, but


through words. I can’t wait to read all of the poems.”
we are very much the same in many ways.”


40. To enter the competition, an applicant must ________.
A. be under the age of seven B. hand in a poem this week
C. write about the theme of diversity D. register on Friday 13 May
41. What can be learned about Rio Ferdinand?
A. He rose to fame for the poems he wrote back at school.
B. He once dropped out of Camelot Primary in Peckham.
C. He has been an organizer of the competition since 2015.
D. He is delighted to be the judge in the competition.
42. The purpose of the poster is to ________.
A promote the popularity of the competition
B. introduce the association of Premier League
C. motivate children to do sports in their spare time
D. bridge the gap between sports and literature
(C)
Wild animals are equipped with a variety of techniques to avoid becoming lunch for a bigger animal, also known as a predator (捕食者) in nature. The most well-known methods include the classic fight and flight as well as freeze.
A team of researchers wondered whether closeness to people might impact those survival strategies. “We often see that animals are more tolerant around us in urban areas, but we don’t really know why.” says evolutionary biologist Dan Blumstein. “Is it individual plasticity, meaning individuals change their fear of us and that leads to tolerance? Or can there be an evolutionary factor involved?”
To find out, Blumstein and his colleagues combined information from 173 studies of over 100 species, including mammals, birds, fish and even mollusks. It turns out that regardless of evolutionary ancestry, the animals react in a similar way to life among humans: they lose their anti-predator characteristics. That pattern is especially pronounced for plant-eating animals and for social species. This behavioral change is perhaps unsurprising when it’s intentional, the result of domestication or controlled breeding. But it turns out that urbanization alone results in a similar change, though around three times more slowly.
The main point is: we’re essentially domesticating animals by urbanization. We’re selecting for the same sorts of characteristics that we would if we were actually trying to domesticate them. If the urbanization process helps animals better co-exist with people, it could be to their benefit. But if it makes them more defenseless to their nonhuman predators, it could be a real problem. Either way, these results mean that city living has enough of an influence on wild animals that evolutionary processes kick in. Those reductions in anti-predator characteristics become encoded in their genes. We’re changing the population genetics one way or another.
What the researchers now wonder is whether the mere presence of tourists in less urbanized areas can cause similar changes in wild animals. If so, serious questions exist for the idea of ethical, welfare-oriented eco-tourism. If we wish to help animals keep their anti-predator defenses, the researchers say, we might have to intentionally expose animals to predators. It’s just yet one other way that we’re changing the world around us.
43. The research led by Blumstein is aimed at ________.
A. determining how animals’ survival is impacted by individual plasticity
B. studying how living among humans affects animals’ survival strategies
C. comparing the effectiveness of different survival techniques
D. finding out which evolutionary factor impacts animals’ survival methods
44. Which of the following practices may contribute to animals losing anti-predator characteristics?
A. Controlled breeding of animals. B. Banning the operation of eco-tourism.
C. Planned selection of favorable genes. D. Eliminating domestication.
45. Which of the following statements is Blumstein likely to agree with?
A. Urbanization has made wild animals more alert.
B. Urbanization has brought concrete benefits to animals.
C. City living has led to animals’ genetic variations.
D. City living has helped to preserve animal species.
46. The animal rescue center spotted an injured fox a year ago and has since nursed it back to health. Before releasing it back to the wild, the center should probably ________.
A. expose the fox to the urban environment repeatedly
B. train the fox to co-exist with the less aggressive predators
C. intentionally get the fox accustomed to the presence of humans
D. purposefully adapt the fox to predator related environment
Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Flight Shaming: # stayontheground
For the environmentally conscious, boarding a flight can be a source of mild stress or guilt, considering the large amounts of carbon footprint that comes with it. ____47____
Flight shaming, or flygskam, is a movement that originated in Sweden in 2017. Back then, singer Staffan Lindberg declared his intention to give up flying to and from his concerts in favor of travel by train, bus, car, or boat. ____48____ Before long, a substantial portion of the general public had happily jumped on board. The following year, the hashtag # jagstannarpamarken—which translates as # stayontheground started gaining popularity on the Internet, and by 2019, annual air travel in Sweden had fallen by 5%.
Although “shame” has a relatively negative meaning associated with it, the overall outcome of the flight shaming movement has been undeniably positive. No longer restricted to Sweden alone, the trend has spread throughout Europe. ____49____ Besides, the movement is less about shaming other people out of flying than it is about changing one’s own travel habits for the benefits of the Earth.
An interesting side effect of the flight shaming movement is that those who observe it often rediscover the novelty of slow, purposeful travel. When traveling by land, one can take in the variety of sights, sounds, and smells along the way. ____50____ Without doubt, travelers willing to take on the challenge of flygskam have the opportunity to experience local culture in ways that passengers flying thousands of miles above could only dream of.
A. More and more Europeans are now choosing to travel by land or sea whenever possible.
B. However airlines in Europe also have warned of the harmful effects of the flight shaming movement.
C. In addition, travelers are more likely to discover interesting new restaurants and hotels, and get a chance to interact with the locals.
D. A new anti-flying movement known as “flight shaming” is giving Earth-loving travelers a way of shaking off their guilt while still experiencing the joys of domestic and international travel.
E. It’s a way of revisiting holiday travel plan, including your accommodations while protecting the environment.
F. Other local celebrities, including environmental icon Greta Thunberg, followed suit.
III. Summary Writing
51 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
A New Wave of Migration
As the sea extends steadily inland in countries such as Bangladesh and as decreasing rains put already marginal farmland out of play in Ethiopia and other places, a wave of migration caused by the changing climate is taking shape on the horizon.
But most “climate migrants” will not be heading abroad to start new lives; instead they will settle elsewhere in their home countries. A report released this week declares that if nothing is done to control global warming and factor migration into development planning, by mid-century this internal population shift could involve more than 140 million people in three regions examined: sub-Saharan Africa, south Asia and Latin America. “Climate change is already a driver of internal migration, and it will become more so in the future,” says John Roome, senior director of Climate change at The World Bank Group.
The potential for such an increase in area consisting of 55 percent of the developing world’s population raises questions of environmental justice because those who have contributed the least to global warming are forced to shoulder more of the burden. It is necessary for developed countries like the U.S. to step up, says Maria Cristina Garcia, a professor of American Studies at Cornell University. Developed countries can help by both working to limit greenhouse gas emissions and funding efforts to help developing nations plan for climate migration challenges.
The study of climate migration is still relatively new, and projections of just how many people might be driven from their homes as the world warms are hard to pin down. Some people will need to migrate despite any measures that might be taken —but “this doesn’t have to be a crisis” Roome says. Properly managed migration could even bring more economic opportunities to some poor communities. But planning needs to start now.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
IV. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 在等待测试结果的时候，居民们都如坐针毡。(seem) (汉译英)53. 再怎么强调保持社交距离的重要性也不为过。(distance) (汉译英)
54. 入侵物种所造成的经济与环境损失真是超乎人们的想象。(imagination) （汉译英）
55. 看见线上课堂里的老师摇身一变成了社区志愿者，这位女孩情不自禁地向她比心。(transform) （汉译英）
V. Guided Writing
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是明启中学的学生李明，学生会将要举办英语演讲比赛，正在征求学生意见。请你根据下表中的比赛方案，向学生会写封邮件，指明需要改善的地方并提出改进建议与理由。
英语演讲比赛
主题
My Dream
时长
2分钟
提交方式
发送视频到电子邮箱speechcontest@126. com
评奖方式
校园网上师生投票评奖
参赛截止日期
本月底前
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2021学年度第二学期期中线上教学质量评估
高三英语学科
（满分: 115分 答题时间: 105分钟）
I. Grammar and vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The Life-Givers of the Desert: Oases throughout the World
Oases(绿洲) have had a strong influence on the development of society in desert regions. Aspects of trade as well as military and political power have all been impacted by oases. Merchants have relied on these fertile zones ____1____(get) access to vital water, food, and other supplies on their journeys. Historically, the Bahariya Oasis, ____2____ (locate) 370 kilometers from Cairo, is remarkable. During the ancient time, this water reserve was an agricultural center. More recently, tourism has brought important income to the region, which ____3____(stretch) more than 2, 000 square kilometers.
It’s not surprising ____4____ fascinated history lovers are by the area’s history and geographical features. In recent years, more than 100 golden mummies ____5____(discover) as part of a tomb system, which radar has shown to include more than 10,000 mummies. This amazing discovery was made in 1996, ____6____ a donkey fell into a hole and the animal’s owner saw the face of a shiny, golden-colored mummy inside. The mummies are near another significant piece of history: the Temple of Alexander the Great. Visitors to the region can also see tombs ____7____(cut) out of huge rocks. ____8____ dating back to 2500 years ago, the tombs were in such condition as could be determined to belong to a wealthy family. In terms of physical features, Bahariya is known for its hot and cold springs and Crystal Mountain, which is not really a mountain but rather large masses of various types of crystals.
Sitting in sharp contrast to the tough dry conditions that surround ____9____, oases are remarkable. They exist _____10_____ delicate yet crucial ecosystems, providing significant agricultural, tourism, and life-giving benefits to the regions.
【1~10题答案】
【答案】1. to get
2. located 3. stretches 4. how 5. have been discovered##were discovered
6. when 7. cut
8. Though##Although
9. them 10. as
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了巴哈里亚绿洲。
【1题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：商人们在旅途中依靠这些肥沃的地区来获得重要的水、食物和其他补给。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词不定式做目的状语，rely on sb./sth. to do…是固定搭配，表示“依赖…做某事”的意思。故填to get。
【2题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：从历史上看，距开罗370公里的巴哈里亚绿洲非常壮观。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查过去分词做后置定语，修饰前面的名词the Bahariya Oasis，是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动的意思。故填located。
【3题详解】
考查谓语动词时态。句意：最近，旅游业给这个面积超过2000平方公里的地区带来了重要的收入。分析句子可知，这句话描述的现在的事实，所以谓语要用一般现在时，主语是the region，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填stretches。
【4题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：历史爱好者对这个地区的历史和地理特征如此着迷也就不足为奇了。分析句子结构可知，it是形式主语， ____4____ fascinated history lovers are by the area’s history and geographical features是真正的主语，这是主语从句结构；分析主从句意思可知，上下文需要副词how修饰形容词fascinated，表示“如何”的意思。故填how。
【5题详解】
考查谓语动词时态和语态。句意：近年来，超过100具金黄色的木乃伊作为陵墓系统的一部分被发现，雷达显示其中包括超过10000具木乃伊。根据句子结构可知，In recent years做时间状语，所以句子谓语要用现在完成时；分析句子意思可知，主语复数名词more than 100 golden mummies和动词discover是被动的关系，所以要用被动，助动词用have。分析句子意思，这句话可以理解为过去的事实，所以谓语也可以用一般过去时的被动结构，be动词用were。故填have been discovered/were discovered。
【6题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这个惊人的发现发生在1996年，当时一头驴子掉进了一个洞里，它的主人看到了里面一个金色发亮的木乃伊的脸。根据句子结构可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词是1996，在从句中做时间状语。故填when。
【7题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：来到这个地区的游客还可以看到从巨大的岩石中挖出来的坟墓。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查过去分词做后置定语，和前面被修饰的名词tombs是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动的意思。故填cut。
【8题详解】
考查让步状语从句的连词。句意：虽然是2500年前的墓穴，但是这些墓葬的状况仍然可以确定是属于一个富裕的家庭。根据句子结构和意思可知，逗号前后是转折的关系。故填Though/Although。
【9题详解】
考查代词。句意：绿洲与周围艰苦干燥的环境形成鲜明对比，绿洲非同寻常。根据句子结构可知，that surround是定语从句结构，先行词是conditions，在从句中做主语，所以及物动词surround缺少宾语，根据句意可知，宾语应该是指oases，是复数名词，所以用代词them代替。故填them。
【10题详解】
考查介词。句意：它们作为微妙而关键的生态系统存在，为这些地区提供了重要的农业、旅游和生命利益。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查介词，表示“作为”的意思。故填as。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. stimulation B. scared C. practice D. frustrating E. wandering
F. trusted G. readily H. respond I. simply J. stuff K. grateful
The Benefits of Boredom
How did you feel on the last day of the term? Perhaps you were excited for an upcoming holiday, or ____11____ because morning lie-ins were now possible. Whatever you felt, you probably weren’t bored. As the weeks roll on, though, boredom has a way of catching you up. As ____12____ as this might feel, it can actually be good for you to be bored.
What happens when you are bored?
When you feel bored, your brain is ____13____ struggling to find something to activate its nerves. If it can’t find ____14____, for example, by watching television, your mind will look inwards. That’s when you daydream or you find your mind “____15____”. Scientists have found that daydreaming gives your brain the space to solve problems. It can also stir imagination, ideas and creativity.
Is boredom good for you?
Sandi Mann, who wrote a book called The Science of Boredom, believes that everyone should accept boredom ____16____. According to her research, “People who are bored are more creative.” Mann also says that accepting boredom means you’re less likely to become bored, “because the more new and exciting things we experience, the more we want, so we become less accepting of the boring ____17____.”
What if boredom makes you restless?
Learning how to accept and ____18____ to boredom is important. Many people find boredom to be an uncomfortable feeling. That’s OK—with ____19____, you can learn to “sit with” that feeling and to use it to find fun and meaningful activities to do. There’s also a difference between feeling bored from time to time and feeling indifferent or uninterested in things over a long period. If that happens, talk to a _____20_____ adult who will be able to help you.
【11~20题答案】
【答案】11. K 12. D
13. G 14. A
15. E 16. I
17. J 18. H
19. C 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述无聊的好处。
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：也许你会因为即将到来的假期感到兴奋，或者因为早上睡懒觉变得可能了而感激。分析句子可知，空格处为形容词，和前面的excited并列做表语，grateful“感激的”为形容词，符合句意。故选K。
【12题详解】
考查形容词。句意：虽然这感觉有点让人沮丧，但无聊对你来说还是有好处的。分析句子可知，空格处为feel后面的表语，修饰主语this所指代的前面的句子“As the weeks roll on, though, boredom has a way of catching you up”，frustrating“令人沮丧的”为形容词，符合句意。故选D。
【13题详解】考查副词。句意：当你感到无聊的时候，你的大脑乐意去努力寻找某种东西来激活它的神经。分析句子可知，空格处为副词，修饰动词struggling，readily“乐意地，欣然地”为副词，符合句意。故选G。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：如果它不能找到刺激，比如，通过看电视，你的思想就会内视。分析句子可知，空格处为及物动词find的宾语，所以应该是名词，根据上文“struggling to find something to activate its nerves”可知，stimulation“刺激，启发”为名词，符合句意。故选A。
【15题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：那就是当你做白日梦或者你发现你的大脑“游荡”的时候。分析句子可知，空格处为及物动词find的宾补成分，对宾语your mind进行补充说明，表示正在进行的动作，wandering“游荡；漫游；漫步”为动词的现在分词形式，可以表示动作正在进行，符合句意。故选E。
【16题详解】
考查副词。句意：Sandi mann 写了一本书叫做《无聊的科学》他认为每个人都确实应该接受无聊。分析句子可知，空格处为副词，修饰动词accept，simply“确实”为副词，符合句意。故选I。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：因为我们经历的新鲜刺激的事情越多，我们想要的就越多，所以我们越不能接受无聊的东西。分析句子可知，空格处为名词，被前面的形容词boring修饰，stuff“东西”为名词，符合句意。故选J。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：学习如何接受并回应无聊是很重要的。分析句子可知，空格处为动词，和前面的动词accept并列，respond“做出回应”为动词，符合句意。故选H。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：那没关系——多加练习，你可以学会与那种感觉“坐在一起”，并利用它找到乐趣和有意义的活动来做。分析句子可知，空格处为介词with后面的宾语，所以填名词，practice“练习”为名词，符合句意。故选C。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：如果这发生了，和一个能够帮助你的可信赖的成年人说说。分析句子可知，空格处为形容词，做定语，修饰后面的名词adult，trusted“可信赖的”为形容词，符合句意。故选F。
II. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. AI-based Conservation Efforts
When an endangered seabird hits a power line, it makes a sound “very much like the laser sound from Star Wars,” says conservation (野生动物保护) biologist Marc Travers. He should ____21____ as his team from the Endangered Seabird Recovery Project recorded thousands of hours of audio to determine if power lines affected local seabirds. Travers was trying to help establish how ____22____ birds were killed by power lines on the island of Kauai in Hawaii in 2011.
His team recorded 600 hours of audio and sent the recordings to Conservation Metrics, a company that assists conservation efforts with AI resources. Conservation Metrics used a program to “listen” to the recordings and ____23____ the sounds that signified bird electrocutions (触电身亡) . The result was ____24____, as the number of bird electrocutions was in the thousands. Armed with ____25____ that power lines were killing a significant number of birds, the team worked with the local utility service to reduce bird deaths.
____26____, humans have been poor guardians of the planet. Humans have altered as much as 97 percent of land ecosystems. Key populations of ____27____ animals have dropped as much as 68 percent since 1970. The ____28____ in biodiversity around the world has created a depressing situation. Conservation efforts ____29____ key resources they need to have real impacts.
_____30_____, humans now have AI-based tools that can help. AI can quickly and accurately _____31_____ large amounts of data created by observations in the field. Then other programs such as PAWS (Protection Assistant for Wildlife Security) can help analyze the data and suggest the most _____32_____ ways to focus conservation efforts.
In large national parks and wildlife reserves, poachers (偷猎者) are a danger for animals both big and small. Some animals are worth a lot of money on the black market. Park guards are left with an impossible task because there is too much land to _____33_____. But the PAWS program allows guards to focus their efforts. PAWS has even predicted the _____34_____ of traps in areas not yet patrolled (巡逻) by rangers!
We still face many challenges to _____35_____ the loss of wildlife, but AI-powered programs promise to be a powerful conservation tool.
21. A. assume B. know C. hope D. lead
22. A. frequently B. directly C. violently D. rarely
23. A. imitate B. locate C. count D. present
24. A. puzzling B. demanding C. disturbing D. uplifting
25. A. justice B. proof C. image D. wisdom
26. A. In theory B. By definition C. On the contrary D. By many measures27. A. monitored B. enclosed C. requested D. overlooked
28. A. decline B. expansion C. climb D. quality
29. A. supply B. renew C. lack D. invent
30. A. Obviously B. Fortunately C. Interestingly D. Initially
31. A. give away B. sort through C. get over D. make up
32. A. exclusive B. delicate C. effective D. special
33. A. convey B. mark C. cover D. hide
34. A. emergence B. movement C. evolution D. existence
35. A. recover B. reverse C. remove D. reveal
【21~35题答案】
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. B 32. C 33. C 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能有望在野生动物保护领域发挥重要作用。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他应该知道，因为他的团队来自濒危海鸟恢复项目，录制了数千小时的音频，以确定电线是否影响了当地的海鸟。A. assume假定，假设；B. know知道；C. hope希望；D. lead引领，带路。根据句中“as his team from the Endangered Seabird Recovery Project recorded thousands of hours of audio to determine if power lines affected local seabirds”可知，Travers的团队记录了数千小时的音频，所以他知道海鸟撞到电线时发出的声音。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：特拉弗斯试图帮助确定2011年在夏威夷考艾岛鸟类被电线杀死的频率。A. frequently经常地，频繁地；B. directly直接地；C. violently猛烈地；D. rarely罕有。根据第二段“The result was 　　4　　　, as the number of bird electrocutions was in the thousands.”可知，Travers的研究要统计被电死的鸟类的数量，即确定鸟类被电线杀死的频率。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Conservation Metrics使用了一个程序来听录音，并计算鸟类被电死的声音次数。A. imitate模仿，仿效；B. locate确定……的位置；C. count计数，点数目；D. present 颁发，赠送。根据下文“The result was 　　4　　　, as the number of bird electrocutions was in the thousands.”可推知，这个程序要统计鸟类被电死的声音的次数。故选C项。
24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：结果是令人不安的，因为被电死的鸟类数量达到了数千只。A. puzzling令人迷惑的；B. demanding苛刻的，难以满足的；C. disturbing令人不安的，引起恐慌的；D. uplifting令人振奋的。根据句中“the number of bird electrocutions was in the thousands”可知，被电死的鸟类数量达到了数千只，这是非常令人不安的数据。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有了电线正在杀死大量鸟类的证据，该小组与当地公用事业部门合作，以减少鸟类的死亡。A. justice公平，正义；B. proof证明，证据；C. image形象，印象；D. wisdom智慧，才智。根据上文“The result was 　　4　　　, as the number of bird electrocutions was in the thousands.”可知，电线正杀死大量鸟类是有科学证据支持的。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：从许多方面来看，人类一直都是这个星球的糟糕守护者。A. In theory理论上；B. By definition按照定义；C. On the contrary正相反；D. By many measures从许多方面来看。结合常识和下文“Humans have altered as much as 97 percent of land ecosystems.”可推知，人类是糟糕的守护者，在从许多方面来看，都表现得很差。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：自1970年以来，受监测的主要动物数量下降了68%。A. monitored监测；B. enclosed包围；C. requested请求，要求；D. overlooked忽视，忽略。结合选项和句中“have dropped as much as 68 percent since 1970”可推知，受监测的动物才会有准确的数据。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：世界各地生物多样性的减少造成了一种令人沮丧的局面。A. decline下降，衰退；B. expansion扩大，扩张；C. climb攀登，攀爬；D. quality质量，品质。根据句中“created a depressing situation”可知，生物多样性的减少造成令人沮丧的局面。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：保护工作缺乏产生实际影响所需的关键资源。A. supply供应，提供；B. renew重新开始；C. lack缺乏；D. invent发明，创造。结合上文“a depressing situation”和下文“to have real impacts”可推知，保护工作缺乏产生实际影响所需的关键资源，情况不容乐观。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，人类现在有基于人工智能的工具可以提供帮助。A. Obviously明显地；B. Fortunately幸运地；C. Interestingly有趣地；D. Initially开始，最初。上文说保护工作情况不容乐观，结合句中“humans now have AI-based tools that can help”可知，人工智能工具能提供帮助，这是幸运地。故选B项。【31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：人工智能可以快速、准确地对现场观察产生的大量数据进行分类。A. give away赠送；B. sort through分类，整理；C. get over克服；D. make up组成。结合常识和句中“large amounts of data”可推知，人工智能可以快速、准确地分类和整理数据。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后，其他程序，如PAWS(野生动物安全保护助理)可以帮助分析数据，并提出最有效的方法来集中保护工作。A. exclusive专用的；B. delicate柔和的；C. effective有效的；D. special特殊的。根据“suggest”和“ways to focus conservation efforts”可推知，像PAWS之类的程序在分析数据后，能提出最有效的方法。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：公园警卫面临着一项不可能完成的任务，因为有太多的土地需要巡逻。A. convey传送，运输；B. mark做记号，做标记；C. cover覆盖，行走；D. hide隐藏。根据上文“an impossible task because there is too much land”可知，对于公园警卫来说，有太多的土地需要巡逻，是不可能的任务，动词cover意为“行走(一段路程)”，本题中可理解为“巡逻”。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：PAWS甚至预测出在一些还没有巡逻的地区存在的捕捉动物的陷阱。A. emergence出现，显现；B. movement移动，转移；C. evolution进化，演变；D. existence存在，实有。结合上文“In large national parks and wildlife reserves, poachers (偷猎者) are a danger for animals both big and small”可知，偷猎者会铺设捕捉动物的陷阱，而PAWS可以作出预测。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：要彻底改变野生动物减少的现状，我们仍然面临许多挑战，但人工智能程序有望成为一个强大的保护工具。A. recover恢复，康复；B. reverse彻底改变（决定、政策、趋势等）；C. remove移开，拿开；D. reveal揭示，透露。根据句中“face many challenges”和“the loss of wildlife”可知，要彻底改变野生动物减少的现状仍面临巨大挑战。故选B项。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in thepassage you have just read.
(A)
The men glanced around the living room which Hana had taken great pains to decorate properly. A new flowered rug lay on the floor, and fresh white curtains that Kiku had helped Hana sew hung at the windows. The first tight buds of the flowering peach in their yard had begun to bloom, and knowing there would be callers, Hana had arranged a bunch on the table.
“We’ ll come right to the point,” a tall red-headed man said without bothering to sit down.
“There’ve been some complaints from the neighbourhood about having Japanese on this block,”
Taro caught his breath. “I see. Can you tell me who it was that complained?”
“Just some of the neighbours.”
“What is it that we have done to offend them?”
“Well, nothing specific.”
Taro looked at each of the men in turn and tried to keep his voice steady. “Gentlemen,” he began. “My wife and I looked many, many months to find a home where we might raise our daughter. When the owner said there would be no objection to our moving in here, we trusted him. It was a dream come true for us. We have already spent much time and money to make this house our home. And now, you would ask us to leave?”
Taro dared not stop before he finished all he wanted to say: “I should like to meet those neighbours who object to us,” he said. “Is it any of you gentlemen?”
The men looked uncomfortable. “We’re just here to represent them.”
“Then please invite them to come talk to me. If they can tell me why we aren’t desirable or why we do not deserve their respect I shall consider their request. I am the proprietor of Takeda Dry Goods and Grocers on Seventh Street and I would be happy to have them visit my shop as well.”
The men glanced uneasily at one another and had nothing more to say.
36. The main purpose of the gentlemen’s visit was to ________.
A. arrange a meeting for Taro to talk with the angry neighbours
B. make Taro aware of the complaints about the family’s decorations
C. tell Taro that his family was not welcome in the neighbourhood
D. extend their welcome to the family to settle in the neighbourhood
37. The underlined word “proprietor” is closest in meaning to ________.
A. owner B. newcomer C. customer D. caller
38. Which description best reflects Taro’s character?
A. He was eager to avoid conflicts. B. He was brave to defend his rights.
C. He was offensive and disrespectful. D. He was considerate of others’ feelings.
39. What social problem is revealed in the story?A. Unsafe neighbourhood. B. Illegal Immigration.
C. Housing shortage. D. Racial prejudice.
【36~39题答案】
【答案】36. C 37. A 38. B 39. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了因种族偏见，刚搬新家的日本人太郎遭到邻居的投诉，但他不卑不亢，勇敢地主张和捍卫了自己的权利。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“‘We’ ll come right to the point,’ a tall red-headed man said without bothering to sit down. (“我们开门见山吧，”一个高大的红发男人说，连坐都懒得坐下来)”和第三段“There’ve been some complaints from the neighbourhood about having Japanese on this block, (附近有些人抱怨说这个街区有日本人)”可知，这两位先生来访的主要目的是告诉太郎他的家人在附近不受欢迎。故选C项。
【37题详解】
词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“I am the proprietor of Takeda Dry Goods and Grocers on Seventh Street and I would be happy to have them visit my shop as well.(我是第七街武田干货杂货店的proprietor，我也很乐意让他们来参观我的商店)”中“my shop”可推知，太郎是杂货店的老板，所以划线词proprietor是指“所有者”，与owner同义。故选A项。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Taro caught his breath. ‘I see. Can you tell me who it was that complained?’(太郎屏住了呼吸。“我明白了。你能告诉我是谁投诉的吗?”)”，倒数第五段“My wife and I looked many, many months to find a home where we might raise our daughter. When the owner said there would be no objection to our moving in here, we trusted him. It was a dream come true for us. We have already spent much time and money to make this house our home. And now, you would ask us to leave?(我和妻子花了好几个月的时间寻找一个可以抚养我们女儿的家。当老板说不会反对我们搬进来的时候，我们相信了他。对我们来说，美梦成真了。我们已经花了很多时间和金钱把这所房子建成我们的家。现在，你要让我们离开?)”和倒数第二段“I am the proprietor of Takeda Dry Goods and Grocers on Seventh Street and I would be happy to have them visit my shop as well. (我是第七街武田干货杂货店的proprietor，我也很乐意让他们来参观我的商店)”可知，太郎面对不善来者，不卑不亢，勇敢地主张和捍卫了自己的权利，所以D项“He was brave to defend his rights. (他勇敢地捍卫自己的权利)”最能反映了太郎的性格。故选B项。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文并结合第三段“There’ve been some complaints from the neighbourhood about having Japanese on this block, (附近有些人抱怨说这个街区有日本人)”可知，因种族偏见，刚搬新家的日本人太郎遭到邻居的投诉，但他不卑不亢，勇敢地主张和捍卫了自己的权利，由此可知，本文揭示了种族偏见这一社会问题。故选D项。
(B)
Football star inspires poetry pupils
Rio Ferdinand is one of the Premier League’s greatest ever players. He made his first appearance in the League for West Ham in the 1995-96 season and by the time he retired from the 2014-15 season, he had won the Premier League title six times with Manchester United.
Ferdinand was eager to be a judge in the Premier League Writing Stars competition, where children can hand in their own poem on the theme of diversity. Ferdinand decided to drop in on his old school, Camelot Primary in Peckham,
When you were at school, what subject did you like the most?
“I like drama, PE and English. These were my three strongest subjects at school.”
What was your favourite book at school?
“As a kid, my favourite book was The Twits by Roald Dahl.”
The Premier League Writing Stars competition asks us to celebrate the ways in which we are beautifully different and wonderfully the
COMPETITION
Why not write your own poem on the theme of diversity for the Premier Writing Stars competition?
Last year, more than 25,000 children entered. You could even write a rap or song lyrics. Your class could win a poetry workshop and have the Premier League trophy visit your primary school! Rio Ferdinand’s fellow judges include poet Joseph Coelho, musician Olly Murs and writer Lauren Child. There will be two national winners and ten regional winners from both key stage 1 (five to seven years old) and key stage 2 (seven to 11 years old). The closing date is Friday 13 May, so get your teacher to register on PLPrimaryStars.com this week!


London, and answer some questions.
Are you excited to be a judge for the Premier League Writing Stars poetry competition?
“I’m very excited because you get the chance to see what the kids are up to now and how the kids think. It’s really important for people to express themselves through words. I can’t wait to read all of the poems.”
same. Why is this an important theme?
“It is an important theme because it is true. I’ve been to many parts of the world and everyone is similar in the way they are. Everywhere you go, there are a lot of different people in the world, but we are very much the same in many ways.”


40. To enter the competition, an applicant must ________.
A. be under the age of seven B. hand in a poem this week
C. write about the theme of diversity D. register on Friday 13 May
41. What can be learned about Rio Ferdinand?
A. He rose to fame for the poems he wrote back at school.
B. He once dropped out of Camelot Primary in Peckham.
C. He has been an organizer of the competition since 2015.
D. He is delighted to be the judge in the competition.
42. The purpose of the poster is to ________.
A. promote the popularity of the competition
B. introduce the association of Premier LeagueC. motivate children to do sports in their spare time
D. bridge the gap between sports and literature
【40~42题答案】
【答案】40. C 41. D 42. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍著名球星费迪南德做评委的英超写作之星诗歌比赛，这极大地提升了比赛的受欢迎度。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据COMPETITION部分“Why not write your own poem on the theme of diversity for the Premier Writing Stars competition?”(为什么不写你自己的诗，关于多样性的主题，为首席写作明星竞赛？)可知，参赛者要写关于多样性的主题的诗。故选C。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Are you excited to be a judge for the Premier League Writing Stars poetry competition?“I’m very excited ”(你对成为英超写作之星诗歌比赛的评委感到高兴吗?“我很高兴。)可知，费迪南德很高兴成为英超写作明星比赛的评委。故选D。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据COMPETITION部分“Why not write your own poem on the theme of diversity for the Premier Writing Stars competition?”(为什么不写你自己的诗，关于多样性的主题，为首席写作明星竞赛？)以及比赛邀请的是著名球星费迪南德做评委。可知，这篇海报是为了让更多的孩子们参与这个比赛，提升比赛的受欢迎度。故选A。
(C)
Wild animals are equipped with a variety of techniques to avoid becoming lunch for a bigger animal, also known as a predator (捕食者) in nature. The most well-known methods include the classic fight and flight as well as freeze.
A team of researchers wondered whether closeness to people might impact those survival strategies. “We often see that animals are more tolerant around us in urban areas, but we don’t really know why.” says evolutionary biologist Dan Blumstein. “Is it individual plasticity, meaning individuals change their fear of us and that leads to tolerance? Or can there be an evolutionary factor involved?”
To find out, Blumstein and his colleagues combined information from 173 studies of over 100 species, including mammals, birds, fish and even mollusks. It turns out that regardless of evolutionary ancestry, the animals react in a similar way to life among humans: they lose their anti-predator characteristics. That pattern is especially pronounced for plant-eating animals and for social species. This behavioral change is perhaps unsurprising when it’s intentional, the result of domestication or controlled breeding. But it turns out that urbanization alone results in a similar change, though around three times more slowly.
The main point is: we’re essentially domesticating animals by urbanization. We’re selecting for the same sorts of characteristics that we would if we were actually trying to domesticate them. If the urbanization process helps animals better co-exist with people, it could be to their benefit. But if it makes them more defenseless to their nonhuman predators, it could be a real problem. Either way, these results mean that city living has enough of an influence on wild animals that evolutionary processes kick in. Those reductions in anti-predator characteristics become encoded in their genes. We’re changing the population genetics one way or another.
What the researchers now wonder is whether the mere presence of tourists in less urbanized areas can cause similar changes in wild animals. If so, serious questions exist for the idea of ethical, welfare-oriented eco-tourism. If we wish to help animals keep their anti-predator defenses, the researchers say, we might have to intentionally expose animals to predators. It’s just yet one other way that we’re changing the world around us.
43. The research led by Blumstein is aimed at ________.
A. determining how animals’ survival is impacted by individual plasticity
B. studying how living among humans affects animals’ survival strategies
C. comparing the effectiveness of different survival techniques
D. finding out which evolutionary factor impacts animals’ survival methods
44. Which of the following practices may contribute to animals losing anti-predator characteristics?
A. Controlled breeding of animals. B. Banning the operation of eco-tourism.
C. Planned selection of favorable genes. D. Eliminating domestication.
45. Which of the following statements is Blumstein likely to agree with?
A. Urbanization has made wild animals more alert.
B. Urbanization has brought concrete benefits to animals.
C. City living has led to animals’ genetic variations.
D. City living has helped to preserve animal species.
46. The animal rescue center spotted an injured fox a year ago and has since nursed it back to health. Before releasing it back to the wild, the center should probably ________.
A. expose the fox to the urban environment repeatedly
B. train the fox to co-exist with the less aggressive predators
C. intentionally get the fox accustomed to the presence of humansD. purposefully adapt the fox to predator related environment
【43~46题答案】
【答案】43. D 44. A 45. C 46. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述随着城市化进程的发展，人类和动物之间的关系更加紧密，但是动物的反捕食者特征在这一过程中却退化甚至失去了。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“A team of researchers wondered whether closeness to people might impact those survival strategies”(一组研究人员想知道，与人们的亲密程度是否会影响这些生存策略。)可知，这组研究人员的目的是想弄清楚到底是什么原因影响了动物捕食的生存技能。故选D。.
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“This behavioral change is perhaps unsurprising when it’s intentional, the result of domestication or controlled breeding.”(如果是有意为之，这种行为的改变也许并不奇怪，这是驯化或控制繁殖的结果。)可知，导致动物失去反捕食者特征的原因是驯化或控制繁殖。故选A。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Either way, these results mean that city living has enough of an influence on wild animals that evolutionary processes kick in. Those reductions in anti-predator characteristics become encoded in their genes.”(不管怎样，这些结果意味着城市生活对野生动物有足够的影响，进化过程开始了。这些反捕食者特征的减少，被编码在它们的基因中。)可知，生活在城市里导致动物的基因发生了变化。故选C。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“If we wish to help animals keep their anti-predator defenses, the researchers say, we might have to intentionally expose animals to predators.”(研究人员说，如果我们希望帮助动物，保持它们的反捕食者防御能力，我们可能必须故意让动物暴露在捕食者面前。)可知，如果我们要想让受伤的狐狸被人类照顾的恢复健康后回归野外，我们要有目的地使狐狸适应与捕食者相关的环境。故选D。
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Flight Shaming: # stayontheground
For the environmentally conscious, boarding a flight can be a source of mild stress or guilt, considering the large amounts of carbon footprint that comes with it. ____47____Flight shaming, or flygskam, is a movement that originated in Sweden in 2017. Back then, singer Staffan Lindberg declared his intention to give up flying to and from his concerts in favor of travel by train, bus, car, or boat. ____48____ Before long, a substantial portion of the general public had happily jumped on board. The following year, the hashtag # jagstannarpamarken—which translates as # stayontheground started gaining popularity on the Internet, and by 2019, annual air travel in Sweden had fallen by 5%.
Although “shame” has a relatively negative meaning associated with it, the overall outcome of the flight shaming movement has been undeniably positive. No longer restricted to Sweden alone, the trend has spread throughout Europe. ____49____ Besides, the movement is less about shaming other people out of flying than it is about changing one’s own travel habits for the benefits of the Earth.
An interesting side effect of the flight shaming movement is that those who observe it often rediscover the novelty of slow, purposeful travel. When traveling by land, one can take in the variety of sights, sounds, and smells along the way. ____50____ Without doubt, travelers willing to take on the challenge of flygskam have the opportunity to experience local culture in ways that passengers flying thousands of miles above could only dream of.
A. More and more Europeans are now choosing to travel by land or sea whenever possible.
B. However, airlines in Europe also have warned of the harmful effects of the flight shaming movement.
C. In addition, travelers are more likely to discover interesting new restaurants and hotels, and get a chance to interact with the locals.
D. A new anti-flying movement known as “flight shaming” is giving Earth-loving travelers a way of shaking off their guilt while still experiencing the joys of domestic and international travel.
E. It’s a way of revisiting holiday travel plan, including your accommodations while protecting the environment.
F. Other local celebrities, including environmental icon Greta Thunberg, followed suit.
【47~50题答案】
【答案】47. D 48. F 49. A 50. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了起源于瑞典的“飞行羞耻”运动及这项运动的意义。
【47题详解】
根据上文“For the environmentally conscious, boarding a flight can be a source of mild stress or guilt, considering the large amounts of carbon footprint that comes with it. (对于有环保意识的人来说，考虑到随之而来的大量碳足迹，登机可能会带来轻微的压力或负罪感。)”可知，上文介绍了乘坐飞机会给有环保意识的人带来轻微的压力或负罪感，根据下文“Flight shaming, or flygskam, is a movement that originated in Sweden in 2017. (飞行羞耻运动起源于2017年的瑞典。)”可知，下文介绍了一项名为“飞行羞耻”的运动，D项意为“一个被称为“飞行羞耻”的新反飞行运动正在为热爱地球的旅行者提供一种摆脱罪恶感的方式，同时仍能体验国内外旅行的乐趣。”选项能够承接上文，并引出下文提到的“飞行羞耻”运动，选项中的“Flight shaming”和下文的“Flight shaming”相呼应。故选D。
【48题详解】
根据上文“Back then, singer Staffan Lindberg declared his intention to give up flying to and from his concerts in favor of travel by train, bus, car, or boat. (当时，歌手Staffan Lindberg宣布，他打算放弃往返音乐会的飞行，赞成火车、公共汽车、汽车或轮船旅行。)”可知，上文介绍了明星对“飞行羞耻”运动的支持，F项意为“其他当地名人，包括环保偶像Greta Thunberg，也纷纷效仿。”选项能够承接上文，介绍了其他支持“飞行羞耻”运动的名人。故选F。
【49题详解】
根据上文“No longer restricted to Sweden alone, the trend has spread throughout Europe. (这一趋势已不再局限于瑞典，而是蔓延到整个欧洲。)”可知，“飞行羞耻”运动已经蔓延到整个欧洲，A项意为“现在，越来越多的欧洲人尽可能选择陆路或海上旅行。”选项能够承接上文，介绍了欧洲人对“飞行羞耻”运动的支持。故选A。
【50题详解】
根据上文“When traveling by land, one can take in the variety of sights, sounds, and smells along the way. (当你在陆地上旅行时，你可以沿途欣赏各种各样的风景、声音和气味。)”可知，上文介绍了陆路旅行的好处，C项意为“此外，游客更有可能发现有趣的新餐厅和酒店，并有机会与当地人互动。”选项能够承接上文，进一步介绍了陆路旅行的好处，游客更有可能发现有趣的新餐厅和酒店，并有机会与当地人互动。故选C。
III. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
A New Wave of Migration
As the sea extends steadily inland in countries such as Bangladesh and as decreasing rains put already marginal farmland out of play in Ethiopia and other places, a wave of migration caused by the changing climate is taking shape on the horizon.
But most “climate migrants” will not be heading abroad to start new lives; instead they will settle elsewhere in their home countries. A report released this week declares that if nothing is done to control global warming and factor migration into development planning, by mid-century this internal population shift could involve more than 140 million people in three regions examined: sub-Saharan Africa, south Asia and Latin America. “Climate change is already a driver of internal migration, and it will become more so in the future,” says John Roome, senior director of Climate change at The World Bank Group.
The potential for such an increase in area consisting of 55 percent of the developing world’s population raises questions of environmental justice because those who have contributed the least to global warming are forced to shoulder more of the burden. It is necessary for developed countries like the U.S. to step up, says Maria Cristina Garcia, a professor of American Studies at Cornell University. Developed countries can help by both working to limit greenhouse gas emissions and funding efforts to help developing nations plan for climate migration challenges.
The study of climate migration is still relatively new, and projections of just how many people might be driven from their homes as the world warms are hard to pin down. Some people will need to migrate despite any measures that might be taken —but “this doesn’t have to be a crisis” Roome says. Properly managed migration could even bring more economic opportunities to some poor communities. But planning needs to start now.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【51题答案】
【答案】As the sea extends steadily inland, a wave of migration caused by the changing climate appear. Most “climate migrants” will settle elsewhere in their home countries. It’s unfair for the countries who have contributed the least to global warming to shoulder more of the burden. Though the climate migration is still relatively new, planning needs to start now.
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述随着气候变暖，沿海地区人民要面临向内陆移民问题。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①As the sea extends steadily inland in countries such as Bangladesh and as decreasing rains put already marginal farmland out of play in Ethiopia and other places, a wave of migration caused by the changing climate is taking shape on the horizon.
②But most “climate migrants” will not be heading abroad to start new lives; instead they will settle elsewhere in their home countries.③The potential for such an increase in area consisting of 55 percent of the developing world’s population raises questions of environmental justice because those who have contributed the least to global warming are forced to shoulder more of the burden.
④The study of climate migration is still relatively new, and projections of just how many people might be driven from their homes as the world warms are hard to pin down.
⑤But planning needs to start now.
2.缜密构思
将1、2、3三个要点进行重组，将4、5两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
As the sea extends steadily inland, a wave of migration caused by the changing climate appear.
Most “climate migrants” will settle elsewhere in their home countries.
It’s unfair for the countries who have contributed the least to global warming to shoulder more of the burden.
Though the climate migration is still relatively new, planning needs to start now.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As the sea extends steadily inland in countries such as Bangladesh and as decreasing rains put already marginal farmland out of play in Ethiopia and other places, a wave of migration caused by the changing climate is taking shape on the horizon.（运用一个复杂的主从复合句对移民现象做了一个背景介绍。其中as引导的时间状语从句表达高级）
【高分句型2】The potential for such an increase in area consisting of 55 percent of the developing world’s population raises questions of environmental justice because those who have contributed the least to global warming are forced to shoulder more of the burden.（用because引导的原因状语从句和who引导的定语从句描述了对“气候移民”这一后果的承担不公平，表达高级）
IV. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 在等待测试结果的时候，居民们都如坐针毡。(seem) (汉译英)
【52题答案】
【答案】The residents seem to be on pins and needles when they are waiting for test results.
【解析】
【详解】考查时间状语从句和系动词。分析原句，描述现在的状态，用一般现在时态；“居民们都如坐针毡”是主句，“居民们”作主语，是复数概念，用the residents表示，“如坐针毡”用固定短语be on pins and needles表示，用连系动词seem (to be)连接，意为“好像是；似乎是”，译为the residents seem to be on pins and needles；“在等待测试结果的时候”是时间状语从句，用连词when引导，其主语与主句主语一致，用人称代词they代替，“等待”是谓语动词，用动词短语wait for表示，结合句意，用现在进行时态，“测试结果”是宾语，用test results表示，译为when they are waiting for test results。综上，全句译为：The residents seem to be on pins and needles when they are waiting for test results.
53. 再怎么强调保持社交距离的重要性也不为过。(distance) (汉译英)
【53题答案】
【答案】We cannot emphasize the importance of keeping social distance too much.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。结合原文，“再怎么……也不为过”可用固定句型“cannot+动词+too much”表示，“强调”用动词emphasize，“保持社交距离的重要性”作宾语，用短语the importance of keeping social distance表示，原句缺主语，根据句意可用we作主语。故翻译为：We cannot emphasize the importance of keeping social distance too much.
54. 入侵物种所造成的经济与环境损失真是超乎人们的想象。(imagination) （汉译英）
【54题答案】
【答案】The economic and environmental losses caused by invasive species are quite beyond people’s imagination.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词，动词，形容词，副词，介词，短语和时态。表示“入侵物种”应用名词短语invasive species；表示“造成”应用动词cause；表示“经济与环境损失”应用名词短语economic and environmental losses；表示“超乎人们的想象”应用介词短语beyond people’s imagination；表示“真是”应用副词quite。分析句意可知，“入侵物种所造成的”是“经济与环境损失”的定语，是逻辑上的被动关系，所以可以用cause的过去分词做后置定语。这句话是描述现在的事实，所以谓语用一般现在时。故翻译为The economic and environmental losses caused by invasive species are quite beyond people’s imagination.
55. 看见线上课堂里的老师摇身一变成了社区志愿者，这位女孩情不自禁地向她比心。(transform) （汉译英）
【55题答案】
【答案】Seeing the teacher in the online class transformed into a community volunteer the girl couldn’t help giving her a finger heart.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词，动词，介词，短语和时态。表示“看见”应用动词see；表示“线上课堂”应用名词短语the online class；表示“老师”应用名词teacher；表示“变成了”应用动词短语transform…into；表示“社区志愿者”应用名词短语a community volunteer；表示“这位女孩”应用名词短语the girl；表示“情不自禁地”应用动词短语can’t/couldn’t help doing；表示“向她比心”应用动词短语give her a finger heart。分析句意可知，“看见线上课堂里的老师摇身一变成了社区志愿者”和“情不自禁地向她比心”是2个几乎同时发生的动作，而且是主语“小女孩”主动发出的动作，所以可以用现在分词短语做伴随状语来表示；“老师”和“变成”是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式做宾补。这句话描述的是过去发生的事情，所以谓语要用一般过去时。故翻译为Seeing the teacher in the online class transformed into a community volunteer, the girl couldn’t help giving her a finger heart.
V. Guided Writing
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是明启中学的学生李明，学生会将要举办英语演讲比赛，正在征求学生意见。请你根据下表中的比赛方案，向学生会写封邮件，指明需要改善的地方并提出改进建议与理由。
英语演讲比赛
主题
My Dream
时长
2分钟
提交方式
发送视频到电子邮箱speechcontest@126. com
评奖方式
校园网上师生投票评奖
参赛截止日期
本月底前
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【56题答案】
【答案】Dear Students’ Union,
My name is Li Ming, a student of our Mingqi Middle School. I’m more than happy to give you some advice on the following English speech.First, I think the theme of the speech should be My Dream, which is what we students should think over for our future now. Besides, the content ought to be limited in 2 minutes so that it will not be too long to be uploaded to speechcontest@126. com. And all the teachers and students can vote conveniently on the campus network. What’s the most important is that the deadline should be made before the end of this month, because we will be busy preparing for our final exam next month.
Hope my suggestions can be of great help to you.
Yours,
Li Ming
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。要求考生给学生会写封邮件，指明将要举办的英语演讲比赛需要改善的地方并提出改进建议与理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
非常：more than→very
高兴：happy→glad
建议：advice→suggestion
此外：Besides→what’s more
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：My name is Li Ming, a student of our Mingqi Middle School.
拓展句：My name is Li Ming, who is a student of our Mingqi Middle School.
【点睛】【高分句型1】First, I think the theme of the speech should be My Dream, which is what we students should think over for our future now.（由省略连词that引导的宾语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Besides, the content ought to be limited in 2 minutes so that it will not be too long to be uploaded to speechcontest@126. com.（由so that引导的目的状语从句）
【高分句型3】What’s the most important is that the deadline should be made before the end of this month, because we will be busy preparing for our final exam next month.（由what引导的主语从句，that引导的表语从句和because引导的原因状语从句）