时事热点 专题01 新型冠状病毒 -备战2022年高考英语热点时文阅读理解专项训练（第1期）

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时事热点 冲刺2022年高考英语阅读理解
专题01 新型冠状病毒
Passage 1
（2021·浙江高二期末） India faces various major challenges on the COVID-19 front. There are over 300,000 new cases every day — the largest number of daily cases ever experienced by any country. India’s health system can no longer cope. There are not enough beds, and hospitals are turning away people with the virus. They have also run out of oxygen.
With a huge population of 1,380 million, India is densely populated: 464 people/km2. Social distancing without total shutdowns is unthinkable, especially in the big cities with crowded streets, trains, buses and offices. The latest data from the government survey says that only 36% of Indians wash their hands with soap before a meal. Even worse, 160 million Indians do not have access to clean water to wash their hands. The research suggests that diabetes and other diseases worsen COVID-19 outcomes. The awareness about disease dynamics is very poor, even among the wealthier and more educated population. After the national voluntary “people’s curfew” called by the prime minister on 22 March, which was by and large a success, people came out on the streets and celebrated with no attention to social distancing.
Many countries around the world are sending oxygen to India. Singapore and the UK have sent much-needed oxygen cylinders to India. A Singapore Foreign Affairs spokesperson explained how urgent it was to help India, “We have all witnessed in the past year how this pandemic is a trans-boundary threat. It gives no regard for country, nationality, or race. This is exactly why we must work collectively to support each other.” The WHO said the situation in India was “beyond heartbreaking”. It said, “The WHO is doing everything we can, providing critical equipment and supplies, including thousands of oxygen concentrators, mobile field hospitals and laboratory supplies.” It added, “The growth that we have seen in case numbers is really, truly astonishing.”
1．In what way is the serious situation stated in paragraph 1?
A．By listing facts. B．By using quotes.
C．By making an assumption. D．By making a definition.
2．What does the writer most probably intend to inform readers in paragraph 2?
A．India is a country with a large population.
B．The Indian government is to blame for pandemic.
C．Many Indians suffer from diabetes and other diseases.
D．Various factors contribute to the seriousness of pandemic in India.
3．Which of the opinion does the Singapore Foreign Affairs spokesperson agree with?
A．The spread of pandemic is beyond description.
B．All equipment and supplies have been provided to India.
C．The current situation of pandemic in India is out of control.
D．All countries should make joint efforts to fight against pandemic.

Passage 2
（2021·湖南衡阳市·高三二模） Vaccines(疫苗) against COVID-19 are about 90 percent effective at blocking coronavirus infections, studies suggest.
Nearly 4,000 health care workers, first responders and firefighters in six states took part in the study led by CDC researchers. From December 14 through March 13, the workers submitted weekly nasal swabs(鼻拭子) for coronavirus testing. Infection rates fell after vaccination. “Our study shows that if you were fully vaccinated, you had 90 percent protection from infection”, says Jeff Burgess.
Other studies carried out in California and Texas also seem to back up the findings, researchers say in separate reports published March 23 in the New England Journal of Medicine. In the Texas report, 234 of 8,969 non-vaccinated employees at the University of Texas Southwester Medical Center in Dallas tested positive for the coronavirus from December 15 to January 28. That’s 2.61 percent, compared with 1. 82 percent (112 of 6, 144) of employees that had gotten one shot and 0. 05 percent (four of 8, 121) of fully vaccinated employees.
In the California report, infections among health care workers also fell with increasing vaccination levels. Only seven infections occurred among 4, 167 people who were at least 15 days out from getting their second dose of vaccine. The vaccines prevented health care workers in the study from becoming serious ill, says study coauthor Francesca Torriani, a professor at the University of California, San Diego.
But to really stop transmission of the virus, it’s important to vaccinate 18- to 30-year-olds, she says, “Those are the ones who are right now transmitting the disease.” Motivating these health people who are less likely to become severely ill in the first place to take the shots could be difficult, Torriani says, “There’s not much in it for them, but there is a lot in it for their families, so I’m hoping that realization will push them toward getting vaccinated.”
Because some vaccinated people can still get infected, the CDC recommends that people who have gotten their shots continue to wear masks in public to avoid spreading the virus.
4．Which of the following is true of the study led by CDC researchers?
A．All participants in the study were medical workers.
B．The study was carried out in California and Texas.
C．Nasal swabs were submitted for testing every day.
D．A small number of vaccinated people got infected.
5．How does the writer support the findings in the third paragraph?
A．By asking questions. B．By quoting the saying.
C．By listing the statistics. D．By describing a process.
6．What does the California report suggest?
A．People are advised to take two doses of vaccines.
B．One dose of the vaccines can ensure your safety.
C．The vaccines have some slightest side effects.
D．Old people should be cautious to get vaccinated.
7．According to Torriani, who are the vital people to block coronavirus transmission?
A．Healthy people. B．Young people C．Elderly people. D．Weak people.

Passage 3
（2021·四川省成都市新都一中高一期末） When the COVID-19 hit and supermarket shelves were empty, Chris Hall and Stefanny Lowey decided they no longer wanted to rely on others for food. The couple, who live on Pender Island in British Columbia, Canada, decided to start a year-long challenge where they wouldn't buy a single thing to eat. Instead they would grow, raise or catch everything—right down to sugar, salt and flour. Now, five months in, they say the challenge has changed their lives.
Chris, 38, said, “It has always been something that we have wanted to do. We have had a garden and grown vegetables for a long time already. When the COVID-19 hit, it gave us that extra push that we needed to do it. We were both out of work when we started, and with the reality check of grocery stores running out of items, it gave us even more motivation to see if we could look after ourselves.”
The pair spent the months before building a house for chickens, ducks and turkey as well as studying as much as possible to figure out where they would get all the things they needed. Chris adds, “We had to learn so many new things like how to grow mushrooms, process our Stevia plants, and harvest salt from the ocean. We spent a lot of time reading and studying online to figure out all the things we were going to need to do.”
Now after five months, they both feel its been going well but Chris admits the first few weeks were difficult. “The first three weeks were very challenging as our bodies adjusted to cutting out coffee, wine and sugar all on the same day,” he says. “After three weeks our energy levels balanced out and our wishes reduced and now we feel great.” Now February has ended. As they come through winter, they feel positive about continuing with this way of living, with their challenge officially ending in August.
8．Why did the pair decide to produce foods on their own?
A．They were isolated by Pender Island.
B．They couldn't afford to buy them because they were out of work.
C．They believed it's good for their health.
D．They could hardly buy them in shops.
9．Which words can be used to describe the couple?
A．Rich and generous. B．Helpful and positive.
C．Optimistic and self-dependent. D．Motivated and brave.
10．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Their challenge may last about eleven months in total.
B．They were discouraged by the difficulty at first.
C．They had difficulty because they wanted more.
D．They couldn't adjust their bodies to the hard work after three weeks.
11．In which column may you read such a passage?
A．Sports. B．Agriculture.
C．Lifestyle. D．Business.

Passage 4
（2021·浙江台州市·高二期末） Kristin went to a dance party on Saturday in her sleepwear. The clothes didn't matter, because she never left her living room. The party took place entirely on a social app—Instagram.
A few minutes before, she'd been sitting on her couch reading the news, feeling like she was about to cry. Then she got a message pushed to her phone: Ryan Heffington, the two-time Grammy proposed choreographer（编舞者）, was streaming a dance class on Instagram Live. “The numbness I was feeling just went away,” she says. “I'm just gonna do it.” As Kristin danced, she saw comments and hearts pop up on the live stream. Almost 2,700 people were dancing virtually alongside her. “Wow, people are really connecting,” she says. Now, moving alone in her apartment with only her phone to keep her company, she felt almost optimistic.
Heffington is part of a wave of dance teachers moving their classes online as the COVID-19 continues to spread. There is a rise in social media offerings as people look to their phones to give them a sense of community and help them stay active during the crisis. Heffingon, however, is well suited to lead the digital dance era. His philosophy is that anyone can dance- and anywhere, apparently. To Heffington, this s is proof that the crisis is an opportunity for people to come together. “This is what social media was designed for.” he says, “It's separated us in some aspects, but at this point in time, it's kind of all we have, and it's so beautiful.”
From her living room, Kristin agrees. She's figured out how to project her phone onto her TV, and pushed back her couch to have more space to dance. “Ryan's next classes are Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday this week, and I'm going to all of them,” she says. “Why not? I'm going to dance my way through this crisis.”
12．Why did Kristin go to a dance party in her sleepwear?
A．She was invited to a fancy dress party.
B．She was not particular about her dressing.
C．She was going to a virtual dance party online.
D．She was numb with grief at the news of COVID-19.
13．To Heffington, what's the benefit of social media during the crisis?
A．Gaining possibilities to keep social distance.
B．Helping people feel connected and stay active.
C．Winning instant fame in the field of digital dance.
D．Spreading the knowledge of COVID-19 to more dancers.
14．Which word best describes Kristin's attitude towards online dance classes?
A．Skeptical. B．Active. C．Reserved. D．Tolerant.

Passage 5
（2021·浙江高二期末） A 25-year-old American with a university degree can expect to live a decade longer than a peer who dropped out of high school. Although researchers have long known that the rich live longer than the poor, this education gap is less well documented. And although the average American’s expected span(预期寿命) has been smooth in recent year—and, shockingly, even fell between 2015 and 2017—that of the one-third with a bachelor’s degree has continued to lengthen.
This gap in life expectancy is growing, according to new research published in the report of the National Academy of Sciences. Anne Case and Angus Deation of Princeton University found that the lifespans of those with and without a bachelor’s degree started to become different in the 1990s and 2000s. This gap grew even wider in the 2010s.
What is the link between schooling and longevity(长寿)? Some argue that better-educated people develop healthier lifestyles: each additional year of study reduces the chances of being a smoker and of being overweight. The better-educated earn more, which in turn is associated with greater health.
Ms Case and Mr Deaton argue that changes in labor markets, including the rise of automation and increased demand for highly-educated workers, coupled with the rising costs of employer-provided health care, have decreased the supply of well-paid jobs for those without a degree. This may be contributing to higher rates of alcohol and drug use, suicide and other “deaths of despair”.
The authors argued that the educational gap in mortality(致死率) will widen in the wake of the covid-19 pandemic. For America’s overall life expectancy to start climbing again, improvements will be needed across all social groups, not just among the privileged few.
15．When did the lifespans of people with and without a degree vary greatly?
A．In the 1990s. B．In the 2020s
C．In the 2000s D．In the 2010s
16．According to the article, changes in labor markets reduce jobs for those without a degree. Which change is NOT included?
A．The rising spending of employer-provided health care.
B．The gap in life expectancy.
C．Raised request for better-educated workers.
D．The development of automation.
17．What does the underlined phrase “in the wake of” probably mean ?
A．after B．until C．before D．while
18．What is the best title for the text?
A．Changes in labor market.
B．Quit bad habits by Further study
C．Educated Americans live longer.
D．Highly-educated people develop healthier lifestyles.

Passage 6
（2021·广东揭阳市·高一期末）Guangzhou outbreak linked to strains in India
The gene sequencing of the COVID-19 outbreak in Guangzhou. Guangdong province, indicates it is very similar in structure to the mutated strains detected in India, a senior health official from the city said on Sunday.
“And it has the characteristic of quick spread.” Chen Bin, deputy director of the city's health commission, said at a news conference in Guangzhou on Sunday.
She urged relevant departments and medical staff to act quickly to block the chain of infection and control the spread of the coronavirus in the southern metropolis.
Zhang Zhoubin, deputy director of the Guangzhou center for disease control and prevention, said the strain of coronavirus spreads easily.
“The virus can be spread through a meal or through a short period of indirect contact,” he said.
The city reported five confirmed eases and 21 asymptomatic carriers as of 2 pm Sunday after the first con finned case was detected in the city's Liwan district on May 21, Chen said.
To prevent the virus from spreading, the city government tightened its disease control and prevention measures over the weekend. Six communities and housing estates previously designated as low-risk areas were raised to medium-risk ones, Chen said.
In addition to asking local residents to get vaccinated, the city has organized nucleic acid testing in Haizhu and Yuexiu districts starting from Sunday. Residents in specific areas of Tianhe, Baiyun and Panyu districts have also been required to take nucleic acid tests to expand the screening of suspected patients and asymptomatic carriers.
Liwan previously required all its residents to take nucleic acid tests.
As of Saturday, more than 2-25 million residents of the city have had samples collected for nucleic acid tests, Chen said. More than 10,000 medical workers from the entire city have been sent to Liwan to help vaccinate locals against COVID-19 and collect samples for nucleic acid testing.
Deng Wenjun, director of circulation section with Guangzhou Supply and Marketing Cooperative, said there are sufficient supplies of food and daily necessities in the medium-risk areas.
19．What is the characteristic of the COVID-19 which broke out in Guangzhou?
A．It disappears quickly. B．It spreads fast.
C．It has a lot to do with temperature. D．It has the same nature as the seasonal flu.
20．Which district have residents who have not been required to take nucleic acid tests?
A．Tianhe. B．Haizhu. C．Panyu. D．Zengcheng.
21．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．The virus can hardly be spread through a short period of indirect contact.
B．There are 21 symptomatic carriers in the Liwan district as of 2 pm Sunday.
C．All the people living in Liwan district arc previously asked to take nucleic acid tests.
D．Supplies of food and daily necessities in the medium-risk areas arc still not enough.
22．Where can you probably find this article?
A．On a news website. B．In a fashion magazine.
C．In a history book. D．In a travel journal.

Passage 7
（2021·广东广州市·高一期末） Staying-at-home proves to be effective in slowing the spread of the virus, but loneliness can be tough for many. Luckily, in the age of social media, we are never truly alone. And with the extra time spent indoors, artists are stepping up to help us all with the following clubs.
Drawing from Distance by Sarah Beth Morgan
Let’s shine some light during this trying time and encourage social distancing! I’m starting this tomorrow myself — but from what I offer, take whatever you please. No rules! Just have fun!
Stayathome Art Club by Carson Ellis
Hello! I’ll be posting art homework here every weekday morning when I can. They’ll be designed for kids and grownups alike. Here is your first homework: Draw a picture of yourself from the shoulders up. You can follow some useful examples. If you want to share or see other people’s self-picture, use these hashtags: #Stayathomeartclub# QACselfportrait
30-Day indoor Art by Danielle Krysa
One month of avoiding crowds? I’m in! I challenge you to use this time inside to make one piece every day from now until mid April. Please join me in playing around with some painting ideas that have been rolling around in my head but haven’t found their way onto paper yet. Stay at home, make art, save someone’s life.
DIY from Illustoria Magazine
We have been so inspired to see our community come together to provide easy art projects for families during this stay-at-home-time! DIY is actually a fantastic way to spark your imagination without breaking a sweat. A video every day will teach you how to DIY something.
23．What do we know about Sarah Beth Morgan?
A．She is a strict artist.
B．She aims at training more artists.
C．She prefers to work at home office.
D．She will provide a wide range of choices.
24．What are you expected to do if you join Stayathome Art Club?
A．Hand in homework every day. B．Share other people’s pictures.
C．Draw a picture of yourself. D．Show up in person occasionally.
25．What does “spark” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A．Set off. B．Set down.
C．Set aside. D．Set about.

Passage 8
（2021·浙江湖州市·高一期末） In the age of social distancing, using robots for some health care interactions is a promising way to reduce in-person contact between health care workers and sick patients. However, a key question is how patients will react to a robot entering the room. Researchers from MIT and Brigham and Women’s Hospital recently set out to answer that question.
In a study, the team found that a large majority of patients reported that interacting with a health care provider through a video screen fixed on a robot was similar to an in-person interaction with a health care worker.
“We’re working on robots that can help provide care to ensure the safety of the patient and the health care workforce. The results of this study give us some confidence that people are ready and willing to join us. In a larger online survey carried out nationwide, we also found that a majority of respondents were open to having robots perform small tasks such as taking a nose swab (拭子).” says Giovanni Traverso, an MIT assistant professor and the senior author of the study.
After the COVID-19 pandemic began early last year, Traverso and his colleagues turned their attention toward new strategies to reduce interactions between potentially sick patients and health care workers. To that end, they created a mobile robot that could interact with patients as they waited in the emergency department. The robots were equipped with sensors that allow them to measure vital signs, including skin temperature, breathing rate, and pulse(脉搏) rate. The robots also carried an iPad for remote video communication with a health care provider.
The study suggests that it could be worthwhile to develop robots that can perform tasks that currently require a lot of human effort, such as turning a patient over in bed. These days, turning COVID-19 patients onto their stomachs requires several people. Doing Covid-19 tests is another task that takes a lot of time and effort from health care workers, who could be arranged for other tasks if robots could help.
26．Why did the researchers from MIT and BWH carry out the studies?
A．To shorten the social distance between doctors and patients.
B．To figure out the response of patients to robotic doctors.
C．To reduce the risk of being infected with coronavirus.
D．To ensure the safety of patients during the pandemic.
27．What could be learned from the study?
A．Robots are not welcomed by patients.
B．Robots will soon replace doctors.
C．Robots may help to deal with Covid-19 patients.
D．Robots can operate on different patients.
28．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．StrengthsAnd Weaknesses In Robot Care
B．The Robotic Doctor Will See You Now
C．The Robots Speed Up COVID-19 Testing
D．The Development Of Robots In Hospitals

Passage 9
（2021·四川达州市·高一期末） Masks that helped save lives during the Covid-19 pandemic （疫情）are proving a deadly risk for wildlife, with birds and sea creatures trapped in many facial coverings in animal habitats.
Single-use masks have been found on the ground, waterways and beaches worldwide since countries required （heir use in public places to slow the pandemic's spread. Worn once, the thin protective materials can take hundreds of years to break down. "Face masks aren't going away any time soon-but when we throw them away, these items can harm the environment and the animals who share our planet," Ashley from anima! rights group PETA said.
Monkeys have been found playing with used masks in the hills outside Malaysia's capital Kuala Lumpur. And in an incident in Britain, a seagull was saved in Chelmsford after its legs got caught in an abandoned mask for a week.
However, the biggest influence is in the water. More than 1.5 billion masks made their way into the world's oceans last year, accounting for around 6200 extra tons of ocean plastic pollution, according to environmental group OceansAsia. “Masks and gloves are particularly problematic for sea creatures," says George Leonard, chief scientist from NGO. "When those plastics break down in the environment, they form smaller and smaller particles （颗粒）.Those particles then enter the food chain and influence the entire ecosystem,“ he added.
Campaigners have urged people to deal with masks properly after using them. OceansAsia has also called on governments to increase punishment for littering and encourage the use of washable masks.
29．What bring（s） a great danger to wildlife now?
A．Waste masks. B．Covid-19.
C．Polluted water. D．Damaged habitats.
30．What does the underlined word “problematic” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Important. B．Attractive.
C．Common. D．Troubling.
31．What can we infer from the text?
A．Monkeys learned to wear masks from humans.
B．Plastics are less harmful after becoming particles.
C．Used masks have a worse effect on sea creatures.
D．Waste masks arc the main ocean plastic pollution.
32．How should we solve the problem from the last paragraph?
A．Keep masks after they' re used.
B．Call on governments to stop littering.
C．Punish those who wear single-use masks.
D．Put used masks in the recycling box.

Passage 10
（2021·福建龙岩市·高一期末） Tech giants Apple and Google are teaming up to create a system that would let smartphone users know when they’ve come into contact with someone who has COVID-19.
The technology would rely on the Bluetooth signals that smartphones can both send out and receive. If a person tests positive for COVID-19, they could inform public health authorities through an app. Those public health apps would then warn anyone whose smartphones had come near the infected person’s phone within 14 days.
The technology could be used on both Google Android phones and Apple iPhones. The companies insist that they will preserve smartphone users’ privacy. Smartphone users must choose to use it independently. The software will not collect data on users’ physical locations or their personally identifiable information. People who test positive would remain anonymous(匿名的), both to the people who came in contact with them and to Apple and Google.
The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) has warned that using cellphone data to address the pandemic(流行病) may carry risks of “invasions of privacy, abuse of information, and stigmatization(污名化)”.
An adviser from ACLU, Jennifer Granick said that the joint Apple and Google project “appears to mitigate the worst privacy and concentration risks, but there is still room for improvement.” She added that contact tracking apps should be “voluntary and used only for public health purposes and only for the period of this pandemic.”
Google and Apple say their technology will be used only by public health authorities to track the spread of COVID-19.
A team at MIT also has been working on a contact-tracking system that similarly uses Bluetooth signals to identify when people have come near each other.
Apple and Google are carrying out their contact-tracking technology in two steps. In mid-May, they will release(发布) software that will let public health authorities build apps that exchange information via Bluetooth. In the coming months, they will update their operating systems so phones can share information without having to install an app.
33．What can we learn from the text?
A．The system knows when a person has COvID-19.
B．The technology can be used in any type of phone.
C．The companies promise to ensure the users’ privacy.
D．Using smartphone data will definitely bring risks to users.
34．What does the underlined word “mitigate” in Paragraph5 refer to?
A．Solve. B．Reduce. C．Increase. D．Take.
35．Which word best describes the author’s attitude to contact tracking app?
A．Doubtful. B．Unconcerned C．Caring D．Objective.
36．What’s the author’s purpose of writing this text?
A．To inform the readers of a new technology.
B．To recommend the readers to use a new app
C．To warn the users of the risks of the software.
D．To praise Tech giants for their contribution.

Passage 11
（2021·湖南岳阳市·高二期末） As stay-at-home orders relieve and cities reopen for business, many doctors and hospital administrators are calling for a quick return of health care to pre-pandemic levels. For months now, routine care has been postponed. Elective procedures—big moneymakers—were stopped so that hospitals could transfer resources to treating Covid-19 patients. Routine clinic visits were canceled or replaced by online sessions. This has resulted in great financial losses for hospitals and clinics. Hospitals have been forced to reduce employees or cut pay.
Most patients, on the other hand, at least those with stable chronic(慢性的) conditions, seem to have done OK. In a recent survey, only one in ten respondents said their health or a family member’s health had worsened as a result of delayed care. Eighty-six percent said their health had stayed about the same.
Admittedly, postponing health care had terrible health consequences for some patients with non-Covid-19 illnesses. Still, a majority of patients seem to have done better than what most doctors expected. It will probably take years to understand why. However, perhaps Americans don’t require the volume(体积) of care that their doctors are used to providing.
It is well recognized that a substantial amount of health care in America is wasteful, accounting for hundreds of billions of dollars of the total health care budget. Wasteful care is driven by many forces: “defensive” medicine by doctors trying to avoid lawsuits; the high prices that American doctors and hospitals charge; a lack of consensus about which treatments are effective; and the widespread belief that newer, more expensive technology is always better.
In a survey a few years ago, two-thirds of doctors in the United States admitted that between 15 percent and 30 percent of health care is probably unnecessary. Studies suggest that up to 20 percent of surgeries in some specialties are unnecessary. If your surgery was postponed because of the pandemic, it is worth having a conversation with your doctor about whether it is still needed.
Many institutions are using this difficult time in our nation’s history to make changes. The health care system should do the same.
37．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Hospitals and clinics in America are suffering a great loss.
B．Doctors and hospitals in America are calling for the return of health care.
C．A large amount of health care in America is unnecessary.
D．Most patients’ health in America had become worse because of stay-at-home orders.
38．It can be inferred from the passage that _________.
A．hospitals and clinics in America used to make a lot of money.
B．most patients seem to have been in stable conditions without any treatment.
C．most doctors are providing too little health care on purpose,
D．most people do not need a surgery if it is postponed because of the pandemic.
39．What is “defensive” medicine in paragraph 4 mean?
A．The medicine to defend the disease.
B．The medicine to protect the patients.
C．The medicine to help the doctors avoid troubles.
D．The medicine to help the doctors treat patients better.
40．The author mentions “Many institutions are using this difficult time in our nation’s history to make changes” in the last paragraph to indicate that _________.
A．it is difficult to make a change in. history.
B．many institutions have made changes in history.
C．the health care system may go through a hard time.
D．the health care system needs to make some changes.

Passage 12
（2021·浙江舟山市·高二期末） In order to develop the pandemic-stricken economy, China recovered the street vendors （商 贩）in a new nation-wide method known as “street stall economy'', allowing residents to set up open-air shops on the sidewalks or other available public spaces.
Street vendors were once an important part of China's economy and urban landscape. However, since China's economy took off in the last decade, street vendors have gradually disappeared from the streets and many of them opened shops of their own.
Fast forward to today, street vendors have come into our sight again after cities such as Chengdu and Yantai succeeded in creating hundreds of thousands of jobs by giving street stalls permission to operate. China's tech industry was quick to jump on the street vendor trend, with tech giants including Alibaba, Tencent, Meituan and JD．com flocking to dish out cheap loans, offer support and payment solutions to millions of owners of newly established small businesses.
Ant Financial, Alibaba's fintech arm, promised its mobile wallet app Alipay will give interest-free loans to 30 million vendors, and 70 billion RMB of interest-free credit line to consumers to make purchases everywhere, including street vendors.
JD．com provided 50 billion RMB worth of quality goods for street vendors, and provided each one of them with a maximum 100,000 RMB interest-free loan to stock up.
Tencent's WeChat announced to offer payment solutions, marketing supports and even training for up to 50 million street vendors, with the end goal of digitally transforming them to increase their income.
Guangzhou city partnered with WeChat this month to hold a live streaming shopping festival to improve sales of local produce. In attempts to promote various live streaming platforms, many tech CEOs also made their own live streamed e-commerce debuts （首次亮相）selling goods coming from all over the country.
41．What does the underlined part “dish out" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．turn down. B．provide with. C．pay off. D．apply for.
42．Compared with JD．com and Tencent, what unique measure did Ant Financial take?
A．It provides interest-free loans for vendors.
B．It offers interest-free credit line to customers.
C．It provides quality goods for street vendors.
D．It offers marketing support to businessmen.
43．What's the purpose of the cooperation between WeChat and Guangzhou city?
A．To volunteer to train street vendors.
B．To give away free goods to the poor.
C．To promote to develop the local economy.
D．To help CEOs make their own streaming platforms.
44．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Chengdu and Yantai Succeeded in Creating Job Opportunities
B．"Street Vendor Economy” Greatly Increases People's Income
C．The Whole Nation Are Involved in a New Economy Model
D．China's Major Tech Companies Are Helping With "Street Vendor Economy”

Passage 13
（2021·江西吉安市·高二期末） After the Covid-19 began early in 2020, Traverse and his colleagues turned their attention toward new ways to make small interactions(互动) between potentially sick patients and health care workers. To that end, they worked with Boston Dynamics to create a mobile robot that could interact with patients as they waited in the emergency department. The robots were equipped with sensors(传感器) that allowed them to measure signs of life. The robots also carried an iPad that allowed for remote video communication with a health care provider.
This kind of robot could reduce health care workers’ risk of exposure to Covid-19 and help to conserve the personal protective equipment that was needed for each interaction. However, the question still remained whether patients would accept this type of interaction.
In Traverso’s study they were trying to tide that up and understand if the population accepted a solution like this one. The researchers first conducted a nationwide survey of about 1,000 people. They asked questions regarding the acceptability of robots in health care, including whether people would be comfortable with robots performing not only classification but also other tasks such as planting a tube, or turning a patient over in bed. On average, the subjects stated that they were open to these types of interactions.
The researchers then tested one of their robots in the emergency department at Brigham and Women’s Hospital last spring, when Covid-19 cases were flooding in Massachusetts Fifty-one patients were approached in the waiting room and asked if they would be willing to participate in the study, and 41 agreed. These patients were interviewed about their symptoms via video connection, using an iPad carried by a dog-like robot developed by Boston Dynamics. More than 90 percent of the participants reported that they were satisfied with the robotic system.
“For the purposes of gal Bering quick classification information, the patients found the experience to be similar to what they would have experienced talking to a person,” Traverso says.
45．What can the robots Traverse and his colleagues created do？
A．Check the breathing rate.
B．Carry an iPad for the patients.
C．Guard the emergency department.
D．Find new ways to talk with patients.
46．Why does the author write the second paragraph?
A．To summarize the previous paragraph.
B．To add some background information.
C．To provide some advice for the readers
D．To introduce a new topic for discussion.
47．How does the author support the topic of the text?
A．By listing categories. B．By stating opinions.
C．By making comparisons. D．By analyzing research data.
48．What can be a suitable tittle for the text?
A．The Covid-19 Patients Favor Robots
B．Health Care Workers Are Unavailable
C．The Robotic Doctor Can See You Now
D．Robot Development Needs Human Support

Passage 14
（2021·江苏扬州市·高一期末） I got my COVID-19 vaccination (接种疫苗) last Thursday at Strong Memorial Hospital. The University emailed six messages to me, telling me that I was able to schedule a vaccine appointment. To get rid of my needle fear, I turned to Johnson & Johnson’s to avoid a second appointment and a second injection(注射).
Getting the vaccine was probably the easiest medical appointment I’ve ever had. Once I was inside, it took me about five minutes to show someone my ID and wait in line. I was in and out of my appointment in less than 30 minutes.
That night, however, the vaccine absolutely kicked my ass. I’ve heard a variety of stories from different people about the strong reactions, but I was having a bad time. For the next 24 hours, I was achy, had a slight fever, and suffered a pounding headache.
I felt terrible. But I’d do it again in a heartbeat.
Here are some reasons, both selfish and selfless, why you should get vaccinated as soon as possible.
Like everyone else, you probably preferred normal college life over what it’s been like for the past year. You probably enjoyed hanging out with friends, without having to worry about masks.
Getting vaccinated saves lives. Even the WHO does not know what percentage of the population needs to be vaccinated in order to achieve herd immunity (群体免疫) against COVID-19. But in the case of other common viruses, we typically need around 93% to 95% of the population to be vaccinated, meaning that people who are able to get the vaccine have a duty to do so.
I have every reason to believe that I don’t need the vaccine. I’m a healthy young adult and I don’t have a job that puts me at a high risk, nor do I have any duties that require my in-person presence. Despite all that, I still got the vaccine.
There is no excuse. Get vaccinated.
49．Why did the author choose Johnson & Johnson’s?
A．Because the author was informed by the university.
B．Because the author was able to get the vaccine.
C．Because the author was so afraid of needles.
D．Because the author wanted to challenge himself.
50．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．The author’s ass ached because of the vaccine.
B．The author was dying from a serious reaction.
C．The author was safe and sound like many people.
D．The author suffered a lot from the vaccination.
51．What can we learn from the passage?
A．It took the author quite a long time to get the vaccine.
B．It is unnecessary for healthy adults to get vaccinated.
C．Getting vaccination is an effective way to beat COVID-19.
D．The author’s job increases the possibility of catching the virus.
52．What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage?
A．To point out the terrible situation of COVID-19 at present.
B．To call on people to get vaccinated without any excuse.
C．To express the author’s appreciation for getting vaccinated.
D．To share an unforgettable experience of getting vaccinated.

Passage 15
（2021·韩城市象山中学高二期末） 15-year-old Max produced the Vybpro, a wearable wristband (腕带) which warns users whenever they are about to touch their faces. The gesture has been recognized as one of the key ways that COVID-19 can be spread, making it a potentially life-saving invention.
He first hit on the excellent idea two years ago for the purpose of reducing the spread of the cold and flue. After both of Max’s parents were infected with COVID-19 four months ago, however, he put in all his effort to develop a working prototype (模型).
Worn on both wrists, the intelligent device is expected to sell for £ 89. It uses position-sending technology algorithms (算法) to tell between predicted face touching and other hand motions. Then the device warns users of hand gestures that are dangerously near the face.
“We came up with the concept a few years ago when my family was repeatedly catching cold and flue viruses from traveling in and out of London and I could see how easy it was to pick up germs especially from using public transport,” said Max. “It was only when the World Health Organization (WHO) began suggesting people avoid touching their eyes, noses and faces to stop the spread of viruses from contaminated surfaces did I realize that it could play a part in slowing the spread of COVID-19.”
Max, who is from Bristol, launched a £ 60,000 crowdfunding campaign (众筹活动) on Kickstarter earlier this week to further his project and turn the prototype into a public reality. “The main task of this project is not to make money, but to get it onto the wrists of those it can help keep safe. Any profits made from early sales through the crowdfunding site will be reinvested into providing free devices for organizations that help people such as National Health Service (NHS) staff and nursing homes.
53．Why did Max develop the Vyhpro?
A．To prevent the spread of the cold and flu. B．To protect people against COVID-19.
C．To test position-sending technology. D．To monitor people’s health.
54．What does the underlined word “contaminated” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Polluted. B．Clean.
C．Smooth. D．Rough.
55．What did Max start the crowdfunding campaign for?
A．Raising money for nursing homes. B．Providing free devices for NHS.
C．Helping to advance his project. D．Making a better type of Vyhpro.
56．What can we learn from Max’s story?
A．Hard work pays off.
B．Technology changes our lives.
C．Ups and downs make one strong.
D．Little people can make a big difference.

Passage 16
（2021·汕头市澄海中学高一期中） Beijing will provide COVID-19 vaccinations (接种疫苗) for certain groups in nursing homes, including the elderly and caregivers, on a voluntary basis to prevent a renewed outbreak at nursing homes during autumn and winter, the local government said.
Those who will receive the vaccines include nursing home kitchen workers, security guards and cleaners. Beijing Daily reported on Friday.
Xing Yinli ,director of Jingkangyuan, a nursing home in Fengtai district with about 290 elderly residents，said they have received the document recently and will strictly follow its guidance.
It’s our top duty to strengthen prevention and control," Xing said, adding they have been using methods such as keeping detailed records of resident contacts outside the nursing home, and encouraging online visits for family members.
As to vaccinations, she said they will ask for permission from residents, their family members and workers before giving vaccines.
In late October, Shaoxing, Zhejiang province carried out an emergency COVTD-19 vaccine program, allowing the public to ask for injections in advance, with key groups first. A similar program was also organized in Jiaxing, Ningbo and Yiwu in Zhejiang.
Nationwide, emergency use of home grown COVID-19 vaccines was approved in June and launched in late July. China now has four coronavirus candidate vaccines in the third stage clinical trials (临床试验).
The document from Beijing also said nursing homes should conduct nucleic acid testing (核酸检测) every month among kitchen workers and residents who leave the nursing homes to see a doctor. Tests will cover all people in nursing homes considered at high risk if new infections are reported in the city. Besides, routine disinfections (消毒) should be strengthened in kitchens, storerooms and restrooms, it said. The document also recommended noncontact visits from family members.
57．Where can you probably find this article?
A．In a newspaper.
B．In a fashion magazine.
C．In a book review.
D．In a travel journal.
58．What can we learn from Paragraphs 4 and 5?
A．The nursing home kept detailed records of residents,
B．All the members will make preparations for injections.
C．The nursing home takes prevention and control seriously.
D．Jiaxing is the first city to have carried out an emergency program.
59．What's the main idea of this passage?
A．Nursing homes should conduct nucleic acid testing.
B．Beijing nursing homes are to be provided vaccines.
C．Certain groups will have vaccines first in late June.
D．Routine disinfections should be strengthened in kitchens.
60．What is the most likely to be mentioned in the following paragraph?
A．How the nursing homes conduct nucleic acid testing.
B．The related news about the elderly and caregivers’ being provided vaccines.
C．Certain groups will have vaccines first in late June.
D．The government’s duty to strengthen prevention and control.

Passage 17
（2021·山东高三月考） George Ahearn, who grew up in the farming town of Othello, Washington, co-founded EastWest Food Rescue after learning that COVID-19 was costing local farmers so much business that they were willing to destroy their crops.
His nonprofit has since moved three million pounds of produce from farms in eastern Washington to the western part of the state for distribution to hundreds of food banks and meal programs. “I know these people that I grew up with on one hand, and on the other hand I know there is a need here; I’m just going to connect the two dots,” said Ahearn, 45, who now lives in Bothell, Washington.
He started by calling local food banks who said they would be glad to take some of the produce that would otherwise go to waste. But when he called the farmers, they wanted to give him truck loads of potatoes and onions—more than Ahearn’s car could handle. He also had another problem; food banks needed the potatoes and onions to be cleaned and bagged before donation (捐赠). “What I didn’t realize was the logistical nightmare because I thought I could just show up with potatoes harvested straight from the ground and give them right to the food bank... I couldn’t believe it.”
So, Ahearn put out a call for help on Facebook. That’s how he connected with his two co-founders, Nancy Balin and Zsofia Pasztor. While Balin helped organize the convoy (运输) to drive across Washington to pick up the produce, Pasztor assembled volunteers to clean and bag the food, which was then distributed through connections at her another nonprofit Farmer Frog.
Since May, EastWest Food Rescue has grown the size of its operations and convoys. They have reached three million pounds of donated food.
Aheam has a message for anyone who wants to make their community (社区) a better place, “I have seen minutes of effort move thousands, and thousands of pounds (of food). Just figure out what you are passionate about and what you could get involved in.”
61．How did Ahearn help his local community?
A．By doing volunteer work. B．By making food donations.
C．By purchasing their produce. D．By moving produce to food banks.
62．What troubled Ahearn when carrying out his plan?
A．He knew little about packaging. B．The produce was too much to take away.
C．The food banks were too far away. D．Much of the produce had gone bad.
63．What does Ahearn’s message in the last paragraph indicate?
A．Many hands make light work.
B．Actions speak louder than words.
C．The longest journey begins with the first step.
D．Never was a good work done without great effort.
64．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Food banks benefit from fresh produce
B．Social media marketing for nonprofits
C．Farmers’ businesses affected by Covid-19
D．Connecting the dots between farm and hunger

Passage 18
（2021·全国）Where did novel corona-virus come from?
As COVID-19 is spreading throughout the world, an important question has yet to be answered: where did the virus come from?
The latest study indicated that pangolins (穿山甲) may be an intermediate host of the virus, according to Xinhua. However, bats are suspected to be the original cause.
We don’t know the source yet, but there’s pretty strong evidence that this is a bat origin corona-virus,” said Peter Dazsak, president of EcoHealth Alliance, an environmental nonprofit, according to The New York Times. “When you look at the genetic sequence (基因序列) of the virus, and you match it up with every known corona-virus, the closest relatives are from bats,” Dazsak also told CNN.
So why are bats the source of so many deadly kinds of viruses but they don’t suffer from any symptoms? As the only flying mammal (哺乳动物) with long lifespan, bats’ body temperature is high, similar to a fever. It’s this fact that may contribute to bats’ unique immune system (免疫系统) in protecting them from the ill effects of viruses.
But are bats truly to blame for the virus or should we be blaming ourselves? Whether we destroy the forests where bats live or they end up on our plate, it’s the fault of humans for decreasing the distance between us and virus-carrying bats. Bats are an important animal in our ecosystem when it comes to pollinating (授粉) many fruits such as mangoes and bananas. We need to allow them to continue pollination and keep them away from our markets and mouths.
65．Which of the following statements is true about the origin of COVID-19?
A．Genetically, the virus was found to be similar to those tested in bats.
B．Scientifically, it is confirmed that bats are the very original cause.
C．Pangolins are agreed to be the intermediate host of the virus.
D．Bats not human beings are truly to blame for the virus.
66．The reason why bats don’t bats suffer from the corona-virus is that ________.
A．bats’ low body temperature fight against the viruses.
B．the corona-virus is not deadly to bats at all.
C．bats are the closest relatives of the virus.
D．bats’ unique immune system protect them from the bad effects of virus .
67．What does the author intends to tell us in the last paragraph?
A．Humans are supposed to protect bats well.
B．Human should keep a proper distance away from bats.
C．Bats contribute to our ecosystem a lot.
D．Bats are to blame for deadly virus-carrying.
68．Where does the passage most probably come from?
A．A biography. B．A book review. C．A magazine. D．A realistic novel.

Passage 19
（2021·厦门市湖滨中学高二期中） The coronavirus pandemic has forced countless karaoke bars to close. As a response, a music platform in China has launched a new app to put the KTV experience in people’s smartphones so that they can sing at home.
The app targets the younger generation and combines a series of functions such as singing, scoring, and producing. Specifically, it allows users to remix songs and create something new.
“You can sing alone or sing with your friends online. You can also create your own stories or songs. It’s like writing a diary every day,” says the CEO of the company where the app was developed.
The company has attached two new functions –– remixing music and discovering new talented singers –– to the app in an attempt to win over more fans. “For the younger generation, they have lots of access to music from all over the world. They love to create and share their ideas on social media platforms,” the CEO says.
As of August 2019, the company had more than 800 million registered users and over 30 million songs. Due to tis large user base, the company has got useful fata to analyze young Chinese music fans. According to the CEO, not only do they love singing with the original version, but they are also enthusiastic about creating new versions with different music styles.
On May 12, 2020, the company developed cooperation with an American music publishing company for copyright to 1.3 million songs. It is the large and expanding song library that benefits the new app’s users incredibly. By taking advantage of it, they can either perform the latest pop hits or reinterpret classic songs.
In addition, the new app serves as an opportunity to discover new talented singers. “We want to establish a new connection with our users. They app will offer a stage for everyone to display themselves, no matter whether they can sing well or not,” the CEO adds.
About 160,000 indie (独立的) musicians share their creations through the platform. To further support them, the company will invest 200 million yuan in the new app to sponsor 100 indie musicians within three years.
69．Which of the following is a highlight of the new app?
A．It includes new music styles.
B．Users can sing on their smartphones.
C．It can score the songs that users sing.
D．Users can remix songs and create something new.
70．What does the underlined phrase “win over” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Obtain. B．Accept.
C．Promote. D．Compete.
71．What do we know about the users of the new app?
A．They tend to keep diaries.
B．They are mostly young music lovers.
C．They love singing with their friends online.
D．They prefer reinterpretation to original musical forms.
72．What is the text probably going to talk about?
A．Profits made by the company.
B．Steps to register an account and use the new app.
C．Differences between indie musicians and other musicians.
D．Successful examples of indie musicians supported by the company.

Passage 20
（2021·浙江高一月考） Beijing will provide COVID-19 vaccinations (接种疫苗) for certain groups in nursing homes, including the elderly and caregivers, on a voluntary basis to prevent a renewed outbreak at nursing homes during autumn and winter, the local government said.
Those who will receive the vaccines include nursing home kitchen workers, security guards and cleaners. Beijing Daily reported on Friday.
Xing Yinli ,director of Jingkangyuan, a nursing home in Fengtai district with about 290 elderly residents (居民), said they have received the document recently and will strictly follow its guidance.
"It's our top duty to strengthen prevention and control", Xing said, adding they have been using methods such as keeping detailed records of resident contacts outside the nursing home, and encouraging online visits for family members.
As to vaccinations, she said they will ask for permission from residents, their family members and workers before giving vaccines.
In late October, Shaoxing, Zhejiang province carried out an emergency COVTD-19 vaccine program, allowing the public to ask for injections (注射) in advance, with key groups first. A similar program was also organized in Jiaxing, Ningbo and Yiwu in Zhejiang.
Nationwide, emergency use of home grown COVID-19 vaccines was approved in June and launched in late July. China now has four coronavirus candidate vaccines in the third stage clinical trials (临床试验).
The document from Beijing also said nursing homes should conduct nucleic acid testing (核酸检测) every month among kitchen workers and residents who leave the nursing homes to see a doctor. Tests will cover all people in nursing homes considered at high risk if new infections are reported in the city. Besides, routine disinfections (消毒) should be strengthened in kitchens, storerooms and restrooms, it said. The document also recommended noncontact visits from family members.
73．Where can you probably find this article?
A．In a newspaper. B．In a fashion magazine.
C．In a book review. D．In a travel journal.
74．What can we learn from Paragraphs 4 and 5?
A．The nursing home kept detailed records of residents.
B．All the members will make preparations for injections.
C．The nursing home takes prevention and control seriously.
D．Jiaxing is the first city to have carried out an emergency program.
75．What's the main idea of this passage？
A．Nursing homes should conduct nucleic acid testing.
B．Certain groups will have vaccines first in late June.
C．Beijing nursing homes are to be provided vaccines.
D．Routine disinfections should be strengthened in kitchens.

Passage 21
（2021·河北衡水中学高三三模） Happiness, that short and delightful feeling, seems all too rare in 2020. But there’s one place where happiness is the name of the game. And, no, we’re not talking about Disney World. Denmark, currently the second happiest country on earth, is now home to The Happiness Museum, which is created by The Happiness Research Institute, a think tank focusing on well-being, happiness and quality of life. The eight-room museum is devoted to literally bringing happiness to life, reminding visitors what it is that gives value to them and makes them feel good. Led by Meik Wiking, author of three international bestsellers, the museum opened on July 14 in a small 240-square-meter space in Copenhagen.
Visitors to the museum will find many interactive exhibits. Each room is devoted to a specific approach to studying happiness. The politics of happiness exhibit asks questions about the role of elections and GDP in determining national happiness. There’s also a geography happiness section that explores the role of built environments on happiness levels, as well as showing a world map with the World Happiness Report 2020’s happiness ranking of 153 countries. There are other sections like the science of happiness, the history of happiness and what lies in store for the future.
Certain museum exhibits include visitors’ personal perception of happiness. Can you determine which half of the Mona Lisa’s mouth smiles? How do you explain the meaning of happiness? The museum houses a vast collection of donated artworks donated by people from around the globe, which remind them of happy moments in their lives.
While the museum is a very optimistic place to be, it’s also aware of the difficulties of being a public place in the middle of a global pandemic(流行病). The museum has strict policies in place to ensure social distancing and safety, including only allowing 50 visitors at a time and a one-way path through the museum.
76．What’s the main purpose of creating The Happiness Museum?
A．To remind people to read books on happiness.
B．To help visitors learn and experience happiness.
C．To advise visitors to share happiness with others.
D．To tell people ways to improve their quality of life.
77．What does the underlined word “perception” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Understanding. B．Praising.
C．Documenting. D．Misusing
78．What does the author intend to tell us about the museum in the last paragraph?
A．The challenge it faces at present.
B．Its difficulty in receiving visitors.
C．Its positive attitude towards future.
D．The safety measures it takes for visitors.

Passage 22
（2021·梅河口市第五中学高一期中）COVID herd immunity (群体免疫) will not happen in 2021
World Health Organization (WHO) chief scientist Soumya Swaminathan said Monday that herd immunity to coronavirus would not be achieved in 2021, despite the growing availability of vaccines (疫苗产量).
Factors that delay herd immunity include limited access to vaccines in developing countries, skepticism (怀疑) over vaccination, and the potential for virus mutations (变异), according to health experts.
A growing number of countries around the world, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Singapore, Germany and other European Union countries, are in the first stages of mass-vaccination campaigns.
Herd immunity occurs when enough people in a population have immunity to an infection(传染) so that it prevents the disease from spreading.
“We are not going to achieve any levels of population immunity or herd immunity in 2021,” Swaminathan said, while emphasizing that measures like physical distancing, hand washing and mask wearing continue to be necessary in controlling COVID's spread for the rest of the year.
However, Swaminathan praised the “incredible progress” made by vaccine researchers to develop several safe and effective vaccines at unprecedented (空前的) speed. Countries are currently administering vaccines developed by BioNTech-Pfizer, Oxford University AstraZeneca and Moderna.
“The vaccines are going to come,” she said. “They are going to go to all. countries, but meanwhile we mustn't forget that there are measures that work,” she added, referring to hygiene (卫生) and social distancing.
“We won't get back to normal quickly,” Dale Fisher, chairman of the WHO's Outbreak Alert and Response Network, told a conference hosted by Reuters news agency. “We know we need to get to herd immunity and we need that in a majority of countries, but we are not going to see that in 2021,” Fisher said. “There might be some countries that might achieve it but even then that will not create normal especially in terms of border controls,” he added.
79．Which of the following are not the factors that delay herd immunity?
A．People are skeptical about vaccination.
B．Access to vaccines in developing countries is limited.
C．A growing number of countries begin mass-vaccination campaigns.
D．Virus mutations are likely to happen.
80．As for the first stages of mass-vaccination campaigns, which country is not mentioned in the passage?
A．Vietnam B．Germany
C．Singapore D．the United Kingdom
81．What can we learn from what Fisher said?
A．In many countries in 2021, people will live a normal’ life in terms of border controls.
B．If some countries might achieve herd immunity, people will live a ‘normal’ life.
C．In terms of good border controls, we can achieve herd immunity.
D．There maybe a long way to get to herd immunity all over the world.
82．What is the attitude of Swaminathan to the progress of vaccine development?
A．positive B．negative
C．unclear D．neutral

Passage 23
（2021·山东省实验中学高三二模） Blood donations save lives. But blood can only be stored under refrigeration for up to six weeks. After that, it’s no longer usable for transfusions. Because of that limitation, people have to continually donate blood to meet the needs.
Jonathan Kopechek, a bioengineer from University of Louisville says suspension to regular blood donations due to COVID-19 has put stress on the blood supply, and the pandemic underscores the need for more reliable long-term storage methods.
Good news is that Kopechek’s team has developed a method of preserving blood so it can be stored in a dehydrated(脱水的) state at room temperature. To do so, they turned to a sugar called trehalose(海藻糖), which is a common ingredient in donuts(甜甜圈). Trehalose is intended to help make them look fresh even when they are months old, and you wouldn’t know the difference.
The researchers chose trehalose because, in nature, it’s made by animals like sea monkeys—famous for their ability to survive dehydration. “So these animals can dry out completely for a long time and then be rehydrated and resume normal function. So we wanted to use the trehalose produced by these organisms and apply that to preserving blood cells in a dried state.”
But first, the researchers had to get trehalose into blood cells. To achieve this, they drilled temporary holes in the cell membranes(细胞膜). And they need to have sufficient trehalose on both the inside and the outside of the cell in order to survive the dehydration and rehydration process. At that point, the blood could be dried and made into a powder. “And then we can rehydrate the blood and have it return back to normal.”
Kopechek said the technique could be ready for clinical trials in three to five years. If successful, it could be used to create stores of dried blood in case of future pandemics or natural disasters—and for humanitarian aid work, military operations or even missions to Mars. Maybe first aid kits on Mars will include dried red blood cells.
83．Which has the closest meaning with the underlined word in Paragraph 2?
A．Satisfy. B．Decrease. C．Highlight. D．Influence.
84．What can we learn about trehalose?
A．It can only be found in sea monkeys.
B．It should be preserved in a dried state.
C．It helps to keep donuts fresh and tasty.
D．It contributes to long-term blood storage.
85．Which is the correct order of storing blood with trehalose?
①Drying blood and making it into a powder. ② Getting trehalose into blood cells.
③Rehydrating the blood. ④ Drilling holes in the cell surface.
A．④②①③ B．④①②③ C．②④①③ D．②③④①
86．What is the text mainly about?
A．Dried blood has a promising prospect. B．Trehalose could help stored blood last.
C．The need for stored blood is on the rise. D．Storing blood longer is very challenging.