时事热点 专题03 垃圾分类-备战2022年高考英语热点时文阅读理解专项训练（第1期）

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时事热点 冲刺2022年高考英语阅读理解
专题03 垃圾分类
Passage 1
（2021·重庆高二期末） You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped（倾倒） from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
1．What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for?
A．Beautifying the city he lives in. B．Introducing eco-friendly products.
C．Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D．Reducing garbage on the beach.
2．Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A．To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B．To explain why they are useful.
C．To voice his views on modern art.
D．To find a substitute for them.
3．What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers?
A．Calming. B．Disturbing.
C．Refreshing. D．Challenging.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety
B．Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C．Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D．Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures

Passage 2
（2020·江苏苏州市·高一期中） Before you throw your trash into the nearest can, think for a moment. Not all your garbage can be dumped into one trashcan. It needs to be sorted out with different things going into different bins. Waste classification, a practice that has long been normal in developed countries like Japan, is the new challenge for many Chinese urban residents. However, though initially you might need to rack your brains to figure out which trash goes into which can, in the long run, the result is well worth the effort.
Landfills, sites where waste is buried and covered over with soil, are a major method of disposing of residential waste in China. However, considering the environmental disaster associated with burying waste, there is a pressing need to reduce the amount of waste that goes into a landfill. Classification, sorting waste into different categories such as harmful waste, recyclables and kitchen waste, is a key solution.
Currently, 46 cities across China, are carrying out a program that aims to put in place a classification-based garbage disposal system by the end of 2020. It is hoped that this will reduce the quantity of waste that ends up in landfills by a large degree. Shanghai came into the media focus in early July after it carried out compulsory garbage sorting rules that those who fail to dispose of garbage properly should be fined. Beijing is reviewing its regulations to follow in Shanghai’s footsteps. The new rules may cause short-term inconvenience but they are meant to help residents follow the concept of garbage classification for the common good.
As the programs show, residents can gradually develop this habit with their growing consciousness and the help of advanced technology. In future, this practice should be adopted across China, in urban cities and rural areas alike. With public involvement, China’s garbage sorting program will contribute not only to the nation’s sustainable (可持续的) development but also to making the planet a better place to live in.
5．What is the most probable reason for classifying waste？
A．No site for burying waste. B．People’s habit.
C．Economic cost. D．Environmental pollution.
6．What is the purpose of the program？
A．To practise waste classification. B．To protect environment.
C．To save oil for farming. D．To reduce the quantity of waste.
7．What can be a suitable title for the text？
A．A program adopted across China B．Shanghai carried out new disposal rules
C．Doing the best with waste D．Protecting environment is necessary

Passage 3
（2021·山东济南市·高二期末） A waste management system is a collective kind of efforts and has to be supported by the government and all the people. There are some countries with the most interesting waste sorting culture.
Germany is the country with the world's number one recycling system. It has a quite detailed way of sorting their waste-down to the colour of glass waste and the type of paper that could be put inside the paper waste bin. Items like used batteries, electronics, unused paints and appliances must be returned to special locations to be recycled. Other items such as clothes, shoes and furniture are advised to be sold or donated. There's this thing called deposit in Germany, a certain part of the price on a bottled drink that you get back if you return the bottle. German law requires that all shops selling bottled drinks should have such a return point.
South Koreans used to ignore how to sort their waste, but in 1995 their government took a different path from other countries: they set up a systematic(系统的)and strict waste management standard to make sure the development of their future economy. Their government knows that a, good waste management system brings money-saving and environment-caring. South Korea succeeded in changing the people's behavior and did everything to ensure their waste reduction.
It's never too hard to throw your garbage in Indonesia. What Indonesians commonly do is putting your trashes in your personal garbage area at the front of your house, right at the side of the street. And the garbage collectors with their big garbage truck will pick the trashes up. Imagine how much culture shock an Indonesian would suffer when they live in a country famous for its complicated waste sorting system such as Japan, South Korea or Germany-a place where public shaming and fine for a failure in obeying the waste sorting rules is more likely to happen.
8．What can we know about Germany according to the text?
A．It sorts the waste in a simple way.
B．It has the best waste-recycling system.
C．It pays no attention to sorting the waste.
D．It advises people to donate unused paints.
9．What does the underlined word "deposit" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Fund donated by the public.
B．Drinks forbidden by laws.
C．Money returned to customers.
D．Places set up for recycling.
10．Which country need improve its waste managing system?
A．Indonesia. B．Japan. C．South Korea. D．Germany.
11．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To inform a way of recycling. B．To compare different cultures.
C．To advertise a sorting company. D．To introduce waste managing systems.

Passage 4
（2021·江苏宿迁市·高二期末） If you live in China, mandatory (强制的) garbage sorting is coming to a city near you. In the UK, people have been sorting out rubbish for a while. For most people, it’s just second nature to sort waste at home before throwing it into separate bins.
But like most Brits and other Westerners, I had no idea that most of our recycling used to go to China until the country banned foreign trash imports last year. With its booming middle class of urban consumers, China has its own increasing waste problems that it urgently needs to deal with. During China’s new drive to sort out its trash problem, I was keen to see what Hangzhou was doing to get residents ready.
It was seven a.m. when I first got to work, in a local community where residents were heading out to work, school or for a morning walk. I was joined by Liu Lianqun, a “garbage guide” next to the local trash sorting station. When many locals approached us, enthusiastically holding their green bags given for free, it was up to us to give them a kind but firm telling-off. “Kitchen waste is food items only! No tissues! No paper! No plastic!” Some people took our advice while others were clearly angry at being told what to do. It’s understandable. Our rubbish can be very personal and something that we keep to ourselves. Any attempt by a stranger to spy into our bin bags is going to be unwelcome. But Liu was very optimistic that progress was being made.
In another community, I found a different approach to garbage sorting—rewarding residents with points in return for their recyclable waste. By scanning a QR code through a smart phone app, locals can collect points for their cardboard, plastic bottles and old clothing, and exchange them for goods or cash in local shops.
If common people could see truck after truck pouring glass, paper and plastic into landfill with their own eyes, they would likely give garbage separation a lot more attention. For China’s garbage separation campaign, education will be essential in the long term.
12．What can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A．Foreign trash imports have done great harm to China.
B．Imports of foreign garbage have not been banned up to now.
C．Residents in Hangzhou are ready for garbage sorting.
D．Most of the foreign garbage in China comes from Britain.
13．What does the underlined word “telling-off ” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Carrying out severe punishment. B．Showing a warm welcome.
C．Pointing out their mistakes seriously. D．Giving them guidance.
14．Why is it understandable for residents to get angry at being told how to sort garbage?
A．Because the green bags are given to them free of charge.
B．Because residents there tend to be defensive towards strangers.
C．Because only food items can be kept in kitchen waste garbage bags.
D．Because the contents in green bags may let out personal information.
15．What can be the best title for the passage?
A．Wealth hidden in waste
B．Less garbage, clearer environment
C．More points, more rewards
D．Good start for garbage sorting

Passage 5
（2020·江苏盐城市·高一月考） Wearing a protective suit, Jiang Aiqin waited for the arrival of the garbage trucks.
She was about to start her voluntary work: garbage classification. But once she’d been working for a while, the 17-year-old of Chongqing Nankai Middle School realized that sorting out garbage by hand is a torturous(折磨人的) and time-consuming process.
From the 2,000 replies to an online questionnaire she designed, Jiang found that only half of the residents were able to sort out their garbage and many blamed their difficulties on the poor classification system.
Jiang wondered what she could do to help out with the problem. It was her mother that gave her the hint: She suggested that Jiang introduce artificial intelligence(人工智能) into garbage classification.
Inspiration struck, leading her to design a new app.
When users come to the front of a bin, they describe the garbage on their smartphones and create a QR code sticker(二维码标签). Using a machine beside the dustbin, they scan the code, which then tells them the correct bin to use.
With the app, you can track(追踪) the progress of your trash. “It would save residents troubles and inform them about garbage classification,” said Jiang. “As the method spread from household to household, the efficient disposal of garbage in cities would be established.”
Although the teenager had a blueprint in mind, she didn’t know how to program an app. To this end, Jiang visited an environmental protection company for help. She told the company about her app idea, and as a result won recognition for her innovation(发明) from the company’s experts.
Finally, Jiang did a further duty as a citizen: She wrote to local government about her idea. Replying, the government told her that “The design is creative and workable” and that “a clean environment needs the help of citizens like you.”
16．All of the following contribute to the creation of the garbage sorting app EXCEPT _______.
A．Jiang Aiqin’s mother. B．environmental experts
C．the government D．Jiang Aiqin’s classmates
17．What’s the purpose of Jiang’s app?
A．To make garbage classification efficient.
B．To earn her a large quantity of money.
C．To earn her much higher social status.
D．To monitor people for garbage classification.
18．In order to use the garbage classification app, users needn’t _______.
A．come to the front of a bin
B．create a QR code sticker
C．use a smartphone to scan the code
D．describe garbage on their smartphone
19．Which of the following word can describe Jiang Aiqin?
A．Particular. B．Determined.
C．Sensitive D．Modest

Passage 6
（2021·宁夏银川市·银川一中高一期末） With people wearing face masks to protect themselves from being infected with the novel coronavirus, a concern now is how they are dealing with their used masks. As used face masks may carry the coronavirus, they shouldn't be carelessly thrown away as waste. Since the virus can survive for one or two days in wet conditions, the used masks may become a new source of infection.
Given that the garbage sorting has recently been carried out in only a few cities, mixed waste commonly exists. The mixture of polluted masks and recyclable waste may cause a possible danger to rubbish collectors when they put hands in the garbage cans to collect recyclable items. What's worse, if someone just throws a used mask on the street, someone might pick it up, or try to collect it to sell second-hand.
With the spread of the novel coronavirus, there has obviously been a high demand for protective equipment such as face masks among ordinary people, with the resulting generation of a huge quantity of what may be considered medical waste. Thus, the problem is how to deal with this mass of medical waste, particularly the used face masks outside of hospitals. Communities should have special trash cans around to collect used masks. If these are not provided, people should put the waste into plastic bags before casting them aside, so they are not exposed to the air.
As the main risk of medical waste is infectivity, disinfection, whether by steam, chemicals or microwave, is very important. According to regulations, only licensed companies should collect, transport and do the final management of medical waste. For example, medical waste must be collected in special containers,and be transported in special vehicles by qualified people.
20．What problem is described in paragraph 1?
A．Used masks may cause infection. B．Used masks are difficult to recycle.
C．The virus spreads quickly in wet conditions. D．The novel coronavirus infection is worsening.
21．What is paragraph 2 mainly talking about?
A．The causes of sorting garbage. B．The ways of recycling used masks.
C．The harm of using second-hand masks. D．The risk of handling used masks improperly.
22．What do the underlined words "casting them aside" in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Destroying rubbish. B．Throwing waste. C．Marking rubbish. D．Reusing waste.
23．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．It costs a lot to collect and transport medical waste.
B．The hospital infection is mainly from medical waste.
C．The rules of dealing with medical waste are very strict.
D．License companies should be responsible for infection.

Passage 7
（2021·北京西城区·） Garbage cans are not magical openings. Garbage does not disappear when you throw it in a can. Yet, the average American throws away about 1,600 pounds of waste each year. If there are no magical garbage fairies, where does it all go? There are four methods of managing waste: recycling, landfilling, composting, and incinerating. Each method has its strengths and weaknesses. Let's take a quick look at each.
Recycling is the process of turning waste into new materials. For example, used paper can be turned into paperboard, which can be used to make book covers. Recycling can reduce pollution, save materials, and lower energy use. Yet, some argue that recycling wastes energy. They believe that collecting, processing, and converting waste uses more energy than it saves. Still, most people agree that recycling is better for the planet than landfilling.
Landfilling is the oldest method of managing waste. In its simplest form, landfilling is when people bury garbage in a hole. Over time the practice of landfilling has advanced. Garbage is squeezed (挤压) together before it is thrown into the hole. In this way more garbage can fit in each landfill. Large liners are placed in the bottom of landfills so that poisonous garbage liquid doesn't get into the ground water. Sadly, these liners don't always work. Landfills may pollute the local water supply. Not to mention that all of that garbage smells horrible. Nobody wants to live next to a landfill. This makes it hard to find new locations for landfills.
Because of all the negative attention that landfilling has received, interest in composting has grown. Composting is when people pile up organic matter, such as food waste, and allow it to decompose. The product of this decomposition is compost. Compost can be added to the soil to make the soil richer and better for growing crops.
One thing that is easier to do is burning garbage. There are two main ways to incinerate waste. The first is to create or harvest a fuel from the waste, such as methane gas (沼气), and burn the fuel. The second is to burn the waste directly. The heat from the incineration process can boil water, which can power steam generators. Unfortunately, burning garbage pollutes the air. Also, some critics worry that incinerators destroy valuable resources that could be recycled.
Usually, the community in which you live manages waste. Once you put your garbage in that can, what happens to it is beyond your control. But you can make choices while it is still in your hands. You can choose to recycle, you can choose to compost, or you can choose to let someone else deal with it. The choice is yours.
24．Why does the author mention magical garbage fairies in the first paragraph?
A．To creatively support his argument with evidence.
B．To point out that garbage doesn't disappear by itself.
C．To make the language more attractive to please readers.
D．To draw attention to different kinds of garbage thrown away.
25．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Some think recycling is a waste of time.
B．Incineration may destroy recyclable resources.
C．Finding new locations is the focus of landfilling.
D．The purpose of a compost pile is to make soil rich.
26．According to the passage, landfilling_____________________.
A．involves burying garbage in a hole B．reduces the horrible smells
C．squeezes garbage together D．protects ground water
27．Which of the following could be the best title for this passage?
A．Magic: Bringing Back What Was Once Lost
B．Deal with the garbage: Which is Best for You?
C．Methods of Waste Management: Advantages and Disadvantages
D．Do Your Part: How to Save the Earth by Recycling and Composting

Passage 8
（2021·张家口市宣化第一中学高二期末） China still dumps most of the garbage it generates in landfills, which could pollute soil, water and air. Today, China is facing a problem similar to the one Japan faced in the 1970s, especially in its coastal cities which have a relatively high economic growth rate and a large population but comparatively limited land space, resulting in serious environmental pollution.
China has just started its garbage sorting journey, and it will take time for the people to make it a habit of sorting garbage at source.
Shanghai is among China's first cities to introduce garbage classification and also the country's most serious in its performing. Since July 1, 2019, Shanghai residents have been required by law to sort garbage into four different categories, or they could face fines. Individuals, including tourists, can be fined up to 200 yuan for failing to sort their waste properly, while companies and institutions can be fined up to 50，000 yuan.
The city government has set up online apps to handle sorting questions, and announced guidelines to address the "one-size-fits-all" method. The country is about to invest over 21 million yuan in the construction of garbage processing facilities to meet demands.
Following Shanghai, Beijing is also pushing ahead with garbage sorting legislation (立法) in the continual national action to get all of China sorting garbage. Not forced yet, the Chinese capital is already carrying out garbage sorting in more than 200 residential communities and it's trying to get more residents on board by making the system smarter. Now it's introducing artificial intelligence into its waste management system, by setting up little cameras in many sets of bins.
However, not every face can be recognized by the smart dustbin until you register (注册) for the system. Once registration is complete, users will scan a QR code on the bin, which then opens it up to allow for garbage disposal (处理). Now, each household gets one special QR code for throwing out waste. Here, the intelligent bins don't just calculate garbage weight, they also help residents gain rewards by collecting points through the special app.
China welcomes the age of compulsory garbage sorting with its cities revising laws on garbage classification. For Shanghai, sixty percent of the city is expected to implement garbage sorting by the end of this year, and 90 percent by 2020. Garbage sorting is, without doubt, a costly but worthwhile commitment. It is good for the environment and essential for the country's long-term development, and may finally turn out to be a promising industry as well.
28．What is the correct order in using smart garbage sorting system？ ______
①Gain rewards
②Open up the bin
③Register for the system
④Scan a QR code on the bin
A．④②③① B．③④②① C．②④③① D．④③②①
29．What does the underlined word "implement" in the last paragraph mean？ ______
A．engage B．enforce C．emphasize D．encourage
30．What can be inferred from the text？ ______
A．If tourists forget to sort their waste properly, they will be fined 200 yuan.
B．Residents in Beijing have to sort garbage into four different categories.
C．The intelligent garbage bins can only show garbage weight.
D．Garbage sorting can also become a profitable business in future.
31．Why does our country push ahead with compulsory garbage sorting？ ______
A．To promote eco-friendly lifestyle.
B．To build a garbage sorting system.
C．To increase the use of artificial intelligence.
D．To support the construction of garbage processing facilities.

Passage 9
（2020·浙江绍兴市·高二期末） The demand for proper waste disposal has become increasingly urgent. While powerful organizations and giant companies are to be held responsible for the majority of carbon emissions（排放）, we can still do our part in reducing our carbon footprints. And it can be done by simple segregation（分类） and proper garbage disposal. In the small city of Dapitan, Zamboanga del Norte, an app called Hakoot is looking to solve this problem.
Hakoot was created by brothers Efren Jamolod Jr. and Jesrome Jamolod, both lovers of nature. They were first inspired to create the app because of a debate in a Facebook group in Dapitan city about garbage collection problems.
Efren states, "When we looked at it, we thought we can do something about this. So we started to put forward some solutions. We tried to validate（证实） this problem based on our research. It does not exist only in Dapitan. It is everywhere in the country, mostly in third world countries.
Efren explains, "We developed two applications. One for the garbage collectors, and one for the residents（居民）, where they can do real-time monitoring. The garbage collectors will do the garbage collection and they will be able to see the location and the type of garbage the residents will be disposing of. At the same time, the end-user will be able to monitor the garbage collectors' location, when it will arrive, and the distance from his location."
It is noted that it is still up to the individual to segregate. With the pressing issue of climate change, proper garbage disposal can greatly reduce our carbon footprints. Efren says, "It's a huge part of it. Garbage collection is a daily activity. Every day we consume. Therefore, more or less, we produce waste. If that's not handled properly, then there's no recycling, then we need to reproduce more products."
32．What caused the brothers to develop the app?
A．Their concern about garbage issues. B．Their enthusiasm about inventions.
C．Their dislike of defeat in the debate. D．Their confidence in their research.
33．What can we infer about waste disposal from the last paragraph?
A．Hakoot has proved to be quite efficient. B．Efforts individuals make matter a lot.
C．People dispose of rubbish improperly. D．Waste segregation is hard to accomplish.
34．What is the passage meant to tell us?
A．The proper ways to collect and deal with garbage.
B．What we can do to contribute to waste disposal.
C．A scientific approach to recycling industry waste.
D．An app developed to help the disposal of garbage.

Passage 10
（2020·黑龙江齐齐哈尔市·高二期末） If you live in Shanghai, you might have to take a “lesson” in sorting garbage, as the city recently introduced new garbage-sorting regulations. It’s now required that people should sort garbage into four categories, namely recyclable, harmful, dry and wet waste. However, if people fail to sort their garbage properly, they can be fined up to 200 yuan. More cities are introducing similar regulations, following the practice in Shanghai. By the end of 2020, garbage-sorting systems will have been built in 46 major Chinese cities, including Beijing and Shenzhen, reported People’s Daily.
According to a study by the Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy, under the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, over 90 percent of the public believe that garbage sorting is important for the protection of the environment. However, garbage sorting is still a big problem in China. Only 30 percent of participants said they think they are adequately sorting their trash, the study noted.
According to Xinhua News Agency, it’s partly because many people lack the willingness to sort their own waste. In the past, some previous garbage regulations didn’t give clear fines for people who failed to sort garbage. “It’s a must to have a legal guarantee to promote garbage sorting.” Liu Jianguo, a professor from Tsinghua University, told China Daily. He also added “the importance of the new regulations in Shanghai is to change the past voluntary action into compulsory action for everyone”
Aside from China, many other foreign countries have also introduced garbage-sorting regulations. In Japan, waste sorting has become a basic survival skill, reported Xinhua. There is a fixed time for disposal of each kind of garbage and littering can result in high fines and even jail time. In Germany too, people are asked to sort waste into specific categories, reported HuffPost. For example, in Berlin, people have yellow bins for plastic and metals and blue bins for paper and cardboard.
35．What can we learn from paragraph 1?
A．People will be fined not less than 200 yuan.
B．Shanghai works as a pioneer in garbage sorting.
C．All the cities use the same regulations as Shanghai.
D．Poisonous waste belongs to four categories in sorting.
36．Which statement is true according to the passage?
A．Not all the public attach importance to garbage sorting.
B．Garbage-sorting system have been built in 46 major cities.
C．People in Shanghai aren’t fined clearly if they fail to sort garbage now.
D．People may be put in prison because of littering in Germany.
37．What can be inferred from Liu Jianguo’s words?
A．Legal guarantee is a must to promote garbage sorting.
B．There is a growing concern over garbage sorting worldwide.
C．He supports the legal regulations in garbage sorting.
D．The sorting action should be changed from compulsory to voluntary.
38．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Hard to Recycle Appropriately
B．Serious Waste Problems in Big Cities
C．Garbage Sorting Practice in Shanghai
D．Important Regulations in Shanghai

Passage 11
（2020·北京石景山区·高一期末）Sort trash, save Earth
You might not think much about where your garbage goes. But now you might want to know. On July 1, Shanghai introduced a new garbage-sorting policy (垃圾分类政策). People there need to put different kinds of garbage into different bins. Other cities in China will do the same soon.
Why is garbage sorting a big problem? It’s because there is too much garbage these days. It is bad for our soil, air and water. Actually we can make use of some garbage again.
And first, we need to sort our garbage. For example, if you put an old battery into the “harmful waste” bin, people can use it to make new batteries. But if you don’t, the battery will end up somewhere else. Then, it will pollute the environment.
Can’t factories sort garbage for us? Yes, they can. But it takes many workers to do this and costs lots of money. If we all sort our own garbage, things will become much easier.
Garbage sorting and recycling around the world
• Germany: There are big machines in supermarkets. You can put bottles in the machines and get money back. You can get one to two yuan per bottle. People like this because they can get money and protect the environment at the same time.
• Japan: A trash truck comes to people’s doors to pick up their garbage. It plays music when it’s coming. There are eight or more kinds of garbage. If you sort any of them wrong, you will get a notice on your door.
• Indonesia: People can take buses for free if they give plastic bottles to bus stations. An hour-long bus ride costs three large bottles, five medium bottles or 10 plastic cups. But the bottles must be clean.
• Shanghai: Four kinds of garbage in Shanghai




Recyclable garbage includes paper, books, boxes, newspapers, and glass bottles.
Harmful garbage includes lamps, batteries, nail polish (指甲油 ), and other things with harmful chemicals.
Wet garbage usually comes from the kitchen, such as food, vegetables, flowers, leaves and eggshells.
Dry garbage is anything you cannot put into the other three bins. It includes pens, toilet paper, tape, hair, and towels.

39．What can we learn from Paragraph 1?
A．Many other cities in China have garbage-sorting policies.
B．Many people don’t like Shanghai’s garbage-sorting policy.
C．Shanghai is the first city in China to make a garbage-sorting policy.
D．China is the first country in the world to make a garbage-sorting policy.
40．With the battery example, the writer tries to tell us .
A．how to sort our garbage
B．the importance of sorting our garbage
C．what harmful waste is
D．the difficulty of sorting our garbage
41．Why can’t we ask factories to sort garbage?
A．Because we don’t have this kind of factory.
B．Because factories ask for too much money.
C．Because it takes too many workers to do it.
D．Because not all garbage can go to factories.
42．In which country can people take buses for free if they give plastic bottles to bus stations?
A．Germany. B．Indonesia. C．Japan. D．China.

Passage 12
（2020·山东青岛市·高三三模） If the three Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle) is a guideline to save the planet, garbage-sorting is where the efforts start. Since May 1, Beijing has started to carry out mandatory garbage-sorting in new efforts to better protect the environment. Under the new regulation, residents are required to classify household waste into four categories: kitchen, recyclable, hazardous and other waste. People who fail to sort their garbage properly can be fined from 50 to 200 yuan, reported Xinhua.
Some residential communities in Beijing have introduced rewards to encourage residents to sort their garbage. According to Xinhua, residents can earn points by classifying their domestic waste correctly and then exchange the points they accumulate for daily necessities such as soap.
Garbage sorting practices have reached over 70 percent of housing estates in 18 cities, including Shanghai, Xiamen and Hangzhou, according to the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. Shanghai first enacted a mandatory garbage-sorting regulation in July 2019 and has had a 90 percent compliance (服从) rate among its housing estates.
According to a report by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, over 90 percent of the public believe that garbage-sorting is important for the protection of the environment. However, garbage-sorting is still a big problem in China. Only 30 percent of participants said they think they are completely sorting their waste, the report noted. According to Xinhua, it’s partly because many people lack the willingness to sort their own waste. Also, some previous garbage regulations didn’t include fines for people who failed to obey them.
“It’s a must to have a legal guarantee to promote garbage sorting,” Liu Jianguo, a professor from Tsinghua University, told China Daily, “Aside from China, many countries like Germany, Spain and Britain, also ask people to sort waste into specific categories. In Japan, there is a fixed time for the sorting of each kind of garbage and littering.”
43．What can we learn about the new regulation in Beijing?
A．It hasn’t been put into use yet.
B．Residents can sort the garbage as they like.
C．People can get money if they classify their domestic waste correctly.
D．Those who can’t sort the garbage as the new rule requires shall be fined.
44．What’s the problem in garbage sorting in China?
A．Most people are unaware of its importance in protecting environment.
B．Some people don’t want to take the trouble to sort the garbage.
C．Only residents in big cities can sort the trash correctly.
D．The government doesn’t have enough money to support garbage sorting.
45．What can we infer from Liu Jianguo’s words?
A．It’s difficult to carry out garbage sorting in China.
B．Some laws in garbage-sorting are needed.
C．People in developed countries can better sort the garbage.
D．We should learn from Japan.
46．What’s the best title of the passage?
A．Garbage sorting, a new start in China B．New regulations in Beijing
C．Argument on garbage sorting D．How to sort domestic garbage

Passage 13
（2020·赤峰二中高一月考） Garbage sorting has become a hot issue around China,especially after Shanghai began carrying out a regulation on July 1.
Beijing has thus been expected to follow suit. The current regulation gives garbage sorting responsibilities to government departments, property management groups and other organizations. It also gives rules for companies, outlining how they’re responsible for waste collection, transportation and treatment. Only individuals are not subject to responsibilities.
The long-awaited revision will soon change the situation. “Taking out the trash without sorting it properly will be illegal,” said Sun Xinjun, director of the Beijing Commission of Urban Management. In Shanghai, violators are now fined up to 200 yuan for trash-sorting violations (违背). The maximum fine in Beijing will not be less than that, he said.
The Beijing city government first set out to promote garbage sorting in 2009. Authorities have since called on citizens to sort their household waste into four types-recyclable waste, kitchen trash, dangerous waste and others — and leave it in a corresponding (相应的) dustbin or trash can. Blue-colored dustbins indicate items within are recyclable, green represents kitchen trash, red corresponds to dangerous materials and grey to other waste.
To promote the awareness of garbage sorting and expand the base of participants, authorities have employed workers to help residents on the spot. With intelligent devices, those who throw in recyclable waste at given sites will be rewarded with bonus points, which can be used to buy daily goods. At some communities, there are no color-coded dustbins. Instead, a scheduled garbage collection service is offered to help improve the environment. In other communities, workers offer a door-to-door service to collect recyclables or kitchen waste.
Beijing Environmental Sanitation Engineering Group has been promoting new garbage sorting facilities such as recycling cabinets and smart kitchen waste trash cans since 2016, Xinhua News Agency reported.
47．Which of the following shouldn’t be thrown into a blue dustbin?
A．Coke cans. B．Used books.
C．Thrown-away batteries. D．Abandoned iron pots.
48．It’s known from the passage that _______.
A．Shanghai carried out garbage sorting later than Beijing
B．Green color indicates recyclable waste like deserted clothes
C．people sorting recyclable waste will be rewarded throughout Beijing
D．citizens are not responsible for garbage sorting in Beijing now
49．What is the best title for the text?
A．An Example in Garbage Sorting in Shanghai
B．Action to Be Taken to Sort Garbage in Shanghai
C．Present Garbage Collection in Beijing
D．New Garbage Sorting Regulation in Beijing
50．Where can you read the article?
A．A fashion magazine. B．A science book.
C．A government report. D．A newspaper.

Passage 14
（2020·内蒙古包头市·高三期末） Recently, the most heated topic of “which is the right bin for my garbage” has swept China.
Shanghai is among China’ s first cities to introduce garbage classification (垃圾分类) and also the country’s most serious in its performing. Since July 1,2019, Shanghai residents have been required by law to sort garbage into four different categories, or they could face fines. Individuals, including tourists, can be fined 200 yuan for failing to sort their waste properly, while companies and institutions can be fined up to 50,000 yuan.
The government has set up online apps to handle sorting questions, and announced guidelines to address the “one-size-fits-all” method. The country is about to invest over 21 billion yuan in the construction of garbage processing facilities to meet demands. Now it’s introducing artificial intelligence into its waste management system, by setting up little cameras in many sets of bins.
However, not every face can be recognized by the smart dustbin until you register for the system. Once registration is complete, users will scan a QR code on the bin, which then opens it up to allow for garbage disposal (处理). Now, each household gets one special QR code for throwing out waste. Here, the intelligent bins don’t just calculate garbage weight, they also help residents gain rewards by collecting points through the special app.
China is stepping into the age of compulsory garbage sorting with its cities revising laws on garbage classification. For Shanghai, sixty percent of the city is expected to carry out garbage sorting by the end of 2019, and 90 percent by 2020. Garbage sorting is, without doubt, a costly but worthwhile endeavor. It is good for the environment and important for the country’s sustainable development (可持续发展), and may finally turn out to be a promising industry as well.
51．What is the correct order in using smart garbage sorting system?
① Gain rewards.
② Open up the bin
③ Register for the system.
④ Scan a QR code on the bin.
A．③④②① B．④②③①
C．③①②④ D．④③②①
52．What does the underlined word “endeavor” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Effort. B．Fashion.
C．Announcement. D．Decision.
53．What can we know from the text?
A．The intelligent bins can only show garbage weight.
B．Residents have to sort garbage into four different categories in Shanghai.
C．If companies forget to sort their waste, they can be fined 200 yuan.
D．Tourists can avoid being fined for failing to sort their waste correctly.
54．Why does our country push ahead with compulsory garbage sorting?
A．To build a garbage sorting system.
B．To increase the use of artificial intelligence.
C．To promote sustainable development of environment.
D．To support the construction of garbage processing facilities.

Passage 15
（2020·全国高二专题练习） If you live in Shanghai, you might have to take a "lesson" in sorting garbage（垃圾分类）, as the city recently introduced new garbage-sorting regulations（条例）. It's now required that people should sort garbage into four categories, namely recyclable, harmful, dry and wet waste. However, if people fail to sort their garbage properly, they can be fined up to 200 yuan.
More cities are introducing similar regulations, following the practice in Shanghai. By the end of 2020, garbage-sorting systems will have been built in 46 major Chinese cities, including Beijing and Shenzhen, reported People's Daily.
According to a study by the Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy, under the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, over 90 percent of the public believe that garbage sorting is important for the protection of the environment. However, garbage sorting is still a big problem in China. Only 30 percent of participants said they think they are adequately（充分地）sorting their trash, the study noted.
According to Xinhua News Agency, it's partly because many people lack the willingness to sort their own waste. In the past, some previous garbage regulations didn't give clear fines for people who failed to sort garbage.
"It's a must to have a legal guarantee to promote garbage sorting." Liu Jianguo, a professor from Tsinghua University, told China Daily.
Liu Xinyu, a researcher of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, told China Daily that the importance of the new regulations in Shanghai is to change the past voluntary action into compulsory action for everyone.
Aside from China, many other foreign countries have also introduced garbage-sorting regulations. In Japan, waste sorting has become a basic survival skill. In Germany too, people are asked to sort waste into specific categories. For example, in Berlin, people have yellow bins（垃圾桶）for plastic and metals and blue bins for paper and cardboard.
55．What do we know about garbage sorting in Shanghai?
A．It sets an example for many other cities in China.
B．People should put their garbage into two categories.
C．People will be fined 200 yuan each time they break the regulations.
D．Shanghai is the only city to introduce garbage-sorting regulations in China.
56．What is the current situation of garbage sorting in China?
A．Some people can properly sort their garbage.
B．Few people know the importance of garbage sorting.
C．People are not happy with the current garbage sorting regulations.
D．China's garbage-sorting problem is the most serious in the world.
57．Which of the following best explains "compulsory" underlined in paragraph 6?
A．Willing. B．Motivated.
C．Selected. D．Forced.
58．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Why garbage sorting is important.
B．How other countries sort garbage.
C．Garbage sorting has started in China.
D．The world's garbage problem is becoming worse.

Passage 16
（2021·新疆高三三模） A couple of years ago, I learned this lesson. That day, I took a taxi to Grand Central Station. We were driving in the right lane when, all of a sudden, a black car jumped out of a parking space right in front of us. 59．
The driver of the other car, the guy who almost caused a big accident, got out of his car and started yelling bad words at us. 60． And I mean he was friendly. So, I said, “Why did you just do that? This guy almost ruined your car and sent us to the hospital! That was when my taxi driver told me what I now call: the law of the garbage truck.
61． They run around full of garbage, full of frustration, full of anger, and full of disappointment. As their garbage piles up, they need a place to dump it, and if you let them, they’ll dump it on you. When someone wants to dump their problems on you, don’t take it personally. Just smile, wave, wish them well, and move on. 62．
I started thinking: how often do I let garbage trucks run right over me? And how often do I take their garbage and spread it to other people? 63．
What about you? What will happen in your life if you let more garbage trucks pass you by? Life is too short to wake up in the morning with regrets.
A．We will surely to do that again.
B．You will be happy at what you did.
C．And it is twice as far from my home.
D．Many people are like garbage trucks.
E.The taxi driver just smiled and waved at the guy.
F.That day I said, “I’m not going to do that any more.
G.The taxi driver slammed (猛踩) on his brakes and missed the other car’s back end by just inches!

Passage 17
（2021·西藏拉萨市·高三一模） Open an app at your smart phone and scan the code bar on the garbage can. When you throw garbage into the garbage can, it will show the weight of the garbage and the points you can get from doing so. 64． It will become more popular in the future. Yes, we are talking about the smart garbage can.
65． The environmental problems have become constant headaches in the development of those cities. Encouraging garbage classification has become an effective way.
In some cities, a variety of multifunctional smart garbage cans are being put into use. In Beijing, for example, a smart garbage can is equipped with an LED screen, which not only shows national policies on garbage classification but also shows the correct steps for garbage sorting. It can also calculate the weight of the garbage and the accumulated points one can get. They can be traded for some articles of daily use. 66． Its body is actually a screen. It is equipped with some Internal sensors. When people throw garbage into it, the internal sensors can automatically tell the types of the garbage. Meanwhile, people can see how to deal with them. 67．
Garbage disposal is a small issue that involves everybody each day. However, it is also a big issue.68． With smart garbage cans in our daily life, the idea of garbage sorting will become more established. Our dream of building a greener and more beautiful China will come true so long as we start to make small changes right now.
A．Garbage sorting has been a new fashion.
B．Another kind of garbage can is even smarter.
C．It is no wonder that residents cheered for their presence.
D．Such a way of handling garbage has appeared in some cities.
E.It will affect China’s transformation towards green development.
F.Over 200 million tons of garbage is produced each year in some cities.
G.The good habit of garbage classification can improve the living environment.

Passage 18
（2021·浙江高一月考） A new law came into use in Shanghai on Monday, requiring every individual, families and companies to sort（分类）their trash into different trash cans. Locals are now required to separate trash into four kinds: food waste, residual waste, harmful waste and recyclable waste. According to the new law, a 200-yuan fine can be given to individuals or families who do not follow it.69．
On the first day of practice of the rules, it was found that 38. 1 percent of hotels and 33.2 percent of companies didn't meet the requirements.70．. The success in residential（居民的）neighborhoods was a result of early practice in pilot（试点的）neighborhoods around the city, which had caused mixed feelings among the public since June.
71．Some people praised Shanghai for being a role model and taking active steps to solve the trash problem in big cities, while others complained about the inconvenience the rule has brought to their daily lives, and made jokes about sorting their garbage.
The final goal of the trash sorting program is to reduce waste and increase recycling. Shanghai's24 million residents produce 56,000 tons of trash every day.72．Actually, Shanghai is not fighting alone in the battle against trash disposal,as trash sorting has been popular nationwide.73．Those cities will set up a basic system to classify and dispose of their house old garbage by 2020, and by 2050, cities at the prefecture level（地级）and above should have the system in place.
A．Only 7.4 percent of the residential neighborhoods needed to be corrected.
B．Sales of trash cans on Taobao also increased before the regulation took effect.
C．On Sina Weibo, the topic of trash sorting has caused a heated discussion.
D．People in different cities have different attitudes towards sorting their trash.
E.Most of the trash,ends up being buried, which wastes precious land and can pollute water and soil if not solved properly.
F.The country plans to have 46 major Chinese cities to join in it, including Beijing and Guangzhou.
G.And for companies, the fine can hit 5,000 to 50,000 yuan.