2022届高考英语复习之语法透析：虚拟语气课件

这是一份2022届高考英语复习之语法透析：虚拟语气课件，共25页。PPT课件主要包含了知识导图，虚拟语气，考点精析，虚拟现在，虚拟过去，虚拟将来，与现在事实相反，与过去事实相反，与将来事实相反，方法解读等内容，欢迎下载使用。
虚拟语气在其他从句中的运用
虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用
虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用
虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用
虚拟语气在定语从句中的运用
as if、if nly从句中的虚拟语气
if条件句中的虚拟语气
1.if条件句中的虚拟语气
主句谓语动词shuld/wuld/culd/might＋d
从句谓语动词过去式(be动词一般用were)
主句谓语动词shuld/wuld/culd/might＋have dne
从句谓语动词had+过去分词
从句谓语动词过去式/were t d/shuld d
考点一　虚拟语气的基本用法
We wuld be back in the htel nw if yu didn't lse the map.如果你没有把地图丢了的话，我们现在就回到旅馆了。They might have fund a better htel if they had driven a few mre kilmeters.　如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。Grace desn't want t mve t New Yrk because she thinks if she were t live there, she wuldn't be able t see her parents very ften.格蕾丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为如果住在那里，她就不能经常看到她的父母了。
***(1)在if引导的虚拟条件状语从句中，谓语动词含有had、were、shuld时，可以把if省略，将had、were、shuld提到句首，变成倒装句。Were it nt fr the supprt f the teachers, the student culd nt vercme her difficulty.如果没有老师们的帮助，这个学生克服不了她的困难。It might have saved me sme truble had I knwn the schedule.要是早知道时间表的话，可能会省去我一些麻烦。
(2)如果主句和从句是对不同时间的事实的虚拟，则被称为错综虚拟语气。此时主句常有明显的时间状语，并且动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。Maybe if I had studied science, and nt literature then, I wuld be able t give yu mre help.也许如果当时我学的是理科不是文科的话，那么我现在就可以给你更多的帮助了。
2.含蓄条件句的虚拟语气有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，这叫含蓄虚拟语气。常用的这类词或短语有withut(没有)、but fr(要不是)、therwise/r(否则)等。The wrkers were nt better rganized, therwise they wuld have accmplished the task in half the time.　工人们没有被更好地组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成这项任务。Many f the things we nw benefit frm wuld nt be arund but fr Thmas Edisn.要不是托马斯·爱迪生，我们现在从中获益的很多东西就不会存在。
考点二　虚拟语气在其他从句中的运用一、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用
1.wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气
从句谓语动词:过去式(be动词一般用were)
从句谓语动词:had＋过去分词
从句谓语动词:wuld/culd/might＋动词原形
There is a gd scial life in the village, and I wish I had a secnd chance t becme mre invlved.　这个村子里的人们有良好的社交生活，我希望自己还能有机会去更多地参与其中。I wish I had tld him the way t the supermarket.我真希望我已经告诉了他到超市的路线。I wish yu culd give me the bk yu brrwed frm me last week tmrrw.我希望你明天能把你上周从我这儿借的那本书还给我。
2.在表示“建议、要求、命令”等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“shuld＋动词原形”，shuld可以省略。常见的这类动词有：①坚持：insist；②命令：rder、cmmand；③建议：advise、suggest、prpse、recmmend；④要求：request、require、demand、ask、desire。
She suggested that Dale (shuld) jin the debating team, believing that practice in speaking culd give him the cnfidence and recgnitin that he needed.她建议戴尔参加辩论队，她认为演讲练习会给予他所需要的信心和认可。He insisted that the prblem (shuld) be discussed at the meeting.　他执意要求在会上讨论这个问题。
***当suggest意为“暗示、表明”，insist意为“坚持认为”时，从句要用陈述语气。His silence suggested that he agreed with my decisin.他的沉默表明他同意我的决定。He insisted that he hadn't stlen the mney.他坚持说他没有偷过钱。
3.wuld rather所接的宾语从句中，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，表示对现在或将来的虚拟；从句谓语动词用过去完成时，表示对过去的虚拟。We wuld rather ur daughter stayed at hme with us, but it is her chice, and she is nt a child any lnger.　我们宁愿女儿待在家，陪在我们身边，但是选择权在她手上，毕竟她不再是个孩子了。I'd rather he had gne t the seaside with me the day befre yesterday.要是前天他和我一起去海边就好了。
二、虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用表示“建议、要求、命令、计划”等的名词，如advice、idea、rder、demand、plan、prpsal、suggestin、request等，其后的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词用“shuld＋动词原形”，shuld可以省略。My suggestin was that necessary measures (shuld)be taken t prtect the children frm dangerus situatins.我的建议是采取必要措施来保护孩子们远离危险的境遇。His suggestin that we (shuld) g t Shanghai is wnderful.　他让我们去上海的建议很好。
三、虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用在“It is/was＋adj./dne＋that...”句型中，从句中的谓语动词用“(shuld＋)动词原形”。常见的形容词或过去分词有imprtant、necessary、strange、suggested、rdered、advised、requested、demanded等。It is necessary that we (shuld) clean the rm every day.我们每天打扫房间是有必要的。It is required that middle schl students (shuld) take at least ne hur exercise every day.中学生被要求每天至少进行一个小时的锻炼。
四、虚拟语气在定语从句中的运用It's (abut/high/very) time＋that从句(从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用一般过去时或shuld＋动词原形，shuld不能省略)，意为“是某人该做某事的时间了”。It's time that we went/shuld g hme.是我们该回家的时候了。It is high time that we tk/shuld take sme measures t slve the prblem.确实到了我们采取措施解决这个问题的时候了。
五、as if、if nly从句中的虚拟语气
If nly the driver didn't drive s fast.要是司机没开那么快就好了。If nly she wuld pass the English examinatin!但愿她能通过英语考试！Mary's descriptin f the party was s vivid that I felt as if I had been there.玛丽对这次聚会的描述是如此生动，以至于我觉得我好像去过那里一样。
***当as if/thugh引导的句子所叙述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，从句要用陈述语气。Lk at the dark cluds. It lks as if it is ging t rain. 看那乌云，好像要下雨了。
方法一　意义和语气判断法所谓意义判断法就是分析语境并确定应填情态动词的含义。因此熟练掌握每个情态动词的意义和用法是答题的前提。此外，情态动词主要表示说话人的语气、态度或情感，所以在解答此类试题时，要从说话者的角度去考虑问题，结合具体的语境来分析和判断，最后确定所需情态动词是否符合说话者的语气以及特定的情感需要。Gerge _____________________(nt g) t far. His cffee is still warm.
表示对过去发生的事情非常有把握的否定推测
can't/culdn't have gne　
方法二　时间判断法虚拟语气的考查重点在于判断句子是对现在、过去还是将来的动作进行虚拟。判断出时间后再根据相应的结构或句型确定谓语动词的形式。I wish I ____________(be) at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was n a business trip in New Yrk then.
表示与过去事实相反的假设
1. “That way, the spread f the virus culd ____________(prevent)，” it said, “since peple did nt need t be in clse cntact.”2.It's required that at least ne ftball class ______________ (ffer) each week in these schls s that they can encurage their students t actively participate in ftball training and yu phned me, I was having a meeting; hw I wish I ______________ (answer) yur call.
be prevented (shuld) be fferedhad answered
4.Ann said whenever her father was unhappy he ____________ g ut and buy smething, usually smething large and useless.5.—What des the sign ver there read?—N persn ______________ smke r carry a lighted cigarette, cigar r pipe in this is high time that yu ______________ (cnsider) that if there were n stress in yur life, yu wuld achieve a little.
wuld shall cnsidered/shuld cnsider
7.Yu didn't let me drive. If we ______________ (drive) by turns, yu wuldn't have gt s tired.8.—Where is my Chinese bk? I remember I put it here yesterday.—Yu ______________ have put it in the wrng wants t see me nw, but I have s much wrk n hand that I wuld rather he ______________ (cme) tmrrw than suggestin is that a ntebk ______________ (keep) and a Chinese­English dictinary ______________ (be) within ur reach.
had driven must came (shuld) be kept(keep) (shuld) be