2022届高考英语复习之语法透析：代词课件

这是一份2022届高考英语复习之语法透析：代词课件，共33页。PPT课件主要包含了知识导图，考点精析，高频考点替代用法，方法解读，演练提升等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考点一 人称代词(1)人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下五种情况：①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地用在无谓语动词的句子中，或者在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。e.g.—Susan, g and jin yur sister cleaning the yard.—Why me？Jhn is sitting there ding nthing.——苏珊，去和你姐姐一起打扫院子。——为什么是我？约翰坐在那里无所事事。
②代词在句子中作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格以及意义上一般要保持前后一致。This is my new car. I bught it yesterday.这是我的新车。我昨天买的。③作表语的人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分的代词的格不变。I met her in the hspital.→It was her wh I met in the hspital.我在医院碰见她。→我在医院碰见的正是她。
④在含有比较级的句子中，than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如：He is taller than me (I)．但在下列句子中有区别：I like Jack as much as her.＝I like bth Jack and her.我喜欢杰克和她。I like Jack as much as she.＝I like Jack and she likes him, t.我喜欢杰克，她也是。
⑤用来表示感叹时，用代词的宾格代替主格形式。Dear me! Hw can I frget the time f the meeting?(2)两个以上的人称代词并列，其顺序排列原则：在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：第二、第三、第一(人称)。宾格me也一样。Yu, she and I will be in charge f the asked Li Hua and me t help him.
考点二 物主代词(1)形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，在句中只能作名词或动词­ing形式的前置定语，不能单独使用。名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，可单独作主语、表语和宾语，也可与f连用作后置定语，但不能单独作定语。The main difference between ur brains and thse f mnkeys is that urs are bigger.　 (2)某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词， e.g. take sb. by the arm、be wunded in the leg
考点三 反身代词(1)反身代词的语法功能：作宾语、表语及主语或宾语的同位语。(2)反身代词可用于某些固定短语中：by neself　　 单独地，独自地fr neself 亲自；为自己devte neself t 致力于apply neself t 专心致志于enjy neself 玩得愉快help neself t 随便吃；随便用make neself at hme 不拘束seat neself 坐下
behave neself 举止得体cme t neself 恢复知觉；苏醒过来adapt/adjust neself t 适应于abandn neself t 沉迷于；放纵于express neself 表达自己的思想lse neself in 迷失say t neself 心里想talk t neself 自言自语dress neself 自己穿衣feel neself 觉得身体正常
考点四 指示代词(this、that、these和thse)
What I want t say is this：yu shuld grasp every minute t finish yur wrk.我想说的是：你应该抓住每一分钟来完成你的工作。
考点五 不定代词1．ther、the ther、thers、the thers和anther(1)ther作前置定语，修饰可数名词复数，不可单独使用，表示泛指，意为“另外的，其他的”。We study English, maths, Chinese and ther subjects.我们学习英语、数学、语文以及其他的学科。(2)the ther指两者中的另一个，表示特指。There are tw pens here.One is his，and the ther is Tm's.这儿有两支钢笔，一支是他的，另一支是汤姆的。
(3)thers泛指“其他人”或“其他物”，常用结构：；而the thers表示特定范围中的“另外的全部”。Sme like staying at hme at the weekend；thers like ging t the cinema.一些人喜欢周末待在家里，另一些人喜欢去看电影。(4)anther泛指同类的人或物，指三者或三者以上的另一个，可单独使用或在其后加可数名词单数。I dn't like this bk. Please give me anther ne.我不喜欢这本书，请再给我一本。
2．bth、all、either、any、neither和nne
Tickets fr Friday? Srry, we've gt nne left.smebdy的特殊含义：大人物nbdy 的特殊含义：小人物。
3．不定代词用于习惯搭配中nthing but 　　 仅仅，只是 anything but 决不smething f 有几分，略微r smething 诸如此类的人或物every ther day 每隔一天each ther (两者)相互ne anther (三者或三者以上)相互 (三者或三者以上)一个…… 另一个 ther... (两者中)一个……另一个…… 一些……另一些……
She'd lived in Lndn and Manchester, but she liked neither and mved t Cambridge.　她曾在伦敦和曼彻斯特生活过， 但是两地她都不喜欢，因此她搬到了剑桥。Even if the answer seemed a little strange, nbdy but I dubted it.　尽管这个答案好像有点儿奇怪，但是除了我之外没人怀疑它。Niki is always full f ideas, but nne is useful t my knwledge.　尼基总是会有很多点子，但是据我所知，没有一个是有用的。
This prject requires clse teamwrk. Nthing will be achieved unless we wrk well tgether.　这个项目需要紧密的团队合作，除非我们通力合作，否则将一事无成。T warm himself, the sailr sat in frnt f the fire rubbing ne bare ft against the ther.　为了暖和自己，那个海员坐在火堆前，两只光着的脚互相蹭着。In sme cuntries, peple eat with chpsticks, while in thers, knives and frks.　在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，而在另外一些国家，人们用刀叉吃饭。
部分否定和全部否定(1)n ne、nne、nbdy、nthing、以及“n＋名词”表示全部否定；(2)all、bth、everyne/everybdy/everything以及“every＋名词”与nt 连用时，表示部分否定；(3)nt与总括性副词，如everywhere、 always、 altgether 等连用时，也表示部分否定。While I agree with the mst f what yu said, I dn't agree with everything.尽管我同意你的大部分看法，但并不是同意所有的看法。
考点六　it的用法1．指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、想法等，也可指代不清楚或没必要知道性别的说话对象，还可指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节等。The emplyment rate has cntinued t rise in big cities thanks t the effrts f the lcal gvernments t increase it.由于当地政府为增加就业率所做的努力，大城市的就业率不断上升。
2．用作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动词­ing形式或从句。(1)it作形式主语的常用句型：①It＋be＋adj./n.＋(fr/f sb.)＋t d sth.；②It is n gd/use/useless ding sth.；③It's (well) wrth ding sth...；④It＋be＋名词词组(a pity/a fact/n wnder/...)＋that从句；⑤It＋不及物动词(词组)(seem/appear/turn ut/ccur t sb./...)＋that从句；⑥It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句；⑦It takes sb.time/mney t d sth.
(2)it作形式宾语的常用句型：①主语＋think/believe/suppse/cnsider/feel/make/...＋it＋adj./n.＋(fr/f sb.)＋t d sth./that从句；②主语＋think/believe/suppse/cnsider/feel/make/keep/...＋it＋useless/wrth/wrthwhile/n use/n gd/a waste f time/mney/energy/...＋ding sth.
it用于like、enjy、hate、lve、appreciate等表示喜欢、憎恶等情感的动词以及depend n/upn、see t等动词短语后，需接when、if、that等引导的从句。
3．含有it的常考短语和句型：believe it r nt 信不信由你make it 成功；做到；约定时间take it fr granted that... 认为……是理所当然的as smene puts it 像某人所说的那样when it cmes t... 当涉及/谈到……we it t 把……归功于某人keep it in mind that... 把……铭记在心It depends. 视情况而定。
Take it easy. 别着急。It's (high) time that sb. (shuld) d/did sth.是某人该做某事的时候了。It's the that sb. have/has dne sth.是某人第一次/二次/……次做某事。It is/has 自从……多久了It will 要过多久才……It is/was＋时间点＋when... 当……时候，时间是……强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/wh...
it特指前面提到过的同一个人或物，不带任何修饰语。nes替代上文出现的复数名词，表泛指，同类不同一。that替代上文出现的“the＋不可数名词或可数名词单数”，表特指，同类不同一。其后常跟介词短语作后置定语。thse替代上文出现的复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)，表特指，同类不同一。ne替代上文出现的“a/an＋可数名词单数”，表泛指，同类不同一。
We rented a car. It lks very ld.我们租了一辆车。它看起来很旧。Mr.Zhang gave me a very valuable present, ne that I have never seen.张先生给了我一件非常有价值的礼物——一件我从来没有见过的礼物。In many ways, the educatin system in the US is nt very different frm that in the UK.　在许多方面，美国的教育制度与英国的教育制度没有很大差异。The bks n the desk are better than thse under the desk.桌子上面的书比桌子下面的书要好很多。
方法一　通过句子成分确定填什么代词1．如果作主语，则用人称代词的主格；2．如果作宾语或表语，则用人称代词的宾格；3．如果作定语，则用形容词性物主代词；4．如果作宾语、表语或同位语且又反射到句子主语，则用反身代词。On my desk is a pht that my father tk f ____________ when I was a baby.
方法二　通过句式结构判断是否填it1．如果指代上文提到的同一个事物，则用it；2．如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况等，则用it；3．如果作形式主语或形式宾语，则用it；4．注意一些固定用法： dislike/hate/appreciate/depend n/see t...＋it＋从句。I'd appreciate ____________ if yu culd let me knw in advance whether r nt yu will cme.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．High n the Qinghai­Tibet Plateau lies China's “water twer” Sanjiangyuan.____ is hme t the head­waters f China's three rivers.2．There is a British saying that ffers sme gd advice in this situatin: “Lk after the pennies and the punds will lk after ________ (they)．”3．Sme peple buy clth shes ut f nstalgia (怀旧), while ________ trust their quality.
itthemselvesthers
4．Human beings lve the wrld f nature that surrunds ________ (we), and we enjy seeing the wild wrld up clse.5．The envirnmental mvement didn't start with Earth Day and indigenus peple (原住民) prtecting the earth as ________ (they) way f life were the pineers.6．Had Clumbus turned back, n ne culd have blamed him.Of curse, n ne wuld have remembered ________ (he), either.7．When I learned mre abut the fd, I began t understand why ________ has this special feature.
us their himit
8．There is als a grwing trend twards marrying later: since 2013, the number f cuples aged 25 t 29 has been greater than ________ f yunger cuples.9．Fr ne thing, they help t braden ur hrizns.Fr ________, mst bks are sld at a lwer price.10．Failure is part f ur life. ________ has achieved great success withut lts f failures.
that antherNbdy
11．Data abut the mn's cmpsitin，such as hw much ice and ther treasures it cntains，culd help China decide whether ____________(it) plans fr a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.12．As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins(模拟)and imagine ____________(they) living at a different time in histry r walking thrugh a rainfrest.13．Nervusly facing challenges, I knw I will whisper t ____________ (I) the tw simple wrds “Be yurself”．
its themselvesmyself
14．A study shws the students wh are engaged in after­schl activities are happier than ____________ wh are nt.15．If yu are time pr, yu need run fr nly half the time t get the same benefits as ther sprts, s perhaps we shuld all give ____________ a try.16．When the grillas and I frightened each ther, I was just glad t find ____________(they) alive.
thseit them