所属成套资源:2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题(含答案)
2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题(选择题):定语从句(含答案)
展开
这是一份2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题(选择题):定语从句(含答案),共18页。
A.which stands B.that stand
C.wh is standing D.wh stand
2.(2020•连云港一模)That was his first inventin. It was a machine ________ clthes.( )
A.that used t wash
B.which was used t washing
C.which gt used t washing
D.that was used t wash
3.(2021•重庆模拟)I dn't knw the her _____ they are talking abut, but I d knw the city ______ he saved a lt f peple.( )
A.wh; where B.which; where
C.wh; which D.that; which
4.(2020•鄂城区模拟)I'm interested in yu have said.( )
A.all what B.all which C.all that D.that
5.(2019•秦淮区一模)Which f the fllwing sentences has a relative clause?( )
A.Sme peple believe that clrs can influence ur mds.
B.He studied s hard that he made great prgress in the exam.
C.Tan Dun shwed an interest in music when he was very yung.
D.Anyne wh can prvide useful infrmatin shuld cntact the plice.
6.(2021•毕节市)Great changes have taken place here.Everything _________ cmes int my eyes is s new t me.
A.that B.which C.wh D.whm
7.(2019秋•吉林期末)I like music ________.( )
A.that I can dance t it
B.that have great lyrics
C.which I can sing alng with
D.I can sing alng with it
8.(2021秋•玄武区期末)Which f the fllwing sentences has a defining relative clause?( )
A.Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.
B.I dn't knw wh is playing the pian next dr.
C.Dn't miss the prgramme if yu like classical music.
D.Lucy is such a lvely girl that everyne in her class lves her.
9.(2020秋•铁锋区期末)﹣﹣Dr. Zhng Nanshan is a natinal superher .
﹣﹣I want t be a persn like him in the future.( )
A.that shuld we respect
B.which shuld we respect
C.whm we shuld respect
10.(2021秋•惠山区校级期中)﹣﹣﹣The yung man wh entered ur cmpany last mnth has made sme mistakes.
﹣﹣﹣Well.______.( )
A.He that climbs high falls heavily
B.He wh makes n mistakes makes nthing
C.He wh laughs last laughs best
D.He that will nt wrk shall nt eat
2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题(选择题):定语从句(10题)
参考答案与试题解析
一.选择题(共10小题)
1.(2020•肇源县一模)The handsme man at the next dr is very strange.( )
A.which stands B.that stand
C.wh is standing D.wh stand
【考点】定语从句;现在进行时.
【分析】那个正站在隔壁的漂亮男子非常奇怪.
【解答】题干包括一个定语从句,先行词是man. which 引导定语从句时只能指物,因此可排除A. 选项B和D中的that 和wh 都可指人,但动词stand不能用原形动词,因此本题正确答案是C(wh is standing 现行进行时).
故选:C.
【点评】解答本题要首先分析句子结构,找到考点,再结合所给选项作答.
2.(2020•连云港一模)That was his first inventin. It was a machine ________ clthes.( )
A.that used t wash
B.which was used t washing
C.which gt used t washing
D.that was used t wash
【考点】定语从句.
【分析】那是他的第一项发明.它是一台用来洗衣服的机器.
【解答】观察句子发现,machine后边的内容是定语从句来修饰这个词.这个定语从句的连接词that指的是先行词machine,它在从句当中做主语.而从句的谓语动词是be used t d sth这个结构,意思是"某物被用来做某事".
故选:D.
【点评】看懂句意.理清句子结构.知道定语从句的用法,能正确解答本题.
3.(2021•重庆模拟)I dn't knw the her _____ they are talking abut, but I d knw the city ______ he saved a lt f peple.( )
A.wh; where B.which; where
C.wh; which D.that; which
【考点】定语从句.
【分析】我不知道他们讨论的是哪个英雄,但是我知道他拯救了很多人的城市。
【解答】结合语境,第一句,要表达的是"我不知道他们讨论的是哪个英雄",先行词是her,英雄,所以关系词用wh.第二句,要表达的是"但是我知道他拯救了很多人的城市。",先行词是city,结合语境, 可知要用关系副词where.
故选:A。
【点评】结合题干,确定好先行词,然后确定相关的关系词,关系代词或者关系副词,即可选出正确答案。
4.(2020•鄂城区模拟)I'm interested in yu have said.( )
A.all what B.all which C.all that D.that
【考点】定语从句;关系代词.
【分析】我对你说的所有都很感兴趣.
【解答】该句是定语从句,先行词是all,表示物,且定语从句中yu have said缺宾语,则应用关系代词that或者which.但all是不定代词,只能用that.
故选:C.
【点评】本题要求学生掌握定语从句的用法,再根据先行词及定语从句即可作出选择.
5.(2019•秦淮区一模)Which f the fllwing sentences has a relative clause?( )
A.Sme peple believe that clrs can influence ur mds.
B.He studied s hard that he made great prgress in the exam.
C.Tan Dun shwed an interest in music when he was very yung.
D.Anyne wh can prvide useful infrmatin shuld cntact the plice.
【考点】定语从句.
【分析】下列哪个句子有定语从句?
【解答】根据选项,选项A中,that引导宾语从句,选项B中s…that引导结果状语从句,选项C中when引导时间状语从句,选项D中wh引导定语从句.
故选:D.
【点评】考查定语从句的用法,结合题意,给出答案.
6.(2021•毕节市)Great changes have taken place here.Everything _________ cmes int my eyes is s new t me.
A.that B.which C.wh D.whm
【考点】定语从句.
【分析】这里发生了巨大的变化。我所看到的一切对我来说都是如此的新鲜。
【解答】根据题干,可知考查定语从句,先行词是everything,关系代词只能用that。
故选:A。
【点评】熟悉定语从句的用法,结合题意,给出答案。
7.(2019秋•吉林期末)I like music ________.( )
A.that I can dance t it
B.that have great lyrics
C.which I can sing alng with
D.I can sing alng with it
【考点】定语从句.
【分析】我喜欢能跟着唱的音乐.
【解答】that I can dance t it是that引导的定语从句,that作为关系代词,指music,同时做介词t的宾语,可知t后的it是多余的,因此A项错误,故排除;that have great lyrics that引导的定语从句,that作为关系代词,指music,同时做定语从句的主语,由于先行词music是单数,所以定语从句的谓语动词用单数has,故B项是错误的;I can sing alng with it是that引导的定语从句,that作为关系代词,指music,同时做介词t的宾语,可知t后的it是多余的,因此D项错误,故排除;which I can sing alng with是which引导的定语从句,which做介词with的宾语.
故选:C。
【点评】在定语从句中,要注意关系代词在句中的成分.
8.(2021秋•玄武区期末)Which f the fllwing sentences has a defining relative clause?( )
A.Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.
B.I dn't knw wh is playing the pian next dr.
C.Dn't miss the prgramme if yu like classical music.
D.Lucy is such a lvely girl that everyne in her class lves her.
【考点】定语从句.
【分析】下列哪个句子有一个限定关系从句?
【解答】A.Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。B.I dn't knw wh is playing the pian next dr.我不知道谁在隔壁弹钢琴。C.Dn't miss the prgramme if yu like classical music.如果你喜欢古典音乐,不要错过这个节目。D.Lucy is such a lvely girl that everyne in her class lves her.露西是一个非常可爱的女孩,她班上的每个人都喜欢她。可知选项B中有wh引导的宾语从句;选项C中有if引导条件状语从句;选项D中有that引导的结果状语从句。只有选项A中有that引导的定语从句。
故选:A。
【点评】熟悉定语从句的用法,结合题意,给出答案。
9.(2020秋•铁锋区期末)﹣﹣Dr. Zhng Nanshan is a natinal superher .
﹣﹣I want t be a persn like him in the future.( )
A.that shuld we respect
B.which shuld we respect
C.whm we shuld respect
【考点】定语从句.
【分析】﹣钟南山博士是我们应该尊敬的民族英雄。
﹣我将来想成为像他那样的人。
【解答】根据题干,可知考查定语从句。先行词是superher,指人,作宾语,关系代词用wh/whm/that.排除B;定语从句用陈述语序,排除A.
故选:C。
【点评】熟悉定语从句的用法,结合题意,给出答案。
10.(2021秋•惠山区校级期中)﹣﹣﹣The yung man wh entered ur cmpany last mnth has made sme mistakes.
﹣﹣﹣Well.______.( )
A.He that climbs high falls heavily
B.He wh makes n mistakes makes nthing
C.He wh laughs last laughs best
D.He that will nt wrk shall nt eat
【考点】定语从句.
【分析】﹣﹣﹣上个月进入我们公司的那个年轻人犯了一些错误。
﹣﹣﹣嗯。不犯错误的人一事无成。
【解答】A爬得高的人摔得重,B不犯错误的人一事无成,C笑到最后的人笑得最好,C不工作的人不得吃饭,根据语境:上个月进入我们公司的那个年轻人犯了一些错误。可以推测后面说的是犯错误的事。
故选:B。
【点评】主要考查的是对句子意思的理解和对定语从句的掌握。
考点卡片
1.关系代词
【概念】
关系代词:
定语从句修饰复合句中的名词或代词,通常把这个被修饰词叫做先行词,把引导定语从句且在从句中作主语、宾语或定语的引导词叫做关系代词.
【结构及分类】
关系代词有主格,宾格和属格(所有格)之分,并有指人与指物之分.that的用法最广,that 可指人也可指物.见表:
.
【用法】
①关系代词wh
wh表示"……的(人)",在定语从句中作主语,不能省略,所引导的定语从句一般修饰指人的名词或代词,在口语或非正式语言中,可作定语从句中的宾语,相当于whm,可省略.
例:I knw the lady ____ is singing ver there.She is ur Chinese teacher.( )
A.which B.wh C.whm D.whse
分析:我认识正在那边唱歌的女士,她是我们的汉语老师.
解答:B.
分析句子得知,句子的主干是I knw the lady,后文is singing ver there是一个定语从句,来修饰先行词the lady,在定语从句中作主语,由于先行词the lady,表示人,故可以用关系词that或wh,结合选项,故选B.
点评:解答此类试题时,要充分理解上下文的语境,结合所给词,进行解答.
②关系代词whm
whm表示"……的(人)",在定语从句中作宾语,所引导的定语从句修饰指人的名词或代词,常省略.
例:Please tell me smething abut Yang Liwei.
﹣He is a great astrnaut f ________ all the Chinese are prud.( )
A.that B.whse C.wh D.whm
分析:﹣﹣请告诉我有关杨利伟的有关事情?
﹣﹣他是一个伟大的全中国人都引以为豪的宇航员.
解答:D.
that意思是"那个",引导定语从句的时候,在从句中作主语或宾语;whse意思是"谁的",引导定语从句的时候,在从句中作定语;wh意思是"谁",引导定语从句的时候,在从句中作主语;whm意思是"谁",在定语从句中作宾语.根据空格前面是介词f,因此可知在定语从句中含有一个固定结构be prud f,这时候需要一个可以作f宾语的词,这时把f提前,先行词是astrnaut,是表示人的名词,所以还是要用whm来引导定语从句,综上所述,故选D.
点评:首先要掌握定语从句的用法,然后结合具体的题目,就可以确定正确答案.
③关系代词that
that表示"……的(事物)",所引导的定语从句修饰指事物或人的名词或代词,通常在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时,常可省略.
例:I hate the dgs _____ live in the next huse.They make lud nises all night.( )
A.wh B.that C.what D.whm
分析:我讨厌住在隔壁的狗,他们整晚发出噪音.
解答:B.
wh意思是"谁"指人,在定语从句中作主语;that意思是"那个",指人或指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;what意思是"什么",不能引导定语从句;whm意思是"谁"指人,在定语从句中作宾语,根据先行词是the dgs,后面的定语从句缺少一个可以作主语的词,综上所述,故选B.
点评:首先要掌握这几个引导定语从句的词语的意思以及用法,然后结合具体的题目,就可以确定正确答案.
例:Ode t Jy(欢乐颂)is a TV play ______ many peple like.( )
A.why B.that C.wh
分析:《欢乐颂》是一部许多人喜欢的电视剧.
解答:B.
wh意思是"谁"引导定语从句的时候,在从句中作主语,先行词通常是人;that意思是"那个",引导定语从句的时候,在从句中作主语或宾语,所修饰的先行词通常是物;关系副词why引导限定性定语从句修饰先行词reasn,在定语从句中充当原因状语.根据"a TV play"一部电视剧,这是一个表示物的先行词,所以要用that来引导定语从句,综上所述,故选B.
点评:首先要掌握定语从句的用法,然后结合具体的题目,就可以确定正确答案.
④关系代词which
which表示"……的(事物)",所引导的定语从句修饰指事物的名词或代词,其中which通常在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时,常可省略.
例:My hmetwn is the place______hlds all my sweet memries.( )
A.wh B.which C.what
分析:家乡就是那个承载了我所有美好回忆的地方.
解答:B.
首先根据语境推测句意是"家乡就是那个承载了我所有美好回忆的地方.",分析句子结构,本句中的"___hlds all my sweet memries"在复合句中作定语从句,由于先行词 place为下文定语从句的逻辑主语,且指物,所以引导定语从句的关系代词用that或者which,故选B.
点评:本题考查定语从句的关系代词.做此题的关键是找准先行词,是人还是物,在从句中做什么句子成分,然后根据语法选择正确的引导词.
⑤关系代词whse
whse表示"那个(那些)人的、它(它们)的"时,所引导的定语从句修饰指人或事物的名词,其中whse在从句中作定语,修饰名词.
例:﹣Wh wn the first prize in English speech cntest?
﹣﹣The prize went t the girl _____ speech was the mst natural and fluent.( )
A.that B.wh C.whse D.不填
分析:﹣﹣在英语演讲比赛中谁获得第一名?
一等奖属于那个演讲最自然最流利的女孩.
解答: C.
首先分析句子结构,本句中的"_____ speech was the mst natural and fluent"在复合句中作定语从句,由于先行词是 the girl指人,且在定语从句中作定语,所以用关系代词whse引导定语从句,指谁的,表所属关系.故选C.
点评:本题考查定语从句的关系代词.首先要掌握几个关系代词引导定语从句的用法,然后结合具体的语句中的先行词,以及在定语从句作的成分,就可以做出正确选择.
【易混淆点】
(1)that和which都指事物时,一般可以通用.但在下列情况下多用that,不用which:
①先行词为all,everything,nthing,smething,anything,much,little,few,nne,the ne等时.例:
Say all (that) yu knw. 把你知道的全部讲出来.
Is there anything (that) I can d fr yu nw? 现在我能为你做点儿什么吗?
I mean the ne that was bught yesterday. 我指的是昨天买的那个.
②先行词为序数词或被序数词(含last)修饰时.如:
This is the first film (that) I have seen since I came here. 这是我到这里以来看的第一部电影.
The last place (that) they visited was the Summer Palace. 他们最后参观的地方是颐和园.
③先行词被形容词的最高级或the very,the nly等修饰时.如:
This is the biggest apple (that) I have ever eaten. 这是我吃到的苹果中最大的一个.
She is the very thief (that) the plice are lking fr. 她就是警方正在寻找的那个小偷.
Mary is the nly friend (that) I have in Australia. 玛丽是我在澳大利亚唯一的朋友.
④先行词中既有人又有物时.如:
We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schls that we had visited. 我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下了深刻的印象.
⑤先行词在主句中作表语,或关系代词在从句中作表语时.如:
This is a dictinary that will help yu a lt. 这是一本对你很有帮助的字典.
Dn't cheat me. I'm n lnger the little by that I was ten years ag. 别骗我了,我再也不是十年前的那个小男孩了.
(2)在下列情况下用which,而不用that:
①关系代词前有介词时. 如:
This is the huse in which I lived ten years ag. 这就是我十年前住过的房子.
②先行词本身是that时.如:
What was that which he said? 3他说了些什么?
③在以wh,which开头的句子中多用that.
【解题方法点拨】
①结合具体的语句中的先行词,以及在定语从句作的成分确定使用哪个关系代词.如果缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语用关系代词,如果缺少状语则用关系副词.
②先行词本身是that时,避免重复用which,而不用that.
【中考命题方向】
中考英语试题常考查关系代词的用法,即关系代词wh、whm、that、whse、which的用法及其它们之间的区别是考查的重点.
2.现在进行时
【概念】
(1)现在进行时
现在进行时表示正在进行或正在发生的动作或状态;也表示当前一段时间内一直从事的动作.
(2)概念点拨
现在:动作发生的时间是"现在".
进行性:动作目前的状态是"正在进行中".
持续性:当前一段时间内持续进行的动作.
【结构】
(1)现在进行时的构成:主语+be+动词ing〔现在分词〕形式.
①第一人称+am+ding+sth,I am ding my hmewrk.
②第二人称+are+ding +sth,We are waiting fr yu.
③第三人称+is+ding+sth,Mr. Green is writing anther nvel.
(2)现在分词变化规则:
①直接+ ing.
②去e+ing.
③重读闭音节,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写辅音字母+ing.
④特殊变化:die﹣dying,lie﹣lying,tie﹣tying.
⑤不规则变化.
【用法】
(1)表示现在正在进行的动作或发生的事.
例:Lk! The student in frnt yu ______ with her friends happily.( )
A. is talking B. are talking C. is talk D. are talk
分析:看,你前面的学生正跟她的朋友开心地聊天.
解答:A,由Lk!一词可知此处应该使用现在进行时态,又主语为 The student 为单数,因此be动词用is.故选A.
点评:熟练掌握现在进行时态与主语单复数是答题要领.
(2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事.
例:Jan can't jin us.She fr the lessn she will have next week.
A. prepares B. will prepare C. is preparing D. prepared
分析:琼不能加入我们,她正在准备下周要上的课.
解答:C.
现在进行时表示此时此刻正在进行的动作,其构成是:am/is/are+现在分词.根据"Jan can't jin us."琼不能加入我们,结合给出的四个选项,因此可知这句话的意思是"琼不能加入我们,她正在准备下周要上的课."故选C.
点评:首先要掌握这个句子的意思,然后结合具体的题目,就可以确定正确答案.
(3)表示某个按最近的计划或安排将要进行的动作,或即将开始/结束的动作.常用的这类的词有:g,leave,cme,arrive,land,meet,mve,return,start,stay,stp,d,dine,give,have,pay,jin,punish,spend,sleep,take,change,fly,wrk,wear,see,lunch,play等.
例:﹣Jack,I'm wrried.Yu dn't knw the way.
﹣Dn't wrry,mum.Mr.Green ________ me at the airprt.( )
A. met B. was meeting C. is meeting D. has met
分析:﹣﹣杰克,我很担心,你不知道路.
﹣﹣别担心,妈妈.格林先生在机场接我.
解答:C.
根据Mr.Green ________ me at the airprt.可知一些"位移动词"的现在进行时可以表将来的动作.常见的有leave,g,cme等,这里句子说的是现在的情况,应该用现在进行时,现在进行时的构成be+Ving.选项B是过去进行时.故选C.
点评:首先要掌握这个句子的意思,然后结合具体的题目,就可以确定正确答案.
(4)动作动词的进行时与always,frever,cntinually,cnstantly等连用,表示重复的动作,这种动作可能使人感到不满、厌倦或觉得不合情理,有时表示赞赏、满意.
例:
Tm is always cming late fr class.汤姆上课总是迟到.
He's cnstantly changing his mind.他老是改变主意.
The man is always basting.那人老爱吹牛.
The students are making prgress cnstantly.学生们在不断进步.
【易混淆点】
现在进行时与一般现在时:
(1)这两个时态都与现在有关,现在进行时指现在此刻或现在这一时期内正在进行的动作,强调暂时性、不稳定性.而一般现在时表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作或现在的状态,强调长期性、稳定性.
She is ging t schl nw.(现在此刻正在发生的动作)
She usually ges t schl at seven 'clck.(经常性、习惯性动作)
(2)现在进行时最容易出现错误的地方在动词的现在分词形式,我们在复习的时候要特别注意不规则动词的变化形式.
【解题方法点拨】
①根据时间状语确定时态,如:nw,at the mment.
②根据关键词判断时态,如:lk, listen.
③根据语境判断句子时态.
【中考命题方向】
对于现在进行时的考查,多以单选、句型转换、语法填空或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力.在考试中,现在分词的构成是易错的地方,也是考试的重点部分.在平时训练中应该应注重现在分词构成的细节问题.
3.定语从句
【概念】
(1)定语从句
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种,初中只要求掌握限定性定语从句.
(2)先行词
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词.定语从句必须放在先行词之后.
(3)关联词
引导定语从句的词被称为关联词.关联词根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词.
(4)关系代词和关系副词
①关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来.关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分.关系代词在定语从句中可以做主语,宾语,定语等,关系副词在定语从句中作状语.
②常见的关系代词有wh,whm,whse,which,that,as等.这些关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等.关系代词在定语从句中起到代替先行词、充当句子成分、连接先行词与定语从句的作用.
③常见的关系副词有where,when,why,that等.这些关系副词在定语从句中作状语.
(5)限制性定语从句
根据定语从句与先行词之间的紧密程度,可以将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句.限制性定语从句用来修饰和限定先行词,使该词的含义更具体,更明确.限制性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意就不完整.
【关系代词和关系副词的功能】
(1)关系代词的功能:关系代词在定语从句中可以做主语,宾语,定语等.
①作主语.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致.例如:
例:﹣I really want t relax myself.Culd we see City Danger tnight?
﹣Sure!The actr _______ a her used t be a schlteacher.I like him very much.( )
A.wh play B.which plays
C.wh plays D.that play
分析:﹣﹣我真的想放松一下自己,今晚我们可以去看《危险城市》吗?
﹣﹣当然,那个扮演英雄的人过去是一名老师,我非常喜欢他.
解答:C.首先分析句子结构,本句中的"_______ a her"在复合句中作定语从句,由于先行词the actr 为下文定语从句的逻辑主语,且指人,所以引导定语从句的关系代词用that或者wh,另外定语从句的谓语动词由先行词决定,先行词the actr是单数名词,且从句表述的是一般性的事实,所以用一般现在时,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,所以选C.
点评:本题考查定语从句的关系代词.做此题的关键是找准先行词,是人还是物,在从句中做什么句子成分,然后根据语法选择正确的引导词.
②作宾语.关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,可以省略.例如:
He is the man (that) I met at the meeting last weekend.
The bk (which) my teacher gave me is called"Gne With the Wind".
③作定语.关系代词whse在定语从句中作定语.例如:
The by whse father is a teacher studies very hard.
What's the name f the man whse brther is a directr?
(2)关系副词的功能:关系副词在定语从句中作状语.
作状语.做地点状语用where,做时间状语用when.例如:
This is the huse where my father was brn.
I'll never frget the day when I first came t Beijing.
【用法】
(1)关系代词的具体用法.
①wh 指人,在定语从句中作主语.例如:
The man wh is mending the machine has been retired.
The by wh is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
②whm指人,在定语从句中作宾语,可以用wh代替,也可以省略.例如:
D yu knw the yung man wh/whm we met at the library?
This is the pliceman wh/whm they were talking abut yesterday.
③whse 指人,在定语从句中作定语.例如:
I like the by whse mther is an actr.
I knw the girl whse brther wn the first prize.
④which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语,做宾语时可以省略.例如:
A dictinary is a bk which gives the meaning f wrds.
The cmputer game which he is playing is his favrite.
⑤that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,做宾语时可以省略.例如:
Did yu find the ntebk (that) Jim had given me fr my birthday?
I've read the newspaper that carries the imprtant news.
Wh is the persn that is reading the newspaper ver there?
(2)关系副词的具体用法
①when 指时间,在定语从句中作状语.例如:
I'll never frget the time when we wrked n the farm.
He arrived in Beijing n the day when I left.
②where 指地点,在定语从句中作状语.例如:
This is the huse where we lived last year.
The factry where his father wrks is in the east f the city.
【易混淆点】
(1)只能使用that,不用which 的情况:
①先行词是all,few,little,nthing,everything,anything 等不定代词时.例如:
All that he said is right.
②先行词被nly,n,any,all,等词修饰时.例如:
This is the nly ne f these bks that is wrth reading.
③先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词.例如:
He was the secnd (persn) that tld me the secret.
④先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词.
This is the best mvie (that) I have seen this year.
⑤先行词既包括人又包括物时.例如:
They always like t talk abut the man and the things that they see n the rad.
(2)只能用which,不用that 的情况:
①在非限制性定语从中.例如:
The flight was put ff,which was nt gd news.
②定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时.例如:
The thing abut which he has tld us is f great imprtance.
(3)关系代词 whm,which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whm 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:
That was the rm in which we had lived fr ten years.
=That was the rm which we had lived in fr ten years.
【解题方法点拨】
(1)分析先行词:先行词分为人,物,人和物,无先行词四种情况.
①人作为先行词,可供选择的关系词有:wh(主宾表),whm(宾表),whse(定),that(主宾表).
②物作为先行词,可供选择的关系词有:that(主宾表),which(主宾表),whse(定),when(状),why(状),where(状).
③人和物共同做先行词时,关系词只能用that.
④无先行词,即指代一个句子时,关系词可用的有as,which.
(2)分析从句成分
分析从句成分是解决定语从句试题的最为重要的一个步骤.分析从句成分时以动词为中心,动作发出者为主语,动词承受者为宾语,连系动词之后为表语.句子是否有主语,直接看动词之前有没有动作的发出者,动词有没有宾语,一方面要考虑动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,不及物动词不需要宾语,及物动词必须跟宾语.分析成分之后,我们遵循"缺啥补啥"的原则.
(3)考虑特殊情况
1.只用that的情况:
①先行词为不定代词all,anything,nthing…
②先行词有最高级修饰,有序数词修饰,
③先行词有nly,very,any等词修饰.
2.只用which而不用 that的情况:
①引导非限制性定语从句,
②代表整个主句的意思,
③介词+关系代词.
【中考命题方向】
定语从句是初中英语中一个比较重要的语法项目,同时它也是各地中考英语的一个常考考点.综观近年来各地的中考英语试题,定语从句的主要考点集中在两个方面:一是考查指物的关系代词的用法,二是考查指人的关系代词的用法.另外,它有时也会涉及一些其他的方面,但相对考得比较少.
限定性
指人
非限定性
指物
限定性
指物
主 格
wh/that
which
that
宾 格
whm/that
which
that
属 格
whse
f which/whse
f which/whse
相关试卷
这是一份2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题(选择题):状语从句(含答案),共9页。
这是一份2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题(选择题):主谓一致(含答案),共10页。
这是一份2022年中考英语复习之挑战压轴题(选择题):省略句(含答案),共8页。