2021届 高考英语复习之真题阅读词块与阅读练习（四十九）学案

2021高考英语复习之真题阅读词块与阅读练习（四十九）

2019全国三卷（C篇）

一：真题试做

 Before the 1830s,most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.

The trend, then, was toward the "penny paper"— a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.

This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy)to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830,but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer's office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny—usually two or three cents was charged —and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase "penny paper " caught the public's fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.

This new trend of newspapers for "the man on the street" did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企业)were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.

28.Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?

A. Academic.  B. Unattractive.   C. Inexpensive.  D. Confidential.

29.What did street sales mean to newspapers?

A. They would be priced higher.    B. They would disappear from cities.

C. They could have more readers.    D. They could regain public trust.

30.Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?

A. Local politicians.      B. Common people.

C. Young publishers.      D. Rich businessmen.

31.What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?

A. It was a difficult process.     B. It was a temporary success.

C. It was a robbery of the poor.    D. It was a disaster for printers.

参考答案：BCBA

二：词块梳理

1：annual

英[ˈænjuəl] 美[ˈænjuəl]

adj. 每年的；一年一次的；全年的

n. 年报，年刊；一年生植物

变形

复数：annuals

双语例句

1.Gathered here tonight at this annual ceremony we have a whole constellation of film stars.

今晚的年会上聚集了一大批电影明星.

2.The grandfather had assembled all the members of the family for the annual picnic.

祖父把一家人聚在一起进行一年一度的野餐.

3.Following discussion, the annual report was accepted unanimously.

经过讨论, 年度报告获一致通过.

2：subscription

英[səbˈskrɪpʃn] 美[səbˈskrɪpʃn]

n. （报刊等的）订阅费；捐款；（俱乐部的）会员费；捐助

变形

复数：subscriptions

双语例句

1.I sent in a subscription to that magazine. It's put out every week.

我预订了这种杂志, 它每周出一次.

2.I want to keep up my subscription to that magazine.

我将继续订阅那本杂志.

3.How will you alter your word choice to increase your subscription rate?

您将如何改变你的话选择增加您的订阅率?

3：amount

英[əˈmaʊnt] 美[əˈmaʊnt]

n. 金额；数量，数额；程度

v. 共计

变形

复数：amounts

双语例句

1.There is a lot of concern over the amount of herbicides and pesticides used in farming.

人们对农业上灭草剂和杀虫剂的用量非常担忧.

2.There's no stipulation as to the amount you can invest.

没有关于投资额的规定.

3.The amount of force needed is inversely proportional to the rigidity of the material.

需要的力度与材料的硬度成反比.

4：forbid

英[fəˈbɪd] 美[fərˈbɪd]

v. 禁止；妨碍

变形

过去分词：forbidden

现在分词：forbidding

过去式：forbade

第三人称单数：forbids

双语例句

1.Abide operation regulation, forbid peccant operation.

遵守操作规程, 严禁违章操作.

2.We must protect the natural woods here, and strictly forbid the cutting down of trees.

我们要保护这一带的天然林, 严禁乱砍滥伐!

3.God forbid that you die in a freak accident.

但愿你不会死于一场奇怪的事故.

5：citizen

英[ˈsɪtɪzn] 美[ˈsɪtɪzn]

n. 公民；城镇居民

变形

复数：citizens

双语例句

1.Also, a foreign student cannot displace am an American sentense citizen a job.

同样的, 一个外国学生也不可能换一个美国市民的工作.

2.Athens had turned against its most brilliant and virtuous citizen.

雅典把矛头指向其最有才有德的人.

3.Citizen: Yes. Take the No.202 bus.

市民: 乘202路公共汽车.

6：accordingly

英[əˈkɔːdɪŋli] 美[əˈkɔːrdɪŋli]

adv. 因此；照着，相应地

双语例句

1.You are requested to amend the L accordingly so that we can execute our contract smoothly.

请贵方根据我方要求修改信用证以便我们顺利地执行合同.

2.Accordingly, economy of compendious market of differentiate and and intellectual economy, have important real sense undoubtedly.

因此, 简明地辨析市场经济和知识经济, 无疑具有重要的现实意义.

3.Accordingly, gregarious website also is known as the greatest Internet application after afterwards searches engine.

因此, 社交网站也被誉为继搜索引擎之后最伟大的互联网应用.

7：politics

英[ˈpɒlətɪks] 美[ˈpɑːlətɪks]

n. 政治；权术；政治信仰；政治学；手腕

双语例句

1.Don't mention politics or we'll be here until kingdom come.

咱们别谈政治吧,否则一谈就没完没了.

2.He finds politics a dirty game, and only enters them reluctantly because he knows that at the very least he and his friends are better than the present gang.

他发现政治是一种肮脏的把戏, 所以只是出于不得已才参与政治,这是因为他知道,最起码他和自己的朋友们比这帮人要强得多.

3.You're an ambitious man. You're not in politics for your health — that I know.

你野心勃勃, 想在政治上混出名堂来——这一点我是知道的.

8：appeal

英[əˈpiːl] 美[əˈpiːl]

v. 呼吁，恳请；上诉，申诉；对…有吸引力；劝说

n. 呼吁，恳求；募捐；上诉，申诉；吸引力，感染力；打动

变形

过去分词：appealed

现在分词：appealing

过去式：appealed

复数：appeals

第三人称单数：appeals

双语例句

1.I appeal to you to vote against him.

我想请你投他的反对票.

2.She will appeal against the judge's decision.

她要对判决提出上诉.

3.The principal made another vain appeal for better equipment in the school laboratory.

校长又一次请求增加学校实验设备,但又是一场空.

9：dull

英[dʌl] 美[dʌl]

adj. 枯燥无味的；晦暗的；多云的；（声音）不清晰的；(感觉)不明显的；（迟）钝的；不景气的

v. 变迟钝；变暗淡；变麻木

变形

副词：dully

过去分词：dulled

比较级：duller

最高级：dullest

现在分词：dulling

名词：dullness

过去式：dulled

第三人称单数：dulls

双语例句

1.These houses look exactly like each other, which makes the street look very dull.

这些房屋的外观极为相似, 使整条街道显得十分呆板.

2.His parents were dull and inarticulate.

他的父母亲头脑愚钝又不善说话.

3.Yesterday's programme was rather dull.

昨天的节目比较单调.

10：visually

英[ˈvɪzjʊəli] 美[ˈvɪʒwəli]

adv. 视觉上；外表上；看得见地；形象化地

变形

形容词：visual

双语例句

1.The placement of each knob visually suggests which burner it will turn on.

每个旋钮的位置都在视觉上清晰地显示出其控制的火眼.

2.The main purpose of the arts industry is to create products that communicate visually.

在印刷业的主要目的是发明产品视觉沟通.

3.Visually communicate function and behavior.

将功能与行为视觉化.

11：available

英[əˈveɪləbl] 美[əˈveɪləbl]

adj. 可用的，可获得的；有空的

变形

名词：availability

双语例句

1.All the evidence of the crime is available.

罪证俱在.

2.This book is not available here.

这里没有这本书.

3.These tickets are available for one month.

这些票有效期一个月.

12：purchase

英[ˈpɜːtʃəs] 美[ˈpɜːrtʃəs]

n. 购买（物）；抓紧；支点

v. 购买

变形

过去分词：purchased

现在分词：purchasing

过去式：purchased

第三人称单数：purchases

双语例句

1.He gave his sonsome money for the purchase of his school books.

他给他儿子一些钱买课本.

2.The saleslady compacted a neat package out of my wife's purchase.

那位女售货员把我妻子买的东西齐齐整整包装成一个包裹.

3.He deposited a small amount of money toward the purchase of the car.

他为买这辆汽车先付了少量订金.

13：charge

英[tʃɑːdʒ] 美[tʃɑːrdʒ]

v. 收费；把…记在账上；指控，谴责；猛冲；赋予…职责；给…充电

n. 收费；指控；负责，管理；被照管的人；电荷；火药

变形

过去分词：charged

现在分词：charging

过去式：charged

复数：charges

第三人称单数：charges

双语例句

1.During that time, she so gained my aunt's confidence that she was put in charge of the domestic staff.

在这期间, 她得到了我姑姑如此的信任,结果被委任为家仆的负责人.

2.He established an alibi to the charge of murder.

他证实在谋杀案发生时他不在场.

3.Sylvia does not get on with the supervisor and the danger is that he will trump up some charge to discredit her.

西尔维亚与主管人相处得不好,因而害怕他会捏造一些罪名使她名誉扫地.

三：阅读训练

In 2011, Nancy Ballard went for a routine check-up that turned into something extraordinary. In fact, she was carrying a painting of a plant she’d done when she arrived at her doctor’s San Francisco office. “It would be great if we had artworks like that for our chemotherapy (化疗) rooms,” the nurse said. Ballard asked to see one.

She was shocked by what she found. The walls were dull and bare, and the paint was chipping(剥落). It was a depressing room for a depressing routine—patients were restricted to chemo drips for perhaps several hours, often with nothing to look at other than those sad walls. Ballard didn’t have cancer herself, but she could sympathize with the patients. “I couldn’t imagine how anyone could even think about getting healthy in a room like that,” she says. As it happened, Ballard’s physician, Stephen Hufford, was ill with cancer himself, so finding time to decorate the rooms was low on his to-do list. So Ballard made it her mission to brighten up the place.

She started by e-mailing 20 local designers. “I wrote, ‘You don’t know me. But my heart hurts after seeing these rooms,’” she remembers. She then asked whether they would donate their time and money to transforming just one of Dr. Hufford’s rooms each.

As it happened, six of them wrote back almost immediately. Six rooms got new paint, light fixtures, artworks, and furniture. Dr. Hufford was delighted. “All the patients feel relieved of the pain because of it,” he said. He even noted that his own tone of voice was different in the rooms and that he was better able to connect with his patients.

Ballard was so encouraged by the patients’ reactions that she created a non-profit, Rooms That Rock 4 Chemo, to raise money and decorate more spaces. Since then, she has worked on 20 projects, including one in Pennsylvania. “We were in Philadelphia for a ribbon-cutting, and a woman was there on her third battle with cancer,” says Ballard. “When she saw what we’d done, she said, ‘I’m gonna beat it this time. I thought I wasn’t going to, but now I know I’m gonna beat it.’”

1.What made Ballard decide to help decorate the chemotherapy rooms?

A.Her sympathy for cancer patients.

B.Her passion for room decoration.

C.The good relationship with Hufford.

D.The request of a nurse in San Francisco.

2.What outcome does Ballard’s effort bring about?

A.More hospitals will be built.   

B.Hufford cured more patients.

C.The cancer patients were feeling better. 

D.Hufford’s chemotherapy rooms got good fame.

3.Which words best describe Nancy Ballard?

A.Loving and devoted.     B.Talented and energetic.

C.Rich and generous.      D.Ambitious and creative.

4.Which can be a suitable title for the passage?

A.Design for Hope      B.The Battle against Cancer

C.Donation to Patients     D.Decoration in Hospital

答案　

[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。2011年,南希·巴拉德去做了一次例行检查,结果却变成了一件非同寻常的事。她发现化疗室很简陋,影响癌症患者化疗的心情。她努力筹集资金帮助装修化疗室,使病人鼓起生活的勇气。

1.A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的 Ballard didn’t have cancer herself, but she could sympathize with the patients.以及 So Ballard made it her mission to brighten up the place.可知,巴拉德本人没有患癌症,但她同情病人,因此,巴拉德的使命是让这个地方焕然一新。故选A。

2.C　细节理解题。根据第四段中Six rooms got new paint, light fixtures, artworks, and furniture. Dr. Hufford was delighted. “All the patients feel relieved of the pain because of it,” he said. 可知,六个房间有新油漆、灯具、艺术品和家具,所有的病人都感到疼痛减轻了。故选C。

3.A　推理判断题。根据全文内容可知, Nancy Ballard热心肠,帮助筹集资金装修化疗室,使病人鼓起生活的勇气。故选A。

4.A　主旨大意题。根据全文可知, Nancy Ballard帮助癌症患者鼓起坚强活下去的勇气,通过募捐集资方式重新设计化疗室。故选A。