考点9 非谓语动词 制胜2022年高考英语一轮复习考点讲练学案

制胜2022年高考英语一轮复习考点讲练

考点9 非谓语动词

    非谓语动词一直是高考的考查重点，主要包括：不定式、分词（现在分词和过去分词）、动名词。它们可以在句中充当主语、宾语、状语等。其中不定式、现在分词及动名词形式多样，结构复杂，内涵丰富，功能较多，最能体现英语独特的形式特征。命题者常透过非谓语动词的一些最基本的用法，巧妙地将考查要点进行情景化、复杂化处理，加大了考生对题干的理解难度。预测在未来的高考试题中，题目设置的角度也会呈现出多样化趋势，尤以非谓语动词间的相互干扰为重点。

1. (2021年全国甲卷·64)After ________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!

答案：spending

解析：考查非谓语动词。在介词after后用动名词，故填spending。

2. (2021年全国乙卷·70)Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim ________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.

答案：to have

解析：考查非谓语动词。aim后常接不定式作宾语，aimto do sth旨在做某事。

3. (2020年全国Ⅰ卷·66) Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4  ________(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.

答案：to find

解析：to find考查非谓语动词。此处为use sth to do sth结构，意为“用某物做某事”，不定式做目的状语，故填to find。

4. (2015卷I·68) Yangshuo is really beautiful. A study of travelers ___________ (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.

答案：conducted

解析：考查非谓语动词。因句中已有谓语动词names(提名), 所以conduct应为非谓语动词;  又由conduct a study(进行研究)可知, a study与conduct是被动关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。

5. (2021年全国甲卷)Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others.

答案：talk→talking  

解析：因dislike后接动词-ing形式。

6. （2020·新课标I卷）I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy to cook.

答案：frying→fried

解析：句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作定语，故将frying改为fried。

一、单句语法填空

1.  (2021年全国甲卷·63) It is possible _________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
2. (2021年全国乙卷·67)Minimize the impact of ________(visit) the place.
3. (2021年全国新高考1卷·60)Strange, isn’t it? But that's how nature is -always leaving us         (astonish).
4. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·63)They represent the earth __________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
5. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·68)They are easy _________ (care) for and make great presents.
6. (2020年全国Ⅲ卷·67) The next morning he hired a boat and set out _______ (find) the well-known painter.
7. (2020年全国Ⅲ卷·69)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds ________________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
8. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷·64) Modern methods of tracking polar bear  populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___________(perform) consistently over a large area.
9. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷·67) Scientists have responded by ________ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements.
10. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷·61) A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ______ (be) Britain’s  oldest  full-time employee —still working 40 hours a week.
11. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷·65) Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans ______ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
12. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷·68) When we got a call _______ (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.
13. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷·62) On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take _______ (get) there.
14. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷·70) On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm, _________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
15. (2018年全国Ⅰ卷·62) You don’t have to run fast or for long _______ (see) the benefit.
16. (2018年全国Ⅰ卷·63) You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _______(die) early by running.
17. (2018年全国Ⅱ卷·64) The  government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___________ (improve) water quality.
18. (2018年全国Ⅱ卷·70) China’s  approach to protecting its environment while _______(feed) its  citizens  “offers  useful  lessons  for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.
19. (2018年全国Ⅲ卷·64) I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid _________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged.
20. (2018年全国Ⅲ卷·70) Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ______ (stay) and watch.
21. (2017全国Ⅰ卷·63) Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required  __________(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
22. (2017全国Ⅱ卷·63) This included digging up the road,  ________(lay) the track and then building a strong roof…
23. (2017全国Ⅲ卷·61) But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term _________(rest).

二、单句短文改错

1. （2020·新课标I卷）My mom told me how to preparing it.
2. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷) I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.
3. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷) All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.
4. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷) I want my cafe have a special theme such as “Tang Dynasty”.
5. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷) If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.
6. (2018年全国Ⅰ卷) My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.
7. (2018年全国Ⅱ卷) As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me.
8. (2018年全国Ⅲ卷) Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.
9. (2018年全国Ⅲ卷) Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious.
10. (2016全国Ⅱ卷) We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.

一、单句语法填空

1. to walk 考查非谓语动词。因It is possible to do sth为固定搭配，意为“做某事是可能的”。
2. visiting  考查非谓语动词。在介词of后用动名词，故填visiting。
3. astonished 考查非谓语动词。根据句意此句考察leave sb+adj 使某人怎样，需要需填过去分词astonished作宾语补足语。
4. coming考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 句中已有谓语动词represent, 故come作为非谓语动词; 又因此处为动名词的复合结构与best wishes并列作represent的宾语，其逻辑主语the earth与come在逻辑上存在主谓关系，故用动词ing形式表主动关系。
5. to care考查非谓语动词。此处为“主语+be+adj.+to do”结构, 用动词不定式结构表被动。
6. to find考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
7. surrounding考查非谓语动词。作动词saw的宾语补足语，因clouds和surround在逻辑上存在主谓关系，故用surrounding。且前文的rising也有提示。
8. to perform考查非谓语动词。因句中已有谓语are expensive(系动词加表语构成谓语), 动词perform应为非谓语动词; 在形容词后作状语，只能用动词不定式，故填to perform。
9. noting考查非谓语动词。在介词后用动名词，故填noting。
10. being考查非谓语动词。介词for后应接动名词作宾语，故填being。
11. to retire考查非谓语动词。名词plan后接不定式作后置定语，表示“……的计划”，故填to retire。
12. saying考查非谓语动词。因call与say是主动关系，故此处应用现在分词saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，故填saying。
13. to get考查非谓语动词。此处为it takes/took + 时间 + to do sth 固定句型，表示“花费时间做某事”。其中，it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。
14. listening考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语invite，故listen应作为非谓语动词；又由we与listen在逻辑上存在着主动关系，故用现在分词形式作状语。
15. to see考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语run，故see应为非谓语动词；表示目的，用动词不定式to see。
16. dying考查非谓语动词。 在介词后用动名词或名词。有副词early修饰，所以只能用动名词dying。
17. to improve考查非谓语动词。不定式作目的状语，故用to improve。
18. feeding考查非谓语动词。因feed与其逻辑主语China之间是主动关系，故用现在分词，构成“连词+现在分词”结构。
19. looking考查非谓语动词。因avoid后习惯上用动名词作宾语，即avoid doing sth，意为“避免做某事”，故填looking。
20. to stay考查非谓语动词。因allow sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”。
21. to process考查非谓语动词。由require sb to do sth可知，用不定式作主补。
22. laying 考查非谓语动词。与前面的digging 及后面的and then building为并列关系，一起作included的宾语；根据“并列一致”可知，也应用-ing形式, 故填laying (铺)。
23. resting考查非谓语动词。由spend…doing sth.可知应用动名词。

二、单句短文改错

1. prepare→prepare 据题意应为how to do sth 如何做某事

2.  interesting→ interested主语是I,  表示“对……感兴趣”,  故把interesting改为interested。

3. say→saying本句中已有谓语cheered，故say应作为非谓语动词；又因say与主语players是主动关系，故把say改为saying。

4. 在have前加to 因want sb/sth to do sth为固定搭配，意味“想要某人/某物做某事”，故在have前加to。

5. manage→managing因succeed in doing sth. 为固定搭配,  意为“成功做某事”，故把manage 改为managing。

6. sell→selling介词后要用动词的-ing形式作宾语。

7. watching→watch表示“请求做某事”是ask to do sth。

8.wait→waiting 因句中已有谓语(was…)，动词wait应为非谓语动词，又因Everyone与wait是主动关系，故用-ing形式作伴随状语。

9. take前加to固定搭配be eager to do sth，意为“渴望做某事”。故take前加to。

10. take→taking 与前面的staying为并列，一起作介词between的宾语，故也用动名词形式。