2022届高考英语二轮复习专项语法课件：阅读理解-主旨大意习题

这是一份2022届高考英语二轮复习专项语法课件：阅读理解-主旨大意习题，共14页。

Grandparents wh help ut ccasinally with childcare in their cmmunity tend t live lnger than senirs wh d nt care fr ther peple, accrding t a study frm Berlin, Germany. “Having n cntact with grandchildren at all can negatively impact grandparents' health. This link culd be deeply rted in ur evlutinary past when help with childcare was imprtant fr the survival f the human species，” said Snja Hilbrand, ne f the researchers. The findings are drawn frm data n mre than 500 peple ver age 70. Overall, after accunting fr grandparents' age and general state f health, the risk f dying ver a 20­year perid was ne third lwer fr grandparents wh cared fr their grandchildren, cmpared with grandparents wh prvided n childcare. Caregiving was assciated with a lnger life even when the care receiver wasn't a relative. Half f all childless senirs wh prvided supprt t friends r neighbrs lived fr seven years after the study began, while nn-­helpers lived fr fur years n average. “Caregiving may give caregivers a purpse f life because they may feel useful fr thers and sciety. Caregiving may be thught als as an activity that keeps caregivers physically and mentally active，” said Prfessr Brun Arpin. Arpin nted, hwever, that caregiving is nt the nly activity that can imprve health and that t many caring respnsibilities can take away frm ther beneficial activities like wrking, being in scial clubs, r vlunteering. “Children shuld take int accunt their parents' needs, willingness, and desires and agree with them n the timing and amunt f childcare，” he suggested. “It is very imprtant that every individual decides fr himself/herself, what ‘prper amunts f help’ means，” Hilbrand said, adding, “As lng as yu d nt feel stressed abut the intensity (强度) f help yu prvide yu may be ding smething gd fr thers as well as fr yurself.”
1．What is the caregiving study based n? A．Human evlutinary histry. B．Demand f mdern sciety. C．Scial cntact between relatives. D．Data n many elderly peple. 2．In Arpin's pinin, childcare ________. A．is sure t keep ld peple away frm illnesses B．allws ld peple t live a mre meaningful life C．creates mre jb pprtunities fr ld peple D．makes scial activities inaccessible t ld peple 3．What des the underlined part “take int accunt” in Paragraph 6 prbably mean? A．Limit.  B．Ignre. C．Favr.    D．Cnsider.  4．What des the last paragraph tell us? A．Grandparents can d anything in their wn interests. B．Grandparents shuld share mre scial respnsibilities. C．Prper amunts f childcare d gd t grandparents. D．Caregiving guarantees every grandparent a lnger life. 
1. 解析：D 推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句The findings are drawn frm data n mre than 500 peple ver age 70.可知，这一发现是从对500多个70岁以上的老人的数据分析得来的。故选D项。2. 解析：B 推理判断题。根据题干中的Arpin's pinin定位至文章第五段中的“Caregiving may give caregivers a purpse f life because they may feel useful fr thers and sciety...”可知，看护小孩让看护人觉得生活有了目的，因为他们觉得自己对他人和社会是有用的，也就是说，看护小孩可以使他们感觉生活得有意义。故选B项。3. 解析：D 词义猜测题。根据上文中t many caring respnsibilities can take away frm ther beneficial activities及后面的“... their parents' needs, willingness, and desires and agree with them n the timing and amunt f childcare，”可知，过多的照看责任会使老人无法从事其他有意义的活动，所以孩子应考虑老人的需求、意愿和渴求，同意他们照顾孩子的时间长度和强度的选择。由此可猜测，take int accunt意为“考虑”，与cnsider意义相近。故选D项。4. 解析：C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“As lng as yu d nt feel stressed abut the intensity f help yu prvide yu may be ding smething gd fr thers as well as fr yurself.”可知，只要你帮忙的强度不会让你感到有压力，这对他人、对你自己都是有好处的。由此可知，适当地照顾小孩对祖父母有好处。故选C项。 
Benjamin West, the father f American painting, shwed his talent fr art when he was nly six years f age. But he did nt knw abut brushes befre a visitr tld him he needed ne. In thse days, a brush was made frm camel’s hair. There were n camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair wuld wrk instead. He cut sme fur frm the family cat t make a brush. The brush did nt last lng. Sn Benjamin needed mre fur. Befre lng, the cat began t lk ragged(蓬乱).His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was frced t admit what he had been ding. The cat’s lt was abut t imprve. That year, ne f Benjamin’s cusins, Mr. Penningtn, came t visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. When he went hme, he sent Benjamin a bx f paint and sme brushes. He als sent six engravings(版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.  In 1747,when Benjamin was nine years ld, Mr. Penningtn returned fr anther visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had dne with his gift. He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the by back t Philadelphia fr a visit. In the city, Mr. Penningtn gave Benjamin materials fr creating il paintings. The by began a landscape(风景) painting. William Williams, a well-knwn painter, came t see him wrk. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him tw classic bks n painting t take hme. The bks were lng and dull. Benjamin culd read nly a little, having been a pr student. But he later said, "Thse tw bks were my cmpanins by day, and under my pillw at night. "While it is likely that he understd very little f the bks, they were his intrductin t classical paintings. The nine-year-ld by decided then that he wuld be an artist.
1.What is the text mainly abut? A. Benjamin’s visit t Philadelphia. B. Williams’ influence n Benjamin. C. The beginning f Benjamin’s life as an artist. D. The friendship between Benjamin and Penningtn. 2.What des the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest? A. The cat wuld be clsely watched. B. The cat wuld get sme medical care. C. Benjamin wuld leave his hme shrtly. D. Benjamin wuld have real brushes sn. 3.What did Penningtn d t help Benjamin develp his talent? A. He tk him t see painting exhibitins. B. He prvided him with painting materials. C. He sent him t a schl in Philadelphia. D. He taught him hw t make engravings. 4.Williams’ tw bks helped Benjamin t______.  A. master the use f paints  B. appreciate landscape paintings C. get t knw ther painters D. make up his mind t be a painter
1. C  主旨大意题。本文介绍了本杰明·韦斯特在六岁到九岁时对绘画的热爱,他所面临的问题以及大艺术家威廉·威廉姆斯对他的影响及帮助,引导着他走上了艺术家的道路。故选C项。 2. D  句意猜测题。画线句是第三段的段首,其作用应是引出本段的内容。由上文可知,本杰明没有画刷就从猫身上割毛制作画刷。画线句后面的意思是,本杰明的表兄给他带来了画刷和颜料。故画线句子的意思应该是与本杰明需要画刷有关,故选D项。 3. B  细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ sent Benjamin a bx f paint and sme brushes.”以及最后一段中的“In the city, Mr. Penningtn gave Benjamin materials fr creating il paintings.”可知,表兄给本杰明提供了画刷等绘画材料来帮助他学习绘画,故选B项。 4. D  细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“ were his intrductin t classical paintings. The nine-year-ld by decided then that he wuld be an artist.”可知,这两本书对他的影响更多的是在精神方面,而不是知识方面,这两本书坚定了他的梦想,引导着这个九岁的男孩走上了绘画的道路。故选D项。
It’s surprising hw much simple mvement f the bdy can affect the way we think. Using expansive gestures with pen arms makes us feel mre pwerful, crssing yur arms makes yu mre determined and lying dwn can bring mre insights(领悟). S if mving the bdy can have these effects, what abut the clthes we wear? We’re all well aware f hw dressing up in different ways can make us feel mre attractive, sprty r prfessinal, depending n the clthes we wear, but can the clthes actually change cgnitive(认知的) perfrmance r is it just a feeling? Adam and Galinsky tested the effect f simply wearing a white lab cat n peple’s pwers f attentin. The idea is that white cats are assciated with scientists, wh are in turn thught t have clse attentin t detail. What they fund was that peple wearing white cats perfrmed better than thse wh weren’t. Indeed, they made nly half as many errrs as thse wearing their wn clthes n the Strp Test(ne way f measuring attentin).The researchers call the effect “enclthed cgnitin,” suggesting that all manner f different clthes prbably affect ur cgnitin in many different ways. This pens the way fr all srts f clthes-based experiments. Is the writer wh wears a fedra mre creative? Is the psychlgist wearing little rund glasses and smking a cigar mre insightful? Des a chef’s hat make the restaurant fd taste better? Frm nw n I will nly be editing articles fr PsyBlg while wearing a white cat t help keep the typing errr cunt lw. Hpefully yu will be ding yur part by reading PsyBlg in a cap and gwn(学位服).
1.What is the main idea f the text? Bdy mvements change the way peple think. Hw peple dress has an influence n their feelings. C. What peple wear can affect their cgnitive perfrmance. D. Peple ding different jbs shuld wear different clthes. 2.Adam and Galinsky’s experiment tested the effect f clthes n their wearers’.  A. insights   B. mvements C. attentin  D. appearance 3.Hw des the authr sund in the last paragraph? A. Academic. B. Humrus. C. Frmal.   D. Hpeful.
1.C 主旨大意题。 根据第二段“ can the clthes actually change cgnitive(认知的) perfrmance r is it just a feeling?”及下文所做的实验可知,本文主要讲述着装对人的认知的影响。 2.C 细节理解题。 根据第三段“Adam and Galinsky tested the effect f simply wearing a white lab cat n peple’s pwers f attentin.”及第四段“Indeed, the Strp Test (ne way f measuring attentin).”可知,Adam 和Galinsky的实验是测试着装对人们注意力的影响。 3.B 推理判断题。 文章讲述的是着装影响人的认知表现,最后一段作者说自己以后要穿白大褂上班编辑文章,以减少打字错误。他希望读者也能穿上学位服阅读PsyBlg的文章。由此可推断出作者是用一种幽默的语气调侃着装认知理论。
Peple lve cellphnes, which is why nine in ten Americans wn ne. But des heavy use f cellphnes pse a risk f cancer? This questin has caused cntrversy fr many years. A new study in rats nw augments thse cncerns. Its data linked lng­term, intense expsure t radiatin frm cellphnes with all increased risk f cancer in the heart r brain. The results have yet t be cnfirmed, the authrs nte. Indeed, althugh the rat study fund a link between cellphne radiatin and cancer，it ffers n clues t why such a link might exist, ntes Jnathan Samet. He teaches preventative medicine and directs the Institute fr Glbal Health at the University f Suthern Califrnia in Ls Angeles. Still, he calls the new study's findings “significant”. They culd lead t studies researching hw cellphne radiatin might cause cancer, he says.  Phne signals are relayed between cell twers and cellphnes via radi waves. This radi frequency — r RF — radiatin is a type knwn as nn­inizing (非电离的). Unlike X­rays, nn­inizing radiatin des nt depsit enugh energy int cells t release electrns frm atms r mlecules, prducing ins. S it tends t be far less harmful than inizing radiatin, such as X­rays. But that des nt mean radi waves might nt cause harm. In very large dses (量) this radiatin will heat the bdy and cause tissue damage. But it's nt yet knwn what much lwer RF levels might d, such as thse frm cellphne use. Five years ag, the Wrld Health Organizatin's Internatinal Agency fr Research n Cancer, r IARC, cncluded that cellphne use “is pssibly carcingenic (致癌的)”． Its cnclusin was based n what little research data was available at that time. But ntice that IARC was nt certain. It said nly that phne use might “pssibly” cause cancer. S scientists at the Natinal Txiclgy Prgram, r NTP, investigated further.
9．Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “augments”？ A．figures ut  B．puts ut C．refers t    D．adds t 10．In which aspect des Jnathan Samet think the new study in rats is significant? A．It assists him with his teaching. B．It indicates a new research directin. C．It warns peple t mind cellphne safety. D．It makes a breakthrugh in cancer research. 11．What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut? A．Hw phne signals are delivered. B．Hw cellphnes prduce radiatin. C．Features f radiatin frm cellphnes. D．Differences between inizing and nn­inizing radiatin. 12．What might be the theme f NTP scientists' further research? A．Why cellphne use causes cancer. B．Whether cellphne use really causes cancer. C．What health effects cellphne use has. D．Hw much expsure t cellphne radiatin is safe. 
1.解析：D 考查词义猜测。画线词前面提到过度使用手机是否有患癌的风险这一问题多年来引发的争议不断，再根据画线词后的“cncerns”和“Its data linked lng­term, intense expsure t radiatin frm cellphnes with an increased risk f cancer in the heart r brain”可知，现在一项在老鼠身上进行的新研究增加了那些忧虑。故画线词与adds t意义相近。2. 解析：B 考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“They culd lead t studies researching hw cellphne radiatin might cause cancer, he says”可知，这项研究会促使科学家去查明手机辐射可能是怎样致癌的，也就是说它为科学家提供了一个新的研究方向。3.  解析：C 考查主旨要义。根据第三段的内容尤其是“nn­inizing radiatin des nt depsit enugh energy int cells t release electrns frm atms r in mlecules, prducing ins. S it tends t be far less harmful than inizing radiatin...”可知，本段主要讲的是手机辐射的特点，它是非电离的，其危害性远低于电离辐射。4.  解析：B 考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“It said nly that phne use might ‘pssibly’ cause cancer. S scientists at the Natinal Txiclgy Prgram, r NTP, investigated further”可知，NTP的科学家进一步研究的主题可能是手机使用是否真的会导致癌症。