外研中考英语 39. 第二部分 专题十三 句子种类及简单句 PPT课件

这是一份外研中考英语 39. 第二部分 专题十三 句子种类及简单句 PPT课件，共57页。PPT课件主要包含了六大基本句型　，　陈述句， 选择疑问句，祈使句，感叹句的基本结构，疑问句，感叹句 　，主谓一致　等内容，欢迎下载使用。
英语中，只含有一个主谓结构并且句子各成分都是由单词或短语构成的独立句子或分句叫作简单句。在简单句中主语和谓语是句子的主干，是句子的核心。除口语中的一些特殊句型外，英语的句子必须含有主语和谓语，否则不构成句子，无法完整地表达意思。除了主语和谓语外，简单句中还可以有宾语、表语、补语、状语、定语等。
句型一：主语＋系动词＋表语
(1) The bike 　 is 　　 new. 主语　　　系动词　表语
(2) The hat　lks　 nice. 主语　　系动词 表语
He　swims in the swimming pl every summer.主语 不及物动词
句型二：主语＋不及物动词
句型三：主语＋及物动词＋宾语
Children ften sing 　this sng.主语　　 及物动词　宾语
句型四：主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
She　shwed　her friends　all her pictures. 主语 及物动词 间接宾语　　直接宾语
句型五：主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语
We　keep　ur classrm　clean and tidy.主语 及物动词　宾语　　　宾语补足语
句型六：There be (is/are/was/were)＋名词＋地点状语
There　are　　five students　　in the classrm．There　be动词　　名词　　　　　地点状语
陈述句用来叙述一个事实或者表示说话人的看法。它有肯定形式和否定形式两种，句末用句号，全句用降调。1. 陈述句的肯定形式：主语＋谓语＋其他They have lts f strybks.他们有很多故事书。
2. 陈述句的否定形式(1)be的否定式①be用作系动词时，结构为：主语＋be＋nt＋表语＋其他。如：She is nt a teacher. 她不是一位老师。②be用作助动词时，用于be ding/be ging t d/be dne等时态或被动语态中，结构为：主语＋be＋nt＋动词的现在分词或过去分词＋其他。如：Jim isn't playing ftball.吉姆没有在踢足球。
(2)助动词、情态动词的否定式如：The by desn't d husewrk at hme.这个男孩在家不做家务。(3)除nt 外，其他否定词也可以构成否定句①用n表示，n＝ nt any/a。如：He has n sister.＝He desn't have any sister.他没有姐妹。②never绝不，从不。如：I have never seen such a man.我从没见过这样的人。③little, few几乎没有。如：There are few students in the classrm.教室里几乎没有学生。
④n ne/nbdy没有人。如：Nbdy is interested in the bk.没有人对这本书感兴趣。
⑤nthing没有东西，没有事情。如：There is nthing wrng with yu.你没有什么问题。⑥neither f...两者之中没有一个；nne f...三者或三者以上之中没有一个。如：Neither f them has ever been t Beijing.他们两个都没有去过北京。Nne f these pens wrks.这些钢笔没有一支能用。⑦seldm很少；hardly几乎不；rarely很少⑧太……以至于不能……
疑问句（6年4考，单选、完形）
疑问句通常包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反义疑问句四种形式。具体内容如下：1. 一般疑问句
2. 特殊疑问词(组)引导的特殊疑问句(2021.33, 2019.49)(1)特殊疑问词(2019.49)
(2)疑问词组(2021.31)
4. 反义疑问句(附加疑问句)(2020.34, 2016.42)：附加在陈述句后的简单问句。(1)结构：陈述句＋附加疑问部分(be动词/助动词/情态动词＋陈述句主语对应的代词)(2)原则：“前肯后否，前否后肯”(人称和时态前后保持一致)。如：
Yu are frm Australia, aren't yu？ 肯定 否定Jack desn't live in Guilin, des he？ 否定 肯定
(3)对反义疑问句的回答：对反义疑问句的回答，不管陈述部分是肯定句还是否定句，若事实是肯定的，答语就要用yes；若事实是否定的，答语就要用n。注意在“前否后肯”的反义疑问句的答语中，yes意为“不”，n意为“是的”。如：—He didn't g t the meeting, did he? 他没有参加这次会议，是吗？—Yes, he did. 不， 他参加了。
1. —Tny, ________ are yu in such a hurry? —Because I will be late fr the meeting.A. where　　　　B. why　　　　C. when 2. —________ shuld I d t imprve my English listening?—Yu can try t watch English mvies.A. Where B. What C. When
3. —Ben likes taking part in the sprt activities, ________？ —Yes, he des and he has wn many prizes.A. has he B. des he C. desn't he 4. —Des Shirley ften play badmintn?—________．A．Yes, she didn't B. N, she did C. Yes, she des5. —_________ will the new library be built? —In nly ten days.A. Hw sn B. Hw many C. Hw ften
表示请求或命令的句子是祈使句。谓语动词用原形。其结构具体如下：
【注意】(1)祈使句的回答用一般将来时。(2)祈使句＋and/r＋句子，可以转换成if引导的条件状语从句。
6. ________ yur test paper patiently befre yu hand in it. A. Check B. Checking C. Checks7. —Dn't ________ phts in the museum!—Srry, I wn't d that again.A. taking B. takes C. take
感叹句(2016.38，单选)　
8. The self­driving plane has been used in many places. ________ smart inventin it is!A．What B. What a C. What an　　9. —All f my classmates have passed the P. E. test.—________ exciting the news is!A. Hw B. What C. Hw an
There be 句型　
1. 结构：“there be ＋主语(人或物)＋地点状语”，表示“某处有某人(或某物)”。2. There be句型的不同方式：(1)否定句：be动词后加nt, n或nt any。如：There isn't any fd in the fridge./There is n fd in the fridge.冰箱里没有食物。(2)一般疑问句：be动词提到句首，sme变any，其他不变。如：There are sme children in the park.公园里有些孩子。→Are there any children in the park？公园里有孩子吗？
3. There be句型中的be动词的数：遵循“就近原则”：be动词的单复数形式必须和there be之后的第一个主语保持一致。如果第一个主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词，be动词用单数；如果第一个主语是可数名词复数，be动词用复数。如：(1)There is a bk n the desk. (单数) (单数)(2)There is sme rice in the bwl. (单数) (不可数名词)(3)There are sme pictures n the wall. (复数) (复数)
(4) There is a desk and five chairs here. (单数) (单数+复数) There are five chairs and a desk here. (复数) (复数+单数)
4. There be句型不同时态的变化：(1)一般将来时：There will be或There is/are ging t be...(2)一般过去时：There was/were/used t be...(3)现在完成时：There has/have been...(4)含情态动词：There＋情态动词＋be...
5. There be句型与have的区别：There be意为存在，表示“某处(或某时)有某人(或某物)”；have表示“某人(或某地)拥有某物”，表示“所有、拥有关系”。如：There is a by n the playgrund.操场上有一个男孩。I have a gd friend.我有一个好朋友。
10. There ________ a basketball game in ur schl next week.A. is B. is ging t be 　　C. is ging t have11. There ________ a teacher and sme students playing sccer n the playgrund.A. have B. are C. is
主谓一致(6年5考，单选)　　
1. 语法一致原则：单数主语谓语动词用单数，复数主语谓语动词用复数。
在倒装句中， 谓语动词或者助动词会被提到主语的前面，这时，谓语动词或助动词要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如：There cmes the bus.公交车来了。 谓语 主语On the wall are many pictures.墙上有许多画。 谓语 主语
2. 意义一致原则：根据句子主语的意义来确定谓语动词的单复数。
3. 就近原则：谓语动词的形式与靠近它的名词或代词保持一致。
12. Tw weeks ________ nt a lng time.A. were B. is C. are　 13. Bth the students and the teachers ________ him very well.A. knws B. knw C. t knw14. A number f vlunteers ________ needed fr this charity prject.A. is B. are C. am15. Tm, tgether with his friends, ften ________ t the ld peple's hme t cheer the ld up.A. g B. ging C. ges
1. (2021柳州31题) —________ is the schlbag?—60 yuan.A. Hw ften　　　　B. Hw ld　　　　C. Hw much2. (2020柳州34题)It is a lvely dg, ________？A. aren't they B. desn't it C. isn't it3. (2016柳州42题)Yu dn't like this clur, ________ yu?A. will B. are C. d
该命题点在完形填空中考查了特殊疑问词why，在单项选择中考查了2次反义疑问句和1次hw词组。
解题小技巧解答疑问句类试题时，首先应掌握疑问句类的基本结构和疑问词，最后认真审题并结合语境得出正确答案。
4. (2016柳州38题) ________ delicius the sup tastes!A. Hw B. What C. What a
该命题点仅在单项选择中考查过1次。
5. (2021柳州34题)There ________ a TV set in the rm.A. be B. is C. are6. (2021柳州37题)He ________ like his brther.A. lk B. lks C. lking7. (2020柳州38题)Nt nly Sam but als his parents________ cming t China sn.A. is B. are C. were
8. (2016柳州31题)She ________ my sister, Meimei.A. are B. is C. am9. (2016柳州40题)Mr. Smith was the nly ne f the writers ________ invited t the meeting.A. wh was B. wh were C. which was
该命题点仅在单项选择中考查5次，具体考查情况如下：
解题小技巧针对此类试题，考生应该找出题干中的“主语”，确定其单复数；然后结合“语法一致”、“意义一致”和“就近一致”三个原则来进行选择；最后根据所给句子的时态选出最终答案。
1. (2021百色33题)—________ fast China is develping!—Yes, we are s lucky t live in such a great cuntry.A. What　　B. What a　　C. Hw　　D. Hw a2. (2021玉林30题)—My mther is planning t have a secnd child next year.—________ gd idea it is!A. What B. Hw C. What a D. What an
3. (2021梧州34题)—________ yur hands befre dinner, Tny.—N prblem, Mm.A. Wash B. Washes C. Washing D. T wash4. (2020北部湾经济区Ⅱ卷35题)Bth Mike and his sister Lucy ______ gd at Chinese.A. is B. am C. are D. be
5. (2020梧州39题)—We are ging t the Fun Wrld after the midterm exam.—________ exciting news!A. What an B. What C. Hw an D. Hw6. (2020桂林35题)There ________ a cmputer and sme bks n the teacher's desk.A. is B. are C. be
7. (2019北部湾经济区39题)—Lk at my new dress.—Ww！________ beautiful it is!A. Hw B. Hw a C. What D. What a8. (2019梧州33题)There ________ a cncert in ur schl hall next week.A. is ging t have B. will haveC. will be D. is ging t hld
9. ________ mre bks, and yu will imprve yur reading skills.A. Reading　　　B. Read　　　C. Reads10. Neither my brther nr I ________ been t Xi'an befre.A. has ever B. have ever C. has never 11. —D yu like the P. E. class, Mike?—________. It's really necessary.A. Yes，it is B. Yes, I d C. Yes, he des