中考英语人教总复习课件：第一部分 语法精讲精练第十一节 句子种类和简单句 (共86张PPT)

这是一份中考英语人教总复习课件：第一部分 语法精讲精练第十一节 句子种类和简单句 (共86张PPT)，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了中考导航，contents，考点突破，课堂小测，中考模拟演练等内容，欢迎下载使用。

考点1 感叹句(★★★)感叹句表示说话人的喜悦、气愤、惊讶等强烈的情绪。感叹句一般是由what或hw开头。what用来强调名词，hw则强调形容词、副词或动词。1.感叹句的基本句型(1)What(+a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！(2017、2016、2014广东中考)
What a clever by he is!他是个多么聪明的男孩啊！What cld weather it is!多冷的天气啊！What beautiful flwers they are!(它们是)多么漂亮的花啊！What gd news it is!多么好的消息啊！
在感叹句中，what a/an常用来修饰单数可数名词，若该名词前面的形容词为元音音素开头，则用what an。what是用来修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。但有些不可数名词(rain，surprise，breakfast，lunch等)前面有形容词修饰，从而使抽象名词具体化时，则要用what a/an。
(2)Hw+形容词／副词+主语+谓语！(2015、2013广东中考)Hw kind yu are!你心肠真好！Hw fast they are wrking!他们干得真快啊！hw还可以修饰动词构成感叹句，但动词不提前。
如：Hw well she dances!她跳得多好呀！(hw 修饰动词)2.选用what和hw的高效方法判断感叹句的引导词是what还是hw，先把主谓+其他部分去掉，如果最后一个词是名词用what，是形容词或副词用hw。若没有主谓则看句末一词来定。句末一词是名词用what，是形容词或副词用hw。
如：What a smart man he is! (主谓是he is，把它们去掉，最后一词是man，名词，故用what)Hw excellent he is!(主谓是he is，把它们去掉，最后一词是excellent，形容词，故用hw)What exciting news! (本句没有主谓，最后一词是news，名词，故用what)
考点2 特殊疑问句(hw引出的特殊疑问词组)(★☆☆)特殊疑问句是用疑问词引导的疑问句。它不用yes或n来回答，而应该根据实际情况用较为完整的句子作答。常用的特殊疑问词有:wh，whm，whse，which，what，when，where，why，hw以及hw引出的
词组hw many，hw lng，hw ften，hw sn，hw far等。在这里重点讲讲hw引出的词组的辨析。辨析：hw引出的疑问词组(1)hw ften 意为“多久一次”，提问频率。表示频率的副词有always(总是)，
usually(通常)， ften(常常)， smetimes/at times(有时)， seldm(很少、不常)， hardly(几乎不)， never(决不、从来不)等； 短语有nce a day/week/mnth/year…(每天、周、月或年……一次)；twice a day/week/mnth/year…(每天、周、月或年……两次)；
three times a day(每天三次)；以every开头的短语也表示频率，例如every day/week/mnth/year…(每天、周、月或年……)；every five minutes(每五分钟)，every tw hurs(每两小时)等。 (2)hw far 意为“多远”，提问两地之间的距离。(2013广东中考)
表示两地间距离的短语常见的有five kilmeters(五千米)， a few miles(数英里)， ten minutes’ walk(十分钟的步行路程)， three hurs’ ride(三小时的车程)等。 (3)hw lng 有两种用法 ①hw lng意为“多长时间、多久”，提问一段时间，这是其主要用法。
表示一段时间的短语有：“fr+一段时间” 意为“长达……”，如fr fur days(长达四天)；“since+时间点或时间状语从句” 意为“自从……以来”，如since 1968/yesterday/tw days ag(自从1968年/昨天/两天前以来)等。
②hw lng意为“多长”，提问事物的长度。使用时要注意与hw far的区别。hw far强调某两个地点之间的距离，在疑问句中一般会出现两个地点。hw lng提问单个事物本身的长短，与距离无关。如： —Hw lng is the Great Wall? 长城有多长？
—Arund 6，700 kilmeters lng.约6，700千米长。 —Hw lng is the sfa? 沙发有多长？ —It’s tw meters lng.两米长。(4)hw sn 意为“多久以后”，对“in+一段时间”提问，意为“……之后(内)”，表示从现在到将来动作发生时为止的一段时间，常与一般将来时态连用。
如in sme weeks(数周后)。(2010广东中考)(5)hw much 有两种用法①“多少钱”，对价格或价钱提问，相当于“What’s the price f sth.？” 意为“某物多少钱？”。如：—Hw much is the bike? =What’s the price f the bike? 自行车的价格是多少？ —$50.五十美元。
②“多少”，对不可数名词的数量提问，有时hw much接的不可数名词可省略。 —Hw much bread wuld yu like? 你要多少面包？ —Five kils f bread.五公斤。
(6)hw many “多少”，对复数名词的数量提问，有时hw many接的复数名词可省略。 —Hw many watches d yu want? 你要几块手表？ —Tw (watches).两块。
考点3 祈使句(★☆☆)用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫作祈使句。祈使句最常用于表达命令，朗读时用降调。祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称，所以通常都省略。
1.肯定结构(1)D型，即:动词原形(+宾语)+其他成分。如:Please have a seat here.请这边坐。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下，动词可省略。如:This way， please.= G this way， please.请这边走。
(2)Be型，即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其他成分。如:Be a gd by! 要做一个好孩子!(3)Let型，即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他成分。如:Let me help yu.让我来帮你。2.否定结构(2016广东中考)(1)D型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加dn’t构成。如:Dn’t frget me! 不要忘记我!
Dn’t be late fr schl! 上学不要迟到!(2)Let型的否定式有两种:“Dn’t + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他成分”和“Let + 宾语 + nt + 动词原形 + 其他成分”。如:Dn’t let him g./ Let him nt g.别让他走。
(3)有些可用n开头，用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:N smking! 禁止吸烟! N fishing! 禁止钓鱼!
考点4 There be句型(★★☆)1.There be 句型的结构There be句型表示“某处有(存在)某人或某物”，其结构为：There be (is，are，was，were)+名词+地点状语。(1)There is+第三人称单数可数/不可数主语+地点状语(介词短语)。
如：There is a ruler n the desk.书桌上有一把尺。There is sme water in the bttle.瓶子里有一些水。(2)There are+复数主语+地点状语(介词短语)。如：There are fur apples n the tree.树上有四个苹果。
There are many flwers in the park.公园里有许多花。(3)There is+第三人称单数可数+v.-ing+地点状语(介词短语)。如：There is a bird singing in the tree.树上有一只鸟正在唱歌。
There are tw bys running n the street.街上有两个男孩正在奔跑。2.各种句式(1)否定句：There be句型的否定句式的构成和含有be动词的其他句型一样，在be动词后加上“nt”。也可用“n”来表示，即：n + n.(名词)= nt a/an/any + n. (名词)。
注意：n + n. (可数名词单数)= nt a/an + n.(可数名词单数)；n + n. (可数名词复数)= nt any + n. (可数名词复数)；n + n.(不可数名词)= nt any + n.(不可数名词)。如：There is an range in her bag.→There isn’t an range in her bag.→There is n range in her bag.
There are sme ranges in her bag.→There aren’t any ranges in her bag.→There are n ranges in her bag.There is sme juice in the bttle.→There isn’t any juice in the bttle.→There is n juice in the bttle.
(2)一般疑问句及其回答(2017广东中考)在“There is/are…”的疑问句中，要把be动词放在there之前，并将句号变问号。(难点:句中出现的sme要改成any。) 肯定回答为：Yes， there is/are.否定回答为: N， there isn’t/aren’t.结构分析：Be动词+there+主语…？
①There is an apple n the tree.→Is there an apple n the tree?肯定回答:Yes， there is.否定回答:N， there isn’t.②There are five pens n the desk.→Are there five pens n the desk?肯定回答:Yes， there are.否定回答:N， there aren’t.
③There is sme water in the cup.→Is there any water in the cup?肯定回答:Yes， there is.否定回答:N， there isn’t.
3.注意事项(1)There be句型中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。(2015广东中考)①如果句子的主语是单数可数名词，或是不可数名词，be动词用is或was。如：There is a basketball in the bx.盒子里有一个篮球。
There is a little milk in the glass.玻璃杯里有一点儿牛奶。②如果句子的主语是复数名词，be动词就用are或were。如：There are many birds in the tree.树上有许多鸟儿。
There were many peple in the street yesterday.昨天街上有许多人。③如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致，也就是我们常说的 “就近原则”。(2011广东中考)
如：There is an range and sme bananas in the basket.篮子里有一个橘子和一些香蕉。There are sme bananas and an range in the basket.篮子里有一些香蕉和一个橘子。(2)There与be动词中间可插入一些表推测的情态动词、表时态的短语和一些动词短语
(如和将来时be ging t/will、现在完成时 have/has + 动词过去分词、used t结构等连用)。如：There must be a pen in the bx.盒子里肯定有一支钢笔。There happened t be sme mney in my pcket.碰巧我的口袋里有一些钱。
There is ging t be a meeting tnight.今晚将有一个会议。There used t be a church acrss frm the bank.银行对面曾有一家教堂。
( )1.(2017铜仁)—Internatinal Big Data EXPO(国际大数据博览会) was held in Guiyang n May 26th.—______ exciting news it was!A.What an B.What a C.What D.Hw( )2.(2017济南)—Steve and his tw little brthers made a mdel plane，and they wn the first prize.—______clever children!A.Hw B.What C.What a D.What an
( )3.(2017长春)______ wnderful The Reader is!Many peple enjy this TV B.Hw a C.What D.What a( )4.(2017安顺)—We have built a high-speed train statin in Anshun nw.—Ww，______!It’ll be mre cnvenient fr an excited news B.hw excited the news isC.what exciting news D.hw exciting news
( )5.(2017扬州)—______bad news!We didn’t win the 15th Sudirman Cup.—It’s a B.What a C.Hw D.Hw a( )6.(2017西宁)—______excellent wrk yu have dne!—It’s very kind f yu t say B.Hw C.What an D.Hw an
( )7.(2017宿迁)—Have yu heard that Lin Ta saved his neighbr frm a big fire last night？—Yes.______ brave yung man he is!A.Hw B.Hw a C.What D.What a( )8.(2017泰安)—______ exciting the speech abut “the Belt and Rad” was!—Of curse!It was a really great inspiratin t the B.What C.Hw a D.What an
( )9.(2017营口)—______fine weather it is tday!Let’s g ut and enjy the sunshine!—Sunds great!A.What B.Hw C.Hw a D.What( )10.(2017宜昌)—Peple chse high-speed train r self-driving t travel n hlidays.—______ fast the traditinal travel ways change!A.What a B.Hw C.What D.Hw a
( )11.(2017东营)______ exciting it is!Our cuntry put her first hmemade aircraft carrier (国产航空母舰)in the water n April 26 in B.What C.Hw an D.What an( )12.(2017重庆)—______ will yu finish writing the review f the Indian mvie Dangal？—In tw far B.Hw ften C.Hw sn D.Hw lng
( )13.(2017长春)—The Changchun subway will be in use.______ will it take yu t get t schl n it？—Only ten minutes.It’ll be quick and much B.Hw many C.Hw ften D.Hw lng( )14.(2017贵州)—______ is it frm Liupanshui l Guiyang？—It’s abut 300 much B.Hw many C.Hw sn D.Hw far
( )15.(2017长春)______ fr me at the bus statin acrss frm the pst ffice.I can find yu B.T wait C.Waiting D.Waits( )16.(2017南京)—Excuse me，but can yu tell me where the nearest bank is？—Just ______ ging fr tw mre blcks and yu’ll see B.t keep C.keeping D.keeps
( )17.(2017白银)There ______a basketball game between these tw grades in the gym this B.is ging t have C.is ging t be D.will have( )18.(2017南京)Lk!There ______ a pht f ur English teacher in tday’s newspaper!A.is B.are C.have D.has
( )19.(2017安顺)—______there anything new in tday’s Qianzhng Mrning Daily？—N.But there______sme inspiring stries wrth ； is B.Are； are C.Is；are D.Are； is
( )20.(2017云南)—Excuse me.Are there any bkstres arund here？—______，but there are sme n Center ，there are B.N，there aren’t C.Yes，there is D.N，there isn’t
( )1.—The passenger ship Eastern Star capsized(倾覆) in the Yangtze River n the evening f June 1st.—______ bad news! Can we d smething t help with the rescue(救援)?A.What a B.What C.Hw a D.Hw( )2.______ interesting the bk is! I want t buy ne， B.What C.Hw an D.What an
( )3.—______ exciting the mvie is! —Sure， I have seen it three B.What an C.Hw D.Hw an( )4.______ excellent news reprter he is! All f us are prud f B.What an C.Hw D.What a
( )5.______ imprtant it is fr kids t imagine freely!A.What B.What a C.What an D.Hw( )6.______useful rbt! It can help with the husewrk like a human B.What an C.Hw a D.What a
( )7.—Listen! Smene is playing the pian.—Ww! ______ beautiful music! I like it very B.Hw a C.What a D.Hw( )8._____________ interesting TV prgram Running Man is! I watch it every B.What C.What a D.What an
( )9.—Ww! ______ beautiful the music is! —Yes. That’s my B.What a C.What an D.Hw ( )10.—The six students frm Lianyungang gt the first prize in the Chinese Characters Dictatin Cmpetitin in Jiangsu.—______ exciting news it is!A.What B.Hw C.What an D.Hw an
( )11.______ delicius these beef ndles are!A.What B.Hw C.What a D.Hw a( )12.______ great picture! Wh painted it?A.Hw B.What C.Hw a D.What a
( )13.______lvely the squirrel is!A.What a B.Hw C.What D.Hw a( )14.______ necessary thing it is t jin the “Clean Yur Plate Campaign(光盘行动)”!A.What B.What a C.Hw D.Hw a
( )15.—Lk at the clud! It lks like a rabbit!—Ww.______ beautiful!A.What B.What a C.Hw D.Hw a( )16.—Bb， ______ is it frm yur hme t schl?—It’s abut ten minutes’ lng B.hw far C.hw ften D.hw sn
( )17.—______ pcket mney d yu usually get every mnth?—Fifty yuan. What abut yu?A.Hw ften B.Hw lng C.Hw many D.Hw much( )18.—Mr. Smith， ______ is the new bridge?—Oh， let me see! It’s abut 800 ld B.hw lng C.hw much D.hw ften
( )19.—Can yu tell me ______ yur nline shpping will arrive?—In three days， I lng B.hw sn C.hw far D.hw much( )20.—______ d I need t feed the pet dg? —Twice a lng B.Hw much C.Hw sn D.Hw ften
( )21.—______ peple travel every year? —Perhaps when we are talking abut it，mre than 100 planes have taken ff arund the many B.Hw much C.Hw lng D.Hw ften( )22.—______ d yu g t the supermarket， Amy? —Once a many B.Hw much C.Hw far D.Hw ften
( )23.—______ will the fg and haze last? —I’ve n idea.There is n sign f an sn B.Hw far C.Hw lng D.Hw ften( )24.—______ have yu been in Chngqing? —Fr five many B.Hw sn C.Hw much D.Hw lng
( )25—______ will the dinner be ready? —Just a much B.Hw lng C.Hw sn D.Hw ften( )26.In ur schl library there ______ a number f bks and the number f them is grwing larger and B.has C.are D.have
( )27.What a pity!My new cmputer desn’t wrk.______ must be smething wrng with B.There C.This D.That( )28.There ______ sme milk and apples in the B.have C.is D.are
( )29.—Shall we hang ut in Great Bazzar (大巴扎) tmrrw?—I’m afraid nt. ______ the final game f the Wrld Cup n is B.There will be C.There will have D.There is ging t have( )30.—What’s in yur wallet?—There _____________ sme mney and tw tickets fr tday’s e-sprts B.was C.are D.were
( )31.There ______ sme beef in the fridge. Let’s make sme beef B.is C.are D.be( )32.—Listen! There ______ smene ______at the dr.—It must be yur ；kncking B.is；knck C.are；kncking D.are；knck
( )33.—We rdered beef ndles， but ______any beef in the ndles.—Put n yur glasses and yu can see the isn’t B.there is C.there aren’t D.there are( )34.There ______ a pencil and sme pens in the B.are C.have D.has
( )35. There______lts f sheep and pigs n my uncle’s farm B.were C.is D.are