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人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection当堂检测题
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这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection当堂检测题，共33页。试卷主要包含了5分,满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。
(满分:120分;时间:100分钟)
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
(2021山西怀仁第一中学高二期中,易)
This year, mst peple have prbably spent mre f 2020 canceling travel plans than bking them, but it's nt t late t reverse that trend. Here are sme vacatins yu can plan this fall.
Rad trip t a lcal farm
Visiting a farm is the “number ne” travel pick right nw. Price plays a big rle in that suggestin. Apple picking, fr example, is usually very affrdable, with sme rchards(果园) ffering prducts by the pund, fr $1 r $2, and thers ffering a flat fee fr an all-yu-can-fill bag fr abut $30.
Visit a natinal park
There are 421 natinal parks in the U.S., s the dds are that yu've gt ne in driving range. If yu're up fr a challenge, yu can climb the Half Dme in Ysemite r race dwn the great sand dunes in Clrad. The parks are als affrdable. An annual pass, which guarantees entry t every park fr an entire family, is just $80.
Plan a camping trip
It desn't cst much mre than camping. Mst states have dzens f drive-in camp sites, while yu can als find cabins in the $50—$100 per night range. There's n shrtage f activities, either—whether it's fishing, hiking, biking r just perfecting yur camping recipe.
Rent an RV(野营车)
RVs are a prime ptin fr a cheap vacatin. Using an RV fr a vacatin means yu're paying fr yur transprtatin and ldging all in ne. Als, cnsidering that sme tw-persn RVs can g fr as little as $175—$200 per night, yu can easily find yurself traveling arund the cuntry withut breaking the bank.
1.Which vacatin wuld a thrill seeker mst prbably chse?
A.Rad trip t a lcal farm.
B.Visit a natinal park.
C.Plan a camping trip.
D.Rent an RV.
2.What d the vacatins have in cmmn?
A.Wallet-friendly.
B.Envirnment-friendly.
C.Family-friendly.
D.User-friendly.
3.What's the unique advantage f renting RVs?
A.It makes yur vacatin adventurus.
B.It ffers free trips arund the wrld.
C.Yu can kill tw birds with ne stne.
D.Yu may have smene t keep yu cmpany.
B
(2021河南全国百强高二下领军考试,中)
I bught several packs f seeds, 24 small plastic seed pts, plant fertilizer and ptting sil. I made sure the sil didn't cntain added fertilizer. I wanted smething that I culd grw quickly, that wuldn't take up a lt f space and that wuldn't get t big. I ran this experiment in early fall in Maryland. S I knew I needed a plant that culd grw when it's cl. I picked radishes (樱桃萝卜), which grw well in early fall r spring. Sme varieties can grw int a full radish in nly 21 days.
I kept 12 f the pts and ne pack f seeds myself. I gave the ther 12 pts and the ther packs f seeds—alng with sme fertilizer and sil—t my editr, Sarah. This was t prvide an additinal cntrl f lcatin. After all, what if my yard just happens t be much better fr grwing plants? What if it's wrse? By dividing the plants up between my yard and Sarah's, I hped t make sure that any difference between the plants came frm the fertilizer.
Sarah and I planted ur seeds. Smetimes, seeds dn't sprut (发芽). S we carefully planted fur evenly (相等地) spaced seeds in each pt. Six f my pts (and six f Sarah's) served as cntrls—pts that wuld nt get fertilizer. Our ther six were treated with fertilizer. Fr each f us, this added up t 24 cntrl seeds, and 24 seeds that wuld get fertilizer.
We watered all the plants equally with clean water every ther day (unless it rained). Once a week, we applied fertilizer t half f the pts. We als tk pictures every day, s we culd see the plants change ver time. As I expected, many f ur seeds didn't sprut. In fact, nly abut a furth f mine spruted. Sarah has a greener thumb. She successfully grew half f hers.
4.Why did the authr want t grw such a plant?
A.T enjy it.
B.T make it very cl.
C.T take up mre space.
D.T d an experiment.
5.In the authr's view, what was the difference between the plants she and Sarah grew?
A.Whether the fertilizer was added.
B.The way they planted.
C.The sil they used.
D.The seeds they used.
6.What can we get frm Paragraph 3?
A.The experiment was successful.
B.The authr was respectful t her editr.
C.The authr was cnsiderate.
D.The prcess f the experiment was cmplex.
7.What d yu think f Sarah?
A.She was fnd f grwing plants.
B.She was smarter than the authr.
C.She had a gift fr grwing plants.
D.She was a devted and friendly wman.
C
(2021江苏南通高二下期中,中)
Mst f ur everyday plastic items end up in landfill, left t rt away fr many years. But sme f them blw away, spiling the cuntryside, causing damage t the natural envirnment and harming wildlife. The prblem is mst severe in ur ceans. Research has fund a deserted island in the Suth Pacific is littered with the highest density (密度) f plastic waste anywhere in the wrld.
The study described hw remte islands act as a “sink” fr the wrld's rubbish. They becme cllecting pints fr fishing items and everyday things including tthbrushes, cigarette lighters and razrs—things that we thrw away. Dr Jennifer Lavers frm the University f Tasmania says, “Almst every island in the wrld and almst every species in the cean are nw being impacted ne way r anther by ur waste.”
This highlights the ptentially deadly effect f ur dispsable (用后即丢弃的) culture. When we thrw smething away, it desn't just disappear, it ges smewhere and because f the nature f plastic, it takes a lng time t rt away and stays there, causing great damage t the cean's eclgy(生态). And wrse still, plastic is brken dwn int tiny particles ver a lng perid by the wind and the waves, and then sea creatures at the bttm f the fd chain swallw them. These creatures are eaten by the fish that we eventually cnsume.
The slutin t this prblem wuld be t use less plastic. Several cuntries nw charge fr using plastic carrier bags, which reduces the usage, and sme prducts nw use natural and recyclable materials.
8.What des the authr really want t tell us in the first paragraph?
A.It is a gd idea t let plastic items end in a landfill.
B.Plastic items blw away easily in the strng wind.
C.It is a bad habit t thrw away plastics everywhere.
D.Plastic pllutin in ceans is a mst serius issue.
9.What des the authr mean by saying the islands act as a “sink” fr the wrld's rubbish?
A.The islands begin t sink with much rubbish n them.
B.The islands have becme gathering places fr rubbish.
C.The islands are ideal places t hide the plastic prducts.
D.The islands are inaccessible due t the white pllutin.
10.What des the underlined wrd “This” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A.Impact n sea species.
B.Thrwn-away rubbish.
C.The nature f plastic.
D.The cean's eclgy.
11.What's the really frightening fact abut the plastic pllutin in ceans?
A.Breaking the balance f cean eclgy.
B.Causing many sea creatures t die ut.
C.Presenting ptential risks t ur health.
D.Cutting ff the fd chain f sea creatures.
D
(中)
The endangered pandas in Qinling Muntains might face a new threat:the lss f their fd, bamb, which makes up 99% f their meals.
Adult pandas spend mst part f the day eating bamb and have t take in at least 40 punds a day t stay healthy. Hwever, a new study published in Nature Climate Change warned that they may sn find their fd gne because mst f the bamb in Qinling Muntains might disappear by the end f the century as a result f rising temperature wrldwide.
A team made up f researchers frm Michigan State University and the Chinese Academy f Sciences has studied the effects f climate change n the bamb in Qinling Muntains. They have fund that bamb is very sensitive t climate change. “80% t 100% f the bamb will be gne if the average temperature increases 3.5 degrees wrldwide by the end f the century,” said Liu Jiangu, ne f the reprt's authrs. He added, “This is hw much the temperature will rise by 2100 even if all cuntries will keep their prmises in The Paris Agreement. But yu knw what is happening arund the wrld.”
In recent years, China has been trying its best t prtect the endangered pandas by setting up mre and bigger natural reserves.
“But it is far frm being enugh and the endangered pandas need cperatin frm the rest f the wrld, because their future is nt just in the hands f the Chinese,” said Shirley Martin frm the Wrld Wildlife Fund but nt a member f the team.
The Qinling Muntains, are hme t abut 260 pandas. That is abut 13% f the China's wild panda ppulatin. In additin, abut 375 are living in research centers and zs in China.
12.What can we learn frm the first paragraph?
A.Pandas have already eaten 99% f the bamb in Qinling Muntains.
B.Pandas in Qinling Muntains are just threatened by the lss f fd.
C.Qinling Muntains cannt prvide enugh bamb fr the pandas.
D.Lts f the bamb in Qinling Muntains will pssibly disappear.
13.What did Liu Jiangu mean?
A.It's hard t cntrl the temperature rise within 3.5 degrees.
B.Bamb is sensitive t the changes f temperature.
C.China is making great effrts t prtect the pandas.
D.China needs mre help frm the Wrld Wildlife Fund.
14.Hw many wild pandas are there in China?
A.Abut 260. B.Abut 635.
C.Abut 2,000. D.Abut 2,635.
15.Which can be the best title fr the text?
A.The Disappearance f Bamb.
B.A New Threat Faced by the Pandas.
C.Effrts Made t Save Pandas.
D.Necessity t Change Pandas' Fd.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2021湖南岳阳一中高二月考,难)
As warming cntinues, scientists warn the xygen cntent f ceans acrss the planet culd be mre and mre reduced, with serius cnsequences fr the future f fish and ther sea life.
16 . One is the simple fact that as water gets warmer, it can hld less disslved(溶解的)xygen. The ther reasn is less bvius. 17 —either frm the atmsphere, r frm phtsynthesizing algae flating at the tp f the sea. The xygen then spreads t the deep cean as the surface water slwly sinks.
Glbal warming is expected t reduce the mixing f the cean by making surface seawater lighter. That's because in a warmer wrld we can expect mre rainfall and mre melting f glaciers, icebergs, and ice sheets. 18 .The extra heat frm the warming atmsphere will als make surface water expand and thus make it lighter still. 19 . Instead, mre f the xygen will remain near the surface, where it will be used up by xygen-breathing rganisms.
A lw-xygen cean may becme an inescapable feature f ur planet.A team f Danish researchers wndered hw lng xygen levels wuld drp if we culd smehw reduce ur carbn dixide emissins t zer by 2100. They determined that ver the next few thusand years xygen levels wuld cntinue t fall, until they declined by 30 percent. The xygen wuld slwly return t the ceans, but even 100,000 years frm nw they will nt have fully recvered. 20 .
A.The entire cean gets its xygen frm the surface
B.It's nt knwn why the xygen level f ceans has reduced
C.Scientists pint ut tw reasns t expect a drp in cean xygen
D.Fresh water's inpuring will make the water at the cean's surface lighter
E.Glbal warming has caused the reductin f the xygen cntent f ceans wrldwide
F.If they are right, we have every reasn t wrry abut the majr effect it has n sea life
G.The light surface water will be less likely t sink s the deep cean will get less xygen
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2021江西上饶高二联考改编,中)
Rehan was brn in Bwie, Maryland. When he was 8, his mther left his father. After the divrce, the family faced 21 difficulties as Rehan's father tried t raise tw sns by himself.
By the 7th grade, Rehan's studies had suffered 22 under the pressure. “I wasn't eating meals every day,” he said. “Smetimes there was n electricity at 23 .” Despite his difficult hme life, Rehan 24 bxing fr cmfrt.
Rehan decided t 25 academically while training t be a prfessinal bxer. Hwever, his 26 was ruined when he suffered a shulder injury accidentally and his hpe f being a prfessinal player was finished. He hurriedly applied t clleges but was 27 . At last, he had t wrk as a garbage man.
His c-wrkers were trying t 28 why he was there and wuld suggest he g t schl. They eventually spke t Bates, the 29 f the cmpany, abut the smart yung man. Bates sn tk Rehan under his 30 and brught him t Bwie State University t meet a prfessr. This prfessr was s 31 by his cnversatin with Rehan that he agreed t admit Rehan.
“I studied s lng. I was winning s many hnrs—it was 32 ,”Rehan said. By the end f his secnd year, Rehan made a 33 t g t law schl. Then Rehan graduated in 2018.
Over the curse f the 34 year, Rehan wrked in dwntwn DC, while still 35 . He was accepted int law schls this spring, 2020 at Harvard, Clumbia, the University f Pennsylvania, the University f Suthern Califrnia, and Pepperdine.
B.financial C.emtinal D.spiritual
B.gradually C.greatly D.suddenly
B.hspital C.hme D.church
B.watched C.enjyed D.practised
B.imprve C.stp D.perate
B.business C.judgement D.life
B.received C.separated D.refused
ut B.talk abut
C.make up D.pick up
B.prfessr C.wner D.partner
B.hand C.nse D.wing
B.impressed C.encuraged D.annyed
B.bring C.easy D.crazy
B.prmise C.recrd D.cmment
B.fllwing C.difficult D.happy
B.thinking C.studying D.traveling
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2021河北沧州高二上期末,中)
Trees prvide cl shade and clean air fr peple 36 (breathe). But wuld yu ever write a letter t a tree? Officials in Melburne, Australia have discvered that fr many the answer is a lud yes. When they carried ut a prgram 37 gave each tree an email address in rder t help peple identify damage, they 38 (discver) that peple preferred t write them lve letters instead.
The city is calling it 39 unintended but psitive result f their attempt t help peple track tree damage. On their urban frest data site, Melburne assigned ID numbers and email addresses t each f the city's trees s that it wuld be 40 (easy) t catch and recver damaged trees than befre. Then the emails began t arrive. Instead f sme 41 (reprt) n damage, peple began t write fan mail t trees. The writers praised their lks and inner 42 (beautiful). Sme tld tales f 43 they had helped them survive during bad weather. Sme trees even wrte back.
The effrt is part f a larger plan. That is t prtect Melburne's 70,000 city-wned trees frm reductin and drught. But 44 turns ut that Melburnians have always been tree enthusiasts. The gvernment ntes that in the 1880s, peple wrte asking fr 45 (plant) trees t take in bad gases frm a nearby factry.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
(2021江苏南通高二下期中,中)
假定你是李华,请你代表校学生会用英文写一份倡议书,倡议全校师生立即行动起来保护长江。内容包括:
1. 倡议的目的;
2. 倡议的内容;
3. 呼吁采取行动。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;
4. 开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。
Dear schlmates,
D yu want the Yangtze River t be beautiful and clean?
The Students' Unin
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2021山东枣庄滕州高二期中,中)
One cludy afternn, a seven-year-ld girl went fr a walk. She crssed a large area f grassland int the wds befre she realized that she was lst.
The wds are remnants(残余部分) f a huge frest which nce cvered the whle area, which was designated an area f utstanding natural beauty.
Sitting n a rck and wndering what t d, she began crying. A slight breeze was stirring the branches. The flwers were gently swaying in the breeze. It was quiet arund her and she listened t the nice chirping(吱喳叫) f insects, which was waving and faint, just like a Buddhist meldy. After a while, she decided t walk alng a wide path lined with tall trees and thick bushes.
When it was getting dark, she saw a small, dark wden huse. Abve the cttage the fir trees gently swayed and rustled in the breeze.
She pened the dr and cautiusly stepped in. Suddenly, she heard a strange nise, and she ran ut the dr and back t the wds. She was seized with panic.
She had wandered abut lng enugh t feel t tired t wander any farther. Cld and tired, she fell asleep near a stream.
The girl's parents were ut and her dg, Laddy, was at hme. Laddy sensed that his mistress was in danger. He jumped thrugh a windw, breaking the glass. He searched in the fields, but he culdn't find his mistress anywhere.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
Hwever, frm the grund came a familiar scent (气味) as he lwered his head.
Paragraph 2:
When she pened her eyes, she saw her dg standing beside her.
答案全解全析
UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了非常省钱的四个度假计划。
1.B 细节理解题。根据Visit a natinal park部分中的“If yu're up fr a challenge, yu can climb the Half Dme in Ysemite r race dwn the great sand dunes in Clrad.”可知,如果你准备迎接挑战,你可以去爬约塞米蒂国家公园的半穹顶,或者开车冲下科罗拉多的沙丘。由此可知,寻求刺激的人最可能选择参观国家公园。
2.A 细节理解题。根据文章中四个度假计划中的“affrdable” “cheap”“It desn't cst much mre than camping.”可知,这四个度假计划都不贵,wallet-friendly的意思就是省钱。
3.C 推理判断题。根据Rent an RV部分中的“Using an RV fr a vacatin means yu're paying fr yur transprtatin and ldging all in ne.”可知,用房车度假意味着付一次款可以同时解决交通与住宿两个问题,“kill tw birds with ne stne”意思是“一箭双雕”,符合题意。
【高频词汇】 1.challenge n.挑战,艰巨的任务 2.affrdable adj.可支付的 3.annual adj.每年的 4.guarantee v.保证,确保 5.shrtage n.短缺 6.transprtatin n.交通 7.break the bank 花光积蓄
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述在院子种植植物的全过程以及与同事萨拉的种植对比来说明自己要做的一个实验。
4.D 细节理解题。根据第一段的“I ran this experiment in early fall in Maryland. S I knew I needed a plant that culd grw when it's cl.”可知,作者种植这样一种植物是想要在秋季做实验。
5.A 细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句“By dividing the plants up between my yard and Sarah's, I hped t make sure that any difference between the plants came frm the fertilizer.”可知,作者认为主要是肥料的使用带来差异。
6.C 推理判断题。根据第三段的描述可知,萨拉和作者种下了种子。有时,种子不会发芽。所以她们小心翼翼地在每个花盆里种了四颗均匀间隔的种子。作者的六个花盆(还有萨拉的六个)作为对照——不施肥的花盆。作者与同事萨拉对种子进行了细致的分配,而且还设置了对照实验。由此推知,作者是一个考虑周到的人。
7.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Sarah has a greener thumb.(萨拉更擅长种植)”可推知,萨拉在种植植物方面有一定的天赋。
【高频词汇】 1.fertilizer n.化肥 2.take up 占据;拿起;开始从事 3.additinal adj.额外的 4.serve as 充当 5.add up t 总计为…… 6.equally adv.平等地;相等地 7.have a green thumb 擅长园艺
长难句分析
原句 I wanted smething that I culd grw quickly, that wuldn't take up a lt f space and that wuldn't get t big.
分析 该句为主从复合句。主句的主语为I,谓语动词为wanted,宾语smething后为and连接的三个that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词smething。
句意 我想要一种我能快速种出来的东西,它不会占用很多空间,也不会长得太大。
C
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。研究发现了南太平洋的一座荒岛是世界上塑料垃圾密度最高的地方,海洋塑料污染是一个严重的问题,而解决塑料垃圾的办法是使用更少的塑料。
8.D 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The prblem is mst severe in ur ceans. Research has fund a deserted island in the Suth Pacific is littered with the highest density(密度) f plastic waste anywhere in the wrld.”可知,第一段讲述了海洋塑料污染是一个非常严重的问题。
9.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中“They becme cllecting pints fr fishing items and everyday things including tthbrushes, cigarette lighters and razrs—things that we thrw away.”可知,作者说这些岛屿作为世界垃圾的“藏垢场所”是指这些岛屿已经成为垃圾聚集的地方。
10.A 词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Dr Jennifer Lavers frm the University f Tasmania says, ‘Almst every island in the wrld and almst every species in the cean are nw being impacted ne way r anther by ur waste.’”和第三段中“This highlights the ptentially deadly effect f ur dispsable(用后即丢弃的) culture.”可知,代词This指的是“对海洋物种的影响”。
11.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中“ These creatures are eaten by the fish that we eventually cnsume.”可知,这些生物被我们最终吃掉的鱼吃掉,也就是海洋塑料污染真正可怕的事实是其对我们的健康有潜在的威胁。
【高频词汇】 1.end up最终处于…… 2.cause damage t对……造成伤害 3.severe adj.严重的 4.highlight v.突出;强调;使显著 5.ptentially adv.潜在地 6.break dwn分解;发生故障 7.swallw v.吞没 8.eventually adv.最后,终于
9.charge v.收费;控告
长难句分析
原句 When we thrw smething away, it desn't just disappear, it ges smewhere and because f the nature f plastic, it takes a lng time t rt away and stays there, causing great damage t the cean's eclgy.
分析 该句中When引导时间状语从句,主句为and连接的三个并列的分句,最后一个分句中causing...为现在分词短语作结果状语。
句意 当我们扔掉某个东西时,它不会消失,它会去某个地方,并且由于塑料的性质,它需要很长时间才能腐烂并待在那里,对海洋生态造成巨大的破坏。
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了秦岭大熊猫可能面临新的威胁:它们的主要食物——竹子——由于气候变暖正在消失。
12.D 推理判断题。根据第一段The endangered makes up 99% f their meals.可推知,秦岭地区的大量竹子可能会消失。故选D项。根据第一段中的the lss f their fd, bamb, which makes up 99% f their meals可知A项错误;根据第一段中的might face可知B项错误;根据第一段中的the lss f their fd, bamb可知C项错误。
13.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中Liu Jiangu所说的话This is hw much the temperature will rise by 2100 even if all cuntries will keep their prmises in The Paris Agreement. But yu knw what is happening arund the wrld.可知,即使所有国家都遵守在《巴黎协定》中的承诺,到2100年,气温也会上升这么多。由此推知,很难将温度上升控制在3.5度以内。第三段虽然提到They have fund that bamb is very sensitive t climate change.,但不是Liu Jiangu所说的话;第四段虽然提到In recent years, China has been trying its best t prtect the endangered pandas by setting up mre and bigger natural reserves.但也不是Liu Jiangu所说的话;D项在文中没有支持信息。
14.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的The Qinling Muntains are hme t abut 260 pandas. That is abut 13% f the China's wild panda ppulatin.可知,中国大约有(260除以13%)2,000只野生大熊猫。故选C项。
15.B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了大熊猫面临的新威胁——竹子可能会消失,选项B“大熊猫面临的新威胁”紧贴主题,简明扼要,最适合作为标题。
【高频词汇】
1.endangered adj.濒临灭绝的 2.threat n. 威胁 3.take in吸收 4.be made up f由……组成 5.be sensitive t对……敏感 6.be hme t是……的所在地
难句分析
原句 Hwever, a new study published in Nature Climate Change warned that they may sn find their fd gne because mst f the bamb in Qinling Muntains might disappear by the end f the century as a result f rising temperature wrldwide.
分析 本句为主从复合句。published in Nature Climate Change为过去分词短语作后置定语;that they may sn find their fd gne为宾语从句,作warned的宾语;because mst f the bamb in Qinling Muntains might disappear...为原因状语从句。
句意 然而,一项发表在《自然气候变化》上的新研究警告说,它们可能很快就会发现它们的食物消失了,因为由于全球气温上升,秦岭的大部分竹子可能在本世纪末消失。
第二节
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。随着全球变暖的持续,科学家警告说,全球海洋中的氧气含量可能会越来越少,给鱼类和其他海洋生物的未来带来严重后果。
16.C 根据后文“One is the simple fact that as water gets warmer, it can hld less disslved(溶解的)xygen. The ther reasn is less bvius.”(一个简单的事实是,随着水温升高,水中的溶解氧会减少。另一个原因不那么明显。)可知,此处是讲两个海洋含氧量下降的原因。所以选项C(科学家们指出了两个理由来预测海洋中的氧气含量会下降)符合语境。
17.A 根据后文“either frm the atmsphere, r frm phtsynthesizing algae flating at the tp f the sea”(要么来自大气,要么来自漂浮在海面上的海藻的光合作用)可知,此处是指海洋从表面获得氧气,选项A(整个海洋都从海洋表面获取氧气)符合语境。
18.D 根据后文“The extra heat frm the warming atmsphere will als make surface water expand and thus make it lighter still.”(变暖的大气层产生的额外热量也会使海洋表面的水膨胀,从而使它更轻。)可知,选项D(淡水的涌入会使海洋表面的水变轻)符合语境,上文和D项构成明显的因果关系,lighter是关键词。
19.G 后文“Instead, mre f the xygen will remain near the surface, where it will be used up by xygen-breathing rganisms.”(相反,更多的氧气会留在水面,在那里氧气会被有氧呼吸生物消耗掉。)与G项(轻的表面的水下沉的可能性会更小,所以深海获得的氧气就会更少)衔接自然,后文继续解释了海洋含氧量低的原因。
20.F 根据前文“They determined that ver the next few thusand years xygen levels wuld cntinue t fall, until they declined by 30 percent.”(他们断定,在接下来的几千年里,氧气水平将继续下降,直到下降30%。)可知,此处是讲接下来海洋含氧量下降是无可避免的,选项F(如果他们是对的,我们完全有理由担心它对海洋生物造成的重大影响)与前文是递进关系,符合语境。
【高频词汇】 1.cntent n.含量,内容 adj.满意的 2.spread v.传播 3.xygen-breathing adj.吸氧的 4.inescapable adj.不可避免的
长难句分析
原句 A team f Danish researchers wndered hw lng xygen levels wuld drp if we culd smehw reduce ur carbn dixide emissins t zer by 2100.
分析 该句为主从复合句。主句主语为A team f Danish researchers ,谓语动词为wndered,后接hw lng引导的宾语从句,宾语从句中含有if引导的条件状语从句。
句意 一组丹麦研究人员想知道,如果我们能用某种方法在2100年前将二氧化碳排放量减少到零,含氧量会下降多久。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。Rehan从小父母离异,经济困难,成为职业拳击手的梦想因为肩膀受伤破灭,他申请大学也被拒绝。可幸运的是他得到贵人帮助,一位教授同意录取Rehan,最终Rehan成功毕业,还在毕业后继续学习并被其他学校录取。
21.B 根据后文“I wasn't eating meals every day”可知,Rehan吃不饱饭,由此推测,家庭有经济困难。physical身体的;financial金融的;emtinal情绪的;spiritual精神的。
22.C 根据前后文“Rehan's studies had the pressure”可知,此处指Rehan的学业承受了巨大的压力,应用greatly。slightly些微地;gradually逐渐地;suddenly突然。
23.C 根据后文“Despite his difficult hme life”可知,此处是在描述家里的情况。有时家里没有电。schl学校;hspital医院;hme家;church教堂。
24.D 根据后文“bxing fr cmfrt”可知,Rehan通过练习拳击来寻求安慰。practise ding sth.“练习做某事”。 teach教学;watch观看;enjy享受。
25.B 后文提到他申请大学,说明他还是想上大学,所以他决定在成为专业拳击手的同时提高学业水平。 suffer遭受;imprve提高;stp停止;perate操作。
26.A 根据后文“his hpe f being a prfessinal player was finished”可知,肩膀受伤导致Rehan成为拳击手的梦想破灭。dream梦想;business生意;judgement判断;life生活。
27.D 根据后文“At last, he had t wrk as a garbage man.”可推测,他被大学拒绝了。treat治疗;receive收到;separate分开;refuse拒绝。
28.A 根据后文“why he was there”可知,同事们想弄清楚他为什么会去当清洁工。figure ut弄清楚;talk abut谈论;make up编造,构成,化妆,和好;pick up捡起。
29.C 根据前后文“They eventually spke t Bates, the 29 f the cmpany”可知,Bates是公司老板。 cleaner清洁工;prfessr教授;wner主人,老板;partner伙伴。
30.D 根据后文“brught him t Bwie State University t meet a prfessr”可知,老板Bates开始照顾Rehan,还带他去见大学教授,短语take sb. under ne's wing表示“庇护某人”。arm胳膊;hand手;nse鼻子。
31.B 根据后文“by his cnversatin with Rehan that he agreed t admit Rehan”可知,教授同意录取Rehan,说明Rehan和他之间的对话令教授印象深刻。wrry担心;impress给……留下深刻印象;encurage鼓励;anny惹恼。
32.D 结合上文可知,Rehan学习努力,赢得了很多荣誉,这是件疯狂的事情,crazy最符合语境。different不同的;bring无聊的;easy容易的;crazy疯狂的。
33.A 根据后文“t g t law schl”指做出去上法学院的决定,make a decisin“做决定”。decisin决定;prmise承诺;recrd记录;cmment评论。
34.B 根据后文“He was accepted int law schls this spring, 2020 at Harvard”可知,Rehan 2018年毕业,2020年被其他大学录取,说明在接下来的一年里,他一边学习,一边在华盛顿市区工作。previus以前的;fllwing接下来的;difficult困难的;happy快乐的。
35.C 根据后文“He was accepted int law schls this spring, 2020 at Harvard, Clumbia, University f Pennsylvania, the University f Suthern Califrnia, and Pepperdine.” 可知,他被其他大学录取,由此推知,他毕业后一直在边工作边学习。write写;think思考;study学习;travel旅行。
【高频词汇】 1.raise v.抚养;提出;筹募 2.under pressure 在压力下 3.prfessinal adj.专业的 4.accidentally adv.意外地
5.apply t向……申请;适用于 6.struggle n. & v.奋斗;挣扎
7.eventually adv.最后 8.admit v.准许进入;承认
9.dwntwn adv.在市中心
长难句分析
原句 Hwever, his dream was ruined when he suffered a shulder injury accidentally and his hpe f being a prfessinal player was finished.
分析 本句为and连接的并列复合句。第一个分句中when引导时间状语从句,主语为his dream,谓语为was ruined;第二个分句中主语中心词为his hpe,谓语为was finished。
句意 然而,由于他意外地肩部受伤,他的梦想被毁了,他成为一名职业选手的希望也破灭了。
第二节
◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了为了更好地保护树木,墨尔本进行了一个给树木写信的项目。
36.t breathe 考查不定式。分析可知,此处应用动词不定式作后置定语,修饰名词clean air,不定式t breathe和所修饰的名词为被动关系。
37.that/which 考查定语从句。分析可知,空格处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为a prgram,关系代词that或which引导定语从句,指物,在从句中作主语。
38.discvered 考查动词时态。根据前文carried和gave可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时。
39.an 考查冠词。句中由形容词修饰的名词result是泛指概念,应用不定冠词限定,形容词unintended是元音音素开头,应用an。
40.easier 考查形容词比较级。根据后文than可知,此处应用形容词easy的比较级,作表语,故填easier。
41.reprts 考查名词复数。名词reprt是可数名词,由sme修饰,应用其复数形式。
42.beauty 考查名词。根据前文形容词性物主代词their可知,此处应用beautiful的名词形式beauty(不可数)和lks并列,作praised的宾语。
43.hw 考查宾语从句。一些人讲述了它们如何帮助自己在恶劣天气中生存下来的故事。分析可知,空格处引导宾语从句,根据句意可知,此处应用连接副词hw表示“如何”。
44.it 考查代词。it turns ut that...“结果是……;证明是……”是固定句型,it是形式主语,that引导的主语从句为真正的主语。
45.planting 考查动名词。根据空格前的介词fr可知,此处应用plant的动名词形式,作介词宾语。
【高频词汇】 为……提供 2.carry ut执行;进行 3.identify v.识别;确认 4.prefer v.更喜欢;偏爱
5.urban adj.城市的,城镇的 6.assign v.分配 7.reductin n.减少;减价 8.nte v.指出
长难句分析
原句 When they carried ut a prgram that gave each tree an email address in rder t help peple identify damage, they discvered that peple preferred t write them lve letters instead.
分析 该句是一个主从复合句。When引导时间状语从句,主句为they discvered...。在When引导的时间状语从句中包含一个由that引导的定语从句。主句中包含一个由that引导的宾语从句。
句意 当他们进行了一个项目,给每棵树一个电子邮件地址,以帮助人们识别伤害时,他们发现人们更喜欢给它们写情书。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One pssible versin:
Dear schlmates,
D yu want the Yangtze River t be beautiful and clean? In rder t prtect the eclgy f the Yangtze River and fish resurces in it, every ne f us shuld be cmmitted t its prtectin.
Firstly, dn't litter in r near this great river. Secndly, plant mre trees alng the riversides t prevent the lss f sil. Finally, we shuld tell peple nt t pipe waste water int it befre it is treated.
Immediate actin shuld be taken and nly by jint effrts can we prtect the wrld's third lngest river.
The Students' Unin
第二节
One pssible versin:
Paragraph 1:
Hwever, frm the grund came a familiar scent as he lwered his head. He fllwed the scent and walked acrss the grassland. Barking ludly int the air, the dg searched thrugh the wds until he fund the huse. But the girl was nt there, s he headed back t the wds. Much t his satisfactin, he saw his mistress' blue shirt in the distance. He flew ver sme bushes and saw the little stream, by which the girl was asleep.
Paragraph 2:
When she pened her eyes, she saw her dg standing beside her. The girl said, “Yu disturbed me, Laddy.” And she kissed him several times. Laddy tgether with the little girl went hme happily. Seeing their daughter and dg cming back, the parents burst int tears f relief. That night Laddy had a her's supper, a huge meal f steak. The parents thanked Laddy very much. It was the brave dg that had saved their lvely little daughter.
1.B
2.A
3.C
4.D
5.A
6.C
7.C
8.D
9.B
10.A
11.C
12.D
13.A
14.C
15.B
16.C
17.A
18.D
19.G
20.F
21.B
22.C
23.C
24.D
25.B
26.A
27.D
28.A
29.C
30.D
31.B
32.D
33.A
34.B
35.C
36.t breathe 37.that/which 38.discvered 39.an
40.easier 41.reprts 42.beauty 43.hw 44.it 45.planting
写作指导
故事
要素
Time
One cludy afternn
Place
in the wds
Character
a seven-year-ld girl and her dg Laddy
What
A little girl lst her way in the wds.
情节
Perid 1
A seven-year-ld girl went fr a walk and lst her way.
Perid 2
Her dg, Laddy sensed that his mistress was in danger.
续写
方向
Part 1
Hwever, frm the grund came a familiar scent as he lwered his head.
①Laddy根据什么找到女主人?
②中间是否有经历波折?
③找到女主人的时候女主人是什么状态?
Part 2
When she pened her eyes, she saw her dg standing beside her.
①小女孩见到小狗Laddy之后的反应如何?
②小女孩的父母如何感谢这只忠诚的小狗?
(满分:120分;时间:100分钟)
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
(2021山西怀仁第一中学高二期中,易)
This year, mst peple have prbably spent mre f 2020 canceling travel plans than bking them, but it's nt t late t reverse that trend. Here are sme vacatins yu can plan this fall.
Rad trip t a lcal farm
Visiting a farm is the “number ne” travel pick right nw. Price plays a big rle in that suggestin. Apple picking, fr example, is usually very affrdable, with sme rchards(果园) ffering prducts by the pund, fr $1 r $2, and thers ffering a flat fee fr an all-yu-can-fill bag fr abut $30.
Visit a natinal park
There are 421 natinal parks in the U.S., s the dds are that yu've gt ne in driving range. If yu're up fr a challenge, yu can climb the Half Dme in Ysemite r race dwn the great sand dunes in Clrad. The parks are als affrdable. An annual pass, which guarantees entry t every park fr an entire family, is just $80.
Plan a camping trip
It desn't cst much mre than camping. Mst states have dzens f drive-in camp sites, while yu can als find cabins in the $50—$100 per night range. There's n shrtage f activities, either—whether it's fishing, hiking, biking r just perfecting yur camping recipe.
Rent an RV(野营车)
RVs are a prime ptin fr a cheap vacatin. Using an RV fr a vacatin means yu're paying fr yur transprtatin and ldging all in ne. Als, cnsidering that sme tw-persn RVs can g fr as little as $175—$200 per night, yu can easily find yurself traveling arund the cuntry withut breaking the bank.
1.Which vacatin wuld a thrill seeker mst prbably chse?
A.Rad trip t a lcal farm.
B.Visit a natinal park.
C.Plan a camping trip.
D.Rent an RV.
2.What d the vacatins have in cmmn?
A.Wallet-friendly.
B.Envirnment-friendly.
C.Family-friendly.
D.User-friendly.
3.What's the unique advantage f renting RVs?
A.It makes yur vacatin adventurus.
B.It ffers free trips arund the wrld.
C.Yu can kill tw birds with ne stne.
D.Yu may have smene t keep yu cmpany.
B
(2021河南全国百强高二下领军考试,中)
I bught several packs f seeds, 24 small plastic seed pts, plant fertilizer and ptting sil. I made sure the sil didn't cntain added fertilizer. I wanted smething that I culd grw quickly, that wuldn't take up a lt f space and that wuldn't get t big. I ran this experiment in early fall in Maryland. S I knew I needed a plant that culd grw when it's cl. I picked radishes (樱桃萝卜), which grw well in early fall r spring. Sme varieties can grw int a full radish in nly 21 days.
I kept 12 f the pts and ne pack f seeds myself. I gave the ther 12 pts and the ther packs f seeds—alng with sme fertilizer and sil—t my editr, Sarah. This was t prvide an additinal cntrl f lcatin. After all, what if my yard just happens t be much better fr grwing plants? What if it's wrse? By dividing the plants up between my yard and Sarah's, I hped t make sure that any difference between the plants came frm the fertilizer.
Sarah and I planted ur seeds. Smetimes, seeds dn't sprut (发芽). S we carefully planted fur evenly (相等地) spaced seeds in each pt. Six f my pts (and six f Sarah's) served as cntrls—pts that wuld nt get fertilizer. Our ther six were treated with fertilizer. Fr each f us, this added up t 24 cntrl seeds, and 24 seeds that wuld get fertilizer.
We watered all the plants equally with clean water every ther day (unless it rained). Once a week, we applied fertilizer t half f the pts. We als tk pictures every day, s we culd see the plants change ver time. As I expected, many f ur seeds didn't sprut. In fact, nly abut a furth f mine spruted. Sarah has a greener thumb. She successfully grew half f hers.
4.Why did the authr want t grw such a plant?
A.T enjy it.
B.T make it very cl.
C.T take up mre space.
D.T d an experiment.
5.In the authr's view, what was the difference between the plants she and Sarah grew?
A.Whether the fertilizer was added.
B.The way they planted.
C.The sil they used.
D.The seeds they used.
6.What can we get frm Paragraph 3?
A.The experiment was successful.
B.The authr was respectful t her editr.
C.The authr was cnsiderate.
D.The prcess f the experiment was cmplex.
7.What d yu think f Sarah?
A.She was fnd f grwing plants.
B.She was smarter than the authr.
C.She had a gift fr grwing plants.
D.She was a devted and friendly wman.
C
(2021江苏南通高二下期中,中)
Mst f ur everyday plastic items end up in landfill, left t rt away fr many years. But sme f them blw away, spiling the cuntryside, causing damage t the natural envirnment and harming wildlife. The prblem is mst severe in ur ceans. Research has fund a deserted island in the Suth Pacific is littered with the highest density (密度) f plastic waste anywhere in the wrld.
The study described hw remte islands act as a “sink” fr the wrld's rubbish. They becme cllecting pints fr fishing items and everyday things including tthbrushes, cigarette lighters and razrs—things that we thrw away. Dr Jennifer Lavers frm the University f Tasmania says, “Almst every island in the wrld and almst every species in the cean are nw being impacted ne way r anther by ur waste.”
This highlights the ptentially deadly effect f ur dispsable (用后即丢弃的) culture. When we thrw smething away, it desn't just disappear, it ges smewhere and because f the nature f plastic, it takes a lng time t rt away and stays there, causing great damage t the cean's eclgy(生态). And wrse still, plastic is brken dwn int tiny particles ver a lng perid by the wind and the waves, and then sea creatures at the bttm f the fd chain swallw them. These creatures are eaten by the fish that we eventually cnsume.
The slutin t this prblem wuld be t use less plastic. Several cuntries nw charge fr using plastic carrier bags, which reduces the usage, and sme prducts nw use natural and recyclable materials.
8.What des the authr really want t tell us in the first paragraph?
A.It is a gd idea t let plastic items end in a landfill.
B.Plastic items blw away easily in the strng wind.
C.It is a bad habit t thrw away plastics everywhere.
D.Plastic pllutin in ceans is a mst serius issue.
9.What des the authr mean by saying the islands act as a “sink” fr the wrld's rubbish?
A.The islands begin t sink with much rubbish n them.
B.The islands have becme gathering places fr rubbish.
C.The islands are ideal places t hide the plastic prducts.
D.The islands are inaccessible due t the white pllutin.
10.What des the underlined wrd “This” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A.Impact n sea species.
B.Thrwn-away rubbish.
C.The nature f plastic.
D.The cean's eclgy.
11.What's the really frightening fact abut the plastic pllutin in ceans?
A.Breaking the balance f cean eclgy.
B.Causing many sea creatures t die ut.
C.Presenting ptential risks t ur health.
D.Cutting ff the fd chain f sea creatures.
D
(中)
The endangered pandas in Qinling Muntains might face a new threat:the lss f their fd, bamb, which makes up 99% f their meals.
Adult pandas spend mst part f the day eating bamb and have t take in at least 40 punds a day t stay healthy. Hwever, a new study published in Nature Climate Change warned that they may sn find their fd gne because mst f the bamb in Qinling Muntains might disappear by the end f the century as a result f rising temperature wrldwide.
A team made up f researchers frm Michigan State University and the Chinese Academy f Sciences has studied the effects f climate change n the bamb in Qinling Muntains. They have fund that bamb is very sensitive t climate change. “80% t 100% f the bamb will be gne if the average temperature increases 3.5 degrees wrldwide by the end f the century,” said Liu Jiangu, ne f the reprt's authrs. He added, “This is hw much the temperature will rise by 2100 even if all cuntries will keep their prmises in The Paris Agreement. But yu knw what is happening arund the wrld.”
In recent years, China has been trying its best t prtect the endangered pandas by setting up mre and bigger natural reserves.
“But it is far frm being enugh and the endangered pandas need cperatin frm the rest f the wrld, because their future is nt just in the hands f the Chinese,” said Shirley Martin frm the Wrld Wildlife Fund but nt a member f the team.
The Qinling Muntains, are hme t abut 260 pandas. That is abut 13% f the China's wild panda ppulatin. In additin, abut 375 are living in research centers and zs in China.
12.What can we learn frm the first paragraph?
A.Pandas have already eaten 99% f the bamb in Qinling Muntains.
B.Pandas in Qinling Muntains are just threatened by the lss f fd.
C.Qinling Muntains cannt prvide enugh bamb fr the pandas.
D.Lts f the bamb in Qinling Muntains will pssibly disappear.
13.What did Liu Jiangu mean?
A.It's hard t cntrl the temperature rise within 3.5 degrees.
B.Bamb is sensitive t the changes f temperature.
C.China is making great effrts t prtect the pandas.
D.China needs mre help frm the Wrld Wildlife Fund.
14.Hw many wild pandas are there in China?
A.Abut 260. B.Abut 635.
C.Abut 2,000. D.Abut 2,635.
15.Which can be the best title fr the text?
A.The Disappearance f Bamb.
B.A New Threat Faced by the Pandas.
C.Effrts Made t Save Pandas.
D.Necessity t Change Pandas' Fd.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2021湖南岳阳一中高二月考,难)
As warming cntinues, scientists warn the xygen cntent f ceans acrss the planet culd be mre and mre reduced, with serius cnsequences fr the future f fish and ther sea life.
16 . One is the simple fact that as water gets warmer, it can hld less disslved(溶解的)xygen. The ther reasn is less bvius. 17 —either frm the atmsphere, r frm phtsynthesizing algae flating at the tp f the sea. The xygen then spreads t the deep cean as the surface water slwly sinks.
Glbal warming is expected t reduce the mixing f the cean by making surface seawater lighter. That's because in a warmer wrld we can expect mre rainfall and mre melting f glaciers, icebergs, and ice sheets. 18 .The extra heat frm the warming atmsphere will als make surface water expand and thus make it lighter still. 19 . Instead, mre f the xygen will remain near the surface, where it will be used up by xygen-breathing rganisms.
A lw-xygen cean may becme an inescapable feature f ur planet.A team f Danish researchers wndered hw lng xygen levels wuld drp if we culd smehw reduce ur carbn dixide emissins t zer by 2100. They determined that ver the next few thusand years xygen levels wuld cntinue t fall, until they declined by 30 percent. The xygen wuld slwly return t the ceans, but even 100,000 years frm nw they will nt have fully recvered. 20 .
A.The entire cean gets its xygen frm the surface
B.It's nt knwn why the xygen level f ceans has reduced
C.Scientists pint ut tw reasns t expect a drp in cean xygen
D.Fresh water's inpuring will make the water at the cean's surface lighter
E.Glbal warming has caused the reductin f the xygen cntent f ceans wrldwide
F.If they are right, we have every reasn t wrry abut the majr effect it has n sea life
G.The light surface water will be less likely t sink s the deep cean will get less xygen
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2021江西上饶高二联考改编,中)
Rehan was brn in Bwie, Maryland. When he was 8, his mther left his father. After the divrce, the family faced 21 difficulties as Rehan's father tried t raise tw sns by himself.
By the 7th grade, Rehan's studies had suffered 22 under the pressure. “I wasn't eating meals every day,” he said. “Smetimes there was n electricity at 23 .” Despite his difficult hme life, Rehan 24 bxing fr cmfrt.
Rehan decided t 25 academically while training t be a prfessinal bxer. Hwever, his 26 was ruined when he suffered a shulder injury accidentally and his hpe f being a prfessinal player was finished. He hurriedly applied t clleges but was 27 . At last, he had t wrk as a garbage man.
His c-wrkers were trying t 28 why he was there and wuld suggest he g t schl. They eventually spke t Bates, the 29 f the cmpany, abut the smart yung man. Bates sn tk Rehan under his 30 and brught him t Bwie State University t meet a prfessr. This prfessr was s 31 by his cnversatin with Rehan that he agreed t admit Rehan.
“I studied s lng. I was winning s many hnrs—it was 32 ,”Rehan said. By the end f his secnd year, Rehan made a 33 t g t law schl. Then Rehan graduated in 2018.
Over the curse f the 34 year, Rehan wrked in dwntwn DC, while still 35 . He was accepted int law schls this spring, 2020 at Harvard, Clumbia, the University f Pennsylvania, the University f Suthern Califrnia, and Pepperdine.
B.financial C.emtinal D.spiritual
B.gradually C.greatly D.suddenly
B.hspital C.hme D.church
B.watched C.enjyed D.practised
B.imprve C.stp D.perate
B.business C.judgement D.life
B.received C.separated D.refused
ut B.talk abut
C.make up D.pick up
B.prfessr C.wner D.partner
B.hand C.nse D.wing
B.impressed C.encuraged D.annyed
B.bring C.easy D.crazy
B.prmise C.recrd D.cmment
B.fllwing C.difficult D.happy
B.thinking C.studying D.traveling
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2021河北沧州高二上期末,中)
Trees prvide cl shade and clean air fr peple 36 (breathe). But wuld yu ever write a letter t a tree? Officials in Melburne, Australia have discvered that fr many the answer is a lud yes. When they carried ut a prgram 37 gave each tree an email address in rder t help peple identify damage, they 38 (discver) that peple preferred t write them lve letters instead.
The city is calling it 39 unintended but psitive result f their attempt t help peple track tree damage. On their urban frest data site, Melburne assigned ID numbers and email addresses t each f the city's trees s that it wuld be 40 (easy) t catch and recver damaged trees than befre. Then the emails began t arrive. Instead f sme 41 (reprt) n damage, peple began t write fan mail t trees. The writers praised their lks and inner 42 (beautiful). Sme tld tales f 43 they had helped them survive during bad weather. Sme trees even wrte back.
The effrt is part f a larger plan. That is t prtect Melburne's 70,000 city-wned trees frm reductin and drught. But 44 turns ut that Melburnians have always been tree enthusiasts. The gvernment ntes that in the 1880s, peple wrte asking fr 45 (plant) trees t take in bad gases frm a nearby factry.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
(2021江苏南通高二下期中,中)
假定你是李华,请你代表校学生会用英文写一份倡议书,倡议全校师生立即行动起来保护长江。内容包括:
1. 倡议的目的;
2. 倡议的内容;
3. 呼吁采取行动。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;
4. 开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。
Dear schlmates,
D yu want the Yangtze River t be beautiful and clean?
The Students' Unin
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2021山东枣庄滕州高二期中,中)
One cludy afternn, a seven-year-ld girl went fr a walk. She crssed a large area f grassland int the wds befre she realized that she was lst.
The wds are remnants(残余部分) f a huge frest which nce cvered the whle area, which was designated an area f utstanding natural beauty.
Sitting n a rck and wndering what t d, she began crying. A slight breeze was stirring the branches. The flwers were gently swaying in the breeze. It was quiet arund her and she listened t the nice chirping(吱喳叫) f insects, which was waving and faint, just like a Buddhist meldy. After a while, she decided t walk alng a wide path lined with tall trees and thick bushes.
When it was getting dark, she saw a small, dark wden huse. Abve the cttage the fir trees gently swayed and rustled in the breeze.
She pened the dr and cautiusly stepped in. Suddenly, she heard a strange nise, and she ran ut the dr and back t the wds. She was seized with panic.
She had wandered abut lng enugh t feel t tired t wander any farther. Cld and tired, she fell asleep near a stream.
The girl's parents were ut and her dg, Laddy, was at hme. Laddy sensed that his mistress was in danger. He jumped thrugh a windw, breaking the glass. He searched in the fields, but he culdn't find his mistress anywhere.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
Hwever, frm the grund came a familiar scent (气味) as he lwered his head.
Paragraph 2:
When she pened her eyes, she saw her dg standing beside her.
答案全解全析
UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了非常省钱的四个度假计划。
1.B 细节理解题。根据Visit a natinal park部分中的“If yu're up fr a challenge, yu can climb the Half Dme in Ysemite r race dwn the great sand dunes in Clrad.”可知,如果你准备迎接挑战,你可以去爬约塞米蒂国家公园的半穹顶,或者开车冲下科罗拉多的沙丘。由此可知,寻求刺激的人最可能选择参观国家公园。
2.A 细节理解题。根据文章中四个度假计划中的“affrdable” “cheap”“It desn't cst much mre than camping.”可知,这四个度假计划都不贵,wallet-friendly的意思就是省钱。
3.C 推理判断题。根据Rent an RV部分中的“Using an RV fr a vacatin means yu're paying fr yur transprtatin and ldging all in ne.”可知,用房车度假意味着付一次款可以同时解决交通与住宿两个问题,“kill tw birds with ne stne”意思是“一箭双雕”,符合题意。
【高频词汇】 1.challenge n.挑战,艰巨的任务 2.affrdable adj.可支付的 3.annual adj.每年的 4.guarantee v.保证,确保 5.shrtage n.短缺 6.transprtatin n.交通 7.break the bank 花光积蓄
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述在院子种植植物的全过程以及与同事萨拉的种植对比来说明自己要做的一个实验。
4.D 细节理解题。根据第一段的“I ran this experiment in early fall in Maryland. S I knew I needed a plant that culd grw when it's cl.”可知,作者种植这样一种植物是想要在秋季做实验。
5.A 细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句“By dividing the plants up between my yard and Sarah's, I hped t make sure that any difference between the plants came frm the fertilizer.”可知,作者认为主要是肥料的使用带来差异。
6.C 推理判断题。根据第三段的描述可知,萨拉和作者种下了种子。有时,种子不会发芽。所以她们小心翼翼地在每个花盆里种了四颗均匀间隔的种子。作者的六个花盆(还有萨拉的六个)作为对照——不施肥的花盆。作者与同事萨拉对种子进行了细致的分配,而且还设置了对照实验。由此推知,作者是一个考虑周到的人。
7.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Sarah has a greener thumb.(萨拉更擅长种植)”可推知,萨拉在种植植物方面有一定的天赋。
【高频词汇】 1.fertilizer n.化肥 2.take up 占据;拿起;开始从事 3.additinal adj.额外的 4.serve as 充当 5.add up t 总计为…… 6.equally adv.平等地;相等地 7.have a green thumb 擅长园艺
长难句分析
原句 I wanted smething that I culd grw quickly, that wuldn't take up a lt f space and that wuldn't get t big.
分析 该句为主从复合句。主句的主语为I,谓语动词为wanted,宾语smething后为and连接的三个that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词smething。
句意 我想要一种我能快速种出来的东西,它不会占用很多空间,也不会长得太大。
C
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。研究发现了南太平洋的一座荒岛是世界上塑料垃圾密度最高的地方,海洋塑料污染是一个严重的问题,而解决塑料垃圾的办法是使用更少的塑料。
8.D 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The prblem is mst severe in ur ceans. Research has fund a deserted island in the Suth Pacific is littered with the highest density(密度) f plastic waste anywhere in the wrld.”可知,第一段讲述了海洋塑料污染是一个非常严重的问题。
9.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中“They becme cllecting pints fr fishing items and everyday things including tthbrushes, cigarette lighters and razrs—things that we thrw away.”可知,作者说这些岛屿作为世界垃圾的“藏垢场所”是指这些岛屿已经成为垃圾聚集的地方。
10.A 词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Dr Jennifer Lavers frm the University f Tasmania says, ‘Almst every island in the wrld and almst every species in the cean are nw being impacted ne way r anther by ur waste.’”和第三段中“This highlights the ptentially deadly effect f ur dispsable(用后即丢弃的) culture.”可知,代词This指的是“对海洋物种的影响”。
11.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中“ These creatures are eaten by the fish that we eventually cnsume.”可知,这些生物被我们最终吃掉的鱼吃掉,也就是海洋塑料污染真正可怕的事实是其对我们的健康有潜在的威胁。
【高频词汇】 1.end up最终处于…… 2.cause damage t对……造成伤害 3.severe adj.严重的 4.highlight v.突出;强调;使显著 5.ptentially adv.潜在地 6.break dwn分解;发生故障 7.swallw v.吞没 8.eventually adv.最后,终于
9.charge v.收费;控告
长难句分析
原句 When we thrw smething away, it desn't just disappear, it ges smewhere and because f the nature f plastic, it takes a lng time t rt away and stays there, causing great damage t the cean's eclgy.
分析 该句中When引导时间状语从句,主句为and连接的三个并列的分句,最后一个分句中causing...为现在分词短语作结果状语。
句意 当我们扔掉某个东西时,它不会消失,它会去某个地方,并且由于塑料的性质,它需要很长时间才能腐烂并待在那里,对海洋生态造成巨大的破坏。
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了秦岭大熊猫可能面临新的威胁:它们的主要食物——竹子——由于气候变暖正在消失。
12.D 推理判断题。根据第一段The endangered makes up 99% f their meals.可推知,秦岭地区的大量竹子可能会消失。故选D项。根据第一段中的the lss f their fd, bamb, which makes up 99% f their meals可知A项错误;根据第一段中的might face可知B项错误;根据第一段中的the lss f their fd, bamb可知C项错误。
13.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中Liu Jiangu所说的话This is hw much the temperature will rise by 2100 even if all cuntries will keep their prmises in The Paris Agreement. But yu knw what is happening arund the wrld.可知,即使所有国家都遵守在《巴黎协定》中的承诺,到2100年,气温也会上升这么多。由此推知,很难将温度上升控制在3.5度以内。第三段虽然提到They have fund that bamb is very sensitive t climate change.,但不是Liu Jiangu所说的话;第四段虽然提到In recent years, China has been trying its best t prtect the endangered pandas by setting up mre and bigger natural reserves.但也不是Liu Jiangu所说的话;D项在文中没有支持信息。
14.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的The Qinling Muntains are hme t abut 260 pandas. That is abut 13% f the China's wild panda ppulatin.可知,中国大约有(260除以13%)2,000只野生大熊猫。故选C项。
15.B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了大熊猫面临的新威胁——竹子可能会消失,选项B“大熊猫面临的新威胁”紧贴主题,简明扼要,最适合作为标题。
【高频词汇】
1.endangered adj.濒临灭绝的 2.threat n. 威胁 3.take in吸收 4.be made up f由……组成 5.be sensitive t对……敏感 6.be hme t是……的所在地
难句分析
原句 Hwever, a new study published in Nature Climate Change warned that they may sn find their fd gne because mst f the bamb in Qinling Muntains might disappear by the end f the century as a result f rising temperature wrldwide.
分析 本句为主从复合句。published in Nature Climate Change为过去分词短语作后置定语;that they may sn find their fd gne为宾语从句,作warned的宾语;because mst f the bamb in Qinling Muntains might disappear...为原因状语从句。
句意 然而,一项发表在《自然气候变化》上的新研究警告说,它们可能很快就会发现它们的食物消失了,因为由于全球气温上升,秦岭的大部分竹子可能在本世纪末消失。
第二节
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。随着全球变暖的持续,科学家警告说,全球海洋中的氧气含量可能会越来越少,给鱼类和其他海洋生物的未来带来严重后果。
16.C 根据后文“One is the simple fact that as water gets warmer, it can hld less disslved(溶解的)xygen. The ther reasn is less bvius.”(一个简单的事实是,随着水温升高,水中的溶解氧会减少。另一个原因不那么明显。)可知,此处是讲两个海洋含氧量下降的原因。所以选项C(科学家们指出了两个理由来预测海洋中的氧气含量会下降)符合语境。
17.A 根据后文“either frm the atmsphere, r frm phtsynthesizing algae flating at the tp f the sea”(要么来自大气,要么来自漂浮在海面上的海藻的光合作用)可知,此处是指海洋从表面获得氧气,选项A(整个海洋都从海洋表面获取氧气)符合语境。
18.D 根据后文“The extra heat frm the warming atmsphere will als make surface water expand and thus make it lighter still.”(变暖的大气层产生的额外热量也会使海洋表面的水膨胀,从而使它更轻。)可知,选项D(淡水的涌入会使海洋表面的水变轻)符合语境,上文和D项构成明显的因果关系,lighter是关键词。
19.G 后文“Instead, mre f the xygen will remain near the surface, where it will be used up by xygen-breathing rganisms.”(相反,更多的氧气会留在水面,在那里氧气会被有氧呼吸生物消耗掉。)与G项(轻的表面的水下沉的可能性会更小,所以深海获得的氧气就会更少)衔接自然,后文继续解释了海洋含氧量低的原因。
20.F 根据前文“They determined that ver the next few thusand years xygen levels wuld cntinue t fall, until they declined by 30 percent.”(他们断定,在接下来的几千年里,氧气水平将继续下降,直到下降30%。)可知,此处是讲接下来海洋含氧量下降是无可避免的,选项F(如果他们是对的,我们完全有理由担心它对海洋生物造成的重大影响)与前文是递进关系,符合语境。
【高频词汇】 1.cntent n.含量,内容 adj.满意的 2.spread v.传播 3.xygen-breathing adj.吸氧的 4.inescapable adj.不可避免的
长难句分析
原句 A team f Danish researchers wndered hw lng xygen levels wuld drp if we culd smehw reduce ur carbn dixide emissins t zer by 2100.
分析 该句为主从复合句。主句主语为A team f Danish researchers ,谓语动词为wndered,后接hw lng引导的宾语从句,宾语从句中含有if引导的条件状语从句。
句意 一组丹麦研究人员想知道,如果我们能用某种方法在2100年前将二氧化碳排放量减少到零,含氧量会下降多久。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。Rehan从小父母离异,经济困难,成为职业拳击手的梦想因为肩膀受伤破灭,他申请大学也被拒绝。可幸运的是他得到贵人帮助,一位教授同意录取Rehan,最终Rehan成功毕业,还在毕业后继续学习并被其他学校录取。
21.B 根据后文“I wasn't eating meals every day”可知,Rehan吃不饱饭,由此推测,家庭有经济困难。physical身体的;financial金融的;emtinal情绪的;spiritual精神的。
22.C 根据前后文“Rehan's studies had the pressure”可知,此处指Rehan的学业承受了巨大的压力,应用greatly。slightly些微地;gradually逐渐地;suddenly突然。
23.C 根据后文“Despite his difficult hme life”可知,此处是在描述家里的情况。有时家里没有电。schl学校;hspital医院;hme家;church教堂。
24.D 根据后文“bxing fr cmfrt”可知,Rehan通过练习拳击来寻求安慰。practise ding sth.“练习做某事”。 teach教学;watch观看;enjy享受。
25.B 后文提到他申请大学,说明他还是想上大学,所以他决定在成为专业拳击手的同时提高学业水平。 suffer遭受;imprve提高;stp停止;perate操作。
26.A 根据后文“his hpe f being a prfessinal player was finished”可知,肩膀受伤导致Rehan成为拳击手的梦想破灭。dream梦想;business生意;judgement判断;life生活。
27.D 根据后文“At last, he had t wrk as a garbage man.”可推测,他被大学拒绝了。treat治疗;receive收到;separate分开;refuse拒绝。
28.A 根据后文“why he was there”可知,同事们想弄清楚他为什么会去当清洁工。figure ut弄清楚;talk abut谈论;make up编造,构成,化妆,和好;pick up捡起。
29.C 根据前后文“They eventually spke t Bates, the 29 f the cmpany”可知,Bates是公司老板。 cleaner清洁工;prfessr教授;wner主人,老板;partner伙伴。
30.D 根据后文“brught him t Bwie State University t meet a prfessr”可知,老板Bates开始照顾Rehan,还带他去见大学教授,短语take sb. under ne's wing表示“庇护某人”。arm胳膊;hand手;nse鼻子。
31.B 根据后文“by his cnversatin with Rehan that he agreed t admit Rehan”可知,教授同意录取Rehan,说明Rehan和他之间的对话令教授印象深刻。wrry担心;impress给……留下深刻印象;encurage鼓励;anny惹恼。
32.D 结合上文可知,Rehan学习努力,赢得了很多荣誉,这是件疯狂的事情,crazy最符合语境。different不同的;bring无聊的;easy容易的;crazy疯狂的。
33.A 根据后文“t g t law schl”指做出去上法学院的决定,make a decisin“做决定”。decisin决定;prmise承诺;recrd记录;cmment评论。
34.B 根据后文“He was accepted int law schls this spring, 2020 at Harvard”可知,Rehan 2018年毕业,2020年被其他大学录取,说明在接下来的一年里,他一边学习,一边在华盛顿市区工作。previus以前的;fllwing接下来的;difficult困难的;happy快乐的。
35.C 根据后文“He was accepted int law schls this spring, 2020 at Harvard, Clumbia, University f Pennsylvania, the University f Suthern Califrnia, and Pepperdine.” 可知,他被其他大学录取,由此推知,他毕业后一直在边工作边学习。write写;think思考;study学习;travel旅行。
【高频词汇】 1.raise v.抚养;提出;筹募 2.under pressure 在压力下 3.prfessinal adj.专业的 4.accidentally adv.意外地
5.apply t向……申请;适用于 6.struggle n. & v.奋斗;挣扎
7.eventually adv.最后 8.admit v.准许进入;承认
9.dwntwn adv.在市中心
长难句分析
原句 Hwever, his dream was ruined when he suffered a shulder injury accidentally and his hpe f being a prfessinal player was finished.
分析 本句为and连接的并列复合句。第一个分句中when引导时间状语从句,主语为his dream,谓语为was ruined;第二个分句中主语中心词为his hpe,谓语为was finished。
句意 然而,由于他意外地肩部受伤,他的梦想被毁了,他成为一名职业选手的希望也破灭了。
第二节
◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了为了更好地保护树木,墨尔本进行了一个给树木写信的项目。
36.t breathe 考查不定式。分析可知,此处应用动词不定式作后置定语,修饰名词clean air,不定式t breathe和所修饰的名词为被动关系。
37.that/which 考查定语从句。分析可知,空格处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为a prgram,关系代词that或which引导定语从句,指物,在从句中作主语。
38.discvered 考查动词时态。根据前文carried和gave可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时。
39.an 考查冠词。句中由形容词修饰的名词result是泛指概念,应用不定冠词限定,形容词unintended是元音音素开头,应用an。
40.easier 考查形容词比较级。根据后文than可知,此处应用形容词easy的比较级,作表语,故填easier。
41.reprts 考查名词复数。名词reprt是可数名词,由sme修饰,应用其复数形式。
42.beauty 考查名词。根据前文形容词性物主代词their可知,此处应用beautiful的名词形式beauty(不可数)和lks并列,作praised的宾语。
43.hw 考查宾语从句。一些人讲述了它们如何帮助自己在恶劣天气中生存下来的故事。分析可知,空格处引导宾语从句,根据句意可知,此处应用连接副词hw表示“如何”。
44.it 考查代词。it turns ut that...“结果是……;证明是……”是固定句型,it是形式主语,that引导的主语从句为真正的主语。
45.planting 考查动名词。根据空格前的介词fr可知,此处应用plant的动名词形式,作介词宾语。
【高频词汇】 为……提供 2.carry ut执行;进行 3.identify v.识别;确认 4.prefer v.更喜欢;偏爱
5.urban adj.城市的,城镇的 6.assign v.分配 7.reductin n.减少;减价 8.nte v.指出
长难句分析
原句 When they carried ut a prgram that gave each tree an email address in rder t help peple identify damage, they discvered that peple preferred t write them lve letters instead.
分析 该句是一个主从复合句。When引导时间状语从句,主句为they discvered...。在When引导的时间状语从句中包含一个由that引导的定语从句。主句中包含一个由that引导的宾语从句。
句意 当他们进行了一个项目,给每棵树一个电子邮件地址,以帮助人们识别伤害时,他们发现人们更喜欢给它们写情书。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One pssible versin:
Dear schlmates,
D yu want the Yangtze River t be beautiful and clean? In rder t prtect the eclgy f the Yangtze River and fish resurces in it, every ne f us shuld be cmmitted t its prtectin.
Firstly, dn't litter in r near this great river. Secndly, plant mre trees alng the riversides t prevent the lss f sil. Finally, we shuld tell peple nt t pipe waste water int it befre it is treated.
Immediate actin shuld be taken and nly by jint effrts can we prtect the wrld's third lngest river.
The Students' Unin
第二节
One pssible versin:
Paragraph 1:
Hwever, frm the grund came a familiar scent as he lwered his head. He fllwed the scent and walked acrss the grassland. Barking ludly int the air, the dg searched thrugh the wds until he fund the huse. But the girl was nt there, s he headed back t the wds. Much t his satisfactin, he saw his mistress' blue shirt in the distance. He flew ver sme bushes and saw the little stream, by which the girl was asleep.
Paragraph 2:
When she pened her eyes, she saw her dg standing beside her. The girl said, “Yu disturbed me, Laddy.” And she kissed him several times. Laddy tgether with the little girl went hme happily. Seeing their daughter and dg cming back, the parents burst int tears f relief. That night Laddy had a her's supper, a huge meal f steak. The parents thanked Laddy very much. It was the brave dg that had saved their lvely little daughter.
1.B
2.A
3.C
4.D
5.A
6.C
7.C
8.D
9.B
10.A
11.C
12.D
13.A
14.C
15.B
16.C
17.A
18.D
19.G
20.F
21.B
22.C
23.C
24.D
25.B
26.A
27.D
28.A
29.C
30.D
31.B
32.D
33.A
34.B
35.C
36.t breathe 37.that/which 38.discvered 39.an
40.easier 41.reprts 42.beauty 43.hw 44.it 45.planting
写作指导
故事
要素
Time
One cludy afternn
Place
in the wds
Character
a seven-year-ld girl and her dg Laddy
What
A little girl lst her way in the wds.
情节
Perid 1
A seven-year-ld girl went fr a walk and lst her way.
Perid 2
Her dg, Laddy sensed that his mistress was in danger.
续写
方向
Part 1
Hwever, frm the grund came a familiar scent as he lwered his head.
①Laddy根据什么找到女主人?
②中间是否有经历波折?
③找到女主人的时候女主人是什么状态?
Part 2
When she pened her eyes, she saw her dg standing beside her.
①小女孩见到小狗Laddy之后的反应如何?
②小女孩的父母如何感谢这只忠诚的小狗?
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