高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection课后练习题

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection课后练习题，共19页。

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.We shuld (抓住) the precius chance, therwise we wuld regret it sner r later.
2.Our cuntry has always been pursuing a (政策)f peace t deal with internatinal affairs.
3.As an English teacher, yu shuld master the current (趋势) in language teaching.
4.The news f the high-speed rail link in this area is sn (播送)all ver the cuntryside.
5.Nw the lw (碳) lifestyle is advcated, which is an imprtant measure t keep sustainable develpment.
6.The reprter has made a (详尽的)reprt n hw the lunar sil was brught t the earth.
Ⅱ.选词填空
have an impact n;refer t;be trapped in;result in;take measures
1.My teacher asked us t the first article in the magazine fr details.
2.The gvernment has prmised t t help the unemplyed.
3.Linda is likely t this strm. If s, she must be in danger.
4.The expert stressed at the cnference that if nt checked, the accident culd a natinal disaster.
5.As a matter f fact, these TV prgrammes his English study. They helped him t prnunce the English wrds better.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.The huse that is being built shuld be (habit) by the new year.
2.The prfessr explained t us what (sustain) ecnmic develpment was.
3.It is said that speed is restricted 30 mph in twns in this cuntry.
4.In cnversatin, he smiles (frequent), which makes peple feel pleased.
5.In sme African cuntries, thusands f peple are n the pint f (starve) t death.
6.As is ften instructed by ur teacher, music is a great channel fr (release) yur emtins.
7.These statistics are imprtant frm an (eclgy) pint f view, because they ffer much supprt t ur lng-term develpment.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
There is little dubt that Earth 1 (get) warmer and warmer. The “man-made” greenhuse effect has cntributed t the climate change.
There is strng and cmprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led t 2 increase in extreme weather and natural 3 (disaster) wrldwide, nt nly causing serius damage, but als csting human lives. Climate scientists have warned that 4 we d nt take apprpriate actins, this warming trend will 5 (prbable) cntinue and there will be a higher price t pay.
Cntinued greenhuse gas emissins will result 6 further warming and lng-lasting changes t the glbal climate, 7 requires the attentin f peple all ver the wrld. Gvernments need t cnsider making plicies and taking apprpriate actins and measures 8 (reduce) greenhuse gas emissins.
We as individuals can als reduce ur “carbn ftprint” by 9 (restrict) the amunt f carbn dixide ur lifestyles prduce. It is ur 10 (respnsible) t seize every pprtunity t educate everyne abut glbal warming, alng with its causes and impacts, because this is the mst serius issue affecting all f us n this planet.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020江西高安中学高二上期末,)
Gases, like black carbn, methane(甲烷)and zne(臭氧) in city smg, are called “shrt-lived climate pllutants(污染物)”, which exist bth utdrs and indrs and decrease agricultural crps.
WHO says emissins f these climate pllutants cause many serius illnesses, including lung cancer. And these pllutants are respnsible fr many f the mre than 7 millin premature deaths each year that are cnnected with air pllutin.
Maria Neira in WHO says the pllutants have a strng impact n climate change. But the gd news is that they nly stay in the atmsphere fr a few days t 10 years. That is much shrter than carbn dixide, a greenhuse gas that can remain fr hundreds r even thusands f years.
Accrding t Maria Neira, when yu address the shrt-lived pllutants, yu can reduce emissins very rapidly, and then imprve air quality. Yu will have an immediate reductin in the ill health and diseases because f the reductin f air pllutin.
WHO has many available and affrdable ways t reduce these shrt-lived climate pllutants. At the tp f the list is cutting vehicle emissins by requiring higher emissin and efficiency standards. Mre emissins are released when engines are running.
Indr air pllutin als cntributes t pr health and premature death. WHO reprts that nearly 3 billin lw-incme husehlds rely n “dirty fuels”. Cal, wd and kersene used fr cking and heating are examples. Cleaner and mre efficient stves and fuel alternatives culd cut dwn n health risks.
Anther way t cut back n these pllutants is t have mre investment and plicies fr rapid transprt. These include buses, trains, bicycles and pedestrian r walking rutes. Such investment culd have many benefits, including safer travel, reduced health risks frm nise and air pllutin and mre physical activity.
The WHO reprt als calls fr encuraging high-incme and middle-incme ppulatins t include mre plant-based fds in their diets. It says this culd reduce the risk f develping heart disease and sme cancers, and culd als slw the methane gas prductin that cmes with sme animal-surced fds.
1.The “shrt-lived climate pllutants” are s called because .
A.they cause many t die yung
B.they exist shrter than greenhuse gases
C.they live indrs fr a shrt time
D.they have a shrt effect n peple's health
2.The underlined wrd “address” in Paragraph 4 means “ ”.
A.live n B.talk abut
C.deal with D.turn t
3.What can be inferred frm the whle passage?
A.Rich peple hardly ever eat plant-based fds in daily life.
B.N emissins are released frm stpped engines.
C.Gvernments shuld take measures t fight pllutin.
D.Heart disease and sme cancers are caused by the pllutants.
4.Which f the fllwing may be the best title f the text?
A.The ways t fight air pllutin
B.Reducing “shrt-lived climate pllutants” t save lives
C.Sme surces f serius air pllutin
D.A reprt n pllutin frm WHO
B
(2021浙江丽水高二下期末,)
Sea urchins (海胆) are small creatures, but what's really remarkable abut them is that they eat anything that happens t flat by. They have really sharp teeth they use t rid rcks f algae (海藻), which makes them pretty valuable especially in places like Hawaii where algae are threatening the cral reefs. In the summer f 2019, 500,000 f them were used t deal with the algae.
The prblem started when nn-native algae were intrduced t the ecsystem f Kanehe Bay in the 1970s. Because they had n enemies, they ended up taking ver the bay, accrding t the Natinal Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). The algae prevented sunlight frm reaching the cral, which in turn affected the lcal fish because they changed the chemistry f the water.
That's when NMFS turned t sea urchins that lve t devur the algae. But they had t grw t the size f a cherry tmat befre they culd be used. Since 2011, sea urchins have been grwn and used t handle the algae prblem. Sme f the funds are available due t an unfrtunate incident.
In 2005, a ship was grunded n a shallw reef near Kanehe Bay. When the ship was remved, 20 acres f reefs have been damaged. When there is envirnmental damage, NMFS and ther agencies receive funds frm the wrngders and the funds are used t restre the damage. Sme funds were spent n ther prjects like the sea urchins. When they are large enugh, divers carefully place them n the reef.
Algae aren't the nly thing that threatens the cral reefs. Climate change and the effects f fishing and turism in the area als endanger the cral reefs. But turning t sea urchins instead f man-made slutins seems like the best way t g.
5.Why are sea urchins regarded as utstanding creatures?
A.They are tiny but have teeth.
B.They can keep the cean clean.
C.They are useful fr remving algae.
D.They grw n cral reefs with algae.
6.What happened after nn-native algae arrived at Kanehe Bay?
A.They helped the cral reefs t survive.
B.They spread t every crner f the bay.
C.They didn't fit in with the new surrundings.
D.They fught against ther species t get fd.
7.What des the underlined wrd “devur” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.Eat. B.Blck.
C.Tease. D.Attract.
8.What des the authr suggest ding t save cral reefs?
A.Relying n human slutins.
B.Banning fishing and turism.
C.Emplying divers t handle algae.
D.Letting nature take care f nature.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2021湖南衡阳八中高二第二次月考,)
Sun Bear
Thugh small,they can be very aggressive,s if yu see ne,dn't mistake it 1 a sft lvely teddy bear!The sun bear lives in trees, 2 yu'll need t keep yur eyes n the tree if yu want t see ne and yu can nly see them in the trpical rain frests in Sutheast Asia.
They are essential t ur ecsystem because they help spread seeds while als keeping disgusting termites(白蚁)under cntrl,which means there is less 3 (destruct)f ur trpical trees, which in turn 4 (mean)ur atmsphere is clean enugh fr us t live 5 (healthy).
When they cme dwn frm the trees, they als dig fr invertebrates(无脊椎动物)in the sil, 6 (imprve)the frest's nutrient cycle by mixing the rich and pr sil.Unfrtunately,their glbal ppulatin 7 (decline)30% ver the last few years,making them the secnd 8 (rare)bear species wrldwide next t the giant panda.
Their tngues are up t 25 cm in 9 (lng)and help them t satisfy their greedy appetite fr hney, 10 smetimes makes them knwn as “hney bears”. Yu can tell the sun bear frm ther bear species by the hrseshe marks n their chest. N tw markings are the same!
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案全解全析
UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础过关练
Ⅰ 2.plicy 3.trend 4.bradcast/bradcasted
5.carbn 6.cmprehensive
Ⅱ t 2.take measures 3.be trapped in 4.result in
5.had an impact n
Ⅲ 考查形容词。句意:这所正在建造的房子到新年时应该就可以住了。此处应用形容词作表语,habitable适于居住的。
2.sustainable 考查形容词。句意:教授向我们解释了什么是经济可持续性发展。此处应用形容词修饰名词develpment。sustainable可持续的。
3.t 考查介词。句意:据说在这个国家,城镇限速每小时30英里。be restricted t局限于……;被限制于……。
4.frequently 考查副词。句意:在谈话中,他经常微笑,这使人们感到愉快。修饰动词smiles,应该用副词。
5.starving 考查动名词。句意:在一些非洲国家,成千上万的人就要饿死了。本题考查n the pint f ding,故填starving。
6.releasing 考查动名词。句意: 正如我们老师经常教导的那样,音乐是宣泄情感的一个好方法。根据句子结构可知,设空处作介词fr的宾语,需要使用动名词,故填releasing。
7.eclgical 考查形容词。句意: 从生态学的角度看,这些统计数据很重要,因为它们为我们的长期发展提供了很多支持。根据句子意思可知,设空处修饰后面的名词短语,需要使用所给词的形容词形式,故填eclgical。
Ⅳ getting 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:几乎没有疑问,地球正变得越来越暖和。根据语境可知应该用现在进行时。主语是Earth,故填is getting。
2.an 考查冠词。句意:有充分而全面的证据表明,气温上升已导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害的增加……。此处表泛指,用不定冠词;increase以元音音素开头,故用冠词an。
3.disasters 考查名词的数。disaster表示“灾难”时为可数名词,空前无限定词,故用复数。natural disasters自然灾害。
4.if 考查条件状语从句。句意:气候科学家警告说,如果我们不采取适当的行动,这种变暖的趋势可能会继续下去,(人们)将付出更高的代价。if引导条件状语从句,表示“如果”。
5.prbably 考查副词。修饰动词cntinue,应该用副词形式。
6.in 考查动词短语。句意:持续的温室气体排放将导致进一步变暖和全球气候的持久变化……。result in导致。
7.which 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整个主句的内容,故用which。
8.t reduce 考查不定式。句意:(各国)政府需要考虑制定政策并采取适当的行动和措施来减少温室气体的排放。动词不定式在此处表示目的。
9.restricting 考查动名词。句意:作为个人,我们也可以通过限制我们的生活方式产生的二氧化碳的量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。by ding sth.意思为“通过做某事”。
10.respnsibility 考查名词。句意:我们的责任是抓住每一个机会就全球变暖以及它的原因和影响教育每个人,因为这是影响这个星球上我们所有人的最严重的问题。由形容词性物主代词ur可以判断,此空填名词,表示“责任”,故用respnsibility。
能力提升练
Ⅰ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是“短期气候污染物”,它们会给人类带来的危害以及可以减少这些污染物排放的方法。
1.B 细节理解题。由文章第三段中的But the gd news is that they nly stay in the atmsphere fr a few days t 10 years. That is much shrter than carbn dixide, a greenhuse gas that can remain fr hundreds r even thusands f years.可知,“短期气候污染物”是由于它们在空气中存在的时间比温室气体短而得名。故选B。
2.C 词义猜测题。由画线单词后的yu can reduce emissins very rapidly, and then imprve air quality. Yu will have an immediate reductin in the ill health and diseases because f the reductin f air pllutin可知,这是解决掉“短期气候污染物”的结果。由此可推知,画线单词的意思是“处理掉,解决掉”。live n靠……生活;talk abut谈论;deal with处理,应付;turn t转向。故选C。
3.C 推理判断题。由第五段中的cutting vehicle emissins by requiring higher emissin and efficiency standards以及倒数第二段中的Anther way t cut back n these pllutants is t have mre investment and plicies fr rapid transprt.可推知,政府应该采取一些措施来治理污染问题。故选C。文章最后一段第一句只是建议高收入和中等收入的人群多食用植物性食物,这并不能推断出富人几乎从不吃植物性食物,A项错误;由文章第五段最后一句可知,当发动机运作时会释放更多的排放物,所以可推断出当发动机不运作时也会释放排放物,B项错误;由文章第二段第一句可知污染物会引发一些严重的疾病,例如肺癌,再由文章最后一段可知,多食用植物性食物可以降低患心脏病和一些癌症的风险,所以,污染物可能会导致一些癌症,但是我们不能推断出它们也会导致心脏病,D项错误。
4.B 主旨大意题。这是一篇说明文,文章前三段介绍了什么是“短期气候污染物”以及它们会给人类带来的危害,后五段提出了解决方案。只有选项B中的“shrt-lived climate pllutants”可与本文主题“短期气候污染物”呼应,其中的Reducing也与最后几个段落中的解决方案呼应。故选B。A项范围太广,没有具体到“短期气候污染物”。
【高频词汇】 1.be respnsible fr是……的原因;对……负责
2.available adj.可获得的 3.affrdable adj.负担得起的
4.cntribute t造成;导致 5.alternative n.可供选择的事物
6.cut dwn n减少 7.investment n.投资;投入
长难句分析
原句 It says this culd reduce the risk f develping heart disease and sme cancers, and culd als slw the methane gas prductin that cmes with sme animal-surced fds.
分析 本句是主从复合句。says后面为省略了that的宾语从句。宾语从句中第二个and连接并列的谓语。that引导定语从句,修饰先行词the methane gas prductin。
句意 它表示,这可能会降低患心脏病和某些癌症的风险,还可能减缓一些伴随动物性食物的甲烷气体的产生。
B
◎语篇解读 海胆之所以被认为是杰出的生物是因为它们可以清除有害藻类。藻类并不是唯一威胁珊瑚礁的东西。气候变化以及该地区渔业和旅游业的影响也威胁着珊瑚礁。但是用海胆代替人工解决方案似乎是最好的选择。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Sea urchins (海胆) are small creatures, but what's really remarkable abut them is algae are threatening the cral reefs.可知海胆之所以被认为是杰出的生物是因为它们可以清除有害藻类。
6.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的The prblem started when nn-native algae were intrduced t the ecsystem f Kanehe Bay in the 1970s. Because they had n enemies, they ended up taking ver the bay,可知非本地藻类到达卡内奥赫湾后,它们没有天敌,最终占领了这个海湾。故选B。
7.A 词义猜测题。根据第一段第一、二句可知海胆喜欢吃任何碰巧漂过的东西,它们的尖牙可以用来清除岩石上的海藻,由此推知,画线词的意思是“吃”。eat吃;blck阻止;tease取笑,戏弄;attract吸引。故选A。
8.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段Algae aren't the nly thing turning t sea urchins instead f man-made slutins seems like the best way t g.可知,作者建议用自然方式来拯救珊瑚礁。
【高频词汇】 1.remarkable adj.非凡的,引人注目的 2.sharp adj.尖的;敏锐的 3.threaten v.威胁 4.take ver 控制;接管 5.in turn相应地;转而 6.fit in with适应;与……合得来
长难句分析
原句 Sea urchins are small creatures, but what's really remarkable abut them is that they eat anything that happens t flat by.
分析 本句为并列复合句,but前的分句为简单句;but后的分句为主从复合句,what's really remarkable abut them为what引导的主语从句,that they eat anything that happens t flat by为that引导的表语从句,其中that happens t flat by为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词anything。
句意 海胆是很小的生物,但是它们真正了不起的是它们吃任何碰巧漂过的东西。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马来熊的相关信息,如栖息地、对大自然的好处、数量变得越来越少等情况。
1.fr/as 考查介词。意为“把……错认为……,把……误当作……”。故填fr/as。
2.s 考查连词。句意:马来熊生活在树上,所以如果你想看它,你需要盯着树……。根据句意可知,空格前后之间是因果关系,所以用连词s。故填s。
3.destructin 考查名词。句意:它们对我们的生态系统至关重要,因为它们有助于传播种子,同时还能控制住令人厌恶的白蚁,这意味着对热带树木的破坏更少,相应地意味着我们的大气足够干净,可以让我们健康地生活。根据空格前的限定词“less”可知,此处应用名词。故填destructin。
4.means 考查主谓一致和时态。分析句子可知,此处是一个which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰其对应的整个主句“there is less destructin f ur trpical trees”,谓语动词应用单数形式;又根据上下文语境可知,此处应用一般现在时。故填means。
5.healthily 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词live。故填healthily。
6.imprving 考查现在分词。句意:当它们从树上下来的时候,它们也会在土壤中挖掘无脊椎动物,通过混合肥沃和贫瘠的土壤改善了森林的营养物循环。分析句子可知,此处应用现在分词作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果。故填imprving。
7.has declined 考查时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语“ver the last few years”可知,此处应用现在完成时;主语“their glbal ppulatin”表示单数意义,所以填has declined。
8.rarest 考查形容词的最高级。根据空格前的“the secnd”可知,此处应用形容词的最高级。故填rarest。
9.length 考查名词。句意:它们的舌头长达25厘米……。in length是固定用法,意为“在长度上”。故填length。
10.which 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰前面的整个主句的内容,从句中缺少主语,所以用which引导该从句。故填which。
【高频词汇】 1.aggressive adj.好斗的,侵略的 把……错认为……,把……误当作…… 3.essential adj.必不可少的,极其重要的 把……与……区分开
长难句分析
原句 They are essential t ur ecsystem because they help spread seeds while als keeping disgusting termites under cntrl,which means there is less destructin f ur trpical trees, which in turn means ur atmsphere is clean enugh fr us t live healthily.
分析 本句为主从复合句。because引导原因状语从句。while als keeping disgusting termites under cntrl为时间状语从句的省略形式,两个which引导的都是非限制性定语从句,第一个非限制性定语从句的先行词为they cntrl,第二个非限制性定语从句的先行词为there is less destructin f ur trpical trees。
句意 它们对我们的生态系统至关重要,因为它们有助于传播种子,同时还能控制住令人厌恶的白蚁,这意味着对热带树木的破坏更少,相应地意味着我们的大气足够干净,可以让我们健康地生活。