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精品解析：2021年湖南省长沙市长郡教育集团中考二模英语试题（解析版+原卷版）
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这是一份精品解析：2021年湖南省长沙市长郡教育集团中考二模英语试题（解析版+原卷版），文件包含精品解析2021年湖南省长沙市长郡教育集团中考二模英语试题原卷版doc、精品解析2021年湖南省长沙市长郡教育集团中考二模英语试题解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共24页， 欢迎下载使用。
注意事项：
1、答题前，请考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的姓名、准考证号、考室和座位号；
2、必须在答题卡上答题，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效；
3、答题时，请考生注意各大题题号后面的答题提示；
4、请勿折叠答题卡，保持字体工整、笔迹清晰、卡面清洁;
5、答题卡上不得使用涂改液、涂改胶和贴纸；
6、本学科试卷中听力材料以中速朗读两遍。
试卷分四个部分，71小题，时量120分钟，满分120分。
I．听力（共两节，满分20分）略
II．阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Accrding t the UN’s traditinal standard, nce a cuntry’s r a regin’s ld peple ver 60 years ld take up 10% f the ttal ppulatin, the cuntry r the regin will be regarded t enter an aging sciety.
1. Frm the chart abve, we can’t knw ________.
A. the ttal ppulatinB. death rateC. the male-t-female rati
2. We can infer frm the chart that ________.
A. China is stepping int an aging sciety
B. mst f the Chinese ppulatin are abve 60
C. there are mre newbrn girls than newbrn bys nw
【答案】1. B 2. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，向我们介绍第七次人口普查的结果。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据“ppulatin 1.4118 billin”和“Male-t-female rati(比例，比率) 105.07”可知，图表显示了总人口和男女比例，没有死亡率，故选B。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据“60 and abve 18.7% (up 5.44 percentage pints frm 2010)”和“Accrding t the UN’s traditinal standard, nce a cuntry’s r a regin’s ld peple ver 60 years ld take up 10% f the ttal ppulatin, the cuntry r the regin will be regarded t enter an aging sciety.”可知，中国60岁以上老年人占总人口的18.7%，超过10%，所以中国正步入老龄化社会。故选A。
B
3. Where can peple make cakes?
A. At Sally’s Club.B. In Fxdale Park.C. At Sunnyside Kitchen.
4. On Saturday mrnings, peple can ________.
A. take a music classB. learn t make cakesC. prtect the envirnment
5. Which f the fllwing is TRUE?
A. All ages are welcmed t exercise at Sally’s Club n Tuesday.
B. Ingredients are free fr peple at Sunnyside Kitchen.
C. Peple can make the city greener at weekends in Fxdale Park.
【答案】3. C 4. C 5. C
【解析】
【分析】文章是一则公告，有才艺培训班、环保活动以及厨艺培训等内容。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Learn t make cakes with Anne”及“Place: Sunnyside Kitchen”可知，在Sunnyside Kitchen可以做蛋糕，故选C。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Help make the big city greener by planting trees”及“Time: 10:00—11:30 a.m. every Saturday and Sunday”可知，在周六早上可以去保护环境，故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Help make the big city greener by planting trees”“Place: Fxdale Park”及“Time: 10:00—11:30 a.m. every Saturday and Sunday”可知，人们可以在周末在Fxdale公园让城市变得更环保，故选C。
C
Japanese film directr Ry Takeuchi’s latest dcumentary, Beynd the Muntain, which was sht in 2020, met Chinese audiences in May this year.
Takeuchi is knwn fr his dcumentaries abut China’s effrts in fighting the COVID-19 including Lng Time N See Wuhan and The Pst-Pandemic Era. This time, his camera aims at China’s pverty alleviatin (脱贫) effrts in Liangshan, Sichuan Prvince.
In the first part f the dcumentary, Takeuchi and his team reached the “cliff (悬崖) village”. They met sme staff frm a lcal bank, knwn as a “mveable bank”. The staff climbed up the muntain t prvide banking services fr the villagers at hme.
The dcumentary als recrded the present life f sme villagers wh mved ut f the cliff village. Nw they are living under the muntain and their huses are prvided by the lcal gvernment. Yu can see many Yi wmen dressed in traditinal clthing are learning t prduce traditinal Yi embridery (刺绣) in the skill training class.
The dcumentary als mentined hw the gvernment tried t prvide mre chances fr lcal children, like a sccer schl c-established by an educatin rganizatin and the tp Spanish sccer club that helped t send talented children t Spain fr further training. “I want t be a ftball star like Wu Lei,” ne by said.
“I hpe mre and mre peple can cme here t see fr themselves ne day. In my pinin, the key t getting rid f the pverty is t let peple knw mre abut this place,” said Takeuchi.
6. Accrding t Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2, Beynd the Muntain ________.
A. came ut t meet Chinese audiences in 2021
B. was the secnd dcumentary abut China directed by Takeuchi
C. reflected China’s pverty alleviatin effrts in Hunan Prvince
7. The lcal bank was called “mveable bank” because ________.
A. the staff always changed their wrking time
B. the staff prvided banking services at villagers’ hmes
C. the staff mved the bank t the tp f the muntain
8. Accrding t the text, we can infer that ________.
A. all the villagers live in the huses prvided by the lcal gvernment
B. Yi wmen make mney by learning t make the mdern Yi embridery
C. children in the cliff village are mre likely t realize their dreams nw
9. What des the underlined wrd “c-established” mean in Paragraph 5?
A. 共同策划B. 共同创办C. 共同培养
10. The purpse f shting Beynd the Muntain is t ________.
A. present peple’s life in Sichuan
B. encurage peple t cme t help
C. praise the Chinese gvernment
【答案】6. A 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍日本电影导演竹内亮的最新纪录片《走近大凉山》。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Japanese film directr Ry Takeuchi’s latest dcumentary, Beynd the Muntain, which was sht in 2020, met Chinese audiences in May this year.”可知，日本电影导演竹内亮的最新纪录片《走近大凉山》于2020年拍摄，今年5月与中国观众见面。故选A。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The staff climbed up the muntain t prvide banking services fr the villagers at hme.”可知，工作人员上山为家里的村民提供银行服务，所以被称作“流动银行”，故选B。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据“The dcumentary als mentined hw the gvernment tried t prvide mre chances fr lcal children”可知，政府现在努力为当地儿童提供更多的机会，所以推测悬崖村的孩子们现在更有可能实现他们的梦想，故选C。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据“like a sccer schl c-established by an educatin rganizatin and the tp Spanish sccer club”可知，比如一所由教育机构和西班牙顶级足球俱乐部共同建立的足球学校，所以此处c-established的意思是“共同创办”，故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据“I hpe mre and mre peple can cme here t see fr themselves ne day. In my pinin, the key t getting rid f the pverty is t let peple knw mre abut this place”可知，竹内亮希望有一天能有越来越多的人来这里亲眼看看，摆脱贫困的关键是让人们更多地了解这个地方，所以拍摄《走近大凉山》的目的是鼓励人们前来帮助，故选B。
D
The wrld is being cvered by plastic. In China, the amunt f plastic waste rse int 14 millin kilgrams last year, but nly abut 9% was recycled. Over 1.32 millin kilgrams f plastic fund its way int the wrld’s ceans, which caused serius pllutin. Luckily, researchers have fund a special kind f bacteria which can help break dwn plastic recently.
The bacteria are s small that we need a micrscpe (显微镜) t see them. They can “eat” plastic by changing its chemicals int smething that will help them grw. The secret t this is enzymes (酶). Bacteria uses enzymes t cause chemical changes.
In 2012, in the decaying (腐烂的) leaves, scientists discvered an enzyme called LCC that slwly brke dwn PET plastic. Mst peple knw PET plastic. It is used in water and sda bttles. Mst PET is thrwn away, but even when it is recycled, it can’t be made int new bttles. Cmpared with ther 100,000 enzymes, it was the best at breaking dwn PET.
T imprve LCC, scientists studied the enzyme and the way it brke dwn the PET. By testing thusands f small changes t the enzyme, they fund a new kind f LCC. It can be alive at higher temperatures, eat PET very quickly and make mst PET plastic reusable. Scientists were satisfied with the result. When the envirnment was just right, the new LCC was able t break dwn 90% f the PET in just ten hurs. The ld enzyme tk abut 20 hurs and nly brke dwn half f the PET.
11. Hw many plastic prducts are recycled in China last year?
A. Abut 1.32 millin kilgrams.
B. Abut 14 millin kilgrams.
C. Abut 1.26 millin kilgrams.
12. Which statement is TRUE abut the bacteria?
A. Bacteria can be seen with ur eyes directly.
B. Bacteria can’t be used t break dwn plastic.
C Enzymes help bacteria change chemicals in plastic.
13. Frm Paragraph 3, we can knw _______.
A. mst PET plastic culd be made int new bttles again
B. an enzyme called LCC was fund in PET plastic in 2012
C. LCC was fund the best at breaking dwn PET plastic
14. Cmpared with the ld LCC, which is NOT the advantage f the new kind f LCC?
A. It can be alive at higher temperatures.
B. It can make all the PET plastic reusable.
C. It can break dwn PET plastic in a faster way.
15. Where can we prbably read this passage?
A. In a strybk.B. In a science reprt.C. In an advertisement.
【答案】11. C 12. C 13. C 14. B 15. B
【解析】
【分析】本文介绍了科学家发现的一种可以快速溶解PET塑料的酶——LCC。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据“In China, the amunt f plastic waste rse int 14 millin kilgrams last year, but nly abut 9% was recycled.”可知，在中国，去年塑料垃圾的数量上升到1400万公斤，但只有9%左右被回收。故选C。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据“They can ‘eat’ plastic by changing its chemicals int smething that will help them grw. The secret t this is enzymes.”可知，酶可以通过将塑料中的化学物质转变成有助于它们生长的东西来“吃”塑料。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据“In 2012, in the decaying leaves, scientists discvered an enzyme called LCC …Cmpared with ther 100,000 enzymes, it was the best at breaking dwn PET.”可知，与其他10万种酶相比，LCC被发现在分解PET塑料方面是最好的，故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据“It can be alive at higher temperatures, eat PET very quickly and make mst PET plastic reusable…When the envirnment was just right, the new LCC was able t break dwn 90% f the PET in just ten hurs. The ld enzyme tk abut 20 hurs and nly brke dwn half f the PET.”可知，LCC可以在更高的温度下存活，很快吃掉PET，并使大多数PET塑料可重复使用，新的LCC能够在短短10小时内分解90%的PET，旧的酶花了大约20个小时，只分解了一半的PET。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。本文介绍了科学家发现的一种可以快速溶解PET塑料的酶——LCC，所以推测可能在科学报道中看到这篇文章，故选B。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
Smetimes it may seem like yur parents dn’t understand yu, and which can lead t a terrible relatinship with them. Hwever, it is imprtant t remain respectful tward yur parents whse nly aim is t be gd fr yu. ____16____ Here are sme suggestins that really cunt!
Be thankful.
The easiest way t shw thanks is t thank them and tell them that yu appreciate wh they are and what they d. ____17____ Fr example, clean the kitchen after dinner r take the trash ut withut being asked.
Practice gd manners.
Manners aren’t just abut which frk t use at the dinner table. Mst imprtantly, yu shuld respect yur parents. Always wish them “GOOD MORNING” and “GOOD NIGHT” at the beginning and end f the day. ____18____ Wrds are pwerful and each f thse wrds carries meaning.
Agree t disagree.
Parents are nt always right, but that desn’t mean yu have t be rude in the prcess f shwing yur pint. ____19____ Maybe yu can write ut reasns and examples that will supprt yur argument. Or, yu can talk t them at a later time. Chse a time when yur parents aren’t busy r stressed t sit dwn and calmly present yur argument.
Shw yur lve.
As yu get lder, yu might frget t shw yur lve t yur parents. Telling yur parents regularly that yu lve them is the best way t shw yur gratitude and appreciatin fr them. They wuldn’t ever get tired f listening. And please hug them if pssible. ____20____ It can bring yu clser t yur parents.
A. And yu are suppsed t say “please” and “thank yu” at hme.
B. Dn’t underestimate (低估) the pwer f physical tuch.
C. What’s mre, yu can d smething small but meaningful.
D. Then, d yu knw hw t be respectful t yur parents?
E. Instead f shuting back t yur parents, calmly and plitely get them t see yur pint f view.
【答案】16. D 17. C 18. A 19. E 20. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍与父母相处的一些建议。
【16题详解】
根据“Hwever, it is imprtant t remain respectful tward yur parents whse nly aim is t be gd fr yu…Here are sme suggestins that really cunt!”可知，重要是要对你的父母保持尊敬，引出作者要就此给出建议，选项D“那么，你知道如何尊重你的父母吗”符合语境，故选D。
【17题详解】
根据“Fr example, clean the kitchen after dinner r take the trash ut withut being asked.”可知，此处谈及可以做的一些事，选项C“更重要的是，你可以做一些小但有意义的事情”符合语境，故选C。
【18题详解】
根据“Practice gd manners.”和“Wrds are pwerful and each f thse wrds carries meaning.”可知，此处提及礼貌的言语，选项A“你应该在家里说‘请’和‘谢谢’”符合语境，故选A。
【19题详解】
根据“Parents are nt always right, but that desn’t mean yu have t be rude in the prcess f shwing yur pint.”和“Chse a time when yur parents aren’t busy r stressed t sit dwn and calmly present yur argument.”可知，本段建议冷静、礼貌地与父母沟通，选项E“不要对你的父母大喊大叫，而是冷静、礼貌地让他们看到你的观点”符合语境，故选E。
【20题详解】
根据“And please hug them if pssible…It can bring yu clser t yur parents.”可知，拥抱会让你和父母更亲近，选项B“不要低估身体接触的力量”符合语境，故选B。
III．语言运用（共三节，满分35分）
第一节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
There was nce a famus scientist wh made several imprtant discveries.
Once he was asked hw he was able t be s _____21_____. He replied that it all came frm an _____22_____ he had with his mther when he was 2 years ld. He was trying t take a bttle f milk ut f the refrigeratr. But the bttle was t slippery (滑的) and he _____23_____ it. The kitchen flr was cvered in milk.
When his mther came int the kitchen, instead f shuting at him r _____24_____ him, she said, “Rbert, what a great and _____25_____ mess yu have made! I have never seen such a huge puddle f milk. Wuld yu like t play in the milk fr a few minutes befre we clean it up?”
S he did. After a few minutes, they cleaned it up tgether. Then his mther said, “This was a _____26_____ experiment (尝试) in hw t carry a big bttle f milk with tw tiny hands. Let’s g ut in the backyard and _____27_____ the bttle with water and see if yu can find a way t carry it withut drpping it.”
The little by learned that if he held the bttle at the tp near the lip with bth hands, he culd carry it withut drpping it. What a wnderful _____28_____!
The scientist then added that it was at that mment that he knew he didn’t need t be afraid t make mistakes. He learned that mistakes are just pprtunities t learn smething new — which is, _____29_____, what scientific experiments are all abut. Even if the experiment desn’t “wrk”, we can _____30_____ learn smething valuable frm it.
21. A. creativeB. attractiveC. famus
22. A. exerciseB. experienceC. expressin
23. A. drppedB. threwC. tk
24. A. praisingB. thankingC. punishing
25. A. dirtyB. terribleC. wnderful
26. A. failedB. successfulC. simple
27. A. giveB. fillC. pur
28. A. lessnB. subjectC. lecture
29. A. abve allB. in allC. after all
30. A. neverB. stillC. seldm
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. B
【解析】
【分析】本文讲述了一名著名科学家小时候的故事。他小时候不小心洒了一瓶牛奶，他的母亲不但没有责备他，反而教他要从失败的经历中进行学习，总结经验。
【21题详解】
句意：有一次，有人问他，他怎么能这么有创造力
creative有创造力的；attractive有吸引力的；famus著名的。根据“There was nce a famus scientist wh made several imprtant discveries.”可知，科学家有几项重要的发现，所以很有创造力，故选A。
【22题详解】
句意：他回答说，这一切都来自于他两岁时和母亲的一次经历。
exercise练习；experience经历，经验；expressin表达。根据“He replied that it all came frm an…he had with his mther when he was 2 years ld.”和后文描述可知，来自于他两岁时和母亲的一次经历，故选B。
【23题详解】
句意：可是瓶子太滑了，他把瓶子弄掉了。
drpped下落；threw扔；tk拿。根据“The kitchen flr was cvered in milk.”可知，瓶子掉在了地上，故选A。
【24题详解】
句意：他妈妈跑到厨房里来，可既没有对他喊叫也没有惩罚他，只是说：“罗伯特，你弄得这一团糟是多么棒啊！”
praising赞扬；thanking感谢；punishing惩罚。根据“When his mther came int the kitchen, instead f shuting at him r…him”可知，虽然他把牛奶打翻了，但是母亲没有冲他大叫或是惩罚他，故选C。
【25题详解】
句意：他妈妈跑到厨房里来，可既没有对他喊叫也没有惩罚他，只是说：“罗伯特，你弄得这一团糟是多么棒啊！”
dirty脏的；terrible糟糕的；wnderful极好的。根据“great”可知，本句母亲是赞许的状态，故选C。
【26题详解】
句意：这是一个用两只小手拿大瓶牛奶的失败实验。
failed失败的；successful成功的；simple简单的。根据“This was a…experiment in hw t carry a big bttle f milk with tw tiny hands.”可知，这个实验失败了，故选A。
【27题详解】
句意：让我们到后院去，把瓶子装满水，看看你有没有办法拿着它不让它掉下去。
give给；fill填满；pur倒。根据“Let’s g ut in the backyard and…the bttle with water”可知，母亲建议用牛奶填满瓶子，再试一次，故选B。
【28题详解】
句意：多么精彩的一课啊！
lessn课，教训；subject科目；lecture讲座。根据“What a wnderful…!”可知，这是母亲教给他的精彩一课，故选A。
【29题详解】
句意：他认识到，错误只是学习新事物的机会——毕竟，这就是科学实验的意义所在。
abve all首先；in all总计；after all毕竟。根据“He learned that mistakes are just pprtunities t learn smething new — which is,…, what scientific experiments are all abut.”可知，错误只是学习新事物的机会，毕竟这就是科学实验的意义所在，故选C。
【30题详解】
句意：即使实验没有“成功”，我们仍然可以从中学到一些有价值的东西。
never从不；still仍然；seldm很少。根据“Even if the experiment desn’t ‘wrk’, we can…learn smething valuable frm it.”可知，即使失败，但仍然可以从中学到一些有价值的东西，故选B。
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The fllwing were three fficials wh lived during the Spring and Autumn Perid (770-476 ВС).
Zichan was the leader f the State f Zheng. He was knwn fr bringing _____31_____ (change) t the state t make it strnger. While ding this, he listened t _____32_____ ideas f cmmn peple. He als carved (刻) new laws n brnze ding (青铜鼎).
Zijian, wh lived in the State f Lu, was an fficial in Chanfu in tday’s Shandng Prvince. Believing in nn-actin (无为), he used peple f integrity (贤人) _____33_____ (help) him. _____34_____ he spent much f his time playing music, peple there lived a _____35_____ (peace) life and thught he did a gd jb f managing the regin.
Then there was Ximen Ba in the Wei State. He wrked in Ye Cunty in tday’s Hebei Prvince. There, every year a girl _____36_____ (give) as a bride (新娘) fr the s-called River Gd. A witch (巫婆) and several bad fficials said this culd stp flds. Ximen Ba stpped this by _____37_____ (thrw) them int the river. Then he built canals (灌溉渠) alng the river and stpped the flds _____38_____ (success).
Accrding _____39_____ the Recrds f the Grand Histrian (《史记》), these three men are rle mdels fr leaders. Zichan made _____40_____ impssible fr peple t cheat him. Zijian made peple nt bear (忍心) t cheat him, while Ximen Ba made peple dare nt t cheat him.
【答案】31. changes
32. the 33. t help
34. Althugh##Thugh
35. peaceful
36. was given
37. thrwing
38. successfully
39. t 40. it
【解析】
【分析】本文向我们介绍春秋时期的三个官员 ，子产、子贱和西门豹。
【31题详解】
句意：他以改变国家使其更强大而闻名。此处在句中作宾语，表示复数含义，使用名词复数形式，故填changes。
【32题详解】
句意：在此过程中，他听取了普通人想法。此处特指普通人的想法，用定冠词the，故填the。
【33题详解】
句意：他相信无为，所以任用正直的人来帮助他。use…t d sth“用……去做……”，故填t help。
【34题详解】
句意：虽然他大部分时间都在演奏音乐，但那里的人们过着平静的生活，认为他把这个地区管理得很好。 前后分句构成让步关系，用althugh/thugh引导让步状语从句，句首需大写首字母，故填Althugh/Thugh。
35题详解】
句意：虽然他大部分时间都在演奏音乐，但那里的人们过着平静的生活，认为他把这个地区管理得很好。此处作定语修饰life，用形容词形式，故填peaceful。
【36题详解】
句意：在那里，每年都会有一个女孩成为河神的新娘。主语a girl是动作give的承受者，时态是一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was given。
【37题详解】
句意：西门豹阻止了他们，把他们扔进了河里。介词by后用动名词形式，故填thrwing。
【38题详解】
句意：然后他沿着河流修建了运河，成功地阻止了洪水。此处在句中修饰动词stpped，用副词形式，故填successfully。
【39题详解】
句意：据《史记》记载，这三人都是领袖的楷模。accrding t“根据”，固定短语，故填t。
【40题详解】
句意：子产使人们无法欺骗他。根据“Zichan made…impssible fr peple t cheat him.”可知，此处是“make it+adj+fr sb t d sth”结构，使用it作形式宾语，故填it。
第三节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
On April 18, a translatr and prfessr f Peking University, Xu Yuanchng, celebrated his 100th birthday. With abundant literary (文学的) knwledge and excellent skills in Chinese, English and French, 1. this prfessr is well-knwn fr building literary bridges between the East and the West.
Xu entered the Natinal Suthwestern Assciated University (Xinan Lianda) in 1938 as a student f English language. 2.He fell in lve with translatin because f his favrite writer Lu Xun, wh translated a lt f freign wrks int Chinese. In 1941, during the War f Resistance Against Japanese Aggressin, 3. 他参军并担任一名翻译。Mst f his translatins were cmpleted and published after 1983 when he started wrking at Peking University.
At the age f 86, Xu was diagnsed (诊断) with cancer and given just seven years t live, but he cnquered (攻克) the disease. When his wife Zha Jun died in 2018, he cried bitterly. 4. Hwever, the ld man sn paid all his attentin back t his wrk. Even nw, he smetimes translates thrugh the night.
“Prfessr Xu’s life is full f legends, struggles, effrts and wisdm. 5. 并且他总鼓励年轻人要努力实现梦想,” says ne f English majrs f Peking University.
41. ________________________________________________
42. ________________________________________________
43. ________________________________________________
44. ________________________________________________
45. ________________________________________________
【答案】41. 这位教授因搭建了/构建了/架起了东西方之间的文学桥梁而著名/为人熟知。
42. 因为/由于他最喜爱的作家鲁迅，他爱上了翻译。
43. he jined the army and wrked as a translatr.
44. 然而，这位老人很快把他所有的注意力放回了工作中。
45. And he always encurages the yung (peple)/yuth/yungsters t wrk hard/make effrts t achieve/realize their dreams/make their dreams cme true./And he always encurages the yung t achieve their dreams with effrts.
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要向我们介绍伟大的翻译家许渊冲。
【41题详解】
this prfessr这位教授；is well-knwn fr因……而著名/为人熟知；building literary bridges between the East and the West搭建了/构建了/架起了东西方之间的文学桥梁。故填：这位教授因搭建了/构建了/架起了东西方之间的文学桥梁而著名/为人熟知。
【42题详解】
He他；fell in lve with translatin爱上了翻译；because f因为/由于；his favrite writer Lu Xun他最喜爱的作家鲁迅。故填：因为/由于他最喜爱的作家鲁迅，他爱上了翻译。
【43题详解】
他he，作主语；参军jin the army；并and；担任一名翻译wrk as a translatr。本句时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填he jined the army and wrked as a translatr.
【44题详解】
Hwever然而；the ld man这位老人；sn很快；paid all his attentin back t his wrk把他所有的注意力放回了工作中。故填：然而，这位老人很快把他所有的注意力放回了工作中。
【45题详解】
并且and；他he；总always；鼓励encurage sb t d sth；年轻人the yung (peple)/yuth/yungsters；努力实现梦想wrk hard/make effrts t achieve/realize their dreams/make their dreams cme true/achieve their dreams with effrts。本句时态是一般现在时，主语是he，动词用三单，故填And he always encurages the yung (peple)/yuth/yungsters t wrk hard/make effrts t achieve/realize their dreams/make their dreams cme true./And he always encurages the yung t achieve their dreams with effrts.
IV．写作（共两节，满分25分）
第一节 （共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
The United Natins believes abut 17 percent f the wrld’s fd ges t waste each year. That amunts t 931 millin tns f fd being thrwn away frm hmes, stres and fd cmpanies.
The infrmatin cmes frm the UN Envirnment Prgram’s Fd Waste Index Reprt 2021. The reprt says fd waste is nt nly a prblem in rich cuntries like Britain and the United States. It happens in pr cuntries, t, where fd can g bad withut cld strage. Mst f the wasted fd — 61 percent cmes frm hmes. The rest cmes frm stres and fd service cmpanies.
Smetimes stres ffer reduced prices n larger amunts f fd, s peple buy t much fd, but they d nt always use it befre it ges bad. Als, the writing n fd cntainers (容器) can be hard t understand. In sme cases, the prducers put a date that shws when the fd will be best t eat. Smetimes the fd is still gd fr a number f days after the date, but peple will thrw it away. Fd administratrs (管理者) in the US have asked prducers t label (标明) their prducts in a way that is easier fr peple t understand.
Researchers say mre attentin shuld be paid t the influence f fd waste n the wrld. In the past few years, because f fd waste, an increasing amunt f land has been required t plant crps. What’s mre, mre frests are als being cleared fr mre fd prductin. If fd waste is reduced, it might be pssible t lessen (减少) the fd prductin.
46. Hw much fd is being wasted frm hmes, stres and fd cmpanies?
____________________________________________
47. Is fd waste a prblem in pr cuntries?
____________________________________________
48. Why d peple smetimes buy t much fd?
____________________________________________
49. Hw can fd prducers help peple reduce fd waste?
____________________________________________
50. What influences des fd waste have n the wrld?
____________________________________________
【答案】46. 931 millin tns.
47. Yes (, it is).
48. Because smetimes stres ffer reduced prices n larger amunts f fd.
49. By labeling their prducts in a way that is easier fr peple t understand.
50. An increasing amunt f land has been required t plant crps and mre frests are als being cleared.
【解析】
【分析】本文介绍了食物浪费这个问题的严重性，并呼吁人们从现在开始停止浪费。
【46题详解】
根据“The United Natins believes abut 17 percent f the wrld’s fd ges t waste each year. That amunts t 931 millin tns f fd being thrwn away frm hmes, stres and fd cmpanies.”可知，联合国认为，世界上每年大约有17%的食物被浪费， 这相当于从家庭、商店和食品公司丢弃的9.31亿吨食品。故填 931 millin tns.
【47题详解】
根据“The reprt says fd waste is nt nly a prblem in rich cuntries like Britain and the United States. It happens in pr cuntries, t”可知，贫穷地区也会发生食物浪费现象。故填Yes (, it is).
【48题详解】
根据“Smetimes stres ffer reduced prices n larger amunts f fd, s peple buy t much fd”可知，有时商店对大量食品降价，所以人们买了太多的食物。故填Because smetimes stres ffer reduced prices n larger amunts f fd.
【49题详解】
根据“Fd administratrs in the US have asked prducers t label their prducts in a way that is easier fr peple t understand.”可知，美国食品管理人员要求生产商以人们更容易理解的方式为其产品贴上标签。故填By labeling their prducts in a way that is easier fr peple t understand.
【50题详解】
根据“In the past few years, because f fd waste, an increasing amunt f land has been required t plant crps. What’s mre, mre frests are als being cleared fr mre fd prductin.”可知，在过去的几年里，由于食物浪费，越来越多的土地被用来种植农作物；更重要的是，为了生产更多的食物，更多的森林也在被砍伐。故填 An increasing amunt f land has been required t plant crps and mre frests are als being cleared.
第二节 书面表达（满分15分）
51. 每年的6月6日为“全国爱眼日（Natinal Eye Day）”。现在，随着课业的增多，很多学生忽视了对眼睛的爱护，导致视力越来越差。为提高学生保护眼睛的意识，学校将举办一个关于如何保护眼睛的演讲比赛，内容包括：
1. 列举不良的用眼习惯；
2. 提出建议；
3. 强调保护眼睛的重要性，呼吁同学们健康用眼。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear classmates,
June 6th is the Natinal Eye Day, which reminds us t prtect ur eyes. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文
Dear classmates,
June 6th is the Natinal Eye Day, which reminds us t prtect ur eyes. Eyes are the windws f ur mind. Withut eyes, nthing is left beside yu but darkness.
Nwadays, mre and mre students play electrnic devices fr a lng time. They dn’t pay attentin t eye health.
Hw can we prtect ur eyes? It’s nt right t keep yur eyes wrking fr a lng time withut having a rest. We are suppsed t pay attentin t eye health and d eye exercises every day. What’s mre, we’d better nt read in strng r lw light. And we shuld try t use as few electrnic prducts as pssible. Last but nt least, d utdr activities and see green plants very ften.
Fllw my advice and frm a gd habit. It’s time t say gdbye t thick glasses.
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】1.题干解读：本文是一篇演讲稿，要求根据提示信息谈论关于如何保护眼睛。注意要点齐全，可适当发挥。
2.写作指导：写作时要以第一和第三人称来行文，时态用一般现在时。作文要分别从不良的用眼习惯、保护眼睛的建议和呼吁学生们注意健康用眼几方面入手。要保证语言连贯，无语法和拼写错误。
●Male-t-female rati(比例，比率) 105.07
●sex rati at birth 111.3
Age grups
●0—14 17.95% (up 1.35 percentage pints frm 2010)
●15—59 63.35% (dwn 6.79 percentage pints frm 2010)
●60 and abve 18.7% (up 5.44 percentage pints frm 2010)
NOTICES
MUSIC
Jazz and hip-hp music
Time: 6—8 p.m. every
Tuesday and Saturday.
Place: Sally’s Club,
32 Admiral Rad
All ages welcme.
$ 15 each class
A GRFFN CITY
Help make the big city greener by planting trees
Time: 10:00—11:30 a.m.
every Saturday and Sunday
Place: Fxdale Park
All ages welcme.
SWEET THINGS
Learn t make cakes with Anne.
Time: 3:00—5:00 p.m. every Sunday
Place: Sunnyside Kitchen, 3A Baker Street (Behind Sunnyside Hall)
All ages welcme.
$ 5 fr ingredients (原材料)
注意事项：
1、答题前，请考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的姓名、准考证号、考室和座位号；
2、必须在答题卡上答题，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效；
3、答题时，请考生注意各大题题号后面的答题提示；
4、请勿折叠答题卡，保持字体工整、笔迹清晰、卡面清洁;
5、答题卡上不得使用涂改液、涂改胶和贴纸；
6、本学科试卷中听力材料以中速朗读两遍。
试卷分四个部分，71小题，时量120分钟，满分120分。
I．听力（共两节，满分20分）略
II．阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Accrding t the UN’s traditinal standard, nce a cuntry’s r a regin’s ld peple ver 60 years ld take up 10% f the ttal ppulatin, the cuntry r the regin will be regarded t enter an aging sciety.
1. Frm the chart abve, we can’t knw ________.
A. the ttal ppulatinB. death rateC. the male-t-female rati
2. We can infer frm the chart that ________.
A. China is stepping int an aging sciety
B. mst f the Chinese ppulatin are abve 60
C. there are mre newbrn girls than newbrn bys nw
【答案】1. B 2. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，向我们介绍第七次人口普查的结果。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据“ppulatin 1.4118 billin”和“Male-t-female rati(比例，比率) 105.07”可知，图表显示了总人口和男女比例，没有死亡率，故选B。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据“60 and abve 18.7% (up 5.44 percentage pints frm 2010)”和“Accrding t the UN’s traditinal standard, nce a cuntry’s r a regin’s ld peple ver 60 years ld take up 10% f the ttal ppulatin, the cuntry r the regin will be regarded t enter an aging sciety.”可知，中国60岁以上老年人占总人口的18.7%，超过10%，所以中国正步入老龄化社会。故选A。
B
3. Where can peple make cakes?
A. At Sally’s Club.B. In Fxdale Park.C. At Sunnyside Kitchen.
4. On Saturday mrnings, peple can ________.
A. take a music classB. learn t make cakesC. prtect the envirnment
5. Which f the fllwing is TRUE?
A. All ages are welcmed t exercise at Sally’s Club n Tuesday.
B. Ingredients are free fr peple at Sunnyside Kitchen.
C. Peple can make the city greener at weekends in Fxdale Park.
【答案】3. C 4. C 5. C
【解析】
【分析】文章是一则公告，有才艺培训班、环保活动以及厨艺培训等内容。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Learn t make cakes with Anne”及“Place: Sunnyside Kitchen”可知，在Sunnyside Kitchen可以做蛋糕，故选C。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Help make the big city greener by planting trees”及“Time: 10:00—11:30 a.m. every Saturday and Sunday”可知，在周六早上可以去保护环境，故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Help make the big city greener by planting trees”“Place: Fxdale Park”及“Time: 10:00—11:30 a.m. every Saturday and Sunday”可知，人们可以在周末在Fxdale公园让城市变得更环保，故选C。
C
Japanese film directr Ry Takeuchi’s latest dcumentary, Beynd the Muntain, which was sht in 2020, met Chinese audiences in May this year.
Takeuchi is knwn fr his dcumentaries abut China’s effrts in fighting the COVID-19 including Lng Time N See Wuhan and The Pst-Pandemic Era. This time, his camera aims at China’s pverty alleviatin (脱贫) effrts in Liangshan, Sichuan Prvince.
In the first part f the dcumentary, Takeuchi and his team reached the “cliff (悬崖) village”. They met sme staff frm a lcal bank, knwn as a “mveable bank”. The staff climbed up the muntain t prvide banking services fr the villagers at hme.
The dcumentary als recrded the present life f sme villagers wh mved ut f the cliff village. Nw they are living under the muntain and their huses are prvided by the lcal gvernment. Yu can see many Yi wmen dressed in traditinal clthing are learning t prduce traditinal Yi embridery (刺绣) in the skill training class.
The dcumentary als mentined hw the gvernment tried t prvide mre chances fr lcal children, like a sccer schl c-established by an educatin rganizatin and the tp Spanish sccer club that helped t send talented children t Spain fr further training. “I want t be a ftball star like Wu Lei,” ne by said.
“I hpe mre and mre peple can cme here t see fr themselves ne day. In my pinin, the key t getting rid f the pverty is t let peple knw mre abut this place,” said Takeuchi.
6. Accrding t Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2, Beynd the Muntain ________.
A. came ut t meet Chinese audiences in 2021
B. was the secnd dcumentary abut China directed by Takeuchi
C. reflected China’s pverty alleviatin effrts in Hunan Prvince
7. The lcal bank was called “mveable bank” because ________.
A. the staff always changed their wrking time
B. the staff prvided banking services at villagers’ hmes
C. the staff mved the bank t the tp f the muntain
8. Accrding t the text, we can infer that ________.
A. all the villagers live in the huses prvided by the lcal gvernment
B. Yi wmen make mney by learning t make the mdern Yi embridery
C. children in the cliff village are mre likely t realize their dreams nw
9. What des the underlined wrd “c-established” mean in Paragraph 5?
A. 共同策划B. 共同创办C. 共同培养
10. The purpse f shting Beynd the Muntain is t ________.
A. present peple’s life in Sichuan
B. encurage peple t cme t help
C. praise the Chinese gvernment
【答案】6. A 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍日本电影导演竹内亮的最新纪录片《走近大凉山》。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Japanese film directr Ry Takeuchi’s latest dcumentary, Beynd the Muntain, which was sht in 2020, met Chinese audiences in May this year.”可知，日本电影导演竹内亮的最新纪录片《走近大凉山》于2020年拍摄，今年5月与中国观众见面。故选A。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The staff climbed up the muntain t prvide banking services fr the villagers at hme.”可知，工作人员上山为家里的村民提供银行服务，所以被称作“流动银行”，故选B。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据“The dcumentary als mentined hw the gvernment tried t prvide mre chances fr lcal children”可知，政府现在努力为当地儿童提供更多的机会，所以推测悬崖村的孩子们现在更有可能实现他们的梦想，故选C。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据“like a sccer schl c-established by an educatin rganizatin and the tp Spanish sccer club”可知，比如一所由教育机构和西班牙顶级足球俱乐部共同建立的足球学校，所以此处c-established的意思是“共同创办”，故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据“I hpe mre and mre peple can cme here t see fr themselves ne day. In my pinin, the key t getting rid f the pverty is t let peple knw mre abut this place”可知，竹内亮希望有一天能有越来越多的人来这里亲眼看看，摆脱贫困的关键是让人们更多地了解这个地方，所以拍摄《走近大凉山》的目的是鼓励人们前来帮助，故选B。
D
The wrld is being cvered by plastic. In China, the amunt f plastic waste rse int 14 millin kilgrams last year, but nly abut 9% was recycled. Over 1.32 millin kilgrams f plastic fund its way int the wrld’s ceans, which caused serius pllutin. Luckily, researchers have fund a special kind f bacteria which can help break dwn plastic recently.
The bacteria are s small that we need a micrscpe (显微镜) t see them. They can “eat” plastic by changing its chemicals int smething that will help them grw. The secret t this is enzymes (酶). Bacteria uses enzymes t cause chemical changes.
In 2012, in the decaying (腐烂的) leaves, scientists discvered an enzyme called LCC that slwly brke dwn PET plastic. Mst peple knw PET plastic. It is used in water and sda bttles. Mst PET is thrwn away, but even when it is recycled, it can’t be made int new bttles. Cmpared with ther 100,000 enzymes, it was the best at breaking dwn PET.
T imprve LCC, scientists studied the enzyme and the way it brke dwn the PET. By testing thusands f small changes t the enzyme, they fund a new kind f LCC. It can be alive at higher temperatures, eat PET very quickly and make mst PET plastic reusable. Scientists were satisfied with the result. When the envirnment was just right, the new LCC was able t break dwn 90% f the PET in just ten hurs. The ld enzyme tk abut 20 hurs and nly brke dwn half f the PET.
11. Hw many plastic prducts are recycled in China last year?
A. Abut 1.32 millin kilgrams.
B. Abut 14 millin kilgrams.
C. Abut 1.26 millin kilgrams.
12. Which statement is TRUE abut the bacteria?
A. Bacteria can be seen with ur eyes directly.
B. Bacteria can’t be used t break dwn plastic.
C Enzymes help bacteria change chemicals in plastic.
13. Frm Paragraph 3, we can knw _______.
A. mst PET plastic culd be made int new bttles again
B. an enzyme called LCC was fund in PET plastic in 2012
C. LCC was fund the best at breaking dwn PET plastic
14. Cmpared with the ld LCC, which is NOT the advantage f the new kind f LCC?
A. It can be alive at higher temperatures.
B. It can make all the PET plastic reusable.
C. It can break dwn PET plastic in a faster way.
15. Where can we prbably read this passage?
A. In a strybk.B. In a science reprt.C. In an advertisement.
【答案】11. C 12. C 13. C 14. B 15. B
【解析】
【分析】本文介绍了科学家发现的一种可以快速溶解PET塑料的酶——LCC。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据“In China, the amunt f plastic waste rse int 14 millin kilgrams last year, but nly abut 9% was recycled.”可知，在中国，去年塑料垃圾的数量上升到1400万公斤，但只有9%左右被回收。故选C。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据“They can ‘eat’ plastic by changing its chemicals int smething that will help them grw. The secret t this is enzymes.”可知，酶可以通过将塑料中的化学物质转变成有助于它们生长的东西来“吃”塑料。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据“In 2012, in the decaying leaves, scientists discvered an enzyme called LCC …Cmpared with ther 100,000 enzymes, it was the best at breaking dwn PET.”可知，与其他10万种酶相比，LCC被发现在分解PET塑料方面是最好的，故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据“It can be alive at higher temperatures, eat PET very quickly and make mst PET plastic reusable…When the envirnment was just right, the new LCC was able t break dwn 90% f the PET in just ten hurs. The ld enzyme tk abut 20 hurs and nly brke dwn half f the PET.”可知，LCC可以在更高的温度下存活，很快吃掉PET，并使大多数PET塑料可重复使用，新的LCC能够在短短10小时内分解90%的PET，旧的酶花了大约20个小时，只分解了一半的PET。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。本文介绍了科学家发现的一种可以快速溶解PET塑料的酶——LCC，所以推测可能在科学报道中看到这篇文章，故选B。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
Smetimes it may seem like yur parents dn’t understand yu, and which can lead t a terrible relatinship with them. Hwever, it is imprtant t remain respectful tward yur parents whse nly aim is t be gd fr yu. ____16____ Here are sme suggestins that really cunt!
Be thankful.
The easiest way t shw thanks is t thank them and tell them that yu appreciate wh they are and what they d. ____17____ Fr example, clean the kitchen after dinner r take the trash ut withut being asked.
Practice gd manners.
Manners aren’t just abut which frk t use at the dinner table. Mst imprtantly, yu shuld respect yur parents. Always wish them “GOOD MORNING” and “GOOD NIGHT” at the beginning and end f the day. ____18____ Wrds are pwerful and each f thse wrds carries meaning.
Agree t disagree.
Parents are nt always right, but that desn’t mean yu have t be rude in the prcess f shwing yur pint. ____19____ Maybe yu can write ut reasns and examples that will supprt yur argument. Or, yu can talk t them at a later time. Chse a time when yur parents aren’t busy r stressed t sit dwn and calmly present yur argument.
Shw yur lve.
As yu get lder, yu might frget t shw yur lve t yur parents. Telling yur parents regularly that yu lve them is the best way t shw yur gratitude and appreciatin fr them. They wuldn’t ever get tired f listening. And please hug them if pssible. ____20____ It can bring yu clser t yur parents.
A. And yu are suppsed t say “please” and “thank yu” at hme.
B. Dn’t underestimate (低估) the pwer f physical tuch.
C. What’s mre, yu can d smething small but meaningful.
D. Then, d yu knw hw t be respectful t yur parents?
E. Instead f shuting back t yur parents, calmly and plitely get them t see yur pint f view.
【答案】16. D 17. C 18. A 19. E 20. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍与父母相处的一些建议。
【16题详解】
根据“Hwever, it is imprtant t remain respectful tward yur parents whse nly aim is t be gd fr yu…Here are sme suggestins that really cunt!”可知，重要是要对你的父母保持尊敬，引出作者要就此给出建议，选项D“那么，你知道如何尊重你的父母吗”符合语境，故选D。
【17题详解】
根据“Fr example, clean the kitchen after dinner r take the trash ut withut being asked.”可知，此处谈及可以做的一些事，选项C“更重要的是，你可以做一些小但有意义的事情”符合语境，故选C。
【18题详解】
根据“Practice gd manners.”和“Wrds are pwerful and each f thse wrds carries meaning.”可知，此处提及礼貌的言语，选项A“你应该在家里说‘请’和‘谢谢’”符合语境，故选A。
【19题详解】
根据“Parents are nt always right, but that desn’t mean yu have t be rude in the prcess f shwing yur pint.”和“Chse a time when yur parents aren’t busy r stressed t sit dwn and calmly present yur argument.”可知，本段建议冷静、礼貌地与父母沟通，选项E“不要对你的父母大喊大叫，而是冷静、礼貌地让他们看到你的观点”符合语境，故选E。
【20题详解】
根据“And please hug them if pssible…It can bring yu clser t yur parents.”可知，拥抱会让你和父母更亲近，选项B“不要低估身体接触的力量”符合语境，故选B。
III．语言运用（共三节，满分35分）
第一节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
There was nce a famus scientist wh made several imprtant discveries.
Once he was asked hw he was able t be s _____21_____. He replied that it all came frm an _____22_____ he had with his mther when he was 2 years ld. He was trying t take a bttle f milk ut f the refrigeratr. But the bttle was t slippery (滑的) and he _____23_____ it. The kitchen flr was cvered in milk.
When his mther came int the kitchen, instead f shuting at him r _____24_____ him, she said, “Rbert, what a great and _____25_____ mess yu have made! I have never seen such a huge puddle f milk. Wuld yu like t play in the milk fr a few minutes befre we clean it up?”
S he did. After a few minutes, they cleaned it up tgether. Then his mther said, “This was a _____26_____ experiment (尝试) in hw t carry a big bttle f milk with tw tiny hands. Let’s g ut in the backyard and _____27_____ the bttle with water and see if yu can find a way t carry it withut drpping it.”
The little by learned that if he held the bttle at the tp near the lip with bth hands, he culd carry it withut drpping it. What a wnderful _____28_____!
The scientist then added that it was at that mment that he knew he didn’t need t be afraid t make mistakes. He learned that mistakes are just pprtunities t learn smething new — which is, _____29_____, what scientific experiments are all abut. Even if the experiment desn’t “wrk”, we can _____30_____ learn smething valuable frm it.
21. A. creativeB. attractiveC. famus
22. A. exerciseB. experienceC. expressin
23. A. drppedB. threwC. tk
24. A. praisingB. thankingC. punishing
25. A. dirtyB. terribleC. wnderful
26. A. failedB. successfulC. simple
27. A. giveB. fillC. pur
28. A. lessnB. subjectC. lecture
29. A. abve allB. in allC. after all
30. A. neverB. stillC. seldm
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. B
【解析】
【分析】本文讲述了一名著名科学家小时候的故事。他小时候不小心洒了一瓶牛奶，他的母亲不但没有责备他，反而教他要从失败的经历中进行学习，总结经验。
【21题详解】
句意：有一次，有人问他，他怎么能这么有创造力
creative有创造力的；attractive有吸引力的；famus著名的。根据“There was nce a famus scientist wh made several imprtant discveries.”可知，科学家有几项重要的发现，所以很有创造力，故选A。
【22题详解】
句意：他回答说，这一切都来自于他两岁时和母亲的一次经历。
exercise练习；experience经历，经验；expressin表达。根据“He replied that it all came frm an…he had with his mther when he was 2 years ld.”和后文描述可知，来自于他两岁时和母亲的一次经历，故选B。
【23题详解】
句意：可是瓶子太滑了，他把瓶子弄掉了。
drpped下落；threw扔；tk拿。根据“The kitchen flr was cvered in milk.”可知，瓶子掉在了地上，故选A。
【24题详解】
句意：他妈妈跑到厨房里来，可既没有对他喊叫也没有惩罚他，只是说：“罗伯特，你弄得这一团糟是多么棒啊！”
praising赞扬；thanking感谢；punishing惩罚。根据“When his mther came int the kitchen, instead f shuting at him r…him”可知，虽然他把牛奶打翻了，但是母亲没有冲他大叫或是惩罚他，故选C。
【25题详解】
句意：他妈妈跑到厨房里来，可既没有对他喊叫也没有惩罚他，只是说：“罗伯特，你弄得这一团糟是多么棒啊！”
dirty脏的；terrible糟糕的；wnderful极好的。根据“great”可知，本句母亲是赞许的状态，故选C。
【26题详解】
句意：这是一个用两只小手拿大瓶牛奶的失败实验。
failed失败的；successful成功的；simple简单的。根据“This was a…experiment in hw t carry a big bttle f milk with tw tiny hands.”可知，这个实验失败了，故选A。
【27题详解】
句意：让我们到后院去，把瓶子装满水，看看你有没有办法拿着它不让它掉下去。
give给；fill填满；pur倒。根据“Let’s g ut in the backyard and…the bttle with water”可知，母亲建议用牛奶填满瓶子，再试一次，故选B。
【28题详解】
句意：多么精彩的一课啊！
lessn课，教训；subject科目；lecture讲座。根据“What a wnderful…!”可知，这是母亲教给他的精彩一课，故选A。
【29题详解】
句意：他认识到，错误只是学习新事物的机会——毕竟，这就是科学实验的意义所在。
abve all首先；in all总计；after all毕竟。根据“He learned that mistakes are just pprtunities t learn smething new — which is,…, what scientific experiments are all abut.”可知，错误只是学习新事物的机会，毕竟这就是科学实验的意义所在，故选C。
【30题详解】
句意：即使实验没有“成功”，我们仍然可以从中学到一些有价值的东西。
never从不；still仍然；seldm很少。根据“Even if the experiment desn’t ‘wrk’, we can…learn smething valuable frm it.”可知，即使失败，但仍然可以从中学到一些有价值的东西，故选B。
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The fllwing were three fficials wh lived during the Spring and Autumn Perid (770-476 ВС).
Zichan was the leader f the State f Zheng. He was knwn fr bringing _____31_____ (change) t the state t make it strnger. While ding this, he listened t _____32_____ ideas f cmmn peple. He als carved (刻) new laws n brnze ding (青铜鼎).
Zijian, wh lived in the State f Lu, was an fficial in Chanfu in tday’s Shandng Prvince. Believing in nn-actin (无为), he used peple f integrity (贤人) _____33_____ (help) him. _____34_____ he spent much f his time playing music, peple there lived a _____35_____ (peace) life and thught he did a gd jb f managing the regin.
Then there was Ximen Ba in the Wei State. He wrked in Ye Cunty in tday’s Hebei Prvince. There, every year a girl _____36_____ (give) as a bride (新娘) fr the s-called River Gd. A witch (巫婆) and several bad fficials said this culd stp flds. Ximen Ba stpped this by _____37_____ (thrw) them int the river. Then he built canals (灌溉渠) alng the river and stpped the flds _____38_____ (success).
Accrding _____39_____ the Recrds f the Grand Histrian (《史记》), these three men are rle mdels fr leaders. Zichan made _____40_____ impssible fr peple t cheat him. Zijian made peple nt bear (忍心) t cheat him, while Ximen Ba made peple dare nt t cheat him.
【答案】31. changes
32. the 33. t help
34. Althugh##Thugh
35. peaceful
36. was given
37. thrwing
38. successfully
39. t 40. it
【解析】
【分析】本文向我们介绍春秋时期的三个官员 ，子产、子贱和西门豹。
【31题详解】
句意：他以改变国家使其更强大而闻名。此处在句中作宾语，表示复数含义，使用名词复数形式，故填changes。
【32题详解】
句意：在此过程中，他听取了普通人想法。此处特指普通人的想法，用定冠词the，故填the。
【33题详解】
句意：他相信无为，所以任用正直的人来帮助他。use…t d sth“用……去做……”，故填t help。
【34题详解】
句意：虽然他大部分时间都在演奏音乐，但那里的人们过着平静的生活，认为他把这个地区管理得很好。 前后分句构成让步关系，用althugh/thugh引导让步状语从句，句首需大写首字母，故填Althugh/Thugh。
35题详解】
句意：虽然他大部分时间都在演奏音乐，但那里的人们过着平静的生活，认为他把这个地区管理得很好。此处作定语修饰life，用形容词形式，故填peaceful。
【36题详解】
句意：在那里，每年都会有一个女孩成为河神的新娘。主语a girl是动作give的承受者，时态是一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was given。
【37题详解】
句意：西门豹阻止了他们，把他们扔进了河里。介词by后用动名词形式，故填thrwing。
【38题详解】
句意：然后他沿着河流修建了运河，成功地阻止了洪水。此处在句中修饰动词stpped，用副词形式，故填successfully。
【39题详解】
句意：据《史记》记载，这三人都是领袖的楷模。accrding t“根据”，固定短语，故填t。
【40题详解】
句意：子产使人们无法欺骗他。根据“Zichan made…impssible fr peple t cheat him.”可知，此处是“make it+adj+fr sb t d sth”结构，使用it作形式宾语，故填it。
第三节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
On April 18, a translatr and prfessr f Peking University, Xu Yuanchng, celebrated his 100th birthday. With abundant literary (文学的) knwledge and excellent skills in Chinese, English and French, 1. this prfessr is well-knwn fr building literary bridges between the East and the West.
Xu entered the Natinal Suthwestern Assciated University (Xinan Lianda) in 1938 as a student f English language. 2.He fell in lve with translatin because f his favrite writer Lu Xun, wh translated a lt f freign wrks int Chinese. In 1941, during the War f Resistance Against Japanese Aggressin, 3. 他参军并担任一名翻译。Mst f his translatins were cmpleted and published after 1983 when he started wrking at Peking University.
At the age f 86, Xu was diagnsed (诊断) with cancer and given just seven years t live, but he cnquered (攻克) the disease. When his wife Zha Jun died in 2018, he cried bitterly. 4. Hwever, the ld man sn paid all his attentin back t his wrk. Even nw, he smetimes translates thrugh the night.
“Prfessr Xu’s life is full f legends, struggles, effrts and wisdm. 5. 并且他总鼓励年轻人要努力实现梦想,” says ne f English majrs f Peking University.
41. ________________________________________________
42. ________________________________________________
43. ________________________________________________
44. ________________________________________________
45. ________________________________________________
【答案】41. 这位教授因搭建了/构建了/架起了东西方之间的文学桥梁而著名/为人熟知。
42. 因为/由于他最喜爱的作家鲁迅，他爱上了翻译。
43. he jined the army and wrked as a translatr.
44. 然而，这位老人很快把他所有的注意力放回了工作中。
45. And he always encurages the yung (peple)/yuth/yungsters t wrk hard/make effrts t achieve/realize their dreams/make their dreams cme true./And he always encurages the yung t achieve their dreams with effrts.
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要向我们介绍伟大的翻译家许渊冲。
【41题详解】
this prfessr这位教授；is well-knwn fr因……而著名/为人熟知；building literary bridges between the East and the West搭建了/构建了/架起了东西方之间的文学桥梁。故填：这位教授因搭建了/构建了/架起了东西方之间的文学桥梁而著名/为人熟知。
【42题详解】
He他；fell in lve with translatin爱上了翻译；because f因为/由于；his favrite writer Lu Xun他最喜爱的作家鲁迅。故填：因为/由于他最喜爱的作家鲁迅，他爱上了翻译。
【43题详解】
他he，作主语；参军jin the army；并and；担任一名翻译wrk as a translatr。本句时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填he jined the army and wrked as a translatr.
【44题详解】
Hwever然而；the ld man这位老人；sn很快；paid all his attentin back t his wrk把他所有的注意力放回了工作中。故填：然而，这位老人很快把他所有的注意力放回了工作中。
【45题详解】
并且and；他he；总always；鼓励encurage sb t d sth；年轻人the yung (peple)/yuth/yungsters；努力实现梦想wrk hard/make effrts t achieve/realize their dreams/make their dreams cme true/achieve their dreams with effrts。本句时态是一般现在时，主语是he，动词用三单，故填And he always encurages the yung (peple)/yuth/yungsters t wrk hard/make effrts t achieve/realize their dreams/make their dreams cme true./And he always encurages the yung t achieve their dreams with effrts.
IV．写作（共两节，满分25分）
第一节 （共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
The United Natins believes abut 17 percent f the wrld’s fd ges t waste each year. That amunts t 931 millin tns f fd being thrwn away frm hmes, stres and fd cmpanies.
The infrmatin cmes frm the UN Envirnment Prgram’s Fd Waste Index Reprt 2021. The reprt says fd waste is nt nly a prblem in rich cuntries like Britain and the United States. It happens in pr cuntries, t, where fd can g bad withut cld strage. Mst f the wasted fd — 61 percent cmes frm hmes. The rest cmes frm stres and fd service cmpanies.
Smetimes stres ffer reduced prices n larger amunts f fd, s peple buy t much fd, but they d nt always use it befre it ges bad. Als, the writing n fd cntainers (容器) can be hard t understand. In sme cases, the prducers put a date that shws when the fd will be best t eat. Smetimes the fd is still gd fr a number f days after the date, but peple will thrw it away. Fd administratrs (管理者) in the US have asked prducers t label (标明) their prducts in a way that is easier fr peple t understand.
Researchers say mre attentin shuld be paid t the influence f fd waste n the wrld. In the past few years, because f fd waste, an increasing amunt f land has been required t plant crps. What’s mre, mre frests are als being cleared fr mre fd prductin. If fd waste is reduced, it might be pssible t lessen (减少) the fd prductin.
46. Hw much fd is being wasted frm hmes, stres and fd cmpanies?
____________________________________________
47. Is fd waste a prblem in pr cuntries?
____________________________________________
48. Why d peple smetimes buy t much fd?
____________________________________________
49. Hw can fd prducers help peple reduce fd waste?
____________________________________________
50. What influences des fd waste have n the wrld?
____________________________________________
【答案】46. 931 millin tns.
47. Yes (, it is).
48. Because smetimes stres ffer reduced prices n larger amunts f fd.
49. By labeling their prducts in a way that is easier fr peple t understand.
50. An increasing amunt f land has been required t plant crps and mre frests are als being cleared.
【解析】
【分析】本文介绍了食物浪费这个问题的严重性，并呼吁人们从现在开始停止浪费。
【46题详解】
根据“The United Natins believes abut 17 percent f the wrld’s fd ges t waste each year. That amunts t 931 millin tns f fd being thrwn away frm hmes, stres and fd cmpanies.”可知，联合国认为，世界上每年大约有17%的食物被浪费， 这相当于从家庭、商店和食品公司丢弃的9.31亿吨食品。故填 931 millin tns.
【47题详解】
根据“The reprt says fd waste is nt nly a prblem in rich cuntries like Britain and the United States. It happens in pr cuntries, t”可知，贫穷地区也会发生食物浪费现象。故填Yes (, it is).
【48题详解】
根据“Smetimes stres ffer reduced prices n larger amunts f fd, s peple buy t much fd”可知，有时商店对大量食品降价，所以人们买了太多的食物。故填Because smetimes stres ffer reduced prices n larger amunts f fd.
【49题详解】
根据“Fd administratrs in the US have asked prducers t label their prducts in a way that is easier fr peple t understand.”可知，美国食品管理人员要求生产商以人们更容易理解的方式为其产品贴上标签。故填By labeling their prducts in a way that is easier fr peple t understand.
【50题详解】
根据“In the past few years, because f fd waste, an increasing amunt f land has been required t plant crps. What’s mre, mre frests are als being cleared fr mre fd prductin.”可知，在过去的几年里，由于食物浪费，越来越多的土地被用来种植农作物；更重要的是，为了生产更多的食物，更多的森林也在被砍伐。故填 An increasing amunt f land has been required t plant crps and mre frests are als being cleared.
第二节 书面表达（满分15分）
51. 每年的6月6日为“全国爱眼日（Natinal Eye Day）”。现在，随着课业的增多，很多学生忽视了对眼睛的爱护，导致视力越来越差。为提高学生保护眼睛的意识，学校将举办一个关于如何保护眼睛的演讲比赛，内容包括：
1. 列举不良的用眼习惯；
2. 提出建议；
3. 强调保护眼睛的重要性，呼吁同学们健康用眼。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear classmates,
June 6th is the Natinal Eye Day, which reminds us t prtect ur eyes. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文
Dear classmates,
June 6th is the Natinal Eye Day, which reminds us t prtect ur eyes. Eyes are the windws f ur mind. Withut eyes, nthing is left beside yu but darkness.
Nwadays, mre and mre students play electrnic devices fr a lng time. They dn’t pay attentin t eye health.
Hw can we prtect ur eyes? It’s nt right t keep yur eyes wrking fr a lng time withut having a rest. We are suppsed t pay attentin t eye health and d eye exercises every day. What’s mre, we’d better nt read in strng r lw light. And we shuld try t use as few electrnic prducts as pssible. Last but nt least, d utdr activities and see green plants very ften.
Fllw my advice and frm a gd habit. It’s time t say gdbye t thick glasses.
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】1.题干解读：本文是一篇演讲稿，要求根据提示信息谈论关于如何保护眼睛。注意要点齐全，可适当发挥。
2.写作指导：写作时要以第一和第三人称来行文，时态用一般现在时。作文要分别从不良的用眼习惯、保护眼睛的建议和呼吁学生们注意健康用眼几方面入手。要保证语言连贯，无语法和拼写错误。
●Male-t-female rati(比例，比率) 105.07
●sex rati at birth 111.3
Age grups
●0—14 17.95% (up 1.35 percentage pints frm 2010)
●15—59 63.35% (dwn 6.79 percentage pints frm 2010)
●60 and abve 18.7% (up 5.44 percentage pints frm 2010)
NOTICES
MUSIC
Jazz and hip-hp music
Time: 6—8 p.m. every
Tuesday and Saturday.
Place: Sally’s Club,
32 Admiral Rad
All ages welcme.
$ 15 each class
A GRFFN CITY
Help make the big city greener by planting trees
Time: 10:00—11:30 a.m.
every Saturday and Sunday
Place: Fxdale Park
All ages welcme.
SWEET THINGS
Learn t make cakes with Anne.
Time: 3:00—5:00 p.m. every Sunday
Place: Sunnyside Kitchen, 3A Baker Street (Behind Sunnyside Hall)
All ages welcme.
$ 5 fr ingredients (原材料)
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