专题04-2022年高考英语书面表达概要-讲解部分

这是一份专题04-2022年高考英语书面表达概要-讲解部分，共4页。试卷主要包含了顺序，第三，对比/转折，递进，例证，强调，因果，总结等内容，欢迎下载使用。
专题四  概要写作常用关联词一、顺序概括要点时,可以使用表示顺序的连接词,这样可以使文章脉络清楚。first,second,third首先、第二、第三firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally首先、第二、第三、最后to begin with,then,furthermore,finally首先、然后、此外、最后to start with,next,in addition,finally首先、然后、此外、最后first of all,besides,last but not least首先、而且、最后但同样重要的是most important of all,moreover,finally最重要的是、此外、最后二、并列as well as也not only... but(also)...不但……而且……例句:(1)Not only do computers play an important part in science and technol-ogy, but also play an informative role in our daily life.(2)E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily commu-nication.三、对比/转折on the one hand...on the other hand...一方面……另一方面……on the contrary与此相反for one thing...for another... 一方面……另一方面……nevertheless然而  compared to与……相比in contrast with与……形成对比四、递进even甚至besides除了……之外(还)what's more还有as for至于moreover并且furthermore此外in addition另外worse still/what's worse/to make matters worse更糟糕的是例句:Besides, the government's role in this matter is also very important.五、例证in one's opinion在某人看来 that is (to say)也就是说namely即 as a matter of fact/in fact事实上for example/for instance例如例句:(1)As a matter of fact, advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life.(2)There is one more topic to be concerned about, namely/that is(to say), the question of education.六、强调especially特别　　　　　　indeed确实at least至少　　at most最多not at all根本不　　or rather更确切地说 particularly特别地例句:(1)Noise is unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep.(2)Or rather, it is a matter that should be stressed by all the sides. 七、因果thanks to多亏了  as a result结果because of/as a result of/on account of/due to因为/由于owing to多亏for this reason由于这个原因例句:(1)The company has a successful year, thanks mainly to the improve-ment in export sales.(2)As a result, all the people are asked to get involved.八、总结in short总之generally speaking一般来说in my opinion/view在我看来briefly/in brief总之as far as I'm concerned我认为as you know正如你所知道的as is known to all众所周知to sum up/to summarize/in summary/to conclude总之例句:(1)Generally speaking, sending an e-mail is more convenient than send-ing a letter.(2)In short, measures must be taken to prevent the environment being pollut-ed.九、目的for the purpose of目的是…… so as to为了……in order that=in order to为了……典例1    Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. Farm-ers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too ner-vous to eat. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds. At about 3:00 am on July 28,1976,some people
saw bright lights in the sky. The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.典例2　What is standard English? Is it spoken in Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, India and New Zealand? Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English. Many people believe the English spoken on TV and the ra-dio is standard English. This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.典例3　Is there water on the planet Mars? Is there life on Mars? Was there ever life on Mars? Scientists from NASA wanted to know the answer to these questions. They built a spacecraft called the Mars Climate Orbiter to travel around Mars and get information.典例4　Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot wa-ter could open up the skin and let ills in.A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the richand the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit(好处) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertise-
ments repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ev-er softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervous-ly try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunol-ogist(免疫学家),encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter (后者)position is gaining some ground.