人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 3 The internet学案设计

过去分词作表语和状语

一、过去分词作表语

1．意义：用在系动词后面，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态，此时过去分词大多已变成了形容词。

I felt confused，even bored.

我有点迷惑不解，甚至有点烦。

We were encouraged at the news.

听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。

2．过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。这一结构从形式上与被动语态相同，但被动语态强调主语所承受的动作。试比较：

The book is well written.这本书写得好。

The book was written by a soldier.

这本书是由一位士兵写的。

3．感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别。

英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音、笑容或表情等。常用的这类词有：

We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.

我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。

His words were discouraging，which made many people discouraged.

他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。

二、过去分词(短语)作状语

(一)过去分词(短语)作状语的具体用法

表示被动的或完成的动作，这时句子的主语和过去分词之间为逻辑上的被动关系。而现在分词(短语)作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。

Written in a hurry，this article was not so good. 因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。

本句中的written即为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写完。过去分词(短语)通常在句中作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语和伴随状语等。

1．过去分词作时间状语，在句中相当于一个时间状语从句。

Asked about his address(＝When he was asked about his address)，the little boy didn’t respond.

问及他的地址时，小男孩没有作答。

2．过去分词作原因状语，在句中相当于一个原因状语从句。

Annoyed at the decision(＝As he was annoyed at the decision)，he refused to attend the meeting.

由于对这个决定很生气，他拒绝参加会议。

3．过去分词作条件状语，在句中相当于一个条件状语从句。

Given more time(＝If they were given more time)，the trees could grow taller.

如果再多给一点时间，这些树会长得更高。

Heated to a high temperature(＝If it is heated to a high temperature)，water will change into vapor.

如果加热到高温，水就能变成蒸气。

4．过去分词作让步状语，在句中相当于一个让步状语从句。

Left (＝Although he was left) alone at home，John didn’t feel afraid at all.

虽然约翰被单独留在家里，但他一点都不害怕。

5．过去分词作方式、伴随状语。

Followed by a group of students，the teacher entered the classroom.

＝The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of students.

老师走进教室，后面跟着一群学生。

注意：过去分词(短语)作状语时，前面有时可以加上when，if，while，though，even if，until，unless等连词，这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句(省略部分多为“主语＋be的多种形式”)。需要注意的是，省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或是it。

Even if invited(＝Even if I’m invited)，I won’t take part in the party.即使受到邀请，我也不会参加这个聚会的。

拓展　部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost in(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、lost/absorbed(沉溺于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。

Lost/Absorbed in deep thought，she didn’t hear the sound.

由于陷入沉思，所以她没有听到那个声音。

Dressed in a new dress，she looks very beautiful.

穿着一件新衣服，她看上去很漂亮。

(二)过去分词作状语时的位置

过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。

Told that his mother was ill，Li Lei hurried home quickly.(原因状语)

得知母亲生病了，李雷迅速赶回了家。

The old man walked into the room，supported by his son.(方式状语)

老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。

(三)过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别

过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。

助记　分词作状语记忆口诀

分词作状语，主语是问题。

前后两动作，共用一主语。

主语找出后，再来判关系。

主动用-ing，被动用-ed。

Used for a long time，the book looks old.(动宾关系)

由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去陈旧。

Using the book，I find it very useful.(主谓关系)

在使用这本书时，我发现它很有用。

注意：无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。

If caught，the police will punish the thief.(×)

If caught，the thief will be punished by the police.(√)

If the thief is caught，the police will punish him/her.(√)

三．练习

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．When I entered his room，he was _________(bury) in his books.

2．The old man lay on the beach at ease，_______(expose) to the sun.

3．He was________(discourage) when he heard his mother’s words.

4．_______-(admit) into a key university，the girl was very excited and burst into tears.

5．The child was clearly _______(puzzle) at being addressed(称呼) in such a grown-up way.

6．Not________-(know) what to do，the children had to wait for their parents to come back.

7．__________(discuss) for many times，the problems were settled at last.

8．The case shocked the public，________-(cause) a hot debate over human nature on the Internet.

9．Steve arrived and sat in the front row，_______-(surround) by his family.(2019·江苏)

10．First_______(celebrate) in 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions (地区)．(2019·北京)

Ⅱ.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空

As one of the greatest leaders of China，Song Qingling,11.____(bear) on 27th January 1893 in Shanghai was a well-known stateswoman.When she was young, she was much concerned about the future of China.Later she 12.______(take) part in many activities 13._______(fight) for the freedom of Chinese people.After the foundation of the PRC, she was completely devoted to the development of new China and 14.______(play) an important part in many activities.On 8th May 1981, she 15._______(die) in Beijing at the age of 88, which 16._______(bring) great sorrow to the Chinese people.17.________(honor) as one of the greatest women of the 20th century, she 18.__________(remember) by the Chinese people forever.

Ⅲ.用分词(短语)作状语改写下列状语从句

1．I won’t go to the meeting，even if I am invited.

_____________________________________________

2．If he is given time，he’ll make a first-class tennis player.

_____________________________________________

3．Because he received the training of MS Company，he did well.

_____________________________________________

4．A flood struck the area and thousands of people were left homeless.

_____________________________________________

5．The president of the company came to the factory，and he was followed by some workers.

_____________________________________________

Ⅳ.单句写作

6．受到老师的责备，这个男孩非常难过。

Blamed by the teacher，the boy was in low spirits.

7．由于在事故中受伤了，这个运动员只好退出了比赛。

Injured in the accident，the player had to drop out of the match.

8．由于专心于科学研究事业，他没有时间放松。

Absorbed in his science research，he has no time to relax.

9．如果再多给我几分钟，我会完成全部工作的。

Given a few more minutes，I’ll finish the whole work.

10．我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。

I was disappointed at the film I saw last night.I had expected it to be better.

1.                                                                                                             buried  2.exposed   3.discouraged 4. Admitted 5. puzzled 6.  knowing  7.Discussed/Having been discussed 8. causing 9. surrounded  10.celebrated

11. born  12. took 13. to fight 14. played  15.died 16. brought  17.Honored  18.is remembered

1.→I won’t go to the meeting，even if invited.

2.→Given time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.

3.→Having received the training of MS Company，he did well.

4.→A flood struck the area，leaving thousands of people homeless.

5.→The president of the company came to the factory，followed by some workers.