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10_必修第二册 UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS练习题
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这是一份10_必修第二册 UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS练习题，共25页。试卷主要包含了surrund vt，charge n，annunce vt，apprach n，crwd n， 7，are wrn 考查时态和语态，are 考查时态和主谓一致等内容，欢迎下载使用。
必修第二册 UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
(主题语境:人与社会——历史与传统)
Few will have the greatness to bend history itself, but each of us can work to change a small portion of events.—Robert Kennedy
几乎没有人伟大到足以改变历史本身,但我们每个人都可以努力改变一小部分事件。——罗伯特·肯尼迪
◆练中悟词
写出下列句中画线单词的意思。
①(2020天津)After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance, curiosity and discontent.
②(2020全国新高考Ⅰ)His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach.
◆写中炼词
根据汉语提示完成下面的句子。
③(2020全国新高考Ⅰ)每一个跑步者都尽力完成任务,沿路的同学给了他们必要的帮助和鼓励。(as well as)
Every runner tried their best to finish the task, with their classmates along the way .
④(2017北京)学生和老师共享了一段美好的时光。那无疑给了我们巨大的成就感。(achievement)
The students and teachers shared a great time. That surely .
答案 ①成就 ②还有 ③giving them necessary help as well as encouragement ④gave us a great sense of achievement
◆链接 as well as同(一样也);和;还
“as...as”结构的短语:
as soon as一……就……;立刻;马上
as good as几乎;差不多;与……一样好
as far as远到……;就……;据……
as long as只要;与……一样长
as much as与……一样多
1.surround vt.围绕;包围
◆单句填空
①The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which (surround) by a high wire fence.(2020浙江)
②Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded his family.(2019江苏)
③Determining where we are in relation to our (surround) remains an essential skill for our survival.(2017江苏)
④Surround (you) with uplifting individuals who challenge you to be better while loving you for who you are, and be patient to the people who are the complete opposite of that description.(2016浙江)
◆句式升级
⑤The Swiss can feel secure because they are surrounded by Europe. (用过去分词短语作原因状语改写)
→ , the Swiss can feel secure.
1.答案 ①was surrounded ②by ③surroundings
④yourself ⑤Surrounded by Europe
(1)surround sb./sth. with sb./sth.使某人/物包围某人/物
surround oneself with sb./sth.喜欢结交(某类人);喜欢身边总有(某类东西)
be surrounded by...被……包围
(2)surrounding adj.周围的
(3)surroundings n.环境
2.charge n.收费;指控;主管 vt.收费;控告;充电 vi.向……方向冲去
◆单句填空
①At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny—usually two or three cents was charged—and some of the older well-known papers (charge) five or six cents.(2019课标全国Ⅲ)
②The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and (charge) toward me.(2018课标全国Ⅲ)
③We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of what it used (charge).(2017江苏)
④Depending on the type of allergies and/or dietary requirements, extra charge may be made for providing special food.(2016天津)
◆完成句子
⑤约翰,你会同意负责这项工作吗?
John, will you agree to the work? (2020全国新高考Ⅰ)
◆同义句改写
⑥Police have charged Mr. Bell with murder. (用accuse改写)
→Police murder.
⑦He is in charge of the class.
→The class him.(用The class作主语改写)
→He the class.(用He作主语改写)
◆句式升级
⑧Mr. Bell,who is in charge of the class, by police. (用定语从句连接⑥⑦原句)
2.答案 ①charged ②charges ③to charge ④an ⑤take charge of ⑥have accused Mr. Bell of ⑦is in the charge of;takes charge of ⑧has been charged with murder
(1)charge sb. with (doing) sth.=accuse sb. of (doing) sth.指控某人犯……罪
charge sb. money for sth.因某物收某人钱
(2)free of charge免费
in the charge of被……掌管;由……负责
in charge of掌管(强调状态)
take charge of掌管(强调动作)
易错
(1)in charge of sth.意为“(某人)负责,掌管”,表示主动;in the charge of sb./in sb.'s charge意为“(某事)由某人负责/掌管”,表示被动。
(2)类似短语有:in possession of意为“占有”,表示主动;in the possession of意为“被……占有”,表示被动。in control of意为“管理,控制”,表示主动;in the control of意为“由……管理/控制”,表示被动。
3.announce vt.宣布;通知;声称
◆单句填空
①Encourage readers to use the library. Share library (announcement)on your social media.(2020课标全国Ⅱ)
②He said the lucky woman will be (announce)on the website and the trip will be shared online.(2017课标全国Ⅲ)
③As the ceremony was nearing the end, I suddenly heard the head coach (announce), “The highest honor goes to Cathy!”(2016天津)
④The government yesterday announced the media plans to create a million new jobs.
◆同义句改写
⑤People announced that new speed restrictions would be introduced. (用it作形式主语)
→ new speed restrictions would be introduced.
3.答案 ①announcements ②announced ③announcing
④to ⑤It was announced that
(1)It is/was announced that...据称……;据宣布……
announce to sb. sth./that...向某人宣布……
(2)announcement n.公告;宣布
make an announcement下通知;宣布
易错
announce后不跟双宾语,即不能说announce sb. sth.,可以说announce to sb. sth.。类似不接双宾语的动词还有explain、say、report、describe、suggest、mention、express等。
易混
(1)announce指把人们关心或感兴趣的事情公布于众,尤其是新闻之类的消息。
(2)declare多指正式地当众发布某件大事、要闻或官方立场、态度等,常用于宣战、议和或宣判。
4.approach n.方法;途径;接近 vt.接近;接洽;着手处理 vi.靠近
◆赏句猜义
①If a child approaches him,he will pause to give that child his undivided attention.(2019天津)
②She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning.(2019北京)
③We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools,apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through.(2019北京)
④However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more.(2018北京)
⑤As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign.(2018北京)
⑥A rethink is required—and as a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out.(2017江苏)
◆单句填空
⑦I couldn't see Don, but as I (approach) the tractor he jumped out onto the road, apparently unhurt, and dashed back to me.(2020浙江)
⑧In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new (approach).(2020浙江)
⑨China's approach protecting its environment while feeding its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.(2018课标全国Ⅱ)
◆完成句子
⑩所以我慢慢地接近不速之客,隔着栅栏,朝它脸上喷了一口。(approach)
So I and, through the fence, sprayed him in the face.(2020浙江)
4.答案 ①接近 ②接洽 ③方法 ④接近 ⑤接近
⑥方法 ⑦approached ⑧approaches ⑨to ⑩approached our uninvited guest slowly
(1)the approach of sth.某事的来临
make an approach to要求;建议
an approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法
(2)approach sb. about/for sth.就某事与某人接洽
approach sb./sth.接近某人/某物
联想
just around/round the corner(时间上)临近地,马上,快要;(距离上)紧邻地,很近地
5.crowd n.人群;一群人;民众 vt.挤满;使……拥挤
◆单句填空
①We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow crowd. And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average.(2020天津)
②Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a (crowd) mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? (2019课标全国Ⅰ)
③Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).(2019浙江)
④The city (crowd) with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.(2018课标全国Ⅲ)
⑤It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.(2017课标全国Ⅱ)
◆完成句子
⑥穿过一群人后,我终于找到了地铁的一个出口。
After , I finally found a exit of the subway.
5.答案 ①the ②crowded ③with ④was crowded
⑤crowds ⑥making my way through a crowd of/crowds of people
(1)a crowd of=crowds of一大群;一群人
the crowd人群
(2)crowd in/into(想法、问题等)涌上心头;涌入脑海
crowd around/round (sb./sth.)聚集在某人/物周围;聚拢
(3)crowded adj.拥挤的
be crowded with充满,挤满
易错
crowd是集合名词,作主语时,如果强调整体,谓语动词用单数;如果强调个体,谓语动词用复数。类似的词还有family、class、team、government、company、group等。
1.break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离;背叛;逃脱
◆介、副词填空
①Jones' idea has been fully realized—the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.(2020天津)
②Breaking firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves:in time,one of them would become great again.(2017江苏)
③Her friends came to help her when the war broke .(2017浙江)
④I didn't know where to go and how to find courage to break the barriers that were holding me back.
⑤There was no one nearby who might see him trying to break the house.
◆完成句子
⑥他去年脱离了我们公司,此后,我再也没有见过他。
He last year, since then I have seen him no more.
1.答案 ①down ②up ③out ④through ⑤into
⑥broke away from our company
break down打倒;分解;出故障
break in强行进入;插嘴,打断
break into强行闯入;突然开始(笑、唱等)
break out(战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生,爆发
break through冲突;突破;克服;战胜
break up拆开;结束
2.belong to 属于
◆单句填空
①And I have never known an average man who had both. The two (belong) together.(2020天津)
②First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong a particular group.(2019浙江)
③Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of (belong), a bond with others.(2018课标全国Ⅱ)
④Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their (belong)?(2018课标全国Ⅲ)
◆一句多译
老虎是一种大而凶猛的动物,属于猫科。
→⑤A tiger is a large fierce animal the cat family. (现在分词短语作定语)
→⑥A tiger is a large fierce animal the cat family. (定语从句)
2.答案 ①belong ②to ③belonging ④belongings
⑤belonging to ⑥which/that belongs to
(1)belong vi.应在(某处);适应
(2)belonging n.归属感
a sense of belonging归属感
(3)belongings n.财产;所有物
易错
belong to无被动语态,无进行时,后接名词或代词宾格。
联想
类似belong to,不能用于进行时态和被动语态的短语还有:date back to/date from(追溯到), consist of(包括), take place(发生)等。
3.as well as 同(一样也);和;还
◆单句填空
①Amy, as well as her brothers, (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.(2019天津)
②These advertise the presence of chicks to adults;they might also encourage our chick to start calling well.(2017课标全国Ⅰ)
③—What does Mr. Li do?
—He works on newspapers as well as (teach) us English.
◆同义句改写
④The workers want to reduce working hours as well as increase their pay.
→ , but they also want to reduce working hours.(用not only...but also...和倒装结构改写)
3.答案 ①was given ②as ③teaches ④Not only do the workers want to increase their pay
(1)as well as用作连词,连接两个并列的成分,如名词、形容词等,通常不位于句首。
(2)当主语含有as well as时,谓语动词要和as well as前面的主语在数上保持一致。类似用法的还有together with、along with、with、besides、but、except、including、rather than等。
(3)as well as作介词,相当于besides、in addition to,意为“除……之外(还有……)”,后面通常接名词或动词-ing形式。
(4)as well意为“也;又;而且”,相当于too、also。may/might as well表示委婉的建议,一般是针对当时的情况提出另外的提议,意为“不妨……,还是……吧”。
1.if any省略句
So what is the difference between them, if any?
◆同义句改写
①And, having spoken to many of the world's foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see AGI any time soon, if ever.(2020北京)
→And, having spoken to many of the world's foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see AGI any time soon, . (改成完整句)
②Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library? If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better.(2020天津)
→Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library? , you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better. (改成完整句)
③If it is possible, you should try it once more.
→ , you should try it once more. (改成省略句)
④Wash it in water and pick out the small particles, if there are any.
→Wash it in water and pick out the small particles, . (改成省略句)
◆完成句子
⑤如果你方便的话,我们8:30在校门口外面见面。如果不方便,让我知道什么时间最适合你。
If it's convenient for you, let's meet at 8:30 outside the school gate. .(2016课标全国Ⅲ)
1.答案 ①if there is ever ②If it is so ③If possible
④if any ⑤If not, let me know what time suits you best
该句中,if any相当于if there is any difference。当状语从句的主语是it/there be句型时,从句的主语和谓语部分的be或there be可以省略。
联想
if构成的其他省略形式:
if so如果这样的话
if ever如果曾经有的话
if not如果不是的话
if necessary如果必要的话
if possible如果可能的话
2.as引导状语从句
The capital city London is a great place to start,as
it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all
the way back to Roman times.
◆单句填空
①When in Rome, do the Romans do.
② is known to us all/we all know,the earth goes around the sun.
◆同义句改写
③As/Though he is young, he has travelled to many countries.
→ , he has travelled to many countries.(改为倒装句)
④Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons—including other environmental influences or genetic factors.(2020浙江)
→Of course, our brains can decline for lots of reasons—including other environmental influences or genetic factors.(with复合结构)
◆完成句子
⑤计划是好的,因为它详细地决定了我们如何做我们想做的事。(2016浙江)
Planning is good .
2.答案 ①as ②As ③Young as/though he is ④with us growing older ⑤as it decides in detail how we do what we want to do
(1)as表示“因为;由于”时,引导原因状语从句,其语气不如because强,通常为附加说明的理由,且是已知晓的原因。
(2)as表示“虽然;尽管”时,引导让步状语从句,从句通常用倒装语序,即把从句的表语、状语或谓语中的实义动词放在as前面,可以用though替代。
(3)as表示“按照;依照;像”时,引导方式状语从句,通常置于主句之后。
(4)as表示“像……一样”时,引导比较状语从句,对主句和从句的动作或状态加以比较,从句常省略与主句相同的部分。
1.教材与语法填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many people are confused about the 1 (mean) of the names: the United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain and England. 2 (solve) this puzzle, knowing a little bit about British history will help.
In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales 3 (join) to the Kingdom of England, followed by the country Scotland in the 18th century. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. 4 (final), in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away 5 the UK, resulting in the name we have today: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”, 6 means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.
Even though the four countries 7 (belong) to the United Kingdom work together in some areas, such as using the same flag, sharing the same currency and military 8 (defend), they also have some differences. Anyhow, the United Kingdom has 9 long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and 10 (it) traditions.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案
1.meaning 2.To solve 3.was joined 4.Finally 5.from
6.which 7.belonging 8.defence 9.a 10.its
2.教材与话题写作
Ⅰ.写作要点
用本单元所学词汇和句型完成句子。
1.上周,我和我的同学们参观了一个村庄。(as well as)
Last week, I visited a village.
2.这个村庄被青山和绿水围绕。(surround)
The village green hills and clean water.
3.在村子的中心有一个博物馆,展示他们几十年来所取得的成就。(achievement)
There is a museum in the center of the village, in the past decades.
4.村长说,他们打破了传统的耕作方式,发展了有机农业。(break away from)
The chief of the village said they and developed organic farming.
5.迷人的环境和勤劳的人们给我们留下了深刻的印象。(surroundings)
We and hard-working people.
答案
Ⅰ.1.as well as my classmates
2.was surrounded by
3.displaying their achievements they have made
4.had broken away from the traditional farming style
5.were impressed with the fascinating surroundings
Ⅱ.连句成篇
将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
答案
Ⅱ.One possible version:
Last week, I as well as my classmates visited a village, surrounded by green hills and clean water. There is a museum in the center of the village, displaying their achievements they have made in the past decades. The chief of the village said they had broken away from the traditional farming style and developed organic farming. We were impressed with the fascinating surroundings and hard-working people.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
(2020北京顺义高三二模)
New Year's Eve Foods for Good Luck
New Year's Eve is a festival time celebrated around the world with friends, family, fireworks and foods. Do you have any New Year's Eve food traditions? Read through the foods below to figure out the best New Year's Eve foods.
Greens
Greens are a late crop mostly grown in the south, so they're easy to find in the colder months. They are New Year's Eve foods because they look like money.
Cornbread
Mix and match a few different New Year's Eve food traditions with black-eyed peas, greens, and cornbread to make a fortune. As the Southern saying goes, “Peas for pennies, greens for dollars, and cornbread for gold.”
Soba
In Japan, soba is the traditional New Year's food of choice. The length of the soba noodles is said to symbolize a long life. Part of the tradition is eating the whole noodle since the luck runs out if you break or chew the noodle.
Grapes
Be sure to add grapes to your New Year's food. On New Year's Eve, the Spanish eat a grape for each strike of midnight, with each representing a page of the calendar ahead. If one is bitter, watch out for that month!
Pork
Pigs are a lucky New Year's Eve food because they move forward when they eat. They are also rotund (圆胖的),symbolizing a fat wallet ahead. And the meat itself is fattier than other cuts of meat, making this New Year's Eve food both tasty and a symbol of richness.
Cakes
Ring-shaped cakes are a symbol of coming full circle, making them a perfect New Year's food. This tradition has its roots in the Greeks who made a traditional vasilopita with a hidden coin baked inside. If you get the piece with the coin, you'll have good luck for a year.
Fish
Fish are believed to be a lucky New Year's Eve food because their scales look like coins, and they swim in groups, which relates to the idea of abundance. Plus, fish swim forward, which represents progress.
So, try some of these dishes for your next New Year's Eve party to bring luck to all your guests and yourself.
1.Which of the New Year's Eve foods has nothing to do with wealth?
A.Fish. B.Grapes. C.Pork. D.Cornbread.
2.Japanese consider the length of soba noodles as a symbol of .
A.richness B.progress
C.a long life D.coming full circle
3.In Greece, if one gets a piece of cake with a coin hidden inside, for a year, he or she will be .
A.rich B.fortunate C.healthy D.fulfilling
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了世界各地新年前夜吃的一些食物。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第五段中的On New Year's Eve, the Spanish eat a grape for each strike of midnight, with each representing a page of the calendar ahead.可知,在新年前夜,每一次午夜钟声敲响,西班牙人就吃一颗葡萄,每一颗葡萄代表未来日历的一页。由此可知,葡萄与财富无关。故选B。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的The length of the soba noodles is said to symbolize a long life.可知,日本人认为荞麦面的长度象征着长寿。故选C。
3.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的If you get the piece with the coin, you'll have good luck for a year.可知,如果你得到了有硬币的那块蛋糕,你就会有一年的好运气。所以,在希腊,如果一个人得到一块蛋糕,里面藏着一枚硬币,他或她这一年将是幸运的。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2019浙江温州高三考前模拟)
New Year's Traditions Around the World
There are many traditions around the world to celebrate the New Year. Here's a look at a few of them.
Drive off bad luck
Many cultures have traditions meant to scare off bad luck. This often involves using fire or loud noises in the form of fireworks! In Scotland, for example, people hold bonfire celebrations. Men from villages walk through the streets swinging giant burning fireballs over their heads. 1 .
Food for good luck
2 . In the southern part of the United States, people often eat black-eyed peas and pork for good luck in the New Year. In Spain, as the clock strikes at midnight, people eat 12 grapes, which represent the 12 months of the year. It guarantees that the year will be filled with good luck.
Clothing traditions
Many people like to wear new clothing to start the New Year. In Romania, there is a tradition that involves dressing up in a bear costume. 3 , if this won't! In Brazil, some people wear colorful underwear on New Year's Eve. The most popular colors are red and yellow. 4 . Yellow is supposed to bring you money.
5
Many use the start of the New Year as a time to try something new or change something about themselves. The New Year is a perfect time to change yourself for the better. That is why many people have the tradition of making a New Year's resolution. It is usually about living healthier or having more success in life.
These are just a handful of traditions. Tell us about a New Year's tradition in your culture!
A.Learn something new
B.I don't know what will scare off evil spirits
C.Make a New Year's resolution
D.Red is supposed to bring you love
E.Food plays an important role in people's life
F.And these fireballs are supposed to clean the coming year
G.Many cultures have certain diets that are said to bring good luck
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。通过这篇文章作者向我们描述了世界各地的新年传统和庆祝方式。
1.F 根据上文Men from villages walk through the streets swinging giant burning fireballs over their heads.可知,来自村里的男人穿过街道,在他们的头顶上摆动着巨大的、燃烧着的火球,人们认为这些火球可以清洁来年。选项F中的fireballs是关键词。故选F。
2.G 根据本段小标题Food for good luck可知,本段是介绍带来好运的食物。good luck和food是关键词,选项G提到了很多文化都有某种可以带来好运的食物,符合语境。故选G。
3.B 根据下文if this won't可知,如果这都不行,我就不知道什么可以吓走恶灵。B项放在此处承接自然,下文的won't后省略了scare off evil spirits。故选B项。
4.D 根据上文The most popular colors are red and yellow.可知,最流行的是红色和黄色,所以红色应该给你带来爱情。此处承接自然,red是关键词。故选D。
5.C 根据下文The New Year is a perfect time to change yourself for the better. That is why many people have the tradition of making a New Year's resolution.可知,新年是让你变得更好的最佳时刻。那就是为什么很多人有制订新年计划的传统,所以本段主要讲述制订新年计划。选项C可以作为本段小标题,其中resolution是关键词。故选C。
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2020陕西汉中高三开学考试)
Every region in the world is easy to identify by the kind of clothing traditionally worn there. Clothing 1 is traditionally worn in Germany is unique too. The clothes that men and women wear traditionally tell us a lot about the country 2 its culture.
To actually understand the German clothing of the years that have gone by, it is important 3 (understand) the concept of clothing. It allows people to know certain things about another person. These details include the marital status, the place of origin, and the trade. According to these details, the clothing patterns changed 4 (slight). And as time goes by, these clothing patterns have become more complete, 5 (result) in common designs.
There are German pants called lederhosens. The pants are made of leather. The pants are also worn by young boys. Lederhosens worn in the Bavarian region have 6 (feature) such as suspenders(吊裤带)and front flaps and these are quickly adopted by other countries. These pants 7 (wear) with shirts made of linen(亚麻布)or sweaters made of wool. Other clothes teamed with the pants are wool stockings and country shoes.
Today there 8 (be) several clubs and societies that are devoted to the preservation of traditional German clothes. These societies are working towards reviving the clothing traditions so that more people choose to wear them 9 occasions like weddings, festivals, etc. They think it is a patriotic(爱国的) sign to show 10 (they) pride in the motherland.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。世界上的每个地区都很容易通过传统的服饰来辨别。本文主要介绍德国的服装特点。
1.which/that 考查定语从句。句意:德国传统的服装也很独特。此处Clothing是先行词,指物,关系词在后面的定语从句中作主语,故填which或that。
2.and 考查并列连词。句意:男人和女人传统上穿的衣服告诉我们很多关于这个国家和它的文化的东西。此处指“这个国家和它的文化”,两者是并列关系,故填and。
3.to understand 考查动词不定式。句意:……理解服装的概念是很重要的。此处it是形式主语,动词不定式是真正的主语。故填to understand。
4.slightly 考查副词。句意:根据这些细节,服装的图案发生了轻微的变化。此处changed是动词,由副词修饰。故填slightly。
5.resulting 考查现在分词。句意:随着时间的推移,这些服装图案变得更加完整,从而产生了常见的图案。此处是现在分词作结果状语。故填resulting。
6.features 考查名词复数。句意:巴伐利亚地区的吊带皮短裤有吊裤带和前襟翼等特色……。根据空后的such as suspenders (吊裤带)and front flaps可知,此处用名词复数,故填features。
7.are worn 考查时态和语态。句意:这些裤子是与亚麻衬衫或羊毛毛衣一起穿的。这里指的是一个客观事实,且句子主语pants是复数形式,和wear之间是被动关系,所以此处用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are worn。
8.are 考查时态和主谓一致。根据Today可知,此处指现在的状态,句子用一般现在时,由clubs and societies可知,应用are。
9.on 考查介词。句意:这些协会正在努力恢复服装传统,使更多的人选择在婚礼、节日等场合穿着它们。此处指“在某些场合”,故用on。
10.their 考查形容词性物主代词。句意:他们认为,显示他们因祖国而自豪是爱国的标志。此处pride是名词,由形容词性物主代词修饰,所给词they是主格,故填their。
Ⅳ.书面表达
(2021四川省阆中中学高三月考)
假定你是李华,近期你校举办了主题为“美丽中国”的现场国画(traditional Chinese painting)比赛。请为校报英文专栏写一篇活动报道。内容包括:
1.活动时间、地点;
2.活动概况;
3.活动意义。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
答案
One possible version:
Beautiful China in Traditional
Chinese Painting
Last Friday witnessed a traditional Chinese painting competition “Beautiful China” on campus.
Over one hundred students participated in the competition. As the competition began, participants laid out the paper, picked up the paintbrush and gave full play to their talent, displaying the beauty of our motherland. Two hours later, the competition came to an end. The results will be announced in two days, and the winning entries will be on show in the exhibition hall.
Most of the students think highly of this live painting competition, which provides a platform for them to explore the beauty of China and experience the charm of Chinese art.
Ⅴ.概要写作
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
(2020浙江杭州四中高三开学考试)
Online schools are becoming very popular today. Whether it is working professionals who cannot afford the time to go to a full-time college because of their huge workload or stay-at-home mums who have many duties and cannot go to college, online schools are much enjoyed at all. And now, even regular students, who have the time to go to college, are receiving online education, as it leaves them with enough time to pursue other things, such as a part-time job or a hobby, along with studying. However, like everything, there are both advantages and disadvantages of online schooling.
Let's start with the positives. These schools cost much less. You don't have to spend money on buying books or bus fees. Another advantage is the flexibility it provides. You can study at any time during the day. You can study wherever you want—in your house, at a cafe or even in a park.
Move on to the disadvantages of online schooling. Those students who always need a push from their teachers to do well, are very likely not to do well in online schools. And the greatest disadvantage of going to school online is that there are many employers who prefer students with a traditional degree to those who have an online degree. The employers feel that students who go to full-time colleges are more knowledgeable compared to those who have online degrees. Since the very purpose of education is to land a person a good job, online degrees, many a time, do not serve this purpose.
No doubt that online schools offer the freedom which no regular college can provide. However how much the employers will value the degrees and whether a student can actually make his own study schedule and most importantly, stick to it, depend upon individuals. So in the end, it can be rightly said, online schools are good for some, while others should skip them.
答案
One possible version:
Nowadays online schools are enjoying great popularity with people from all walks of life. Nevertheless, they have both strengths and weaknesses.(要点1)On the one hand, online schools have the low cost and freedom that regular schools can't offer.(要点2)On the other hand, those who lack self-discipline may do badly in online schools. Worse still, many employers don't value online degrees.(要点3)In brief, how to make use of online schools varies from person to person.(要点4)
必修第二册 UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
(主题语境:人与社会——历史与传统)
Few will have the greatness to bend history itself, but each of us can work to change a small portion of events.—Robert Kennedy
几乎没有人伟大到足以改变历史本身,但我们每个人都可以努力改变一小部分事件。——罗伯特·肯尼迪
◆练中悟词
写出下列句中画线单词的意思。
①(2020天津)After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance, curiosity and discontent.
②(2020全国新高考Ⅰ)His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach.
◆写中炼词
根据汉语提示完成下面的句子。
③(2020全国新高考Ⅰ)每一个跑步者都尽力完成任务,沿路的同学给了他们必要的帮助和鼓励。(as well as)
Every runner tried their best to finish the task, with their classmates along the way .
④(2017北京)学生和老师共享了一段美好的时光。那无疑给了我们巨大的成就感。(achievement)
The students and teachers shared a great time. That surely .
答案 ①成就 ②还有 ③giving them necessary help as well as encouragement ④gave us a great sense of achievement
◆链接 as well as同(一样也);和;还
“as...as”结构的短语:
as soon as一……就……;立刻;马上
as good as几乎;差不多;与……一样好
as far as远到……;就……;据……
as long as只要;与……一样长
as much as与……一样多
1.surround vt.围绕;包围
◆单句填空
①The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which (surround) by a high wire fence.(2020浙江)
②Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded his family.(2019江苏)
③Determining where we are in relation to our (surround) remains an essential skill for our survival.(2017江苏)
④Surround (you) with uplifting individuals who challenge you to be better while loving you for who you are, and be patient to the people who are the complete opposite of that description.(2016浙江)
◆句式升级
⑤The Swiss can feel secure because they are surrounded by Europe. (用过去分词短语作原因状语改写)
→ , the Swiss can feel secure.
1.答案 ①was surrounded ②by ③surroundings
④yourself ⑤Surrounded by Europe
(1)surround sb./sth. with sb./sth.使某人/物包围某人/物
surround oneself with sb./sth.喜欢结交(某类人);喜欢身边总有(某类东西)
be surrounded by...被……包围
(2)surrounding adj.周围的
(3)surroundings n.环境
2.charge n.收费;指控;主管 vt.收费;控告;充电 vi.向……方向冲去
◆单句填空
①At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny—usually two or three cents was charged—and some of the older well-known papers (charge) five or six cents.(2019课标全国Ⅲ)
②The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and (charge) toward me.(2018课标全国Ⅲ)
③We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of what it used (charge).(2017江苏)
④Depending on the type of allergies and/or dietary requirements, extra charge may be made for providing special food.(2016天津)
◆完成句子
⑤约翰,你会同意负责这项工作吗?
John, will you agree to the work? (2020全国新高考Ⅰ)
◆同义句改写
⑥Police have charged Mr. Bell with murder. (用accuse改写)
→Police murder.
⑦He is in charge of the class.
→The class him.(用The class作主语改写)
→He the class.(用He作主语改写)
◆句式升级
⑧Mr. Bell,who is in charge of the class, by police. (用定语从句连接⑥⑦原句)
2.答案 ①charged ②charges ③to charge ④an ⑤take charge of ⑥have accused Mr. Bell of ⑦is in the charge of;takes charge of ⑧has been charged with murder
(1)charge sb. with (doing) sth.=accuse sb. of (doing) sth.指控某人犯……罪
charge sb. money for sth.因某物收某人钱
(2)free of charge免费
in the charge of被……掌管;由……负责
in charge of掌管(强调状态)
take charge of掌管(强调动作)
易错
(1)in charge of sth.意为“(某人)负责,掌管”,表示主动;in the charge of sb./in sb.'s charge意为“(某事)由某人负责/掌管”,表示被动。
(2)类似短语有:in possession of意为“占有”,表示主动;in the possession of意为“被……占有”,表示被动。in control of意为“管理,控制”,表示主动;in the control of意为“由……管理/控制”,表示被动。
3.announce vt.宣布;通知;声称
◆单句填空
①Encourage readers to use the library. Share library (announcement)on your social media.(2020课标全国Ⅱ)
②He said the lucky woman will be (announce)on the website and the trip will be shared online.(2017课标全国Ⅲ)
③As the ceremony was nearing the end, I suddenly heard the head coach (announce), “The highest honor goes to Cathy!”(2016天津)
④The government yesterday announced the media plans to create a million new jobs.
◆同义句改写
⑤People announced that new speed restrictions would be introduced. (用it作形式主语)
→ new speed restrictions would be introduced.
3.答案 ①announcements ②announced ③announcing
④to ⑤It was announced that
(1)It is/was announced that...据称……;据宣布……
announce to sb. sth./that...向某人宣布……
(2)announcement n.公告;宣布
make an announcement下通知;宣布
易错
announce后不跟双宾语,即不能说announce sb. sth.,可以说announce to sb. sth.。类似不接双宾语的动词还有explain、say、report、describe、suggest、mention、express等。
易混
(1)announce指把人们关心或感兴趣的事情公布于众,尤其是新闻之类的消息。
(2)declare多指正式地当众发布某件大事、要闻或官方立场、态度等,常用于宣战、议和或宣判。
4.approach n.方法;途径;接近 vt.接近;接洽;着手处理 vi.靠近
◆赏句猜义
①If a child approaches him,he will pause to give that child his undivided attention.(2019天津)
②She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning.(2019北京)
③We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools,apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through.(2019北京)
④However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more.(2018北京)
⑤As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign.(2018北京)
⑥A rethink is required—and as a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out.(2017江苏)
◆单句填空
⑦I couldn't see Don, but as I (approach) the tractor he jumped out onto the road, apparently unhurt, and dashed back to me.(2020浙江)
⑧In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new (approach).(2020浙江)
⑨China's approach protecting its environment while feeding its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.(2018课标全国Ⅱ)
◆完成句子
⑩所以我慢慢地接近不速之客,隔着栅栏,朝它脸上喷了一口。(approach)
So I and, through the fence, sprayed him in the face.(2020浙江)
4.答案 ①接近 ②接洽 ③方法 ④接近 ⑤接近
⑥方法 ⑦approached ⑧approaches ⑨to ⑩approached our uninvited guest slowly
(1)the approach of sth.某事的来临
make an approach to要求;建议
an approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法
(2)approach sb. about/for sth.就某事与某人接洽
approach sb./sth.接近某人/某物
联想
just around/round the corner(时间上)临近地,马上,快要;(距离上)紧邻地,很近地
5.crowd n.人群;一群人;民众 vt.挤满;使……拥挤
◆单句填空
①We stop asking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow crowd. And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average.(2020天津)
②Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a (crowd) mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? (2019课标全国Ⅰ)
③Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).(2019浙江)
④The city (crowd) with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.(2018课标全国Ⅲ)
⑤It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.(2017课标全国Ⅱ)
◆完成句子
⑥穿过一群人后,我终于找到了地铁的一个出口。
After , I finally found a exit of the subway.
5.答案 ①the ②crowded ③with ④was crowded
⑤crowds ⑥making my way through a crowd of/crowds of people
(1)a crowd of=crowds of一大群;一群人
the crowd人群
(2)crowd in/into(想法、问题等)涌上心头;涌入脑海
crowd around/round (sb./sth.)聚集在某人/物周围;聚拢
(3)crowded adj.拥挤的
be crowded with充满,挤满
易错
crowd是集合名词,作主语时,如果强调整体,谓语动词用单数;如果强调个体,谓语动词用复数。类似的词还有family、class、team、government、company、group等。
1.break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离;背叛;逃脱
◆介、副词填空
①Jones' idea has been fully realized—the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.(2020天津)
②Breaking firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves:in time,one of them would become great again.(2017江苏)
③Her friends came to help her when the war broke .(2017浙江)
④I didn't know where to go and how to find courage to break the barriers that were holding me back.
⑤There was no one nearby who might see him trying to break the house.
◆完成句子
⑥他去年脱离了我们公司,此后,我再也没有见过他。
He last year, since then I have seen him no more.
1.答案 ①down ②up ③out ④through ⑤into
⑥broke away from our company
break down打倒;分解;出故障
break in强行进入;插嘴,打断
break into强行闯入;突然开始(笑、唱等)
break out(战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生,爆发
break through冲突;突破;克服;战胜
break up拆开;结束
2.belong to 属于
◆单句填空
①And I have never known an average man who had both. The two (belong) together.(2020天津)
②First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong a particular group.(2019浙江)
③Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of (belong), a bond with others.(2018课标全国Ⅱ)
④Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their (belong)?(2018课标全国Ⅲ)
◆一句多译
老虎是一种大而凶猛的动物,属于猫科。
→⑤A tiger is a large fierce animal the cat family. (现在分词短语作定语)
→⑥A tiger is a large fierce animal the cat family. (定语从句)
2.答案 ①belong ②to ③belonging ④belongings
⑤belonging to ⑥which/that belongs to
(1)belong vi.应在(某处);适应
(2)belonging n.归属感
a sense of belonging归属感
(3)belongings n.财产;所有物
易错
belong to无被动语态,无进行时,后接名词或代词宾格。
联想
类似belong to,不能用于进行时态和被动语态的短语还有:date back to/date from(追溯到), consist of(包括), take place(发生)等。
3.as well as 同(一样也);和;还
◆单句填空
①Amy, as well as her brothers, (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.(2019天津)
②These advertise the presence of chicks to adults;they might also encourage our chick to start calling well.(2017课标全国Ⅰ)
③—What does Mr. Li do?
—He works on newspapers as well as (teach) us English.
◆同义句改写
④The workers want to reduce working hours as well as increase their pay.
→ , but they also want to reduce working hours.(用not only...but also...和倒装结构改写)
3.答案 ①was given ②as ③teaches ④Not only do the workers want to increase their pay
(1)as well as用作连词,连接两个并列的成分,如名词、形容词等,通常不位于句首。
(2)当主语含有as well as时,谓语动词要和as well as前面的主语在数上保持一致。类似用法的还有together with、along with、with、besides、but、except、including、rather than等。
(3)as well as作介词,相当于besides、in addition to,意为“除……之外(还有……)”,后面通常接名词或动词-ing形式。
(4)as well意为“也;又;而且”,相当于too、also。may/might as well表示委婉的建议,一般是针对当时的情况提出另外的提议,意为“不妨……,还是……吧”。
1.if any省略句
So what is the difference between them, if any?
◆同义句改写
①And, having spoken to many of the world's foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see AGI any time soon, if ever.(2020北京)
→And, having spoken to many of the world's foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see AGI any time soon, . (改成完整句)
②Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library? If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better.(2020天津)
→Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library? , you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better. (改成完整句)
③If it is possible, you should try it once more.
→ , you should try it once more. (改成省略句)
④Wash it in water and pick out the small particles, if there are any.
→Wash it in water and pick out the small particles, . (改成省略句)
◆完成句子
⑤如果你方便的话,我们8:30在校门口外面见面。如果不方便,让我知道什么时间最适合你。
If it's convenient for you, let's meet at 8:30 outside the school gate. .(2016课标全国Ⅲ)
1.答案 ①if there is ever ②If it is so ③If possible
④if any ⑤If not, let me know what time suits you best
该句中,if any相当于if there is any difference。当状语从句的主语是it/there be句型时,从句的主语和谓语部分的be或there be可以省略。
联想
if构成的其他省略形式:
if so如果这样的话
if ever如果曾经有的话
if not如果不是的话
if necessary如果必要的话
if possible如果可能的话
2.as引导状语从句
The capital city London is a great place to start,as
it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all
the way back to Roman times.
◆单句填空
①When in Rome, do the Romans do.
② is known to us all/we all know,the earth goes around the sun.
◆同义句改写
③As/Though he is young, he has travelled to many countries.
→ , he has travelled to many countries.(改为倒装句)
④Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons—including other environmental influences or genetic factors.(2020浙江)
→Of course, our brains can decline for lots of reasons—including other environmental influences or genetic factors.(with复合结构)
◆完成句子
⑤计划是好的,因为它详细地决定了我们如何做我们想做的事。(2016浙江)
Planning is good .
2.答案 ①as ②As ③Young as/though he is ④with us growing older ⑤as it decides in detail how we do what we want to do
(1)as表示“因为;由于”时,引导原因状语从句,其语气不如because强,通常为附加说明的理由,且是已知晓的原因。
(2)as表示“虽然;尽管”时,引导让步状语从句,从句通常用倒装语序,即把从句的表语、状语或谓语中的实义动词放在as前面,可以用though替代。
(3)as表示“按照;依照;像”时,引导方式状语从句,通常置于主句之后。
(4)as表示“像……一样”时,引导比较状语从句,对主句和从句的动作或状态加以比较,从句常省略与主句相同的部分。
1.教材与语法填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many people are confused about the 1 (mean) of the names: the United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain and England. 2 (solve) this puzzle, knowing a little bit about British history will help.
In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales 3 (join) to the Kingdom of England, followed by the country Scotland in the 18th century. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. 4 (final), in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away 5 the UK, resulting in the name we have today: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”, 6 means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.
Even though the four countries 7 (belong) to the United Kingdom work together in some areas, such as using the same flag, sharing the same currency and military 8 (defend), they also have some differences. Anyhow, the United Kingdom has 9 long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and 10 (it) traditions.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案
1.meaning 2.To solve 3.was joined 4.Finally 5.from
6.which 7.belonging 8.defence 9.a 10.its
2.教材与话题写作
Ⅰ.写作要点
用本单元所学词汇和句型完成句子。
1.上周,我和我的同学们参观了一个村庄。(as well as)
Last week, I visited a village.
2.这个村庄被青山和绿水围绕。(surround)
The village green hills and clean water.
3.在村子的中心有一个博物馆,展示他们几十年来所取得的成就。(achievement)
There is a museum in the center of the village, in the past decades.
4.村长说,他们打破了传统的耕作方式,发展了有机农业。(break away from)
The chief of the village said they and developed organic farming.
5.迷人的环境和勤劳的人们给我们留下了深刻的印象。(surroundings)
We and hard-working people.
答案
Ⅰ.1.as well as my classmates
2.was surrounded by
3.displaying their achievements they have made
4.had broken away from the traditional farming style
5.were impressed with the fascinating surroundings
Ⅱ.连句成篇
将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
答案
Ⅱ.One possible version:
Last week, I as well as my classmates visited a village, surrounded by green hills and clean water. There is a museum in the center of the village, displaying their achievements they have made in the past decades. The chief of the village said they had broken away from the traditional farming style and developed organic farming. We were impressed with the fascinating surroundings and hard-working people.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
(2020北京顺义高三二模)
New Year's Eve Foods for Good Luck
New Year's Eve is a festival time celebrated around the world with friends, family, fireworks and foods. Do you have any New Year's Eve food traditions? Read through the foods below to figure out the best New Year's Eve foods.
Greens
Greens are a late crop mostly grown in the south, so they're easy to find in the colder months. They are New Year's Eve foods because they look like money.
Cornbread
Mix and match a few different New Year's Eve food traditions with black-eyed peas, greens, and cornbread to make a fortune. As the Southern saying goes, “Peas for pennies, greens for dollars, and cornbread for gold.”
Soba
In Japan, soba is the traditional New Year's food of choice. The length of the soba noodles is said to symbolize a long life. Part of the tradition is eating the whole noodle since the luck runs out if you break or chew the noodle.
Grapes
Be sure to add grapes to your New Year's food. On New Year's Eve, the Spanish eat a grape for each strike of midnight, with each representing a page of the calendar ahead. If one is bitter, watch out for that month!
Pork
Pigs are a lucky New Year's Eve food because they move forward when they eat. They are also rotund (圆胖的),symbolizing a fat wallet ahead. And the meat itself is fattier than other cuts of meat, making this New Year's Eve food both tasty and a symbol of richness.
Cakes
Ring-shaped cakes are a symbol of coming full circle, making them a perfect New Year's food. This tradition has its roots in the Greeks who made a traditional vasilopita with a hidden coin baked inside. If you get the piece with the coin, you'll have good luck for a year.
Fish
Fish are believed to be a lucky New Year's Eve food because their scales look like coins, and they swim in groups, which relates to the idea of abundance. Plus, fish swim forward, which represents progress.
So, try some of these dishes for your next New Year's Eve party to bring luck to all your guests and yourself.
1.Which of the New Year's Eve foods has nothing to do with wealth?
A.Fish. B.Grapes. C.Pork. D.Cornbread.
2.Japanese consider the length of soba noodles as a symbol of .
A.richness B.progress
C.a long life D.coming full circle
3.In Greece, if one gets a piece of cake with a coin hidden inside, for a year, he or she will be .
A.rich B.fortunate C.healthy D.fulfilling
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了世界各地新年前夜吃的一些食物。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第五段中的On New Year's Eve, the Spanish eat a grape for each strike of midnight, with each representing a page of the calendar ahead.可知,在新年前夜,每一次午夜钟声敲响,西班牙人就吃一颗葡萄,每一颗葡萄代表未来日历的一页。由此可知,葡萄与财富无关。故选B。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的The length of the soba noodles is said to symbolize a long life.可知,日本人认为荞麦面的长度象征着长寿。故选C。
3.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的If you get the piece with the coin, you'll have good luck for a year.可知,如果你得到了有硬币的那块蛋糕,你就会有一年的好运气。所以,在希腊,如果一个人得到一块蛋糕,里面藏着一枚硬币,他或她这一年将是幸运的。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2019浙江温州高三考前模拟)
New Year's Traditions Around the World
There are many traditions around the world to celebrate the New Year. Here's a look at a few of them.
Drive off bad luck
Many cultures have traditions meant to scare off bad luck. This often involves using fire or loud noises in the form of fireworks! In Scotland, for example, people hold bonfire celebrations. Men from villages walk through the streets swinging giant burning fireballs over their heads. 1 .
Food for good luck
2 . In the southern part of the United States, people often eat black-eyed peas and pork for good luck in the New Year. In Spain, as the clock strikes at midnight, people eat 12 grapes, which represent the 12 months of the year. It guarantees that the year will be filled with good luck.
Clothing traditions
Many people like to wear new clothing to start the New Year. In Romania, there is a tradition that involves dressing up in a bear costume. 3 , if this won't! In Brazil, some people wear colorful underwear on New Year's Eve. The most popular colors are red and yellow. 4 . Yellow is supposed to bring you money.
5
Many use the start of the New Year as a time to try something new or change something about themselves. The New Year is a perfect time to change yourself for the better. That is why many people have the tradition of making a New Year's resolution. It is usually about living healthier or having more success in life.
These are just a handful of traditions. Tell us about a New Year's tradition in your culture!
A.Learn something new
B.I don't know what will scare off evil spirits
C.Make a New Year's resolution
D.Red is supposed to bring you love
E.Food plays an important role in people's life
F.And these fireballs are supposed to clean the coming year
G.Many cultures have certain diets that are said to bring good luck
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。通过这篇文章作者向我们描述了世界各地的新年传统和庆祝方式。
1.F 根据上文Men from villages walk through the streets swinging giant burning fireballs over their heads.可知,来自村里的男人穿过街道,在他们的头顶上摆动着巨大的、燃烧着的火球,人们认为这些火球可以清洁来年。选项F中的fireballs是关键词。故选F。
2.G 根据本段小标题Food for good luck可知,本段是介绍带来好运的食物。good luck和food是关键词,选项G提到了很多文化都有某种可以带来好运的食物,符合语境。故选G。
3.B 根据下文if this won't可知,如果这都不行,我就不知道什么可以吓走恶灵。B项放在此处承接自然,下文的won't后省略了scare off evil spirits。故选B项。
4.D 根据上文The most popular colors are red and yellow.可知,最流行的是红色和黄色,所以红色应该给你带来爱情。此处承接自然,red是关键词。故选D。
5.C 根据下文The New Year is a perfect time to change yourself for the better. That is why many people have the tradition of making a New Year's resolution.可知,新年是让你变得更好的最佳时刻。那就是为什么很多人有制订新年计划的传统,所以本段主要讲述制订新年计划。选项C可以作为本段小标题,其中resolution是关键词。故选C。
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2020陕西汉中高三开学考试)
Every region in the world is easy to identify by the kind of clothing traditionally worn there. Clothing 1 is traditionally worn in Germany is unique too. The clothes that men and women wear traditionally tell us a lot about the country 2 its culture.
To actually understand the German clothing of the years that have gone by, it is important 3 (understand) the concept of clothing. It allows people to know certain things about another person. These details include the marital status, the place of origin, and the trade. According to these details, the clothing patterns changed 4 (slight). And as time goes by, these clothing patterns have become more complete, 5 (result) in common designs.
There are German pants called lederhosens. The pants are made of leather. The pants are also worn by young boys. Lederhosens worn in the Bavarian region have 6 (feature) such as suspenders(吊裤带)and front flaps and these are quickly adopted by other countries. These pants 7 (wear) with shirts made of linen(亚麻布)or sweaters made of wool. Other clothes teamed with the pants are wool stockings and country shoes.
Today there 8 (be) several clubs and societies that are devoted to the preservation of traditional German clothes. These societies are working towards reviving the clothing traditions so that more people choose to wear them 9 occasions like weddings, festivals, etc. They think it is a patriotic(爱国的) sign to show 10 (they) pride in the motherland.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。世界上的每个地区都很容易通过传统的服饰来辨别。本文主要介绍德国的服装特点。
1.which/that 考查定语从句。句意:德国传统的服装也很独特。此处Clothing是先行词,指物,关系词在后面的定语从句中作主语,故填which或that。
2.and 考查并列连词。句意:男人和女人传统上穿的衣服告诉我们很多关于这个国家和它的文化的东西。此处指“这个国家和它的文化”,两者是并列关系,故填and。
3.to understand 考查动词不定式。句意:……理解服装的概念是很重要的。此处it是形式主语,动词不定式是真正的主语。故填to understand。
4.slightly 考查副词。句意:根据这些细节,服装的图案发生了轻微的变化。此处changed是动词,由副词修饰。故填slightly。
5.resulting 考查现在分词。句意:随着时间的推移,这些服装图案变得更加完整,从而产生了常见的图案。此处是现在分词作结果状语。故填resulting。
6.features 考查名词复数。句意:巴伐利亚地区的吊带皮短裤有吊裤带和前襟翼等特色……。根据空后的such as suspenders (吊裤带)and front flaps可知,此处用名词复数,故填features。
7.are worn 考查时态和语态。句意:这些裤子是与亚麻衬衫或羊毛毛衣一起穿的。这里指的是一个客观事实,且句子主语pants是复数形式,和wear之间是被动关系,所以此处用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are worn。
8.are 考查时态和主谓一致。根据Today可知,此处指现在的状态,句子用一般现在时,由clubs and societies可知,应用are。
9.on 考查介词。句意:这些协会正在努力恢复服装传统,使更多的人选择在婚礼、节日等场合穿着它们。此处指“在某些场合”,故用on。
10.their 考查形容词性物主代词。句意:他们认为,显示他们因祖国而自豪是爱国的标志。此处pride是名词,由形容词性物主代词修饰,所给词they是主格,故填their。
Ⅳ.书面表达
(2021四川省阆中中学高三月考)
假定你是李华,近期你校举办了主题为“美丽中国”的现场国画(traditional Chinese painting)比赛。请为校报英文专栏写一篇活动报道。内容包括:
1.活动时间、地点;
2.活动概况;
3.活动意义。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
答案
One possible version:
Beautiful China in Traditional
Chinese Painting
Last Friday witnessed a traditional Chinese painting competition “Beautiful China” on campus.
Over one hundred students participated in the competition. As the competition began, participants laid out the paper, picked up the paintbrush and gave full play to their talent, displaying the beauty of our motherland. Two hours later, the competition came to an end. The results will be announced in two days, and the winning entries will be on show in the exhibition hall.
Most of the students think highly of this live painting competition, which provides a platform for them to explore the beauty of China and experience the charm of Chinese art.
Ⅴ.概要写作
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
(2020浙江杭州四中高三开学考试)
Online schools are becoming very popular today. Whether it is working professionals who cannot afford the time to go to a full-time college because of their huge workload or stay-at-home mums who have many duties and cannot go to college, online schools are much enjoyed at all. And now, even regular students, who have the time to go to college, are receiving online education, as it leaves them with enough time to pursue other things, such as a part-time job or a hobby, along with studying. However, like everything, there are both advantages and disadvantages of online schooling.
Let's start with the positives. These schools cost much less. You don't have to spend money on buying books or bus fees. Another advantage is the flexibility it provides. You can study at any time during the day. You can study wherever you want—in your house, at a cafe or even in a park.
Move on to the disadvantages of online schooling. Those students who always need a push from their teachers to do well, are very likely not to do well in online schools. And the greatest disadvantage of going to school online is that there are many employers who prefer students with a traditional degree to those who have an online degree. The employers feel that students who go to full-time colleges are more knowledgeable compared to those who have online degrees. Since the very purpose of education is to land a person a good job, online degrees, many a time, do not serve this purpose.
No doubt that online schools offer the freedom which no regular college can provide. However how much the employers will value the degrees and whether a student can actually make his own study schedule and most importantly, stick to it, depend upon individuals. So in the end, it can be rightly said, online schools are good for some, while others should skip them.
答案
One possible version:
Nowadays online schools are enjoying great popularity with people from all walks of life. Nevertheless, they have both strengths and weaknesses.(要点1)On the one hand, online schools have the low cost and freedom that regular schools can't offer.(要点2)On the other hand, those who lack self-discipline may do badly in online schools. Worse still, many employers don't value online degrees.(要点3)In brief, how to make use of online schools varies from person to person.(要点4)
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