高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement导学案

Unit 1 People of Achievement

Section Ⅲ　Using Language

Ⅰ.重点单词

1．found vt.创建；建立；把……建立在→founder n．创建者，创立者→foundation n．地基；基础； 基本原理；根据

2．infer vt.推断；推定

3．politician n．从政者；政治家；政客→politics n．政治→political adj.政治的

4．numerous adj.众多的；许多的

5．theory n．理论；学说

6．relativity n．相对论；相对性

7．genius n．天才；天资

8．gentle adj.温柔的；文静的→gently  adv.温柔地；文静地

9．patent n．专利；专利证书；获得专利　adj.有专利的；受专利保护的

10．passion n．酷爱；激情

11．doctorate n．博士学位

12．extraordinary adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的

13．gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地→gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的

14．photoelectric adj.光电的

15．institution n．社会公共机构；制度；习俗→ institute n．(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑

16．consequence n．结果；后果→consequent adj.作为结果的→consequently adv.所以；因此

17．moustache n．上唇的胡子；髭

18．peculiarity n．个性；特点；怪异的性质

19．encounter vt.偶然碰到；遇到　n．邂逅；遭遇

20．professor n．教授→profession n．职业

21．mourn vt.& vi.哀悼；忧伤

22．remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的→remark vt.评论

23．device n．方法；技巧；装置；仪器

24．sum vi.总结；概括　n．金额；款项；总数；总和

25．draft n．草稿；草案　vt.起草；草拟

26．Switzerland n．瑞士(国家名)→Swiss adj.瑞士的→Swiss n．瑞士人→Swiss n．(pl.)瑞士人

27．Jewish adj.犹太人的；犹太教的

Ⅱ.重点短语

1．on the tip of one's tongue话在嘴边，差一点儿就说出口

2．get it懂了，明白了

3．serve as充当，担任

4．make great contributions to对……做出巨大贡献

5．manage to_do设法做成

6．patent office专利局

7．come to power(开始)掌权；上台

8．as a consequence因此，作为结果

9．take up a position担任；任职

10．as though/if好像

11．knock on敲门

12．be mistaken for被误认为

13．pass away去世

14．sum up总结；概括

15．apart from除……之外

16．Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖

17．to one's surprise令人吃惊的

18．put forward提出

19．in particular尤其，特别

Ⅲ.重点句型

1．Why does Dr Wang say “money_isn't_everything”？

为什么王博士说“金钱不是万能的”？

2．He made numerous contributions to the world, the_most_well­known_being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc2.

他对世界做出了很多贡献，最出名的贡献是相对论理论和著名的公式E＝mc2。

3．While_working_there，out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning_a_doctorate_in physics in 1905.

在那里工作时，出于对知识的强烈热情，他继续学习，1905年获得物理学博士学位。

4．Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.

爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。

5．On 18 April 1955, it_was_reported_that Einstein had passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.

1955年4月18日，据报道爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为一位杰出的科学家的逝世而哀悼。

1

[典型例句]

The town was founded by English settlers in 1790.

这座城镇是英格兰移民于1790年建的。

His theory is founded on facts.

他的理论是建立在事实基础之上的。

[易混辨析]

found，find

[思维拓展]

be founded on/upon sth.(＝be based on)建立在某基础之上；建在某物之上

founder n. [C] 创立者；奠基者

foundation n. [C，U]基础；建立

[即时训练]

Their marriage was_founded (found) on love and mutual respect.

2

[典型例句]

One theory about the moon is that it is a piece broken off from the earth.

有一种关于月球的学说认为它是地球分离出的一部分。

This theory should be proved before it is used.

在运用这个理论前要对它进行证明。

[思维拓展]

in theory ([反] in practice) 理论上

Your plan is good in theory, but does it work in practice?

你的计划在理论上不错，但实施起来行吗？

[即时训练]

We should combine theory (理论) with practice.

3

[典型例句]

I like her gentle voice.

我喜欢她温和的声音。

He eats in a gentle way.

他吃饭的样子很文雅。

[易混辨析]

gentle, soft

Arthur was a very gentle, caring person.

亚瑟是一个非常温柔体贴的人。

The soft music sounds very pleasing to the ear.

那轻柔的音乐听起来十分悦耳。

[即时训练]

She smiled gently(gentle) at him.

她温柔地朝他微笑。

4

[典型例句]

Gradually，the children began to understand it.

孩子们渐渐开始明白这件事了。

They gradually improved their work.

他们逐渐地改善了工作。

[思维拓展]

gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的

Recovery from the disease is very gradual.

这种病的康复过程很缓慢。

[即时训练]

Electricity lines to 30,000 homes were gradually(gradual) being restored yesterday.

5

[典型例句]

I'm quite willing to take the consequences of my actions.

我很愿意承担自己行动的后果。

He studied hard，and in consequence he passed the exam.

他努力学习，因此通过了考试。

[思维拓展]

因此，结果(＝as a result)

as a/in consequence of＝as a result of由于……

take the consequences of...承担……的后果

be of no/great consequence 无关紧要/非常重要

consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的

consequently adv.结果；因此

[即时训练]

He slipped and had his leg broken.As a consequence，he will have to be away from school for two or three months.

6

[典型例句]

That is indeed a remarkable thing.

那真是了不起的事情。

[思维拓展]

a remarkable achievement/career/talent非凡的成就/事业/才能

remark n．谈论；言论；评述vt.& vi.谈论；评论；说起

make a remark/ remarks on/ about就……发表意见；对……评头品足

make no remark什么也不说；不加评论

remark that...评论

remark on/upon谈论/评论……

remarkably adv.非常；极为；格外；出乎意料地

He made a number of rude remarks about the food here.

关于这里的食物他做了许多无礼的评论。

A local newspaper remarked that car accidents were on the decrease due to the forceful law.

一家地方报纸评论说由于强有力的法律措施，车祸在减少。

[即时训练]

①Since then, we have made remarkable(remark) progress.

②She is a remarkably (remarkable) determined politician.

③We passed a few remarks(remark) about the weather.

考点集训一

1．The business, founded(found) by Mike, suffered financial setbacks.

2．After a while, the sickness gradually(gradual) passed and she struggled to the mirror.

   3.He is ready to take the consequences(consequence) of his behaviour.

4．China has made remarkable(remark)progress in the past 30 years.

5．He patted me gently(gentle) on the shoulder.

1

[典型例句]

The general had served as a soldier in the earlier war.

在早期的战争中，这位将军曾当过士兵。

The sofa will serve as a bed for a night or two.

沙发可以当床凑合一两夜。

[即时训练]

Let these words of mine serve as a warning to you.

2

[典型例句]

Do you believe you can manage to finish the work in an hour?

你认为你能在一小时内完成这项工作吗？

Though we left home very late, we managed to catch the last bus.

尽管我们出门很晚，但我们赶上了末班车。

[思维拓展]

manage it 表示“完成；能对付得了；能应付”，常用在交际用语中。

—Can I help you, Madame?

——女士，需要帮忙吗？

—Oh, thanks, but I can manage it myself.

——噢，谢谢。我自己能行。

[易混辨析]

manage to do sth., try to do sth.

(1)manage to do sth.表示“成功地做了某事”，重在结果，相当于 succeed in doing sth.。

We managed to get there on time.

我们设法按时到达了那里。(结果是按时到达了)

(2)try to do sth.表示“尽力做某事，设法做某事”，重在动作，但并不一定成功，相当于 attempt to do sth.。

We tried to get there on time.

我们尽力按时赶到那里。(不知是否成功)

[即时训练]

Despite all the troubles, she managed to_get(get)  the chicken into the stove.

3

[典型例句]

When he came to power, he broke his promise of reducing tax.

他当权后就不再遵守减少税收的诺言了。

[思维拓展]

be in power 当权；执政

[易混辨析]

come to power, be in power

come to power为非延续性动词短语，不与时间段连用；be in power为延续性动词短语，可与时间段连用。

De Gaulle came to power in 1958.

戴高乐于1958年开始执政。

The young king had been in power for seven years.

那位年轻的国王已经掌权七年了。

[即时训练]

When the government had come to power, he had been named minister of culture.

4

[典型例句]

When did he take up football?

他是什么时候开始踢足球的？

The work took up all his time.

那工作花费了他所有的时间。

[思维拓展]

take back收回；取回

take down写下，记下；拆散

take in吸收；领会；欺骗

take off脱下；起飞

take on雇用；呈现；承担

take over接管，接任

[即时训练]

After graduating from a university, Li Yan took up her job as a teacher in the countryside.

5

[典型例句]

But tolerance can be mistaken for kindness.

但容忍会被错认为仁慈。

[思维拓展]

mistaken adj.(见解或判断上)错误的；不正确的

be mistaken about对……持错误的见解

mistake sb./sth.误解/误会某人/某事

mistake n．错误

make a mistake犯错误

by mistake错误地

If I'm not mistaken, that's the man we saw on the bus.

要是我没认错人的话，我们在公共汽车上看见的就是那个男子。

He is mistaken about happiness.

他对幸福持有错误的见解。

This time we find that the bees mistake red for dark gray or black.

这次我们发现，蜜蜂错把红色当成深灰色或黑色。

I hope you will forgive me for opening your letter by mistake.

我误拆了您的信，期望您原谅。

[即时训练]

My voice has got so low now that I was mistaken for a man the other day on the phone.

6

[典型例句]

To sum up, there are three main ways of dealing with the problem.

概括起来说，这一问题主要有三种解决办法。

Can I just sum up what we've agreed so far?

我能否就我们目前已经达成的共识作个概括？

She quickly summed up the situation and took control.

她很快就看出是怎么回事，并控制住了局面。

[思维拓展]

sum n．金额；总和；全部

in sum总而言之

summary n．总结；概要

summarize vt.总结；概括；概述

[即时训练]

Let me sum up the last lesson.After that we'll take up a new lesson.

7

[典型例句]

Apart from their house in London, they also have a villa in Spain.

他们在伦敦有一座房子，此外，在西班牙还有一座别墅。

I have finished all apart from the last question.

除了最后一道题，我都做完了。

[易混辨析]

apart from, besides/in addition to, except, except for, except that

apart from相当于besides 和 in addition to。它还可表示“除了……以外”，用于所言不包括的人或事物前，相当于except。

◆besides/in addition to 除了……以外(还有)。除去的部分包含在整体之内

◆except 除了……以外。除去的部分不在整体之内

◆except for 除了……以外。从细节方面对整体进行修正，除去的部分与整体一般不是同一类事物

◆except that 除了……以外(都)。that 引导从句，有时可省略

[即时训练]

Apart from that, I also have a passion for theatre and the arts.

8

[典型例句]

To my surprise, he came on time.

使我惊讶的是，他按时来了。

Much to my surprise, they offered me the job.

使我非常惊奇的是，他们把那份工作给了我。

[思维拓展]

much to one's surprise令某人十分惊讶

to one's delight/joy　　　　使某人高兴的是

to one's disappointment  使某人失望的是

to one's astonishment  使某人惊讶的是

[即时训练]

To my surprise, this plan succeeded!

9

[典型例句]

Who put forward a theory about black holes?

谁提出了黑洞理论？

[思维拓展]

put up with　　　　　忍受，容忍

put aside  搁置；不理睬；储蓄

put away  把……收起来；储蓄

put off  推迟，延期

put through  使经受；接通(电话)

put out  熄灭；出版；生产

put back  将……放回原处；推迟

put together  放在一起

put up  举起；张贴；建造；为……

  提供住宿；推荐；提出

[即时训练]

It was I who put forward the theory first.

10

[典型例句]

I noticed his eyes in particular，because they were very big.

我特别注意到他的眼睛，因为那双眼睛很大。

It was a good concert.I enjoyed the last song in particular.

这是一场不错的音乐会。我尤其喜欢最后那首歌。

[思维拓展]

particular adj.特别的，特殊的；讲究的，挑剔的

be particular about/over对……挑剔/讲究

She is very particular about her clothes.

她对衣着特别挑剔。

[即时训练]

The whole meal was good but the wine in particular was excellent.

考点集训二

1．In recent years, Chinese leaders have put forward the theory of peaceful development.

2．The name of the book was right on the tip of my tongue, but I just couldn't remember it.

3．When Xiao Wu was praised, he was embarrassed, much to our surprise.

4．—Don't forget to turn off the TV.

—OK. I got it!

5．You are completely mistaken about Jane.

6．Will you please sum up the main ideas of this article?  

7．I am often mistaken for my sister.

8．In addition, apart from sending language teachers, the Confucius Institute should also look for creative intellectuals in other fields with a sense of mission about Chinese culture.

9．They had come to power ten years earlier.

[句式分析]

not everything是一个部分否定句。表示“全体”意义的代词、形容词或副词，如all, both, every, everything, everyone, everywhere, always等与否定词not连用构成部分否定。

All answers are not correct.(＝Not all the answers are correct.)

不是所有的答案都正确。

Both of them don't smoke.(＝Not both of them smoke.)

不是他们俩都抽烟。

Every man is not honest.(＝Not every man is honest.)

并不是每个人都诚实。

[思维拓展]

表示完全否定意义的词与肯定形式的谓语动词连用时，表示完全否定。该类词有none, neither, nothing, nobody, no等。

Neither of them likes sports.

他们俩都不喜欢运动。

None of these things are mine.

这些东西都不是我的。

Nothing is ready.

一切都没准备好。

[即时训练]

①All that glitters(闪光) is not gold.

发光的未必都是金子。

②Not all graduates can find a proper job after graduation.

并非所有的大学毕业生都能在毕业后找到一份合适的工作。

③并非每个人都喜欢骑自行车上班。

Not_everyone_is_fond_of_cycling_to_work./Everyone_isn't_fond_of_cycling_to_work.

④Not everything goes well.(改为全部否定)

Nothing_goes_well.

 He made numerous contributions to the world， the most well­known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc2.

他对世界做出了很多贡献，最出名的贡献是相对论理论和著名的公式E＝mc2。

[句式分析]

the most well­known being属于“名词＋现在分词”构成的独立主格结构。独立主格结构相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随等。

[思维拓展]

独立主格结构形式归纳：

①名词/代词 ＋ 现在分词(表示主动或正在进行)

②名词/代词 ＋ 过去分词(表示被动或已完成)

③名词/代词 ＋ 不定式(表示将要发生的动作)

④名词/代词 ＋ 形容词/副词/介词短语(常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态)

Winter coming, it gets colder and colder.

冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。

More time given, we should have done it much better.

若给更多时间，我们会做得更好。

The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand.

那位猎人手拿着枪进了树林。(不可以说 a gun in hand 或 gun in his hand)

[即时训练]

It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring(measure) over 90 metres.

 While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge， he continued to study， earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.

在那里工作时，出于对知识的强烈热情，他继续学习，1905年获得物理学博士学位。

[句式分析]

句中时间状语从句While working there用了省略形式，补充完整为While he was working there。状语从句的省略有两种情况：

He fell asleep while (he was) doing his homework.

他在做功课时睡着了。

Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.

年轻时你要努力工作，否则你会后悔的。

Fill in a proper preposition where (it is) necessary.

在需要的地方填入一个适当的介词。

He opened the desk, as if (he was) in search of something important.

他打开抽屉，仿佛要找什么重要的东西。

[巧学妙记]

状语从句省略口诀：

时、条、让、方、地，

主语同，谓语be，二者省去不可惜；

从句主语是it，省去it's也可以。

[即时训练]

①If asked (ask) to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.

②There are some health problems that, when not treated(treat) in time can become bigger ones later on.

③While walking(walk)the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.

 Einstein， who was Jewish， found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.

爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。

[句式分析]

本句是复合句。who was Jewish是非限制性定语从句。 主句中found接复合宾语，宾语是doors，宾语补足语是closed。宾语补足语和宾语之间构成被动关系，故此处使用过去分词。

[思维拓展]

“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构的具体形式：

We found our mother waiting for us to have dinner.

我们发现妈妈正在等我们吃晚饭。

[即时训练]

①I found myself surrounded(surround) by a group of children.

②She woke up and found herself lying(lie) in hospital.

 On 18 April 1955， it was reported that Einstein had passed away， and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.

1955年4月18日，据报道爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为一位杰出的科学家的逝世而哀悼。

[句式分析]

“It is/was said/reported/believed/known/thought...＋that­clause”句型意为“据说/据报道/大家认为/众所周知/人们认为……”，此句型中it是形式主语，后面的that从句是真正的主语。以上这种句型可以转换成下面的两种句型：

据说她能妙手回春。

→It is said that she is as effective as God，bringing the dying back to life.

→People say that she is as effective as God，bringing the dying back to life.

→She is said to be as effective as God，bringing the dying back to life.

[即时训练]

①Tom is said to_have_bought(buy) a new flat in the town already.

②It is said that he has won the match.

考点集训三

1．A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking(smoke) in the kitchen.

2．It is reported that another man­made satellite has been sent up in China.

3．When buying(buy) fish, you should first smell it.

4．Leaves falling(fall) here and there, I suddenly notice autumn is drawing upon.

5．There being(be) no bus, we had to walk home after the party was over.

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．As we all know, China was founded(建立)in 1949.

2．Much of the meaning must be inferred(推断)from the context.

3．They have arrested a number of leading opposition politicians(政治家)．

4．That sounds fine in theory(理论), but have you really thought it through?

 5.I'll draft(起草)a letter for you.

6．The device was protected by patent(专利) .

7．She's studying for her doctorate(博士学位)．

8．He's a genius(天才)at organizing people.

9．The whole nation had mourned(哀悼)the death of their great leader.  

10．The device(设备)is not designed to transmit to satellites. 

Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1．His passion for her made him blind to everything else.

2．The car is in remarkably(remark)good condition for its age.

 3.To their surprise, hundreds replied to the advertisement.

4．The boat began to drift gently(gentle) acroos the water.

5．Time permitting(permit), you can pay a visit to some places of interest in Hangzhou.

   6.I opened the window only to find the world outside completely changed(change)．

7．It is said(say)that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.

   8.Mike summed his weekend up in one word “Disastrous.”  

9．She led me into the front room, which served as her office.

  10.Somehow, he'd managed to_persuade(persuade) Kay to buy one for him.