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高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 5 Poems导学案
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 5 Poems导学案，共12页。学案主要包含了关系代词的用法，关系副词引导的定语从句，非限制性定语从句，使用定语从句的注意事项等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Period Three Grammar—Review of relative clauses
语法感知
感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题
(1)There are various reasons why people compose poetry.
(2)Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes.
(3)One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”，which contains a list of things，people，ideas，or descriptions that develop a particular theme.
(4)List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.
(5)Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain，which is made up of five lines.
(6)Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables.
(7)The haiku poem on the right is a translation from Japanese，which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly.
1．在上述句子中，句(1)、(2)、(4)，句(5)的第一处加黑部分和句(6)是限制性定语从句；句(3)的加黑部分和句(5)的第二处加黑部分是非限制性定语从句。
2．句(2)中省略了定语从句的关系词。
3．句(1)中是关系副词引导定语从句；句(3)、(4)、(5)、(6)、(7)都是关系代词引导定语从句。
语法精析
在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose等；关系副词有when，where，why。
一、关系代词的用法
who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略；which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略；that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which；在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略；whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。
The person that/who tricked me was one of my classmates.
骗我的那个人是我的一个同学。
The old man (that/whom) the girl had tricked was my grandfather.
女孩欺骗的那位老人是我的爷爷。
The gold medal (that/which) she won has been given to her old school.
她曾经获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。
The woman (that/whom) I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.
我在报纸上读到的那位女士刚刚赢得了一枚金牌。
This is the person whose story surprised everybody.
就是这个人的故事让所有人吃了一惊。
[温馨提示]
1．宜用that不宜用which的情况
(1)当先行词是all，little，much，something，anything，everything，nothing，some等不定代词时。
All that can be done has been done.
一切能做的都已经做完了。
(2)当先行词被all，every，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，the right，the last，just等修饰时。
Music is the only thing that interests me.
音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。
(3)当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.
这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。
(4)当先行词中既有人又有物时。
She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.
她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。
2．宜用which不宜用that的情况
(1)关系代词前有介词时。
The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.
我过去住的房子现在变成了一家鞋店。
(2)在非限制性定语从句中。
Have you ever read the book，which was written by a young girl?
你曾读过一个年轻女孩写的这本书吗？
3．宜用who不宜用that的情况
(1)当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如：one，ones，anyone等。
Anyone who does that must be mad.
谁那样做都一定是疯了。
(2)当先行词是人称代词I，you，he，they等时(常用于谚语中)。
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。
(3)当先行词为指人的those时。
Those who have good manners will be highly respected.
那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。
(4)在there be结构中，先行词指人时。
There is a young man who wants to see you.
有一个年轻人想见你。
4．whose指物时，常用下列结构来代替
The classroom whose door is broken can hold 40 students.
＝The classroom the door of which is broken can hold 40 students.
＝The classroom of which the door is broken can hold 40 students.
那间被弄坏了门的教室能容纳40个学生。
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词的指代及功能
关系副词
先行词
功能
when
表示时间的名词
时间状语
where
表示地点的名词
地点状语
why
reason
原因状语
I still remember the time when I first traveled by plane.
我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。
I’d like to live in the house where there is plenty of sunshine.
我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。
Can you tell me the reason why you didn’t come to his birthday party?
你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？
[温馨提示]
表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则应用关系代词。试比较：
Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语)
Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which作spent的宾语)
I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why作原因状语)
I won’t listen to the reason that/which you have given us.
我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用which/that，不用why)
三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”；关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。
选用介词的依据：
1．根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.
昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。(be famous for因……而出名)
2．根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。
This is the camera with which he often takes photos.
这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(with camera用照相机)
The boss in whose company Mr King worked heard about the accident.
金先生所工作的公司的老板听说了这起事故。(in the boss’ company)
3．根据句子的意思来选择。
The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
这种无色的、离了它我们就无法生存的气体是氧气。
4．表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。
I have about 10 books，half of which were written by Mo Yan.
我有大约10本书，其中一半是莫言写的。
[温馨提示]
在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after，look for等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正)
The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误)
四、非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句做些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外，其他都可以。
He is English，which I know from his accent.
他是英国人，我通过他的口音知道这一点。
I heard a terrible noise，which brought my heart into my mouth.
我听到了一个可怕的声音，这使我非常害怕。
[温馨提示]
关系代词as和which的区别
as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句或主句中的一部分内容，先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语；as和which都不可省略，有时两者可以互换。
He married her，as/which was natural.
他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。
下列情况通常只用as而不用which：
当定语从句置于主句前面时，用as不用which。
As you see，the Chinese people are hardworking.(定语从句在句首)
你知道，中国人民是勤劳的。
注意下面句子的多种表达方法：
众所周知，月球每月绕地球转一圈。
五、使用定语从句的注意事项
1．关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。
Those who are over 45 won’t be permitted into the hall.
超过45岁的人不允许进入大厅。
[温馨提示]
“one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“the only one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。
This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.
这是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的书中的其中一本。
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.
他是我们班里唯一一个学过法语的男孩。
2．为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。
This is the factory which we visited last Sunday.(visited后不可加it)
这就是我们上星期天参观过的工厂。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He is the man who/that has offered some useful advice.
2．It is the most interesting book that he has ever read.
3．He is the boy of whom we are proud in our school.
4．The building whose doors are white is an office building.
5．Anyone who has helped to save the old man is worth praising.
6．She is the only one of the children who is(be) good at music here.
7．The first place that she visited in China was the History Museum.
8．The reason why she changed her mind is quite clear.
9．The days when they travelled together meant a lot to him.
10．She has two sons，both of whom graduated from Harvard University.
Ⅱ.语法填空
Yangshuo，China
It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn’t care.A few hours before，I’d been at home in Hong Kong,11.where I breathed its choking smog.Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain.
I’d skipped nearby Guilin,12.which is a dream place for tourists 13.who/that seek the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 14.that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.Instead，I’d headed straight for Yangshuo.For those 15.who fly to Guilin，it’s only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city.
Yangshuo is really beautiful.A study of travelers 16.that/which was conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations 17.that/which are famous in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people and their families 18.that/who are in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent,19.which is a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people 20.who/that live in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
基础巩固
Ⅰ.句型转换
1．That book’s content is very inspiring.Would you like to buy it?
Would you like to buy that book whose content is very inspiring?
2．She is looking at a picture.It was drawn by a blind girl.
The picture that/which she is looking at was drawn by a blind girl.
3．The house has been pulled down.He lived in the house 10 years ago.
The house where he lived 10 years ago has been pulled down.
4．We settled down in a small village.In front of the village ran a winding river.
We settled down in a small village in front of which ran a winding river.
5．She has three sons.All of her sons are abroad now.
She has three sons，all of whom are abroad now.
Ⅱ.单句写作
6．我昨天打坏的花瓶是很昂贵的。
The vase that/which I broke yesterday was very expensive.
7．送我去医院的那个人是我的一个邻居。
The man that/who sent me to the hospital was one of my neighbors.
8．他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。
The reason why he could not go there was that he was ill in bed.
9．我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代。
We are living in an age when many things can be done on computers.
10．昨天雨下得很大，这阻止了我去公园。
It rained hard yesterday，which prevented/stopped me from going to the park.
能力提升
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
Long ago，poems were recited out loud instead of being written down.When the Greeks first started the Olympics，they held poetry contests as well as athletic competitions.
Now，poetry competitions have been revived.This year 120,000 high school students competed in the first Poetry Out Loud national recitation contest，performing poems from memory for $100,000 in prizes.
The first competitions were held in classrooms.The winners went on to schoolwide contests，and then they competed in city and state competitions.Finally，the 50 state champions，along with the District of Columbia champion，descended upon Washington，D.C.，last week for the ultimate showdown.After the 51 champions competed against one another,12 went on to the finals.Then the field was narrowed to five.The final five had one last chance to “perform” a poem.The overall champ，Jackson Hille，a high school senior from Ohio，won a $20,000 scholarship.
The National Endowment for the Arts and the Poetry Foundation started Poetry Out Loud because they realized that hearing a poem performed is a different experience from reading it on a page.
It’s not just a matter of saying the words in the right order.It’s the tone of voice，the pauses，the gestures，and the attitude of the person performing that bring the words to life.“Each time we hear somebody recite a poem，we understand again what we found fresh and interesting about it，” says National Public Radio broadcaster Scott Simon，master of ceremonies for the finals.Hearing it in a new voice offers something new for the listener.
Not only do the people hearing poems have a new experience，but memorizing and presenting poems helps the participants understand those poems in a new way.Another benefit of a competition such as Poetry Out Loud is that the participants learn publicspeaking skills that can help them for life.
语篇解读 诗歌仅仅在书上阅读是远远不够的，通过朗诵和聆听，同一首诗歌会给人带来全新的感受。
1．From the first paragraph，we can know .
A．the Greeks were the first to write poems
B．the Olympics used to start with poem reciting
C．poems were spread orally in the past
D．athletes were asked to recite poems before competing
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Long ago，poems were recited out loud instead of being written down.”可知，在很早以前诗歌只是口头朗诵的，故可知当时诗歌的传播方式为口头传播。故选C。
2．How many rounds of competitions did the champions take before they went to Washington D．C.?
A．Three. B．Four.
C．Five. D．Six.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的介绍可知，参赛者经过在班里、在学校，然后在市里和州里的比赛后，才来到华盛顿进行比赛。故B项正确。
3．According to the passage，hearing a poem recited by different people can .
A．bring a new life to listeners
B．help listeners find their interest
C．make listeners learn the words
D．offer something new to listeners
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的叙述可知，不同的人朗诵同一首诗歌可以给听者带来全新的感受。故选D。
4．One benefit the participants get from poem recitation competitions is that they can .
A．become skilled in speaking in public
B．write good poems themselves
C．change their attitudes towards life
D．make friends with many great poets
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据文章最后一句话“Another benefit of a competition such as Poetry Out Loud is that the participants learn publicspeaking skills that can help them for life.”可知A项正确。
B
Our “Mommy and Me” time began two years ago.My nextdoor neighbor and fellow mother，Christie，and I were out in our front yards，watching seven children of age 6 and under ride their bikes up and down.“I wish I could take one of my children out alone，” said Christie.
Then we worked out a plan：When Christie takes one of her children out，I’ll watch her other three children.And when she watches two of mine，I’ll take someone out.
The children were extremely quick to accept the idea of “Mommy and Me” time.Christie’s daughter，McKenzie，went first.When she returned，the other children showered her with tons of questions.McKenzie was smiling broadly.Christie looked refreshed and happy.“She’s like a different child when there’s no one else around，” Christie shared with me quietly.With her mother all to herself，McKenzie didn’t have to make an effort to gain attention.
Just as Christie had noticed changes in McKenzie，I also discovered something different in each of my children during our alone times.For example，I am always surprised when my daughter，who is seldom close to me，holds my hand frequently.My stuttering(口吃) son，Tom，doesn’t stutter once during our activities since he doesn’t have to struggle for a chance to speak.And the other son，Sam，who’s always a follower when around other children shines as a leader during our times together.
The “Mommy and Me” time allows us to be simply alone and away with each child—talking，sharing，and laughing，which has been the biggest gain.Every child deserves(应得到) to be an only child at least once in a while.
语篇解读 本文叙述了“我”和邻居Christie进行的“Mommy and Me”time活动以及这项活动给每个孩子带来的改变。
5．What is the text mainly about?
A．The experience of the only child being with mother.
B．The advantages of spending time with one child at a time.
C．The happy life of two families.
D．The basic needs of children.
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。根据全文特别是文章最后一段的内容可知，“Mommy and Me”time这个活动让每个孩子都偶尔享受到独生子女的待遇，让他们都得到了更多获得母爱的机会。故B项正确。
6．Right after McKenzie came back，the other children were .
A．happy B．curious
C．regretful D．friendly
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“When she returned，the other children showered her with tons of questions.”可知，当McKenzie回来以后，其他的孩子非常好奇，想知道妈妈带她出去干什么了。故B项正确。
7．What is one of the changes the author finds in her children?
A．The daughter acts like a leader.
B．Sam holds her hand more often.
C．The boys become better followers.
D．Tom has less difficulty in speaking.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“My stuttering(口吃) son，Tom，doesn’t stutter once during our activities since he doesn’t have to struggle for a chance to speak.”可知，曾经口吃的汤姆在和作者独处时不口吃了。故D项正确。
Ⅳ.七选五
When writing the story of your life，don’t let someone else hold the pen. 1 Here are some ideas for writing a life story：
Live happily in your own way.You are not in this world to live up to the expectations of others，nor should you feel that others are here to live up to yours.What success means to each of us is totally different.Success to others may mean being a good parent.Success is only about spending your life happily in your own way.
2 There are thousands of possible paths up the mountain of life，so it really doesn’t matter which path you start off on.The only mistake is by wasting time running around at the base of the mountain，telling everyone that your life path is wrong.
Embrace(信奉) new ideas，lessons，and challenges.Sometimes growing up means growing apart from old habits，relationships，and situations，and finding something new that truly moves you. 3 You should look very clearly into the unknown and enjoy it.Because when you come in contact with things that you don’t know，that’s when you’re learning，growing，and truly living.
Live honorably through kindness.If you live honorably，no matter how old you get，you’ll never lose your beauty. 4
Spend quality time with people you love. 5 People don’t live forever.Appreciate what you have，who loves you and who cares for you.You’ll never know how much they mean until the day when they are no longer beside you.Someday you will either regret not doing so，or you will say，“I’m glad I did.”
A．Lost time is never found again.
B．Appreciate the little things in life that mean a lot.
C．Change your path when you must，but keep moving forward.
D．There is nothing more wonderful than seeing life as an adventure.
E．For others，it may mean to simply be happy or it can be all of the above.
F．And remember，there is no better thing than reaching out and holding the hand of someone in need.
G．Make wise choices every day because the way you live each day is a sentence in the story of your life.
1．答案 G
解析 根据上文“写自己人生篇章的时候，不要把笔交给别人。”下文是写人生篇章的一些见解。所以横线处起到承上启下的作用。故G项“每天都要做出明智的选择，因为你每天的生活方式就是你人生篇章中的一句话”符合题意。
2．答案 C
解析 由本段内容可知，通往人生这座高山有很多路可以走，走哪条并不重要。唯一的错误是我们把时间浪费在在山脚下徘徊，告诉其他人你选择的路是一条错误的路。所以C项“当你必须改变自己所走的路时，你可以改变。但要继续前行”符合题意。
3．答案 D
解析 由上文可知，有时候，成长意味着远离陈旧的习惯、人际关系和环境，去发现一些真正打动你的新东西。下文又提到你应该非常清楚地看到未知的事物并去享受它的乐趣。所以D项“没有什么比把生活看成一场冒险更奇妙的了”符合题意。
4．答案 F
解析 由本段的小标题和空前句可知，F项“记住，没有什么比伸出手来帮助有需要的人更好的了”符合题意。
5．答案 A
解析 由小标题“Spend quality time with people you love.”以及“People don’t live forever.”可知，A项“光阴一去不复返”符合题意。
Period Three Grammar—Review of relative clauses
语法感知
感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题
(1)There are various reasons why people compose poetry.
(2)Some of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes.
(3)One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”，which contains a list of things，people，ideas，or descriptions that develop a particular theme.
(4)List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.
(5)Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain，which is made up of five lines.
(6)Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables.
(7)The haiku poem on the right is a translation from Japanese，which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly.
1．在上述句子中，句(1)、(2)、(4)，句(5)的第一处加黑部分和句(6)是限制性定语从句；句(3)的加黑部分和句(5)的第二处加黑部分是非限制性定语从句。
2．句(2)中省略了定语从句的关系词。
3．句(1)中是关系副词引导定语从句；句(3)、(4)、(5)、(6)、(7)都是关系代词引导定语从句。
语法精析
在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose等；关系副词有when，where，why。
一、关系代词的用法
who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略；which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略；that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which；在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略；whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。
The person that/who tricked me was one of my classmates.
骗我的那个人是我的一个同学。
The old man (that/whom) the girl had tricked was my grandfather.
女孩欺骗的那位老人是我的爷爷。
The gold medal (that/which) she won has been given to her old school.
她曾经获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。
The woman (that/whom) I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.
我在报纸上读到的那位女士刚刚赢得了一枚金牌。
This is the person whose story surprised everybody.
就是这个人的故事让所有人吃了一惊。
[温馨提示]
1．宜用that不宜用which的情况
(1)当先行词是all，little，much，something，anything，everything，nothing，some等不定代词时。
All that can be done has been done.
一切能做的都已经做完了。
(2)当先行词被all，every，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，the right，the last，just等修饰时。
Music is the only thing that interests me.
音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。
(3)当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.
这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。
(4)当先行词中既有人又有物时。
She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.
她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。
2．宜用which不宜用that的情况
(1)关系代词前有介词时。
The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.
我过去住的房子现在变成了一家鞋店。
(2)在非限制性定语从句中。
Have you ever read the book，which was written by a young girl?
你曾读过一个年轻女孩写的这本书吗？
3．宜用who不宜用that的情况
(1)当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如：one，ones，anyone等。
Anyone who does that must be mad.
谁那样做都一定是疯了。
(2)当先行词是人称代词I，you，he，they等时(常用于谚语中)。
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。
(3)当先行词为指人的those时。
Those who have good manners will be highly respected.
那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。
(4)在there be结构中，先行词指人时。
There is a young man who wants to see you.
有一个年轻人想见你。
4．whose指物时，常用下列结构来代替
The classroom whose door is broken can hold 40 students.
＝The classroom the door of which is broken can hold 40 students.
＝The classroom of which the door is broken can hold 40 students.
那间被弄坏了门的教室能容纳40个学生。
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词的指代及功能
关系副词
先行词
功能
when
表示时间的名词
时间状语
where
表示地点的名词
地点状语
why
reason
原因状语
I still remember the time when I first traveled by plane.
我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。
I’d like to live in the house where there is plenty of sunshine.
我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。
Can you tell me the reason why you didn’t come to his birthday party?
你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？
[温馨提示]
表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则应用关系代词。试比较：
Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语)
Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which作spent的宾语)
I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why作原因状语)
I won’t listen to the reason that/which you have given us.
我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用which/that，不用why)
三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”；关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。
选用介词的依据：
1．根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.
昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。(be famous for因……而出名)
2．根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。
This is the camera with which he often takes photos.
这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(with camera用照相机)
The boss in whose company Mr King worked heard about the accident.
金先生所工作的公司的老板听说了这起事故。(in the boss’ company)
3．根据句子的意思来选择。
The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
这种无色的、离了它我们就无法生存的气体是氧气。
4．表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。
I have about 10 books，half of which were written by Mo Yan.
我有大约10本书，其中一半是莫言写的。
[温馨提示]
在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after，look for等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正)
The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误)
四、非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句做些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外，其他都可以。
He is English，which I know from his accent.
他是英国人，我通过他的口音知道这一点。
I heard a terrible noise，which brought my heart into my mouth.
我听到了一个可怕的声音，这使我非常害怕。
[温馨提示]
关系代词as和which的区别
as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句或主句中的一部分内容，先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语；as和which都不可省略，有时两者可以互换。
He married her，as/which was natural.
他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。
下列情况通常只用as而不用which：
当定语从句置于主句前面时，用as不用which。
As you see，the Chinese people are hardworking.(定语从句在句首)
你知道，中国人民是勤劳的。
注意下面句子的多种表达方法：
众所周知，月球每月绕地球转一圈。
五、使用定语从句的注意事项
1．关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。
Those who are over 45 won’t be permitted into the hall.
超过45岁的人不允许进入大厅。
[温馨提示]
“one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“the only one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。
This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.
这是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的书中的其中一本。
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.
他是我们班里唯一一个学过法语的男孩。
2．为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。
This is the factory which we visited last Sunday.(visited后不可加it)
这就是我们上星期天参观过的工厂。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He is the man who/that has offered some useful advice.
2．It is the most interesting book that he has ever read.
3．He is the boy of whom we are proud in our school.
4．The building whose doors are white is an office building.
5．Anyone who has helped to save the old man is worth praising.
6．She is the only one of the children who is(be) good at music here.
7．The first place that she visited in China was the History Museum.
8．The reason why she changed her mind is quite clear.
9．The days when they travelled together meant a lot to him.
10．She has two sons，both of whom graduated from Harvard University.
Ⅱ.语法填空
Yangshuo，China
It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn’t care.A few hours before，I’d been at home in Hong Kong,11.where I breathed its choking smog.Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain.
I’d skipped nearby Guilin,12.which is a dream place for tourists 13.who/that seek the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 14.that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.Instead，I’d headed straight for Yangshuo.For those 15.who fly to Guilin，it’s only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city.
Yangshuo is really beautiful.A study of travelers 16.that/which was conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations 17.that/which are famous in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people and their families 18.that/who are in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent,19.which is a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people 20.who/that live in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
基础巩固
Ⅰ.句型转换
1．That book’s content is very inspiring.Would you like to buy it?
Would you like to buy that book whose content is very inspiring?
2．She is looking at a picture.It was drawn by a blind girl.
The picture that/which she is looking at was drawn by a blind girl.
3．The house has been pulled down.He lived in the house 10 years ago.
The house where he lived 10 years ago has been pulled down.
4．We settled down in a small village.In front of the village ran a winding river.
We settled down in a small village in front of which ran a winding river.
5．She has three sons.All of her sons are abroad now.
She has three sons，all of whom are abroad now.
Ⅱ.单句写作
6．我昨天打坏的花瓶是很昂贵的。
The vase that/which I broke yesterday was very expensive.
7．送我去医院的那个人是我的一个邻居。
The man that/who sent me to the hospital was one of my neighbors.
8．他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。
The reason why he could not go there was that he was ill in bed.
9．我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代。
We are living in an age when many things can be done on computers.
10．昨天雨下得很大，这阻止了我去公园。
It rained hard yesterday，which prevented/stopped me from going to the park.
能力提升
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
Long ago，poems were recited out loud instead of being written down.When the Greeks first started the Olympics，they held poetry contests as well as athletic competitions.
Now，poetry competitions have been revived.This year 120,000 high school students competed in the first Poetry Out Loud national recitation contest，performing poems from memory for $100,000 in prizes.
The first competitions were held in classrooms.The winners went on to schoolwide contests，and then they competed in city and state competitions.Finally，the 50 state champions，along with the District of Columbia champion，descended upon Washington，D.C.，last week for the ultimate showdown.After the 51 champions competed against one another,12 went on to the finals.Then the field was narrowed to five.The final five had one last chance to “perform” a poem.The overall champ，Jackson Hille，a high school senior from Ohio，won a $20,000 scholarship.
The National Endowment for the Arts and the Poetry Foundation started Poetry Out Loud because they realized that hearing a poem performed is a different experience from reading it on a page.
It’s not just a matter of saying the words in the right order.It’s the tone of voice，the pauses，the gestures，and the attitude of the person performing that bring the words to life.“Each time we hear somebody recite a poem，we understand again what we found fresh and interesting about it，” says National Public Radio broadcaster Scott Simon，master of ceremonies for the finals.Hearing it in a new voice offers something new for the listener.
Not only do the people hearing poems have a new experience，but memorizing and presenting poems helps the participants understand those poems in a new way.Another benefit of a competition such as Poetry Out Loud is that the participants learn publicspeaking skills that can help them for life.
语篇解读 诗歌仅仅在书上阅读是远远不够的，通过朗诵和聆听，同一首诗歌会给人带来全新的感受。
1．From the first paragraph，we can know .
A．the Greeks were the first to write poems
B．the Olympics used to start with poem reciting
C．poems were spread orally in the past
D．athletes were asked to recite poems before competing
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Long ago，poems were recited out loud instead of being written down.”可知，在很早以前诗歌只是口头朗诵的，故可知当时诗歌的传播方式为口头传播。故选C。
2．How many rounds of competitions did the champions take before they went to Washington D．C.?
A．Three. B．Four.
C．Five. D．Six.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的介绍可知，参赛者经过在班里、在学校，然后在市里和州里的比赛后，才来到华盛顿进行比赛。故B项正确。
3．According to the passage，hearing a poem recited by different people can .
A．bring a new life to listeners
B．help listeners find their interest
C．make listeners learn the words
D．offer something new to listeners
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的叙述可知，不同的人朗诵同一首诗歌可以给听者带来全新的感受。故选D。
4．One benefit the participants get from poem recitation competitions is that they can .
A．become skilled in speaking in public
B．write good poems themselves
C．change their attitudes towards life
D．make friends with many great poets
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据文章最后一句话“Another benefit of a competition such as Poetry Out Loud is that the participants learn publicspeaking skills that can help them for life.”可知A项正确。
B
Our “Mommy and Me” time began two years ago.My nextdoor neighbor and fellow mother，Christie，and I were out in our front yards，watching seven children of age 6 and under ride their bikes up and down.“I wish I could take one of my children out alone，” said Christie.
Then we worked out a plan：When Christie takes one of her children out，I’ll watch her other three children.And when she watches two of mine，I’ll take someone out.
The children were extremely quick to accept the idea of “Mommy and Me” time.Christie’s daughter，McKenzie，went first.When she returned，the other children showered her with tons of questions.McKenzie was smiling broadly.Christie looked refreshed and happy.“She’s like a different child when there’s no one else around，” Christie shared with me quietly.With her mother all to herself，McKenzie didn’t have to make an effort to gain attention.
Just as Christie had noticed changes in McKenzie，I also discovered something different in each of my children during our alone times.For example，I am always surprised when my daughter，who is seldom close to me，holds my hand frequently.My stuttering(口吃) son，Tom，doesn’t stutter once during our activities since he doesn’t have to struggle for a chance to speak.And the other son，Sam，who’s always a follower when around other children shines as a leader during our times together.
The “Mommy and Me” time allows us to be simply alone and away with each child—talking，sharing，and laughing，which has been the biggest gain.Every child deserves(应得到) to be an only child at least once in a while.
语篇解读 本文叙述了“我”和邻居Christie进行的“Mommy and Me”time活动以及这项活动给每个孩子带来的改变。
5．What is the text mainly about?
A．The experience of the only child being with mother.
B．The advantages of spending time with one child at a time.
C．The happy life of two families.
D．The basic needs of children.
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。根据全文特别是文章最后一段的内容可知，“Mommy and Me”time这个活动让每个孩子都偶尔享受到独生子女的待遇，让他们都得到了更多获得母爱的机会。故B项正确。
6．Right after McKenzie came back，the other children were .
A．happy B．curious
C．regretful D．friendly
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“When she returned，the other children showered her with tons of questions.”可知，当McKenzie回来以后，其他的孩子非常好奇，想知道妈妈带她出去干什么了。故B项正确。
7．What is one of the changes the author finds in her children?
A．The daughter acts like a leader.
B．Sam holds her hand more often.
C．The boys become better followers.
D．Tom has less difficulty in speaking.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“My stuttering(口吃) son，Tom，doesn’t stutter once during our activities since he doesn’t have to struggle for a chance to speak.”可知，曾经口吃的汤姆在和作者独处时不口吃了。故D项正确。
Ⅳ.七选五
When writing the story of your life，don’t let someone else hold the pen. 1 Here are some ideas for writing a life story：
Live happily in your own way.You are not in this world to live up to the expectations of others，nor should you feel that others are here to live up to yours.What success means to each of us is totally different.Success to others may mean being a good parent.Success is only about spending your life happily in your own way.
2 There are thousands of possible paths up the mountain of life，so it really doesn’t matter which path you start off on.The only mistake is by wasting time running around at the base of the mountain，telling everyone that your life path is wrong.
Embrace(信奉) new ideas，lessons，and challenges.Sometimes growing up means growing apart from old habits，relationships，and situations，and finding something new that truly moves you. 3 You should look very clearly into the unknown and enjoy it.Because when you come in contact with things that you don’t know，that’s when you’re learning，growing，and truly living.
Live honorably through kindness.If you live honorably，no matter how old you get，you’ll never lose your beauty. 4
Spend quality time with people you love. 5 People don’t live forever.Appreciate what you have，who loves you and who cares for you.You’ll never know how much they mean until the day when they are no longer beside you.Someday you will either regret not doing so，or you will say，“I’m glad I did.”
A．Lost time is never found again.
B．Appreciate the little things in life that mean a lot.
C．Change your path when you must，but keep moving forward.
D．There is nothing more wonderful than seeing life as an adventure.
E．For others，it may mean to simply be happy or it can be all of the above.
F．And remember，there is no better thing than reaching out and holding the hand of someone in need.
G．Make wise choices every day because the way you live each day is a sentence in the story of your life.
1．答案 G
解析 根据上文“写自己人生篇章的时候，不要把笔交给别人。”下文是写人生篇章的一些见解。所以横线处起到承上启下的作用。故G项“每天都要做出明智的选择，因为你每天的生活方式就是你人生篇章中的一句话”符合题意。
2．答案 C
解析 由本段内容可知，通往人生这座高山有很多路可以走，走哪条并不重要。唯一的错误是我们把时间浪费在在山脚下徘徊，告诉其他人你选择的路是一条错误的路。所以C项“当你必须改变自己所走的路时，你可以改变。但要继续前行”符合题意。
3．答案 D
解析 由上文可知，有时候，成长意味着远离陈旧的习惯、人际关系和环境，去发现一些真正打动你的新东西。下文又提到你应该非常清楚地看到未知的事物并去享受它的乐趣。所以D项“没有什么比把生活看成一场冒险更奇妙的了”符合题意。
4．答案 F
解析 由本段的小标题和空前句可知，F项“记住，没有什么比伸出手来帮助有需要的人更好的了”符合题意。
5．答案 A
解析 由小标题“Spend quality time with people you love.”以及“People don’t live forever.”可知，A项“光阴一去不复返”符合题意。
相关学案
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