人教版 (2019)Unit 4 History and traditions教案

这是一份人教版 (2019)Unit 4 History and traditions教案，共22页。教案主要包含了策略学习，素养提升等内容，欢迎下载使用。

高一英语主题语境+策略运用+素养提升4合1必刷题15
主题语境：人际关系 策略学习：完形填空解答策略之如何把握细节叙述与语篇整体
【策略学习】
如何把握细节叙述与语篇整体
完形填空分值高，权重大，是高考的拉分题目，所以这个题对于考生来说分分都要争，每分都要保，力争得满分。为此要做到两点：一是对于相对简单的细节题，不要因为失误而丢分；二是对于相对较难的语篇层次题，也要力争得全分。
策略1：细节题目慎斟酌 防范失误保全分
▲避免因词汇理解障碍而失分
在完形填空题的设题上，命题者往往还将一些考生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项，从而造成考生错选、对于这些词汇，考生在平时必须引起重视，背熟记牢。
【典例】　(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
If we 42.admit it is a door，they’ll want to go outside __43__. It will drive us crazy.
43. A.gradually B. constantly
C. temporarily D. casually
【分析】　句意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。根据下文I should just 59.accept repeatedly having to say，“No.We can’t go outside now.”可推测出，孩子们会不断地想出去。故选B。选项constantly，temporarily，casually都属于低频词，许多考生会由于对词义把握不准而误选。
▲避免因不明熟词生义而失分
熟词生义往往是考生容易忽视的地方，很多考生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维堵塞，造成了不应有的失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析，以帮助考生熟悉其命题特点，从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱” 。
【典例】　(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro，the highest mountain in Africa.They 41.bring with them lots of waste.The 42.crowds might damage the beauty of the place.The glaciers(冰川) are disappearing，changing the __43____of Kilimanjaro.
43. A.position B. age
C. face D. name
【分析】　根据设空前的“The 42.crowds might damage the beauty of the place.The glaciers(冰川) are disappearing”可知，人群可能会破坏这个地方的美，冰川也正在消失，由此可推知，这一切正在改变着乞力马扎罗山的面貌(face)，face 此处意为：(地区，机构或活动领域的)外观，面貌。
▲避免因惯性思维而失分
在英语学习中，由于种种原因，如考生的母语干扰、知识面和思维习惯等都有可能令考生出现一些思维定式现象，即不善于多方位思考，考虑问题不全面，导致错选一些题目，完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种情况：
(1)单词运用受到的思维定式影响
有些考生学习英语单词过于简单化，仅记其中文意思，而不深刻理解其实际用法和英汉用法之间的细微差异。例如：表示“成功做某事”，不可以用succeed to do sth来表达。
(2)短语或习语运用受到的思维定式影响
例如：学习了wait for这个词组以后，有的考生在做题过程中只要碰到wait，后面要接介词时就毫不犹豫地选择for，但在“He stopped his car to wait at the redlight.”中就不用for。
【典例】　(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
Since our twins began learning to walk，my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window.The 41.reason is obvious.If we 42.admit it is a door，they’ll want to go outside 43.constantly. It will drive us crazy.The kids apparently know the __44__. But our insisting it’s 45.merely a window has kept them from 46.attempting millions of requests to open the door.
44. A.result B. danger
C. method D. truth
【分析】　由空后下文But our insisting...to open the door.可知，阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试；再由下文的I hate lying to the kids.可知，孩子们是知道真相的。但考生受思维定式影响，看到前文The 41.reason is obvious，而误选A项。
策略2：语篇题目莫慌张 立足全文寻答案
语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇，这就要求考生抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想意图或主角的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则——不急于解答，读完全文后综合思维再做判定。
【典例1】　(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west－central Iowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota.During the long trip home，following a weekend of hunting，Ehlers 41.thought about the small dog he had seen 42.trembling alongside the road.He had 43.tried to coax (哄) the dog to him but，frightened，it had 44.run__off.
Back home，Ehlers was troubled by that 45.lost dog.So，four days later，he called his friend Greg，and the two drove 46.back. After a long and careful 47.search，Greg saw，across a field，the dog moving __48__ away.Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him.Nervousness and fear were replaced with 49.joy. It just started licking (舔) Ehlers’ face.
48. A.cautiously B. casually
C. skillfully D. angrily
【分析】　本题是语篇层次题。只看题目所在的句子我们是无法确定答案的，此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。根据第一段最后一句中的“frightened”和第二段第二句中的“four days later”并结合下文的“Nervousness and fear”可知，一只走丢多日的小狗受到惊吓，感到紧张不安和恐惧，因此当Greg看见它的时候，它正小心谨慎地(cautiously)移动，casually“随便地”；skillfully“巧妙地，熟练地”；angrily“生气地”。
【典例2】　(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
...
The 46.story began during my first week at college.I watched as the ASL Club 47.performed their translation of a song.Both the hand movements and the very 48.idea of communicating without speaking 49.attracted me.What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50.past. This newness just left me 51.wanting more.
After that，feeling the need to__52__ further，I decided to drop in on one of ASL club’s meetings.I only learned how to 53.sign the alphabet that day.Yet instead of being discouraged by my 54.slow progress，I was excited.I then made it a point to 55.attend those meetings and learn all I could.
...
52. A.exercise B. explore
C. express D. explain
【分析】　本题是语篇层次题。需要综合空格上一段和空格所在段落来寻找突破口。本题可以利用文章发展脉络解题。所节选部分文章发展脉络为：大学第一周“我”观看了美式手语俱乐部的表演→“我”被表演所吸引→“我”想进一步学习更多手语方面的知识→“我”参加俱乐部的会议。根据文章发展脉络可知，第52题是在作者观看了美式手语俱乐部的表演后感受到了进一步“探索(explore)”的必要。故答案为B项。
【素养提升】
一、阅读理解
1
We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.
Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with mall talk,” he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”
In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction (互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. “It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,” says Dunn. “But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”
Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis of good manners,” he says.
1.What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?
A.Addiction to smartphones.
B.Bad behaviours in public places.
C.Anger with slow service.
D.Absence of communication between strangers.
2.What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?
A.Showing good manners. B.Relating to other people.
C.Focusing on a topic. D.Making business deals.
3.What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?
A.It improves family relationships. B.It raises people’s confidence.
C.It matters as much as a formal talk. D.It makes people feel good.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Conversational Intelligence B.Ways of Making Small Talk
C.Benefits of Small Talk D.Uncomfortable Silence

【答案】1.D 2.B 3.D 4.C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。在当今社会，人们在公共场合或沉迷于智能手机，或与不舒服的沉默抗争，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。但人与人之间是需要适当的交谈闲聊的，闲聊是人际关系社会交往必不可少的部分，而且也有很多好处。
1.主旨大意题。根据第一段的内容“We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.(我们都身处过这样的场合：在电梯里，在银行或飞机上排队，周围都是像我们这样专注于智能手机的人，或者更糟糕的是，在令人不安的沉默中挣扎)”可推断，第一段主要讲述了陌生人之间缺乏沟通。故选D项。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them"(成功闲聊的关键是学习如何与他们交流，而不仅仅是与他们沟通)”可知，Carducci认为与他人相处对于成功的闲聊很重要。故选B项。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段的“The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience.(结果表明，那些与服务员聊天的人报告了更高的积极情绪和更好的咖啡店体验)”可知，咖啡店的研究表明闲聊让人们感觉更好。故选D项。
4.主旨大意题。整篇文章刚开始介绍了社会的现象 （公共场合人们沉迷于智能手机，陌生人之间缺乏沟通交流），接着分析了这一问题的原因，接下来有专家对闲聊进行了研究，最后得出结论，闲聊都有什么样的好处。因此推断本文主要讨论了闲聊的好处。因此推断C项“闲聊的好处”为最佳标题。故选C项。
2
Going to school looks quite a bit different during the COVID-19 pandemic(流行病). Students and teachers have to wear masks and keep social distance in the whole day. But teachers like Mary Schulz of the West Fork School District in Rockwell, Lowa, still miss the daily greetings that help grow their relationship with their kids. One of the things that Mary missed most was her daily greeting each third grade students with a hug, high - five, or handshake. "When we came back, we hadn't seen each other in so long and the students just wanted to reach out, you could see it, “she said. "It was just kind of awkward. Maybe you will think the ways of greetings are funny.”
She thought of a clever way to have each of her students come up with a special greeting to start their day! Some of them do a dance move, some simply wave, and others have a difficult foot - tap combination. Mary learned all 20 of their special hellos and now her kids are glad to line up for their daily welcome from Mrs. Mary.
Mary said she has felt more connected with her students since having the daily greetings, and the kids just like it! "We're just trying to have school life with some fun things, she added. "It has brought me joy too.”
5.How did Mary Schulz often greet her students?
A.With a nice gift. B.With a sweet smile.
C.With a warm word. D.With an action of welcome.
6.How did Mary Schulz learn so many kinds of greetings?
A.On the internet. B.From her students.
C.Keeping Thinking by herself. D.Her friends told her.
7.What did the daily greeting bring about?
A.Students became friendly and polite.
B.Both Mary and students felt very happy.
C.Students started to keep social distance.
D.Some students studied harder than before.
8.What could be the best title for the passage?
A.Interesting Greetings B.Creativity out of Necessity
C.Keep Social Distance D.Ideas of one Teacher

【答案】5.D 6.B 7.B 8.A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在传染病大流行期间，Mary Schulz和孩子们之间运用了不同一般地每日问候，增进他们之间的关系，给他们带来了许多快乐。
5.推理判断题。根据第一段中“One of the things that Mary missed most was her daily greeting each third grade students with a hug, high - five, or handshake.”（Mary最怀念的事情之一是她每天用拥抱、击掌或者握手来问候每一个三年级的学生。）可以推断，Mary经常用一个欢迎的动作来问候学生。故选D项。
6.细节理解题。根据第二段中“She thought of a clever way to have each of her students come up with a special greeting to start their day!”（她想出了一个聪明的办法，让她的每个学生都想出一个特别的问候语来开始他们的一天！）以及后文内容可知，Mary Schulz是通过学生了解到这么多种问候语的。故选B项。
7.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中“now her kids are glad to line up for their daily welcome from Mrs. Mary.”（现在她的孩子们很高兴，每天排队等候玛丽夫人的欢迎。）以及最后一段中Mary所说“It has brought me joy too.”（它也给我带来了快乐。）可知，每日问候使Mary和孩子们都很高兴。故选B项。
8.主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“But teachers like Mary Schulz of the West Fork School District in Rockwell, Lowa, still miss the daily greetings that help grow their relationship with their kids. One of the things that Mary missed most was her daily greeting each third grade students with a hug, high - five, or handshake.”（但是，像Rockwell, Lowa, West Fork学区的Mary Schulz这样的老师仍然怀念那些有助于增进他们与孩子之间关系的每日问候。Mary最怀念的事情之一是她每天用拥抱、击掌或者握手来问候每一个三年级的学生。）可知，本文主要讲述了在传染病大流行期间，Mary Schulz和孩子们之间运用的不同一般地每日问候，增进他们之间的关系，给他们带来了许多快乐。选项A“有趣的问候”，突出主题，简明扼要，适合作标题。故选A项。
3
Being a college student during a pandemic （流行病）means you're probably working from home internship （实习）.Working remotely has become a positive trend （趋势）and more people are realizing that it's not only easy to do, but is also environmentally and economically （经济上）friendly.
Although, there are some challenges and difficulties to overcome when you work from home internship. Interns doesn't have interacting（互动）with the workmates and don't get as much hands-on experience, which can be disappointing at times.
It's important to make connections with your workmates while serving your internship. Normally, this is done by being in the office every day and gathering near the water cooler to chat or in meetings. Making connections and building relationships with coworkers while working from home is a major challenge. This can be done in a couple of different ways.
The first is to stick to meetings with your supervisor （上级）.Plan a weekly, or daily if necessary, meeting to talk about your projects and to build a relationship together. Besides, join in your team meetings when you can contribute something important or meaningful. You can even master the art of small talk so you know that your voice is being heard by every workmate. Il's admirable for a young intern, especially one who works from home, to speak up. Lastly, you can join in any teambuilding exercises or social events. Since working remotely has become the new normal, companies are trying to come up with activities that help coworkers unite together even when they aren't face-to-face.
9.What's the author's attitude towards “working remotely”？
A.Pessimistic. B.Optimistic.
C.Uncertain. D.Questioning.
10.Which is the possible weakness of “working remotely" ?
A.The difficulty in interacting with others.
B.Being unable to get working experience.
C.Feeling disappointed all the time.
D.Losing touch with your supervisor.
11.How many pieces of advice are given in Paragraph 4?
A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four.
12.What's the best title for the passage?
A.Communicating Much While Working from Home Internship
B.Getting the Most from Working from Home Internship
C.Combining Office Culture with Working from Home Internship
D.Experiencing Working from Home Internship when You Graduate

【答案】9.B 10.A 11.C 12.A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了在家工作实习的优点和可能存在和其他人互动困难的问题，最后重点提出了解决问题的几点建议。
9.推理判断题。根据第一段“Working remotely has become a positive trend （趋势）and more people are realizing that it's not only easy to do, but is also environmentally and economically （经济上）friendly.（远程办公已经成为一种积极的趋势，越来越多的人意识到远程办公不仅简单，而且对环境和经济都有利。）”可知，作者的描述中远程办公有很多好处，可以推断作者对此事持积极的态度。故选B项。
10.细节理解题。根据第二段“Interns doesn't have interacting（互动）with the workmates and don't get as much hands-on experience, which can be disappointing at times.（实习生不能和同事交流，也不能得到太多的实践经验，这有时会让人失望。）”可知，远程办公可能存在的缺点是，和其他人互动有一定的困难。故选A项。
11.细节理解题。根据第四段“The first is to stick to meetings with your supervisor （上级）.... Besides, join in your team meetings when you can contribute something important or meaningful... Lastly, you can join in any teambuilding exercises or social events…”可知，为了在家工作时能与同事建立联系，作者给出了三条建议。故选C项。
12.主旨大意题。文章首段点题，引出了远程办公这一趋势；第二段和第三段讲了远程办公的缺点，那就是同事之间互动比较困难；第四段主要就如何克服这一缺点提出建议，那就是尽可能多地和别人交流。因此文章的主旨是在家工作实习的时候尽可能多地和同事交流，文章的标题也要往这一方面靠近。故选A项。
4
So many things can keep you from seeing your loved ones in person, from busy schedules to long distances to a rather unexpected COVID-19 virus. Fortunately, thanks to modem technology, the people we miss are often only a phone call or text message away. But if you’re someone who prefers to type out messages. you may want io reconsider. A new study, published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology, found that communication that included voice, like a phone call or video chat, created stronger social relationships than communication through typing, like text messaging or email.
In the study, researchers used various experiments to measure relationships. In one, they asked 200 people what it would be like to reconnect with an old friend by email or by phone and then asked them to do one or the other. Although people anticipated that a phone call would be more awkward, hearing someone’s voice actually made the experience better.
“People reported they did form a stronger relationship with their old friend on the phone compared with email, and they did not feel more awkward,” said Amit Kumar, an assistant professor of marketing at the McCombs School of Business.
In another experiment, the researchers had strangers connected by either texting, talking over video chat, or talking using only audio. They found that both forms of voice communication — whether video or audio only — made the strangers feel significantly more connected than when they communicated by text.
Sabrina Romanoff, a Harvard psychologist, says people tend to text or email instead of calling because of convenience, as they see it as a controlled form of communication where they can “communicate information exactly in the way they want without unexpected additions by the other person.”
Romanoff says that in reality, texting can make it hard to determine the true meaning behind a conversation. “A phone call is actually more convenient when considering the pet effects of the message,” she explains. “Each party is more present, and therefore, able to understand the meaning behind the content without thinking about the endless possible meanings behind words.”
13.What does the passage mainly tell us?
A.Texting does harm lo social relationships.
B.Voice communication brings people closer.
C.A phone call does more good than a text message.
D.People prefer a text message rather than a phone call.
14.How did the researchers carry out the study?
A.By comparing. B.By reasoning. C.By imagining. D.By discussing.
15.What does the underlined word “anticipated” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A.Ensured. B.Refused. C.Expected. D.Disagreed.
16.People prefer to text rather than call because they think .
A.texting makes them feel more connected
B.they feel awkward when making a phone call
C.texting helps communicate their information exactly
D.calling helps determine the true meaning behind the conversation

【答案】13.B 14.A 15.C 16.C
【解析】本文是说明文。科学研究告诉我们，如果你想和交谈的人感觉更亲近，你应该给他们打电话，而不是发短信。
13.主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“A new study, published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology, found that communication that included voice, like a phone call or video chat, created stronger social relationships than communication through typing, like text messaging or email.(发表在《实验心理学杂志》上的一项新研究发现，与发短信或电子邮件等打字交流相比，如电话或视频聊天的语音交流能创造更强的社会关系)”及下文对相关研究实验的介绍可知，文章主要告诉我们语音交流让人们更加亲密。故选B项。
14.推理判断题。根据第三段中的“People reported they did form a stronger relationship with their old friend on the phone compared with email, and they did not feel more awkward(与电子邮件相比，人们在电话中与老朋友建立了更牢固的关系，他们也没有感到更尴尬)”可知，此处将打电话和发电子邮件进行对比。再根据第四段中的“In another experiment, the researchers had strangers connected by either texting, talking over video chat, or talking using only audio.(在另一项实验中，研究人员让陌生人通过发短信、视频聊天或只使用音频聊天的方式联系在一起)”可知，此处把发短信、视频聊天和音频聊天三者进行对比。由此推知，研究人员是通过对比的方式开展研究的。故选A项。
15.词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Although people anticipated that a phone call would be more awkward, hearing someone’s voice actually made the experience better.(虽然人们anticipated打电话会更尴尬，但听到别人的声音实际上会让通话感觉更好)”中的Although可知，前后句是转折关系，后一句说人们听到别人的声音实际上会让通话感觉更好，由此推知，前一句表示预测，划线词anticipate的意思是“预料”，故选C项。
16.细节理解题，根据倒数第二段“Sabrina Romanoff, a Harvard psychologist, says people tend to text or email instead of calling because of convenience, as they see it as a controlled form of communication where they can “communicate information exactly in the way they want without unexpected additions by the other person.”(哈佛大学心理学家Sabrina Romanoff说，人们倾向于发短信或电子邮件而不是打电话，因为他们认为这是一种可控的交流形式，他们可以“按照自己想要的方式传达信息，而不会受到对方的意外补充。”)”可知，人们更喜欢发短信是因为他们认为短信有助于准确地传达他们的信息。故选C项。

二、七选五
Five Tips for Getting Along with Your Roommate
You may have grown up living with lots of siblings, or this may be your first time sharing your living space with someone else. While having a roommate inevitably has its challenges, it can also be a great part of your college experience. 17.Be clear about your expectations from the beginning
Do you know in advance that you hate it when someone turns off alarms fifteen times every morning? 18. That you need ten minutes to yourself before talking to anyone after you wake up? Let your roommate know as soon as you can about your little quirks and preferences. It's not fair to expect him or her to pick up on them right away, and communicating what you need is one of the best ways to eliminate problems before they become problems.
Respect your roommate's stuff
This may seem simple, but it's probably one of the biggest reasons why roommates experience conflict. Don't think he'll mind if you borrow his things for a minute? For all you know, you just stepped over an uncrossable line. 19.Lock the door and windows
This may seem like it has nothing to do with roommate relationships, but how would you feel if your roommate's laptop got stolen during the ten seconds it took you to run down the hall? Or vice versa? Locking your door and windows is a critical part of keeping safe on school.
20.Your roommate may be from someplace you've never heard of. They may have a religion or lifestyle that is completely different from your own. Be open to new ideas and experiences, especially as it relates to what your roommate brings into your life. That's why you went to college in the first place, right?!
If nothing else, follow the golden rule
Treat your roommate like you'd like to be treated. 21. It will help you get closer soon. No matter what your relationship is at the end of the year, you can take comfort knowing you acted like an adult and treated your roommate with respect.
A.That you love neatness crazily?
B.Don't borrow, use, or take anything without getting permission first.
C.Be flexible to your changing environment.
D.You should be friendly with your roommate but also make sure you have your own social circles.
E.Follow these five tips to make sure you and your roommate keep things pleasant throughout the year.
F.Be open to new things.
G.Lend a helping hand when she is in need.

【答案】17.E 18.A 19.B 20.F 21.G
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了与室友相处的五个小技巧。
17.上文“While having a roommate inevitably has its challenges, it can also be a great part of your college experience.(虽然拥有室友不可避免地有它的挑战，它可能也是你的大学经历的一个重要组成部分)”说明在和室友交往过程会遇到问题，选项E“遵循以下五条建议，确保你和你的室友一年四季都保持愉快。”承接上文，说明要解决以上问题，应遵循下面五条建议，并引出以下五段内容。故选E项。
18.段落标题“Be clear about your expectations from the beginning(从一开始就明确你的期望)”说明本段建议明确自己的期望，上文“Do you know in advance that you hate it when someone turns off alarms fifteen times every morning?(你事先知道你讨厌有人每天早上关掉15次闹钟吗？)”提出一个期望的问题，选项A“That you love neatness crazily?(你狂热地爱整洁吗？)”承接上文问句，和下文“That you need ten minutes to yourself before talking to anyone after you wake up?(你起床后和任何人说话前需要十分钟的时间吗？)”一起提出另外所期望的问题，选项中That引导宾语从句和上下文中宾语从句并列，问号和上下文一致。故选A项。
19.段落标题“Respect your roommate's stuff(尊重你室友的东西)”说明本段建议尊重室友的东西，上文“Don't think he'll mind if you borrow his things for a minute? For all you know, you just stepped over an uncrossable line.(你认为你借他的东西一小会儿他不会介意吗？就你所知，你刚刚跨过了一条无法跨越的线)”说明不要随意动用室友的东西，选项B“未经许可，不得借用、使用或拿走任何东西。”承接上文，做出总结，说明不要随意动用室友的东西。选项中borrow和上文borrow词汇重叠，语义一致。故选B项。
20.下文“Your roommate may be from someplace you've never heard of. They may have a religion or lifestyle that is completely different from your own. Be open to new ideas and experiences, especially as it relates to what your roommate brings into your life.(你的室友可能来自一个你从没听说过的地方。他们的宗教信仰或生活方式可能与你完全不同。对新的想法和经历持开放态度，特别是当它与你的室友给你的生活带来的东西有关时)”说明本段主题是建议对新的想法和经历持开放态度，选项F“对新事物持开放态度。”概括本段内容，适合做小标题。选项Be open to new things和下文中Be open to new ideas and experiences语义一致。故选F项。
21.上文“Treat your roommate like you'd like to be treated.(对待你的室友就像你想被对待一样)”说明了应该怎么对待室友，选项G“当她需要帮助时伸出援助之手。”承接上文，进一步提出怎样对待室友，引出下文“It will help you get closer soon.(它会很快帮助你们拉近关系)”选项G和下文是因果关系。故选G项。

三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
One act of kindness is leading to another. And as kindness 22. (pass) to another, new friendships are forming and existing ones are strengthening.
My elderly neighbor called my daughter and me 23. (pick) fruits from her tree as the fruits were high and it was required to step on a huge ladder to get them. After an hour spent 24. (chat) and picking the fruits, she treated us to a glass of fruit juice. 25. addition, she gave us plenty of fruits to hand out to 26. (we) friends.
I then gave them to three other senior friends of mine. One of them gave me a hot tomato soup. I tasted it. It was so delicious 27. I couldn't help asking her about it. She told me that her mom and grandma were both top 28. (cook) and she learned it from them when she was helping them in her youth.
This was 29. (total) unexpected and interesting to know. Besides, she invited me again and agreed that we would prepare the dish together, 30. was the best part of all. I feel very 31. (thank) for these friendships and connections. Kindness and friendship always go hand in hand.

【答案】
22.is passed/ is being passed
23.to pick
24.chatting
25.In
26.our
27.that
28.cooks
29.totally
30.which
31.thankful
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者通过分享邻居家的果子增进了朋友之间的友谊。
22.考查被动语态。句意：当善良传递给他人时，新的友谊正在形成，现有的友谊也在加强。根据后文“new friendships are forming and existing ones are strengthening”可知，此处时态可用一般现在时或现在进行时，谓语动词pass和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，结构为be done或be being done，因主语kindness为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填is passed/ is being passed。
23.考查动词不定式。句意：我年迈的邻居叫我和女儿去摘她那棵树上的果子，因为果子很高，需要爬上一架巨大的梯子才能摘到。call sb to do sth“叫某人干某事”是动词固定用法，动词不定式作宾补。故填to pick。
24.考查非谓语动词。句意：在闲聊了一个小时并摘了水果后，她请我们喝了一杯果汁。spend some time（in）doing sth是动词固定用法，动名词作介词in的宾语，in可省略。故填chatting。
25.考查介词。句意：此外，她还给了我们很多水果来分给我们的朋友。in addition“另外；此外”是介词短语，固定搭配，句子首字母大写，故填In。
26.考查代词。句意：此外，她还给了我们很多水果来分给我们的朋友。根据空格后的名词friends，可知此处应填形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填our。
27.考查结果状语从句。句意：它是如此美味，我忍不住问她（怎么做的）。分子句子可知，此处是so…that（如此……以至于……）句型，所以应用that引导结果状语从句。故填that。
28.考查名词复数。句意：她告诉我，她的妈妈和奶奶都是顶尖的厨师，她年轻时帮助他们的时候就从他们那里学到了这一点。因主语“her mom and grandma”两个人为复数，所以应用可数名词cook的复数形式，作表语。故填cooks。
29.考查副词。句意：这完全出乎意料，而且也很有趣。修饰形容词应用副词，所以此处应用total的副词形式修饰过去分词转化的形容词unexpected。故填totally。
30.考查定语从句。句意：此外，再说，她又邀请我，答应我们一起准备菜，这是最好的一部分。分析句子可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面句子，关系代词which引导从句，代指先行词，在从句中作主语。故填which。
31.考查形容词。句意：我非常感谢这些友谊和联系。根据系动词feel可知，此处应填thank的形容词作表语。故填thankful。

四、完形填空
1
Penpals Jill Stretton and Cathie Alexander live half a world apart. However, they've 32 a faithful correspondence for seven decades.
The long-lived letter-writing relationship 33 in 1950 when 12-year-old Stretton from Australia, was given Alexander's 34 by a family friend in Scotland.
Back then, it sometimes took six weeks for a long-distance letter to reach its 35 , but the pair felt an instant rapport（融洽）after their first 36 that has only grown 37 with time.
Though the two women didn't meet in person until 1982, they feel as if they truly 38 with one another, sharing life's milestones through their letters.
“She is just like one of the family,“ Stretton said. "And we are still as together as we ever were 70 years ago. That is quite 39 for people who've lost confidence in ever-lasting friendship. ,,
Stretton and Alexander have never stopped 40 to one another. Along with hopes, dreams, plans’ photos, and family updates, through the years, their letters have contained their sweet life 41 -weddings, birthdays, graduation and so on.
While they 42 write letters, with technology developing, Stretton and Alexander have slightly bowed to the times. For longer messages, they've turned to the Internet, but they agree that nothing will 43 a handwritten note. "Now, we do 44 to send postcards rather than write long letters because we email now," Stretton 45 honestly. But letter writing plays the most important part in their friendship.
The two women's story proves that 46 is nothing when it comes to true friendship.
32.A.ignored B.selected C.recommended D.maintained
33.A.improved B.changed C.began D.disappeared
34.A.email B.address C.work D.postcard
35.A.destination B.rate C.power D.intention
36.A.adventure B.struggle C.exchange D.comment
37.A.stronger B.more confusing C.smaller D.more awkward
38.A.broke down B.grew up C.turned up D.settled down
39.A.typical B.frightening C.convenient D.inspiring
40.A.applying B.speaking C.writing D.traveling
41.A.solutions B.memories C.challenges D.sufferings
42.A.still B.gradually C.never D.eventually
43.A.determine B.impact C.measure D.replace
44.A.pretend B.tend C.refuse D.fail
45.A.apologized B.asked C.admitted D.escaped
46.A.distance B.quality C.knowledge D.profession

【答案】32.D 33.C 34.B 35.A 36.C 37.A 38.B 39.D 40.C 41.B 42.A 43.D 44.B 45.C 46.A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述相隔大半个地球的两位女士通过书信保持着数十年的友谊，说明只要是真正的友谊，距离从来不会成为其阻碍。
32.考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，她们保持书信往来长达70年。A. ignored忽视；B. selected挑选；C. recommended推荐；D. maintained保持。根据下文“The long-lived letter-writing relationship”可知，她们有长久的书信往来关系，所以她们“保持”了长达七十年的通信。故选D项。
33.考查动词词义辨析。句意：她们之间长久的书信往来关系开始于1950年，当时来自澳大利亚的12岁的Stretton的家人的苏格兰朋友给了她Alexander的地址。A. improved改善；B. changed改变；C. began开始；D. disappeared消失。根据下文“in 1950 when 12-year-old Stretton from Australia”可知，1950年是她们通信开始的时间。故选C项。
34.考查名词词义辨析。句意：她们之间长久的书信往来关系开始于1950年，当时来自澳大利亚的12岁的Stretton的家人的苏格兰朋友给了她Alexander的地址。A. email邮件；B. address地址；C. work工作；D. postcard明信片。根据前文“The long-lived letter-writing relationship___2___in 1950”可知，她们作为笔友开始通信关系首先需要知道对方的地址。故选B项。
35.考查名词词义辨析。句意：那时，一封长途信件需要六周才能被送达目的地，在两个女孩第一次交流后，她们感觉彼此很契合，而这种契合感与日俱增。A. destination目的地；B. rate比率；C. power力量；D. intention目的。根据前文“took six week”和“reach its”可知，她们之间的信件需要花费六周才能到达目的地。故选A项。
36.考查名词词义辨析。句意：那时，一封长途信件需要六周才能被送达目的地，在两个女孩第一次交流后，她们感觉彼此很契合，而这种契合感与日俱增。A. adventure冒险；B. struggle挣扎；C. exchange交流；D. comment评论。根据上文“but the pair felt an instant rapport（融洽）after their first”可知，她们有了交流之后才会感到契合。故选C项。
37.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那时，一封长途信件需要六周才能被送达目的地，在两个女孩第一次交流后，她们感觉彼此很契合，而这种契合感与日俱增。A. stronger更强烈；B. more confusing更令人困惑；C. smaller更小；D. more awkward更尴尬。“that has only grown___6___with time”为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词an instant rapport，根据前文“the pair felt an instant rapport”可知，她们第一次交流时候感觉很融洽，之后随着更多的交流，这种感觉更加强烈。故选A项。
38.考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管这两个女人直到1982年才见面，但她们感觉彼此真的一起长大了，她们通过书信分享彼此生活中发生的事。A. broke down出故障；B. grew up长大；C. turned up出现；D. settled down定居。根据下文“sharing life's milestones through their letters”可知，几十年来，她们通过书信分享着彼此的生活，虽然一直没有见面，但感觉就像是一起长大的。故选B项。
39.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们之间持久的友谊对于那些对长久的友谊丧失了信心的人来说是很受鼓舞的。A. typical典型的；B. frightening可怕的；C. convenient方便的；D. inspiring鼓舞人心的。根据“And we are still as together as we ever were 70 years ago. That is quite___8___ for people who've lost confidence in ever-lasting friendship.”可知，她们的友谊持续了几十年，并且友情还跟当初一样，这对于那些对友谊丧失信心的人来说是一种鼓舞。故选D项。
40.考查动词词义辨析。句意：Stretton和Alexander从未停止给彼此写信。applying申请；B. speaking说；C. writing写；D. traveling旅行。根据下文“through the years, their letters have contained their sweet life”可知，她们几十年来一直通过写信分享彼此的生活，所以她们从未停止通信。故选C项。
41.考查名词词义辨析。句意：伴随着希望、梦想、计划的照片和家庭的更新，这些年来，她们的信中包含了她们甜蜜的生活回忆——婚礼、生日、毕业等等。A. solutions解决办法；B. memories记忆；C. challenges挑战；D. sufferings遭遇。根据下文“weddings, birthdays, graduation and so on.”可知，她们在信中分享的都是她们生活中美好的事情，这些都是属于她们的美好回忆。故选B项。
42.考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然她们还在写信，但随着技术的发展，Stretton和Alexander已经稍微向时代低头了。A. still仍然；B. gradually逐渐地；C. never从不；D. eventually最终。根据上文while和下文“For longer messages, they've turned to the Internet”可知，虽然她们仍然在写信，但对于较长的信息她们转向了网络，此处表示让步关系。故选A项。
43.考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于更长的信息，她们求助于互联网，但她们一致认为，没有什么能取代手写的信件。A. determine决定；B. impact影响；C. measure估量；D. replace取代。根据下文“But letter writing plays the most important part in their friendship.”可知，写信在她们的友谊中扮演着最重要的角色，因此可以推断，她们认为没有什么能取代手写的信件。故选D项。
44.考查动词词义辨析。句意：Stretton诚实地承认道：“现在，我们确实倾向于寄明信片，而不是写长信，因为我们现在发电子邮件。” A. pretend假装；B. tend倾向于；C. refuse拒绝；D. fail失败。根据下文“rather than write long letters because we email now”可知，因为她们用电子邮件发长信，所以在线下倾向于寄明信片。故选B项。
45.考查动词词义辨析。句意：Stretton诚实地承认道：“现在，我们确实倾向于寄明信片，而不是写长信，因为我们现在发电子邮件。” A. apologized道歉；B. asked询问；C. admitted承认；D. escaped逃离。空后的“honestly”说明Stretton承认她们因为用电子邮件发长信而倾向于寄明信片这个事实。故选C项。
46.考查名词词义辨析。句意：两位女士的故事证明对于真正的友谊来说，距离从来不会是问题。A. distance距离；B. quality质量；C. knowledge知识；D. profession专业。根据下文“nothing when it comes to true friendship.”和全篇来看，两位女士虽然相隔很远，但是她们几十年来用书信保持着彼此的友谊，并且友情没有因为距离受到任何影响，所以距离不会妨碍真正的友谊。故选A项。
2
One winter nine years ago, I volunteered at a homeless shelter in Los Angeles, 47 meals for people. There I met Albert, who said he liked my 48 . “Want to see mine?” he asked, lifting his 49 .He was bare foot. He said he had been hoping to get a pair but had never made it. I felt a 50 feeling in my stomach.
The next day, 51 I went to buy socks- about $10 52 . That next morning, I 53 my alarm for 5 a. m. and drove to the local park, a common destination for 54 people.
It was still 55 out. I took out a bag of socks and 56 a group of men, standing around a tree , 57 with cold. When I handed each of them a pair of socks, they looked confused at first, 58 my motives (动机), but took them.
An hour later, I 59 all the socks. Most people were sleeping. I felt like Santa. When they 60 , they would find a very meaningful 61 .
Every week I'll hand out many socks. If I'm away for 62 a week, I will bring socks with me and hand them out to the homeless in other states and countries.
In the past years, this has become my 63 . It's addictive, I suppose, and it's incredibly satisfying to help make some people's 64 a little bit easier. Part of me hopes to see Albert out there. 65 , I don't, I'd like to think one of the pairs will 66 him.
47.A.preparing B.giving C.donating D.buying
48.A.pants B.meals C.socks D.help
49.A.1eg B.arm C.hand D.head
50.A.surprising B.sinking C.comforting D.frightening
51.A.finally B.in addition C.however D.after work
52.A.money B.worth C.value D.worthy
53.A.made B.placed C.set D.fixed
54.A.merciless B.sleepless C.jobless D.homeless
55.A.dark B.rainy C.quiet D.windy
56.A.looked in B.shouted at C.headed for D.waved at
57.A.trembling B.clapping C.jumping D.sleeping
58.A.proving B.affecting C.demanding D.questioning
59.A.took off B.took out C.gave off D.gave out
60.A.sat up B.woke up C.rose up D.set up
61.A.meat B.present C.act D.kindness
62.A.less than B.other than C.more than D.rather than
63.A.habit B.task C.pastime D.entertainment
64.A.winter B.lives C.families D.difficulties
65.A.Unless B.Until C.Even if D.As if
66.A.suit B.fit C.match D.find

【答案】47.A 48.C 49.A 50.B 51.D 52.B 53.C 54.D 55.A 56.C 57.A 58.D 59.D 60.B
61.B 62.C 63.A 64.B 65.C 66.D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者坚持给无家可归的人捐赠袜子的善举。
47.本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：九年前的一个冬天，我在洛杉矶的一个无家可归者收容所做志愿者，为人们准备饭菜。A. preparing准备；B. giving给予；C. donating捐赠；D. buying购买。根据前文“I volunteered at a homeless shelter“和后文“meals for people”可知，作者作为志愿者，为无家可归的人“准备”饭餐。故选A。
48.本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：在那里我遇到了Albert，他说他喜欢我的袜子。A. pants裤子；B. meals饭餐；C. socks短袜；D. help帮助。根据后文“He was bare foot. He said he had been hoping to get a pair but had never made it.”可知，他光着脚，说他一直希望得到一双但没能得到，所以此处指的是“袜子”。故选C。
49.本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：“想看看我的吗?”他抬起一条腿问道。A. 1eg腿；B. arm胳膊；C. hand手；D. head头。根据后文“He was bare foot.”可知，他抬起了一条腿，才更容易显露他的赤脚。故选A。
50.本题考查语境判断之感情色彩。句意：我感到心窝里一沉。A. surprising令人惊讶的；B. sinking下沉的；C. comforting令人宽慰的；D. frightening可怕的。根据前文“He was bare foot. He said he had been hoping to get a pair but had never made it.”可知，作者看到和听到后，心情沉重，所以说“心窝一沉”。故选B。
51.本题考查语境判断之逻辑副词。句意：第二天下班后，我去买袜子——大约值10美元。A. finally最后；B. in addition另外；C. however然而；D. after work下班后。根据后文That next morning, I____7____my alarm for 5 a. m. and drove to the local park, a common destination for____8____people. 可知，后一天的早晨作者要用这些袜子，从而推断是作者下班后去买。故选D。
52.本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：第二天下班后，我去买袜子——大约值10美元。A. money金钱；B. worth价值；C. value（商品）价值；D. worthy值得的。根据“I went to buy socks- about $10”可知，我去买袜子——大约值10美元。worth与具体金额连用（用在金额后面），表示“价值多少钱”，是worth的习惯用法，符合句意。故选B。
53.本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：第二天（后一天的）早上，我把闹钟定在早上5点，开车去当地的公园，一个无家可归的人常去的地方。A. made制造；B. placed放置；C. set设置；D. fixed安装，修理。根据后文“my alarm for 5 a. m.可知，作者设置闹钟铃声。故选C。
54.本题考查语境判断之原词复现。句意：第二天早上，我把闹钟定在早上5点，开车去当地的公园，一个无家可归的人常去的地方。A. merciless无情的；B. sleepless失眠的；C. jobless失业的；D. homeless无家可归的。根据前文“One winter nine years ago, I volunteered at a homeless shelter in Los Angeles以及后文I will bring socks with me and hand them out to the homeless in other states and countries. ”可知，作者要帮助无家可归的人，所以去一个无家可归的人常去的地方。故选D。
55.本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：外面还很黑。A. dark黑的；B. rainy有雨的；C. quiet安静的；D. windy有风的。根据上文“That next morning, I____7____my alarm for 5 a. m.”可知，早晨5点钟，外面天还黑。故选A。
56.本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：我拿出一袋袜子，向一群男人走去，他们站在一棵树旁，冷得直发抖。A. looked in往里看；B. shouted at朝……喊叫；C. headed for朝……进发，向……走；D. waved at向……挥手。作者要帮助无家可归的人，所以拿着一袋袜子朝那些无家可归的人走去。故选C。
57.本题考查语境判断之感情色彩（动词）。句意：我拿出一袋袜子，向一群男人走去，他们站在一棵树旁，冷得直发抖。A. trembling颤抖；B. clapping鼓掌；C. jumping跳跃；D. sleeping睡觉。根据空格后“with cold”，可知，他们冷得发抖。故选A。
58.本题考查语境判断之感情色彩（动词）。句意：当我递给他们每人一双袜子时，他们起初看起来很困惑，怀疑我的动机，但还是把袜子拿走了。A. proving证明；B. affecting影响；C. demanding要求；D. questioning提问，质疑。根据前文“they looked confused at first”可知，他们很疑惑，所以是怀疑作者的动机。故选D。
59.本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：一小时后，我把袜子都发了出去。大多数人都在睡觉。A. took off脱下；B. took out拿出；C. gave off散发；D. gave out发出，分发。根据前文“When I handed each of them a pair of socks, they looked confused at first,_____12_____ my motives (动机), but took them.”以及后文“Every week I'll hand out many socks”可知，作者把袜子都分发出去了。故选D。
60.本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：我觉得自己像圣诞老人。当他们醒来的时候，他们会发现一个非常有意义的礼物。A. sat up坐起来；B. woke up醒来；C. rose up升起，站起来；D. set up创立，建立。根据前文Most people were sleeping. I felt like Santa.可知，此处指当他们“醒来”时。故选B。
61.本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：我觉得自己像圣诞老人。当他们醒来的时候，他们会发现一个非常有意义的礼物。A. meat肉；B. present礼物；C. act行为；D. kindness善良。根据前文When I handed each of them a pair of socks,等信息可知，作者送给无家可归的人袜子，再根据前文I felt like Santa.可知，作者送出的袜子是非常有意义的“礼物”。故选B。
62.本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：如果我离开一周以上，我会带着袜子分发给其他州和国家的无家可归者。 A. less than小于；B. other than除……以外；C. more than大于；D. rather than而不。根据前文“Every week I'll hand out many socks.”以及后文“I will bring socks with me and hand them out to the homeless in other states and countries.”可知，作者每周都会发袜子，如果超过了一周没有去，那么他是去了其他更远的地方。因为他有可能去了其他更远的地方，所以这里指离开超过一周。故选C。
63.本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：在过去的几年里，这已经成为了我的习惯。A. habit习惯；B. task任务；C. pastime消遣；D. entertainment娱乐。根据前文“Every week I'll hand out many socks.”以及“In the past years”可知，作者每周都做，并坚持多年，所以说已经成为习惯。故选A。
64.本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：我想，它令人上瘾，帮助一些人的生活更容易一点会令人满足。A. winter冬天；B. lives生活，生命；C. families家庭；D. difficulties困难。作者给无家可归的人分发袜子，袜子是日常生活用品，根据前文“it's incredibly satisfying to help”以及后文“a little bit easier”可知，作者指的是，他的帮助会使一些人（指无家可归的人）的生活更容易些。故选B。
65.本题考查语境判断逻辑连词。句意：即使我不能赠给他袜子，我也希望他能找到属于自己的袜子。A. Unless除非；B. Until直到；C. Even if尽管，既使；D. As if好像。空格后文中“I don't”和“I'd like to think one of the pairs will____20____him.”语义是让步转折关系，所以应用Even if “尽管，既使”。故选C。
66.本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：即使我不能赠给他袜子，我也希望他能找到属于自己的袜子。A. suit（服装、颜色等）合适；B. fit（大小、形状等）合适；C. match匹配；D. find发现，找到。根据前文Part of me hopes to see Albert out there.可知，作者希望能看到Albert，（因为九年前Albert曾经光着脚，想要一双袜子，）能赠给他一双袜子，所以说，作者也希望他能找到属于自己的袜子。故选D。