统考版2021高考英语二轮专题复习专题能力提升练十七主旨大意题_标题归纳类含解析（新人教版）

这是一份统考版2021高考英语二轮专题复习专题能力提升练十七主旨大意题_标题归纳类含解析（新人教版），共5页。

[2020·潍坊市高考模拟]Mm and I were putting the finishing tuches t dinner, and my little niece Jessica came in t set the table. Instead f ging t the dish cabinet, she went t the pantry where there was a stack f ld, mismatched dinner plates n the bttm shelf.
When she had set all six plates, she std back and sighed, “Oh, Grandma, yur plates are s beautiful. Ours are all alike！” We had a gd laugh abut her inncent remark, but as I think back t all thse years ag, I believe she was right. Thse plates were beautiful.
Mm wrked fr the lcal Cuncil n Aging as a husekeeper. She did many f the little things that allwed elderly peple t stay in­their wn hmes. Mst f her clients gt Meals n Wheels, a service in the 1970s. They received a ht lunch and a cld snack t have later in the evening. This is really nt very much fd. Every evening Mm wuld make t­g meals n these mismatched plates cvered with aluminum fil, and then deliver them t the peple wh she knew didn't get enugh t eat.
It was abut ten years befre micrwave vens became cmmn, s it was imprtant that the fd be n a plate that culd be reheated in a regular ven. Instead f a cld sandwich and macarni salad, Mm's clients dined n Beef Manhattans, pan­fried chicken r meatlaf, alng with veggies and a piece f pie r cake. Mm and Dad did this even after Mm left her jb, and Mm cntinued after Dad's death until all her frmer clients had either passed away r mved ut.
When I was cleaning ut Mm's huse after her death, I kept ne as a suvenir(纪念品). That plate is a sweet reminder f the lessns f genersity and caring fr ne's neighbrs that were mdeled fr me by my parents.
1．Why did the authr think thse plates beautiful?
A．They were nt all alike.
B．They were little Jessica's pride.
C．They were cllected frm different places.
D．They were symbls f the parents' kindness.
2．What did the authr's mther d t earn a living in the 1970s?
A．Be a husewife. B．Run Meals n Wheels.
C．Deliver fd t huses. D．D husewrk fr the ld.
3．Why did the authr's mther make t­g meals?
A．It was her jb.
B．She was gd at cking.
C．She wanted t help beynd her duty.
D．Her family didn't have enugh t eat.
4．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Plates f Sympathy B．A Precius Suvenir
C．Services fr the Senir D．A Kind­hearted Mther
B
[2020·济南市高三针对性练习]We're s attached t plastic, but we're careless cnsumers. Waste plastic is entering ur ecsystems and fd chains with untld cnsequences. Cleaning up ur plluted wrld f plastic may seem a nble, but thankless task. Hwever, sme peple are seeing ecnmic pprtunity in the missin.
Plastic Bank, a scial enterprise frm Canada, is mnetizing plastic recycling while empwering thse peple mst affected by the waste. It wrks t prevent waste plastic frm entering ceans by encuraging peple in develping cuntries t cllect plastic frm their cmmunities in exchange fr cash, fd, clean water r schl tuitin fr their children. After cllectin, plastic is weighed, srted, chipped, melted int balls and sld n as “raw material” t be made int everything frm bttles fr cleaning prducts t clthing.
“I saw large quantities; I saw an pprtunity，” CEO David Katz tld the audience at the Sustainable Brands Oceans Cnference in Prt, Prtugal n Nvember 14. “We reveal the value in this material，” he added.
Plastic Bank was funded in 2013 and launched the grund peratins in 2014 in Haiti, ne f the prest cuntries in the Western Hemisphere, where clse t 60% f the ppulatin live under the pverty line. As a result f pr waste dispsal and recycling infrastructure (基础设施) ，plastic waste enters rivers r is burned and pses the health threats t the lcal residents.
The cmpany says it has ver 2,000 cllectrs wrking in the cuntry, with 63% f its full­time cllectrs n average abve the pverty line thanks t the incme they make frm the prject. Thrugh its app­based payment system, many cllectrs nw have bank accunts fr the first time, and are able t ultimately escape ultra­pverty.
“Nthing we're ding is against the laws f physics，” said Katz. “All the technlgy exists fr us t slve prblems and save the wrld. It's nly creative thught.”
5．What des Plastic Bank aim t d?
A．Test ut creative ideas.
B．Discver new material.
C．Prmte plastic recycling.
D．Stp peple using plastic.
6．Which f the fllwing shws the prcess f mnetizing in Paragraph 2?
A．Purchasing—cllecting—recycling.
B．Exchanging—cllecting—purchasing.
C．Cllecting—exchanging—reprducing.
D．Persuading—cnsuming—reprducing.
7．What d the numbers in Paragraph 5 indicate?
A．Haiti attaches great imprtance t recycling.
B．Many Haitians benefit greatly frm the prject.
C．Cllecting is an efficient way t recycle waste.
D．The prject has slved unemplyment in Haiti.
8. What may be the best title fr the text?
A．Cmpanies Stand t Ban Plastic Cnsumptin
B．Technlgy Finds Its Way t Kick ff Pverty
C．David Katz Speaks at the Cnference in Prt
D．Plastic Bank is Fighting Against Plastic Waste
C
[2020·兰州高三诊断考试]Mre than 11,000 scientists are warning that the Earth, in their wrds, “clearly and unequivcally (明确地) faces a climate emergency”. The scientists represent several fields f study and cme frm 150 cuntries arund the wrld. They apprved a reprt that appeared in the publicatin BiScience earlier this mnth. It warns that the wrld wuld face “untld human suffering” if it des nt make deep and lasting shifts in human activities that influence climate change. Three leaders f the study are frm the United States. They wrked n the study with scientists frm universities in Suth Africa and Australia. This is the first time a large grup f scientists have jintly (共同地) used the wrd “emergency” when talking abut climate change.
“Despite 40 years f glbal climate negtiatins. . . we have generally cnducted business as usual and have largely failed t address this wrrying situatin，” the study said. “Climate change has arrived and is accelerating faster than many scientists expected.”
The reprt identified five areas that the wrld needs t deal with immediately.The scientists appealed t natins t use energy mre efficiently and cut their use f fssil fuels. They suggested that lawmakers apprve taxes n the burning f carbn­based fuels, such as cal, il and natural gas. The reprt urges peple t mve tward mre f a plant­based diet. Other areas f cncern include preventing the destructin f frests and permanent lss f sme plant and animal species. The reprt nted that it will mst likely take strng actin by the public t mve pliticians t apprve lasting plicy changes.
The scientists added, “We believe that the prspects(前景) will be greatest if decisin­makers and all f humanity quickly respnd t this warning and declaratin f a climate emergency, and act t supprt life n planet Earth, ur nly hme.”
9．What will happen t peple if they dn't stp the activities that influence the climate change?
A．They will have n places t live in.
B．They will be fined and lse their jbs.
C．They will becme bred with their life.
D．They will g thrugh a lt f sufferings.
10．What have peple dne when facing the climate change in the past 40 years?
A．They have ignred the scientists' warning.
B．They have slved the prblem successfully.
C．They have talked t much but dne t little.
D．They have realized the prblem isn't that serius.
11．In which paragraph can we find the advice frm the scientists abut ways t cntrl the climate change?
A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2.
C．Paragraph 3. D．Paragraph 4.
12．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Scientists' Hard Wrk f Saving the Earth
B．The Imprtant Reasns fr Climate Change
C．The Impact f Human Activities n Climate
D．Scientists' Warning f a Climate Emergency
专题能力提升练十七 主旨大意题
——标题归纳类A
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与社会——回忆——母亲与盘子的故事
[文章大意] 这是一篇记叙文。作者由家中陈旧的盘子回忆到母亲曾经的无私助人。这些盘子对作者来说有特殊的意义，它们提醒作者要慷慨、关爱邻居。
1．答案与解析：D 考查推理判断。第二段提到“but as I think back t all thse years ag，I believe she was right. Thse plates were beautiful”，最后一段中的“That plate is a sweet reminder f the lessns f genersity and caring fr ne's neighbrs that were mdeled fr me by my parents”说明了盘子蕴含的特殊意义，由此可知，作者认为那些盘子很漂亮是因为它们是父母慷慨和善良的象征。
2．答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。本题问的是在二十世纪七十年代作者的母亲是如何谋生的。根据第三段中的“Mm a husekeeper.She did many f the little things that allwed elderly peple t stay in their wn hmes”可知，作者的母亲是管家，她是靠为老年人做家务来谋生的，故选D项。
3．答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。本题问的是作者的母亲为什么做外带食物。根据第三段中的“They received a ht lunch... Every evening Mm wuld make t­g meals n these mismatched plates cvered with aluminum fil, and then deliver them t the peple wh she knew didn't get enugh t eat”和最后一段中的“genersity and caring fr ne's neighbrs”可知，母亲做外带食物并送去给那些吃不饱的人，虽然这超出了她本身的职责范围，但她想帮助他们，故选C项。
4．答案与解析：A 考查标题判断。本文由作者的侄女夸赞作者母亲的盘子漂亮开始叙述这些盘子的用途及背后的故事。虽然这些盘子很陈旧、很不匹配，但作者认为它们很漂亮，这是作者赋予它们的特殊意义，因为盘子代表着父母对邻居的慷慨和关心，为后辈作出了榜样。盘子贯穿文章始终，故A项作文章标题最佳。
B
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然——环境保护——“塑料银行”
[文章大意] 废塑料正在进入人类的生态系统和食物链，并带来难以形容的后果。加拿大的一家社会企业“塑料银行”将塑料的回收利用货币化，使一些发展中国家的生活在贫困线以下的人通过收集塑料最终能摆脱极度贫困。
5．答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第二段内容可知，塑料银行致力于通过鼓励发展中国家的人们从其社区收集塑料以换取现金、食物、干净的水或孩子的学费的方式防止废塑料进入海洋，被收集的塑料经过加工后将作为原料转售，被制成各种产品。由此可知，塑料银行的目的是促进塑料的回收利用。故选C。
6．答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第二段的第二、三句可知，人们先收集塑料，然后用塑料换取现金、食物、干净的水或孩子的学费。最后，塑料被制成从清洁产品的瓶子到衣服等各种产品。故选C。
7．答案与解析：B 考查推理判断。根据第五段列出的数字可知，在海地有两千多塑料收集者，平均63%的全职塑料收集者因为从这一项目中获得收入而处于贫困线以上。由此可推知，这两个数字表明很多海地人从该项目中受益很大，故选B。
8．答案与解析：D 考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了加拿大的一家社会企业“塑料银行”将塑料的回收利用货币化，使一些发展中国家的生活在贫困线以下的人通过收集塑料最终能摆脱极度贫困。故D项符合本文主题。A项意为“公司可能会禁止塑料消费”。
C
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然——环境保护——科学家呼吁人们要正视地球面临的气候危机
[文章大意] 文章讲述了针对当前气候变化的一份报告，科学家们认为当前地球气候已经明显处于一个紧急状态，人们需要马上行动起来，以保护地球以及减少对人类的负面影响。
9．答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。根据第一段第四句“It warns that the wrld wuld face‘untld human suffering’if it des nt make deep and lasting shifts in human activities that influence climate change”可知，如果人们不停止引起气候变化的活动，那么人们将遭受更多的痛苦或灾难，故选D项。
10．答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Despite 40 years f glbal climate negtiatins... we have generally cnducted business as usual and have largely failed t address this wrrying situatin”可知，在过去的40年里，人们围绕气候变化展开了许多对话，但最终一切照常，人们并没有解决令人担忧的气候变化问题，故选C项。
11．答案与解析：C 考查段落大意。通读第三段内容可知，第三段介绍了科学家们提出的有关控制气候变化的方法，故选C项。
12．答案与解析：D 考查主旨大意。本文介绍了科学家的一份报告，科学家警告人们，地球的气候变化已经形成危机，人们需要立刻行动起来，应对气候变化。由此可知，D项的表述符合本文主题，故选D项。