2021届高考英语二轮复习专项解密15阅读理解之词义猜测题含解析

这是一份2021届高考英语二轮复习专项解密15阅读理解之词义猜测题含解析，共22页。


Part 1解密高考
【考点综述】
词义猜测是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。
【备考建议】
根据高考对词义猜测题的要求，考生应该注意运用释义法、对比法、相似法、语境推断法及构词推断法解答此类题，并在复习中应该从以下几方面做起：
1.根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词，在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。
2.猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，注意通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词 义的具体内容。
3.代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用＂逻辑关系梳理法＂、＂递向寻踪法＂理清人物及事物 之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
4.注意其【设问形式】
1. The underlined wrd ＂…＂ in the secnd(third…) paragraph refers t(means) ______.
2. By saying that ＂…＂ in the first(secnd…) paragraph, the authr means that ______.
3. In paragraph …, ＂…＂ can be replaced by ＂______＂.
4. The meaning f ＂…＂ in paragraph… is related t ______.
5. Which f the fllwing has the clsest meaning t…(paragraph…)?
6. The underlined sentence in the … paragraph prbably means that _____.
Part 2对点解密
【考点精准说】1----→相似法
利用同义词、近义词（词组）或相似的结构猜测词义。在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或r，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或r连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。
【真题对点析】1
（2020·浙江高考真题） traffic signals alng Factria Bulevard in Bellevue, Washingtn, generally dn't flash the same length f green twice in a rw, especially at rush hur. At 9:30am, the full red/yellw/green signal cycle might be 140 secnds. By 9:33am, a burst f additinal traffic might push it t 145 secnds. Less traffic at 9:37am culd push it dwn t 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing f the signals changes.
That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-grwing city just east f Seattle, uses a system that is gaining ppularity arund the US: intersectin(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time t traffic cnditins. These lights, knwn as adaptive signals, have led t significant declines in bth the truble and cst f travels between wrk and
17．What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Increased length f green lights.B．Shrtened traffic signal cycle.
C．Flexible timing f traffic signals.D．Smth traffic flw n the rad.
【答案】C
指代猜测题。That位于第二段句首，应是指代第一段的内容。根据第一段内容尤其是第一段最后一句“Just like the traffic itself, the timing f the signals changes.(就像交通本身一样，信号灯的时间也会变化)”可知，第一段主要讲述的是信号灯的时间会灵活变化；“That is by design.”意为“那是有意为之”，由此可推知，That指代第一段中“信号灯的灵活时间”。故选C项。
【对点模拟练】1
…Fermat’s Last Therem（定理）, first put frward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the therem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French wman scientists wh made a majr advance in wrking ut the prblem, and wh had t dress like a man in rder t be able t study at the Ecle Plytechnique. …
65. Which f the fllwing best explains the meaning f the wrd “baffle” as it is used in the text?
A. T encurage peple t raise questins.
B. T cause difficulty in understanding.
C. T prvide a persn with an explanatin.
D. T limit peple’s imaginatin.
【答案】B
【解析】由句中不难看出Fermat的定理使得最具有数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁（beat），并且在句中beaten和baffled处于同等的并列关系，根据这一信息可以推出baffle表示“使困惑、难倒、难以理解”的意思。
【考点精准说】2--→对比法
利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词ht and cld, perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。
表示对比的信号词有yet, but, while, thugh, hwever, therwise, n the ne the ther hand, fr ne anther thing, instead f等。
【真题对点析】2
（2020·全国高考真题）Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake. And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins(份), it's the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.
14．What des the underlined wrd “beanples” in paragraph 1 refer t?
A．Big eaters.B．Overweight persns.
C．Picky eaters.D．Tall thin persns.
【答案】D
【分析】词义猜测题。根据前半句“And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the beanples with big appetites。由cntrary t可推断出，画线词和heavier peple（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier peple正好相反。故选D。
【对点模拟练】2
…A child’s birthday party desn’t have t be a hassle ; it can be a basket f fun, accrding t Beth Anacleri, an Evastn mther f tw, ages 4 and 18 mnths. …
74. What des the underlined wrd “hassle” prbably mean?
A. A party designed by specialists.
B. A plan requiring careful thught.
C. A situatin causing difficulty r truble.
D. A demand made by guests.
【答案】C
【解析】根据前句的否定desn’t与后句的肯定can be这一对比关系，可以判断出，为了庆祝孩子的生日，又不至于麻烦，可以买一个生日开心包。Hassle的意思应该与fun相反，而与difficulty, truble相近。答案为C。
【考点精准说】3----→释义法
有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。
常见的词有：mean, that is, in ther wrds, fr example, fr instance, such as...
【真题对点析】3
（2020·江苏高考真题） Fr thse wh can stmach it, wrking ut befre breakfast may be mre beneficial fr health than eating first, accrding t a study f meal timing and physical activity.
Athletes and scientists have lng knwn that meal timing affects perfrmance. Hwever, far less has been knwn abut hw meal timing and exercise might affect general
9．The underlined expressin “stmach it” in Paragraph 1 mst prbably means “______”.
A．digest the meal easilyB．manage withut breakfast
C．decide wisely what t eatD．eat whatever is ffered
【答案】B
词句猜测题。根据下文wrking ut befre breakfast may be mre beneficial fr health than eating first可知，早餐前锻炼可能比先吃饭再锻炼对健康更有益，因此推断这里说的是那些不吃早饭先锻炼的人，因此推断划线词与B项“不吃早饭能应付”意思相近。故选B。
【对点模拟练】3
“Organic prduce is always better, ” Gld said. “The fd is free f pesticides (农药), and yu are generally supprting family farms instead f large farms. And mre ften than nt it is lcally (本地)grwn and seasnal, s it is mre tasty.” Gld is ne f a grwing number f shppers buying int the rganic trend, and supermarkets acrss Britain are cunting n mre like him as they grw their rganic fd business.
62. What is the meaning f “the rganic trend” as the wrds are used in the text?
A. Grwing interest in rganic fd.
B. Better quality f rganic fd.
C. Rising market fr rganic fd.
D. Higher prices f rganic fd.
【答案】A
【解析】由Gld is ne f a grwing number f shppers buying smething可以推断出，越来越多的顾客像Gld一样开始购买有机食物，其实也就是对这类食物产生了越来越浓厚的兴趣。答案为A。
【考点精准说】4---→语境推断法
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。
1．根据对比关系猜测词义
在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike, nt, but, hwever, despite, in spite f, in cntrast 等。表示对比关系的句子结构：while 引导的并列句。
例如：A child’s birthday party desn’t have t be a hassle; it can be a basket f fun.
What des the underlined wrd ＂hassle＂ (paragraph 1) prbably mean?
A. a party designed by specialists
B. a plan requiring careful thught
C. a situatin causing difficulty r truble
D. a demand made by guests
根据对比关系，这里hassle 和 a basket f fun 是相反的意义，很容易判断理解题的答案为C。
2．根据比较关系猜测词义
同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly, like, just as, als, as well as 等。
例如：Green lves t talk, and his brthers are similarly lquacius.
该句中副词similarly表明短语lves t talk和lquacius 之间的比较关系，其意义相近。由此我们可推断出lquacius的意思是＂健谈的＂。
3．根据因果关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。
例如：I feel that since yu are my superir , it wuld be presumptuus f me t tell yu what t d .
The wrd ＂presumptuus＂ in the middle f the passage is clsest in meaning t ＂__________ ＂.
A．full f respect
B．t cnfident and rude
C．lacking in experience
D．t shy and quiet
根据since 引导的原因状语从句的内容（＂既然你是我的上司＂），我们可以推断这里presumptuus的意思是：＂冒失的，放肆的＂意思，后半句的意思是：我告诉你怎么做会是一种放肆/冒失的行为。对应的理解题答案为：B。
Pruning is imprtant because it encurages the grwth f tender shts, r yung leaves.
根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以判断Pruning的意思是：＂修剪（树枝等）＂的意思。
4．根据同义、近义、并列、替代、说明等关系猜测词义
在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表示的关系推断生词词义。
例如：William Shakespeare said. ＂The web f ur life is f a mingled yarn（纱线），gd and ill tgether.＂
The underlined wrd ＂mingled＂ in the last paragraph mst prbably means .
A．simple B．mixed C．sad D．happy
句中gd and ill tgether 更具体地说明了 a mingled yarn的意义，据此我们不难推测mingled的意思是：＂混合的，交织的＂，答案是：B。
Is it pssible t beat high bld pressure withut drugs ? The answer is ＂yes＂, accrding t the researchers at Jhns Hpkins and three ther medical centers.
根据and three ther medical centers 这种并列关系，我们很容易推断出：Jhns Hpkins 是一家医疗中心。
【真题对点析】4
（2019·江苏卷）In the 1960s，while studying the vlcanic histry f Yellwstne Natinal Park，Bb Christiansen became puzzled abut smething that，ddly，had nt trubled anyne befre:he culdn't find the park's vlcan. It had been knwn fr a lng time that Yellwstne was vlcanic in nature — that's what accunted fr all its ht springs and ther steamy features. But Christiansen culdn't find the Yellwstne vlcan anywhere.
Mst f us，when we talk abut vlcanes，think f the classic cne(圆锥体)shapes f a Fuji r Kilimanjar，which are created when erupting magma(岩浆)piles up. These can frm remarkably quickly. In 1943，a Mexican farmer was surprised t see smke rising frm a small part f his land. In ne week he was the cnfused wner f a cne five hundred feet high. Within tw years it had tpped ut at almst furteen hundred feet and was mre than half a mile acrss. Altgether there are sme ten thusand f these vlcanes n Earth，all but a few hundred f them extinct. There is，hwever，a secnd les knwn type f vlcan that desn't invlve muntain building. These are vlcanes s explsive that they burst pen in a single big crack，leaving behind a vast hle，the caldera. Yellwstne bviusly was f this secnd type，but Christiansen culdn't find the caldera anywhere.
Just at this time NASA decided t test sme new high-altitude cameras by taking phtgraphs f Yellwstne. A thughtful fficial passed n sme f the cpies t the park authrities n the assumptin that they might make a nice blw-up fr ne f the visitrs' centers. As sn as Christiansen saw the phts，he realized why he had failed t spt the caldera; almst the whle park-2.2 millin acres—was caldera. The explsin had left a hle mre than frty miles acrss—much t huge t be seen frm anywhere at grund level. At sme time in the past Yellwstne must have blwn up with a vilence far beynd the scale f anything knwn t humans.
60. What des the underlined wrd "blw-up" in the last paragraph mst prbably mean？
A. Ht-air balln.B. Digital camera.
C. Big phtgraph.D. Bird's view.
【语篇解读】本文为说明文。讲述了二十世纪六十年代Bb Christiansen在研究黄石公园的火山历史时，奇怪地发现到处看不到火山的影子，原来，这儿的火山并不是像我们大部分人想象的那种圆锥体形状的高耸的样子，而是一个巨大的洞，这个洞太大了以至于从地面上的任何地方都看不见。
【答案】C
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句Just at this time NASA decided t test sme new high-altitude cameras by taking phtgraphs f Yellwstne. A thughtful fficial passed n sme f the cpies t the park authrities n the assumptin that they might make a nice blw-up fr ne f the visitrs’ centers.可知，美国国家航空和宇宙航行局为测试一些新的高海拔照相机而拍摄了黄石公园的照片。一位深思熟虑的官员把其中的一些照片副本转交给了公园管理部门，认为他们可能会将其放大以供一个游客中心展示。故可知，此处意为将照片放大，选C。
【对点模拟练】4
became stern with Pppy.“Yu’re flish, Pppy,” she said. “I have my pride,” Pppy answered. “False pride,” she hurled（斥责）back at him.
3. Which is clsest in meaning t the underlined wrd “stern” in paragraph 5?
A. patientB. angry
C. respectfulD. afraid.
【答案】B 【解析】词义猜测题。下文“Yu’re flish, Pppy,” she said. “I have my pride,” Pppy answered. “False pride,” she hurled（斥责）back at him.意思是“你真傻，Pppy”她说。“我有我的骄傲，” Pppy回答。“错误的骄傲，”她狠狠地回击他。由此可知She became stern with Pppy.意思是她对Pppy很生气。“stern”意思是生气的，A. patient有耐心的；B. angry生气的；C. respectful尊敬的；D. afraid.害怕的，故选B。
【考点精准说】4---→构词推断法
阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unfreseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fre, see , able；其中 see 是词根，fre是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unfreseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。
1．根据前缀猜测词义
例如：D yu have any strng pinin n c-educatinal r single-sex schls?
根据词根educatinal （教育的），结合前缀c-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出c-educatinal的意思是：＂男女同校教育的＂意思。
2．根据后缀猜测词义
例如：It's a quiet, cmfrtable htel verlking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncmmercialized Crnish fishing village n England's mst sutherly pint．
后缀 -ise/ize意思是＂使成为…；使…化＂，结合词根cmmercial（商业的），不难猜出 uncmmercialized 的意思是：＂未被商业化的＂。
3．根据复合词的各部分猜测词义
例如：Gd tl design is imprtant in the preventin f veruse injuries. Well-designed tls and equipment will require less frce t perate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand psitins.
Well-designed 或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由well （好，优秀）和design （设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是＂设计精巧的＂意思。
We live in a technlgical sciety where mst gds are mass-prduced by unskilled labr. Because f this, mst peple that craft (手艺) n lnger exists.
根据合成词中的mass（大量的）和prduce（生产），我们可以推测 mass-prduce的意思是：＂大批量生产；规模生产＂的意思。
【真题对点练】5
（2020·北京高考真题） Certain frms f AI are indeed becming ubiquitus. Fr example, algrithms (算法) carry ut huge vlumes f trading n ur financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing n city streets, and ur smartphnes are translating frm ne language int anther. These systems are smetimes faster and mre perceptive than we humans are. But s far that is nly true fr the specific tasks fr which the systems have been designed. That is smething that sme AI develpers are nw eager t change.
5．What des the underlined wrd “ubiquitus” in Paragraph I prbably mean?
A．Enrmus in quantity.B．Changeable daily.
C．Stable in quality.D．Present everywhere.
【答案】D
词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句后面的Fr example, algrithms (算法) carry ut huge vlumes f trading n ur financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing n city streets, and ur smartphnes are translating frm ne language int anther(例如，算法在我们的金融市场上进行大量交易，自动驾驶汽车出现在城市街道上，我们的智能手机正在从一种语言翻译成另一种语言)可知，人工智能在我们生活中用处十分广泛。由此推知，划线词所在句意为“某些形式的人工智能确实正在变得无处不在”，即划线词与D选项“Present everywhere.(在任何地方存在)”意思接近。故选D项。
【对点模拟练】5
…Baker cncludes that peple d nt have the ability t sense when they’re being stared at. If peple dubt the utcme f his tw experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see fr themselves.” …
70. The underlined wrd “utcme” in the last paragraph mst prbably means ________________.
A. value B. result
C. perfrmance D. cnnectin
【答案】B
【解析】运用“构词法”进行猜测。动词词组cme ut 的意义为“露出、出现、显露出”。再根据句子的语境，可猜测出其意义是：(实验的)结果。
Part 3强化集训
【真题模测】
Passage1
（2020·海南高考真题）The end f the schl year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence f 15 years, dealing with the varius kinds f "frbidden fruit" that cme ut f bk bags. Nw was the spring f the water pistl.
I decided t think up a methd f dealing with frbidden fruit.
"Please bring that pistl t me," I said. "I'm ging t put it in my Grandma's Bx."
"What's that?" they asked.
"It's a large wden chest full f tys fr my grandchildren," I replied,
"Yu dn't have grandchildren," smene said.
"I dn't nw." I replied. "But smeday I will. When I d, my bx will be full f wnderful things fr them."
My imaginary Grandma's Bx wrked like magic that spring, and later. Smetimes. students wuld ask me t describe all the things I had in it. Then I wuld try t remember the different pssessins I suppsedly had taken away—since I seldm actually kept them. Usually the ffender wuld appear at the end f the day, and I wuld return the belnging.
The-years went by, and my first grandchild Grdn was brn. I shared my jy with that year's class. Then smene said, "Nw yu can use yur Grandma's Bx." Frm then n instead f cming t ask their pssessins back, the students wuld say, "That's kay. Put it in yur Grandma's Bx fr Grdn."
I lved talking abut the imaginary bx, nt nly with my students but als with my wn children. They enjyed hearing abut all the frbidden fruit I had cllected. Then ne Christmas I received a surprise gift—a large, beautifully made wden chest. My sn Bruce had made my Grandma's Bx a reality.
1．What was the authr's purpse in having the cnversatin with the students?
A．T cllect the water pistl.B．T talk abut her grandchildren.
C．T recmmend sme tys.D．T explain her teaching methd.
2．What d the underlined wrds "the ffender" in paragraph 8 refer t?
A．The student's parent.B．The maker f the Grandma's Bx.
C．The authr's grandchild.D．The wner f the frbidden fruit.
3．What did the students d after they learned abut the birth f Grdn?
A．They went t play with the baby.B．They asked t see the Grandma's Bx.
C．They made a present fr Grdn.D．They stpped asking their tys back.
4．What can we infer abut the authr?
A．She enjys telling jkes.B．She is a strict and smart teacher.
C．She lves ding wdwrk.D．She is a respnsible grandmther
【答案】
1．A2．D3．D4．B
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲叙了作者为收集学生们带到学校的玩具，想出了一个“奶奶的盒子”的办法。到后来，作者的第一个孙子出生，学生们也不再来要求归还他们的财物了，作者也在某一年圣诞节收到了儿子制作的大木箱，将“奶奶的盒子”变成了现实。
1．
细节理解题。根据第一段中“I was back teaching after an absence f 15 years, dealing with the varius kinds f "frbidden fruit" that cme ut f bk bags. Nw was the spring f the water pistl.(在缺席了15年之后，我又回到了教书的地方，处理从书包里掏出的各种各样的“禁果”。现在流行的是水枪)”以及第三段中“‘Please bring that pistl t me,’ I said. ‘I'm ging t put it in my Grandma's Bx.’(“请把那支水枪给我，”我说。“我要把它放在我‘奶奶的盒子’里。”)”由此可知，作者与学生进行对话的目的是收集水枪。故选A。
2．
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“I wuld return the belnging”结合上文提到作者把学生带到学校的玩具称为“禁果”，且作者的“盒子”里装的就是“禁果”，所以作者等到这些禁果的拥有者在一天结束的时候出现，然后就会归还他们的物品。由此可知，划线词意思为“禁果的拥有者”。故选D。
3．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Frm then n instead f cming t ask their pssessins back, the students wuld say, ‘That's kay. Put it in yur Grandma's Bx fr Grdn.’(从那时起，学生们不再来要求归还他们的财物，而是说：“没关系。把它放在你“奶奶给戈登的盒子”里)”由此可知，学生们在得知了戈登的出生后，他们不再索要玩具。故选D。
4．
推理判断题。根据文章中作者要收集学生们从书包里掏出的各种各样的“禁果”，说明作者对待学生很严格；同时作者又想出了“奶奶的盒子”这个的方法来收集学生们的玩具，说明作者很聪明，由此可推知，作者是一个严格而聪明的老师。故选B。
Passage2
（2019﹒新课标全国卷III，B）
Fr Western designers, China and its rich culture have lng been an inspiratin fr Western creative.
"It's n secret that China has always been a surce(来源)f inspiratin fr designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative fficer at A+E Netwrks, a glbal media cmpany and hme t sme f the biggest fashin(时尚)shws.
Earlier this year, the China Thrugh A Lking Glass exhibitin in New Yrk exhibited 140 pieces f China-inspired fashinable clthing alngside Chinese wrks f art, with the aim f explring the influence f Chinese aesthetics(美学)n Western fashin and hw China has fueled the fashinable imaginatin fr centuries. The exhibitin had recrd attendance, shwing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
"China is impssible t verlk," says Hill. "Chinese mdels are the faces f beauty and fashin campaigns that sell dreams t wmen all ver the wrld, which means Chinese wmen are nt just cnsumers f fashin — they are central t its mvement. "Of curse, nly are tday's tp Western designers being influenced by China-sme f the best designers f cntemprary fashin are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jasn Wu are taking n Galian, Albaz, Marc Jacbs-and beating them hands dwn in design and sales," adds Hil.
Fr Hill, it is impssible nt t talk abut China as the leading player when discussing fashin. "The mst famus designers are Chinese, s are the mdels, and s are the cnsumers," she says. "China is n lnger just anther market; in many senses it has becme the market. If yu talk abut fashin tday, yu are talking abut China-its influences, its directin, its breathtaking clthes, and hw yung designers and mdels are finally acknwledging that in many ways."
24. What can we learn abut the exhibitin in New Yrk?
A. It prmted the sales f artwrks.
B. It attracted a large number f visitrs.
C. It shwed ancient Chinese clthes.
D. It aimed t intrduce Chinese mdels.
25. What des Hill say abut Chinese wmen?
A. They are setting the fashin.
B. They start many fashin campaigns.
C. They admire super mdels.
D. They d business all ver the wrld.
26. What d the underlined wrds "taking n" in paragraph 4 mean?
A. learning frmB. lking dwn n
C. wrking withD. cmpeting against
27. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Yung Mdels Selling Dreams t the Wrld
B. A Chinese Art Exhibitin Held in New Yrk
C. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics
D. Chinese Culture Fueling Internatinal Fashin Trends
【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了中国文化对世界时尚届的影响，中国年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许多方面被认可。中国成了世界时尚的风向标。
24. B 【解析】细节理解题。答案定位在第三段The exhibitin had recrd attendance, shwing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.（此次展览吸引的参观者人数创下了记录，显示出人们对中国影响的浓厚兴趣。）由此可知，纽约的展览吸引了许多参观者，故选B。
25. A 【解析】细节理解题。答案定位在第四段Chinese mdels are the faces f beauty and fashin campaigns that sell dreams t wmen all ver the wrld, which means Chinese wmen are nt just cnsumers f fashin-they are central t its mvement . （中国模特是向全世界女性推销梦想的美和时尚活动的代言人，这意味着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者——她们是这场运动的核心。）由此可知，Hill说中国女性开创了新时尚，故选A。
26. D 【解析】词义猜测题。下文and beating them hands dwn in design and sales说并在设计和销售上击败他们。由此推断出上文Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jasn Wu are taking n Gallian, Albaz, Mare Jacbs的意思是Vera Wang、Alexander Wang和Jasn Wu正在与Gallian、Albaz和 Mare Jacbs竞争。taking n意思是“竞争”，故选D。
27. D 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段china and its culture have lng been an inspiratin fr western creatins.以及最后一段If yu talk abut fashin tday, yu are talking abut China - its influences , its directin, its breathtaking clthes, and hw yung designers and mdels are finally acknwledging that in many ways."（如果你今天谈论时尚，你谈论的是中国——它的影响，它的方向，它令人惊叹的服装，以及年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许多方面被认可。），结合全文内容，可知这篇文章最恰当的题目是“中国文化助力国际时尚潮流”，故选D。
Passage3
(2019·江苏卷，B)
In the 1960s，while studying the vlcanic histry f Yellwstne Natinal Park，Bb Christiansen became puzzled abut smething that，ddly，had nt trubled anyne befre, he culdn't find the park's vlcan. It had been knwn fr a lng time that Yellwstne was vlcanic in nature — that's what accunted fr all its ht springs and ther steamy features. But Christiansen culdn't find the Yellwstne vlcan anywhere.
Mst f us，when we talk abut vlcanes，think f the classic cne(圆锥体)shapes f a Fuji r Kilimanjar，which are created when erupting magma(岩浆)piles up. These can frm remarkably quickly. In 1943，a Mexican farmer was surprised t see smke rising frm a small part f his land. In ne week he was the cnfused wner f a cne five hundred feet high. Within tw years it had tpped ut at almst furteen hundred feet and was mre than half a mile acrss. Altgether there are sme ten thusand f these vlcanes n Earth，all but a few hundred f them extinct. There is，hwever，a secnd les knwn type f vlcan that desn't invlve muntain building. These are vlcanes s explsive that they burst pen in a single big crack，leaving behind a vast hle，the caldera. Yellwstne bviusly was f this secnd type，but Christiansen culdn't find the caldera anywhere.
Just at this time NASA decided t test sme new high-altitude cameras by taking phtgraphs f Yellwstne. A thughtful fficial passed n sme f the cpies t the park authrities n the assumptin that they might make a nice blw-up fr ne f the visitrs' centers. As sn as Christiansen saw the phts，he realized why he had failed t spt the caldera; almst the whle park-2.2 millin acres—was caldera. The explsin had left a hle mre than frty miles acrss—much t huge t be seen frm anywhere at grund level. At sme time in the past Yellwstne must have blwn up with a vilence far beynd the scale f anything knwn t humans.
58. What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellwstne？
A. Its cmplicated gegraphical features.
B. Its ever-lasting influence n turism.
C. The mysterius histry f the park.
D. The exact lcatin f the vlcan.
59. What des the secnd-paragraph mainly talk abut？
A. The shapes f vlcanes.
B. The impacts f vlcanes.
C. The activities f vlcanes.
D. The heights f vlcanes.
60. What des the underlined wrd "blw-up" in the last paragraph mst prbably mean？
A. Ht-air balln.B. Digital camera.
C. Big phtgraph.D. Bird's view.
【语篇解读】本文为说明文。讲述了二十世纪六十年代Bb Christiansen在研究黄石公园的火山历史时，奇怪地发现到处看不到火山的影子，原来，这儿的火山并不是像我们大部分人想象的那种圆锥体形状的高耸的样子，而是一个巨大的洞，这个洞太大了以至于从地面上的任何地方都看不见。
58. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句But Christiansen culdn’t find the Yellwstne vlcan anywhere.可知，他困惑的是到处看不到火山。故选D。
59. A 【解析】主旨大意题。本段讲述了两种形状的火山，一种是通常人们所理解的由火山岩浆堆积形成的圆锥体，还有一种极具爆发力的火山，它们会在一个大裂缝中爆裂，留下一个巨大的洞，故选A。
60. C 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句Just at this time NASA decided t test sme new high-altitude cameras by taking phtgraphs f Yellwstne. A thughtful fficial passed n sme f the cpies t the park authrities n the assumptin that they might make a nice blw-up fr ne f the visitrs’ centers.可知，美国国家航空和宇宙航行局为测试一些新的高海拔照相机而拍摄了黄石公园的照片。一位深思熟虑的官员把其中的一些照片副本转交给了公园管理部门，认为他们可能会将其放大以供一个游客中心展示。故可知，此处意为将照片放大，选C。
【新题模测】
Passage1
Massive pen nline curses (MOOCs) are making waves nwadays, and althugh it’s t sn t determine their final influence n the universities acrss the cuntry and the wrld, they are sparking ff a lively debate amng educatrs and students.
The first MOOC arrived n the scene back in 2011 when tw Stanfrd teachers ffered their artificial intelligence class nline fr free. Enrllment tpped 160,000, and the unexpected success f the experiment encuraged ther schls.
Supprters believe making quality educatinal instructin available t the public will prvide higher quality and lwer cst fr many, and might easily be the best instructinal mdel fr the future. MOOCs can be attended by thusands r even hundreds f thusands f students at a time. In fact, Sebastian Thrun, ne f the Stanfrd teachers wh started it all, sees a day in which as few as 10 universities meet the wrld’s higher educatin needs.
Where MOOCs may prvide quality instructin fr many, detractrs ften see that very fact as its biggest failing. MOOCs dn’t ffer any individualized training, and sme educatrs feel using it as a fr-credit standard in the future will leave sme students behind. A cmmn argument is that individualized, face-t-face teaching wrks best in many cases. The lively exchange f ideas can activate a classrm.
Sme find ther aspects f MOOCs trubling. In the first MOOCs, plagiarism ( 剽 窃 ) was a prblem and cmpletin rates n the whle were lw. This may have been because sme students were curius abut the frmat rather than fcused n the study.
Hw will MOOCs prgress in the future? N ne knws fr sure, but the mdem classrm may turn ut t be a cmbinatin f the ld and the new, with n-campus activities like labs, debates and nline activities wrking with massive nline fferings t prvide a special learning experience that’s cst-effective and cnvenient.
32．Which can best replace the underlined part in Paragraph 1?
A．Witnessing falling.B．Gaining wealth.
C．Getting recgnitin.D．Causing arguments.
33．What’s the advantage f MOOCs accrding t supprters?
A．Students can get unique training.
B．The atmsphere can easily activate students.
C．It ffers an effective way t evaluate students.
D．Students can get high-quality educatin at a lw cst.
34．Hw will MOOCs advance in the authr’s view?
A．By increasing its enrllment rates.
B．By encuraging students’ participatin.
C．By invlving mre experimental activities.
D．By cmbining n-campus and nline activities.
35．What can be the best title fr the text?
A．When is MOOCs Get Nticed?
B．Hw can MOOCs Develp s Fast?
C．Is MOOCs the Best Educatinal Mdel?
D．D the Advantages Outweigh the Disadvantages?
【答案】
32．D33．D34．D35．C
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。主要讲述了MOOCS是远程网络教学的新模式，这一新型教学方式的优缺点以及人们对它的不同看法。
32．
词义猜测题。根据划线短语后“ and althugh it’s t sn t determine their final influence n the universities acrss the cuntry and the wrld, they are sparking ff a lively debate amng educatrs and students.（尽管现在还无法确定它们对全国乃至全世界大学的最终影响，但它们已经在教育工作者和学生中引发了一场热烈的辩论。）”可知，MOOCs已经在教育工作者和学生中引发了一场热烈的辩论，所以此处划线短语making waves的意思是“引起了争论”。故选D。
33．
细节理解题。根据第三段“Supprters believe making quality educatinal instructin available t the public will prvide higher quality and lwer cst fr many, and might easily be the best instructinal mdel fr the future.（支持者认为，让公众获得高质量的教育将为许多人提供更高的质量和更低的成本，并可能很容易成为未来最好的教学模式。）可知，在支持者看来，MOOCs的优点是学生可以以较低的成本获得高质量的教育。故选D。
34．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“ N ne knws fr sure, but the mdem classrm may turn ut t be a cmbinatin f the ld and the new, with n-campus activities like labs, debates and nline activities wrking with massive nline fferings t prvide a special learning experience that’s cst-effective and cnvenient.（没有人确切地知道MOOCs 在将来是否会进步，但是现代教室可能是新旧教室的结合，校园活动如实验室、辩论和在线活动与大量的在线产品一起提供一种成本效益高、方便的特殊学习体验。）可知，MOOC将校园活动和网络活动相结合，在将来会获得更大进步。故选D。
35．
主旨大意题。阅读文章内容，并根据第一段第一句“Massive pen nline curses (MOOCs) are making waves nwadays,（如今，大规模在线开放课程(MOOCs)正在引起争论）”，第三段第一句“Supprters believe making quality educatinal instructin available t the public （支持者认为应该向公众提供高质量的教育……）和倒数第二段“Sme find ther aspects f MOOCs trubling.（一些人发现MOOCs的其他方面令人不安。）可知，本文主要探讨了MOOCs是否是最好的教育模式。故选C。
Passage2
Briunna was just 12 years ld when her mther became severely ill, allwing her t knw what it was like t care fr smene else. Althugh many members f her family were nurses, taking care f her mm was what influenced her the mst and helped her decide t becme a nurse.
After she didn’t get int UW-Eau Claire’s nursing prgram the first tw times she applied, Briunna began explring ptential careers. She tk several business classes, but quickly realized that business wasn’t the right fit fr her and her real passin was in nursing. She applied t nursing again, and finally started the nursing prgram in the fall f 2019.
She was just mnths int her first semester as a nursing majr when she hit the next bump in the rad. In Nvember 2019, Briunna became extremely ill, with symptms ranging frm difficult breathing t a high fever and a cugh. Eventually, breathing became s difficult that she had t g t the emergency rm therefre, Briunna culd nt attend classes the rest f the fall 2019 semester, fcusing instead n regaining her mental and physical health.
While Briunna was still in hspital, she already had cnnected with fellw nursing majrs as well as prfessrs, wh wrked clsely with her t make sure she stayed n curse. Thse cnnectins made all the difference when she was trying t stay n track t graduatin despite her illness.
In the spring, COVID-19 added additinal bstacles（障碍）t her cllege jurney, frcing her t find new ways t manage her time and keep herself mtivated. What’s wrse, she als was laid ff frm her part-time jb when stres clsed, making it mre difficult t pay fr cllege.
Despite all thse bstacles, Briunna is n track t graduate with her nursing classmates in December 2021 and already is planning fr what cmes after she earns her bachelr’s degree in nursing.
28．What inspired Briunna t be a nurse?
A．Her interest in caring fr thers.
B．The influence frm nurses in her family.
C．Her part-time jb in a lcal hspital.
D．The experience f tending t her mther.
29．What des the underlined wrd “bump” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Disease.B．Barrier.C．Crssing.D．Failure.
30．Hw did Briumna stick t her nursing prgram during illness?
A．By attending classes with the aid f her classmates.
B．By seeking help frm medical experts n the Internet.
C．By cmmunicating with her classmates and prfessrs.
D．By taking mre curses than ther nursing majrs.
31．What can we learn frm Briumna’s stry?
A．Actins speak luder than wrds.
B．Many hands make light wrk.
C．Nthing is difficult t a willing heart.
D．One gd turn deserves anther.
【答案】
28．D29．B30．C31．C
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述Briunna的护理学习之路遇到的各种障碍，Briunna通过自己的坚持不懈也战胜了这些障碍。通过这个故事，我们学到——世上无难事，只怕有心人。
28．
细节理解题。根据第一段“Althugh many members f her family were nurses, taking care f her mm was what influenced her the mst and helped her decide t becme a nurse.（虽然她家里很多人都是护士，但照顾母亲对她影响最大，帮助她决定成为一名护士。）”可知，照顾母亲的经历让Briunna 决定成为一名护士。故选D。
29．
词义猜测题。根据划线单词后一句“In Nvember 2019, Briunna became extremely ill, with symptms ranging frm difficult breathing t a high fever and a cugh. （2019年11月，Briunna病情严重，症状包括呼吸困难、高烧和咳嗽。）”以及下文中的“thse bstacles”可推知，划线单词“bump”的意思是“障碍”，这次生病只是她遇到的众多障碍之一，所以其所在句的意思的“她刚进入护理专业的第一学期几个月，就遇到了人生道路上的下一个障碍。”故选B。
30．
细节理解题。根据第四段“While Briunna was still in hspital, she already had cnnected with fellw nursing majrs as well as prfessrs, wh wrked clsely with her t make sure she stayed n curse. （当Briunna还在住院的时候，她就已经和其他护理专业的同学以及教授建立了联系，他们和她密切合作，确保她能坚持学业。）”可知，Briumna在生病住院期间，通过和其他护理专业的同学以及教授交流，来继续自己的学业。故选C。
31．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despite all thse bstacles, Briunna is n track t graduate with her nursing classmates in December 2021 and already is planning fr what cmes after she earns her bachelr’s degree in nursing.（尽管有这些障碍，Briumna和她的护理同学们将于2021年12月毕业，她已经在为获得护理学士学位后的生活做准备了。）可知，Briunna的护理学习之路遇到的各种障碍，Briunna通过自己的坚持不懈也战胜了这些障碍，最终取得了成功，因此从Briumna的故事我可以得到启发——世上无难事，只怕有心人。故选C。
Passage3
The wrd "inquiry"(r enquiry) cmes frm the Latin wrds "in", r "inward", and "quaere", which is the verb "t questin". S inquiry is nt just asking questins, it is questining int smething. It has the quality f getting int smething, ging deeper, s yu can see what yu haven't been able t see befre.
When yu begin an inquiry, yu are deliberately setting ut t search fr what yu dn't knw. Yu have t have the cnfidence t say that yu might be able t figure it ut fr yurself. And in that prcess, yu get a sense f real excitement and energy. That energy is bth part f, and cntributes t, what we ften call "engagement". But in rder t use inquiry t answer yur questin, yu have t becme gd at knwing what yu dn't knw. I wuld argue that that's exactly the ppsite f what happens in schls. Classrms fcus n what yu d knw (r are suppsed t knw) and leave yu unprepared t deal with the things yu dn't knw.
In sme ways, we are all surrunded by a bubble f the knwn. When yu "knw" smething, yu identify hw yur mdel f the wrld fits with and explains what yu sec. Living in the bubble f the knwn is cmfrtable and cmfrting. Yu see what yu knw, and yu knw what yu see. But t d inquiry, yu have t get gd at always lking fr the bundaries f yur knwledge, and at the limitatins and cntradictins within what is knwn. That is what scientists d. They are always lking fr the limits, the bundaries and the pints at which their theries fail t explain the wrld. Scientists, basically. are always lking fr that “dr” frm the knwn t the unknwn, where they can press frth（向前）and push and, in a sense, expand the bubble f the knwn. Inquiry is the actin yu take when yu deliberately challenge the limits f yur knwledge.
24．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．What inquiry is all abut.
B．The way t make an inquiry.
C．The imprtance f inquiry.
D．The effect f inquiry.
25．What des the authr intend t tell abut "inquiry" in Paragraph 1?
A．The wrd has existed fr a lng time.
B．The wrd means asking many questins.
C．The wrd didn't cme frm the English language.
D．The wrd means explring further int smething.
26．What shuld yu knw well t d inquiry?
A．What yu already knw.
B．What yu dn't knw.
C．Whether yu are cnfident.
D．Whether yu are excited.
27．What des the underlined wrd "where" refer t?
A．In the real wrld.
B．Within the bubble.
C．In the wrld f the unknwn.
D．At the dr t the unknwn.
【答案】
24．A25．D26．B27．D
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。对“调查”一词进行了说明和探究。
【详解】
1.主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句和第三句“S inquiry is nt just asking questins, it is questining int smething. It has the quality f getting int smething, ging deeper, s yu can see what yu haven't been able t see befre.”（因此，调查不仅仅是提出问题，它是对某件事提出疑问。它有一种更深入的特点，所以你能看到你以前看不到的东西。）可知，文章主要是讲“调查”一词的含义。故选A。
2.推理判断题。根据第一段第二句和第三句“S inquiry is nt just asking questins, it is questining int smething. It has the quality f getting int smething, ging deeper, s yu can see what yu haven't been able t see befre.”（因此，调查不仅仅是提出问题，它是对某件事提出疑问。它有一种更深入的特点，所以你能看到你以前看不到的东西。）可知，作者是想说“调查”意味着更深层次的探索。故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据根据第二段“But in rder t use inquiry t answer yur questin, yu have t becme gd at knwing what yu dn't knw.”（但是为了用探究来回答你的问题，你必须善于知道你不知道的东西）可知，你应该善于知道自己不知道的东西。故选B。
4.词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Scientists, basically. are always lking fr that “dr” frm the knwn t the unknwn”（基本上科学家总是在寻找那扇从已知到未知的“门”）可知，定语从句中的where代指“dr”，是指通向未知的门。故选D。
序号
题型
真题
Part 1
解密高考
考点综述 备考建议
Part 2
对点解密
考点精准说1... 真题对点析1... 对点模拟练1...
Part 3
强化集训
真题模测、典题模测