新高考英语二轮复习题型专练16 阅读理解之词义猜测题(含解析)

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习题型专练16 阅读理解之词义猜测题(含解析)，共25页。

高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）16
阅读理解之词义猜测题
【考试方向】词义猜测是英语应用能力使用的重要体现，也是高考必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。
【命题趋势】
　　1.要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词 在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。
2.要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词 义的具体内容。
3.代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用＂逻辑关系梳理法＂、＂递向寻踪法＂理清人物及事物 之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
【设问形式】
　　1. The underlined word “…” in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______.
　　2. By saying that “…” in the first(second…) paragraph, the author means that ______.
　　3. In paragraph …, “…” can be replaced by “______”.
　　4. The meaning of “…” in paragraph… is related to ______.
　　5. Which of the following has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)?
6. The underlined sentence in the … paragraph probably means that _____.
【答题技巧】
对此类试题，考生应该进行大胆猜测，但这种猜测不是胡乱的，盲目的，而是有一定的方法和技巧。下面介绍几种常见的猜测词义的方法供同学们加以运用。
1.相似法
利用同义词、近义词（词组）或相似的结构猜测词义。在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。

【真题再现】（2020·全国卷III）When “Rise of the Planet of the Apes” was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren’t there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!”
The creative team behind “Apes” used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.
Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants,” “The Hangover Part Ⅱ” and “Zookeeper,” have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly.
In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States.
5.Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard?
A.To see famous film stars.
B.To oppose wearing fur coats.
C.To raise money for animal protection.
D.To express thanks to some filmmakers.
6.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A.The cost of making “Apes.”
B.The creation of digitalized apes.
C.The publicity about “Apes.”
D.The performance of real apes.
7.What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.Listing completely.
B.Directing professionally.
C.Promoting successfully.
D.Watching carefully.
8.What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors?
A.They may be badly treated.
B.They should take further training.
C.They could be traded illegally
D.They would lose popularity.
【答案】5.D 6.B 7.D 8.A
【分析】
这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人猿的创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐地动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事。但有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。
5.细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead, one activist ,dressed in a full -body monkey suit ,had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:“Thanks for not using real apes”可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活动人士来到现场，手里拿着一块牌子，称赞电影制作人:“感谢你们不用真正的猿猴。所以动物保护者聚集在好莱坞大道是为了向电影制作者表示感谢。故选D项。
6.主旨大意题。根据第二段“The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I records an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). ”可知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图形处理，以产生最终的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是关于数字化人猿的创造。故选B项。
7.词句猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子“One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment”（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的待遇）以及下文Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly.（许多电影,包括“大象的眼泪”,“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理员”,引起了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是“密切关注”。故选D项。
8.推理判断题。根据最后一段In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the Sates.”（在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是电影棚里对动物的待遇;让人担忧的是训练和生活条件。还有一些关于在美国以外拍摄的电影的问题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电影那样受到严密的监控。）可知，在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是工作室里动物的待遇;令人担忧的是训练和生活条件。由此判断出动物演员可能受到虐待。故选A项。
2.对比法
利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot and cold, perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。
表示对比的信号词有yet, but, while, though, however, otherwise, on the one hand...on the other hand, for one thing...for another thing, instead of等。
【真题再现】（2020·全国卷I）According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
13.What is the recent study mainly about?
A.Food safety. B.Movie viewership.
C.Consumer demand. D.Eating behavior.
14.What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A.Big eaters. B.Overweight persons.
C.Picky eaters. D.Tall thin persons.
15.Why did the researchers hire the actor?
A.To see how she would affect the participants.
B.To test if the participants could recognize her.
C.To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D.To study why she could keep her weight down.
16.On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?
A.How hungry we are. B.How slim we want to be.
C.How we perceive others. D.How we feel about the food.
【答案】13.D 14.D 15.A 16.C
【分析】
本文是说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。文章详述了这个实验的过程。
13.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake”可知，根据消费者研究杂志最近的一项研究，我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这项研究是关于饮食行为的。故选D。
14.词义猜测题。根据前半句“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the beanpoles with big appetites。由contrary to可推断出，画线词和heavier people（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier people正好相反。故选D。
15.推理判断题。根据第二段的“To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments”可知， 为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。 然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者。故选A。
16.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I? ”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？ 因此推断我们是根据我们对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C。
3.释义法
有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。
常见的词有：mean, that is, in other words, for example, for instance, such as...
【真题再现】（2020·全国卷II） I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.
As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
9.Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child?
A.Cooperative. B.Uneasy. C.Inseparable. D.Casual.
10.What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Pleasure from working in the library.
B.Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C.Wonderment from acting out the stories.
D.A closer bond developed with the readers.
11.What does the author call on other writers to do?
A.Sponsor book fairs. B.Write for social media.
C.Support libraries. D.Purchase her novels.
12.Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Reading: A Source of Knowledge
B.My Idea about writing
C.Library: A Haven for the Young
D.My Love of the Library
【答案】9.C 10.B 11.C 12.D
【分析】
本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。
9.推理判断题。根据第一段的 I was always an enthusiastic reader，sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties. I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。
10.词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew older and became a mother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文I had several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。
11.细节理解题。根据最后一段的I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.( 我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可知，作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。
12.主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。
4.语境推断法
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。
1. 根据对比关系猜测词义
　　在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。表示对比关系的句子结构：while 引导的并列句。
　　例如：A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.
　　What does the underlined word ＂hassle＂ (paragraph 1) probably mean?
　　A. a party designed by specialists
　　B. a plan requiring careful thought
　　C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble
　　D. a demand made by guests
　　根据对比关系，这里hassle 和 a basket of fun 是相反的意义，很容易判断理解题的答案为C。
2. 根据比较关系猜测词义
　　同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。
　　例如：Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
　　该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk和loquacious 之间的比较关系，其意义相近。由此我们可推断出loquacious的意思是＂健谈的＂。
3. 根据因果关系猜测词义
　　在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。
　　例如：I feel that since you are my superior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .
　　The word ＂presumptuous＂ in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to ＂__________ ＂.
　　A. full of respect
　　B. too confident and rude
　　C. lacking in experience
　　D. too shy and quiet
　　根据since 引导的原因状语从句的内容（＂既然你是我的上司＂），我们可以推断这里presumptuous的意思是：＂冒失的，放肆的＂意思，后半句的意思是：我告诉你怎么做会是一种放肆/冒失的行为。对应的理解题答案为：B。
　　Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves.
　　根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以判断Pruning的意思是：＂修剪（树枝等）＂的意思。
4. 根据同义、近义、并列、替代、说明等关系猜测词义
　　在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表示的关系推断生词词义。
　　例如：William Shakespeare said. ＂The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together.＂
　　The underlined word ＂mingled＂ in the last paragraph most probably means .
　　A. simple B. mixed C. sad D. happy
　　句中good and ill together 更具体地说明了 a mingled yarn的意义，据此我们不难推测mingled的意思是：＂混合的，交织的＂，答案是：B。
　　Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs ? The answer is ＂yes＂, according to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers.
根据and three other medical centers 这种并列关系，我们很容易推断出：Johns Hopkins 是一家医疗中心。
【真题再现】（2020·全国卷I）In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
1.What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?
A.His friends' invitation. B.His interest in the country.
C.His love for teaching. D.His desire to regain health.
2.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Developing a serious mental disease.
B.Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C.Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D.Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
3.Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan?
A.Romantic. B.Eventful. C.Pleasant. D.Dangerous.
4.What is the purpose of this text?
A.To introduce a book. B.To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C.To remember a writer. D.To recommend a travel destination.
【答案】1.B 2.D 3.B 4.A
【分析】
本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段的”A few years later, still attracted to the country. he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Ara Sea”可知，几年后，Bissell仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。因此推断出对这个国家的兴趣让Bissell先生再次返回乌兹别克斯坦。故选B。
2.词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章这件事，根据第一段最后一句”A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段”This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，Mr Bissell既体会到了友善和温暖，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，Mr Bissell欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一个奇怪的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在旅途中，他经历了很多事情。结合选项，B选项(充满事件的，多事的)可以表达此意。故选B。
4.推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。
5.构词推断法
阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fore, see , able；其中 see 是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。
1. 根据前缀猜测词义
　　例如：Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?
　　根据词根educational （教育的），结合前缀co-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出co-educational的意思是：＂男女同校教育的＂意思。
2. 根据后缀猜测词义
　　例如：It's a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on England's most southerly point.
　　后缀 -ise/ize意思是＂使成为…；使…化＂，结合词根commercial（商业的），不难猜出 uncommercialized 的意思是：＂未被商业化的＂。
3. 根据复合词的各部分猜测词义
　　例如：Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well-designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions.
　　Well-designed 或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由well （好，优秀）和design （设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是＂设计精巧的＂意思。
　　We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people that craft (手艺) no longer exists.
　　根据合成词中的mass （大量的）和produce （生产），我们可以推测 mass-produce的意思是：＂大批量生产；规模生产＂的意思。
例如：…Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when they’re being stared at. If people doubt the outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for themselves.” …
70. The underlined word “outcome” in the last paragraph most probably means .
A. value B. result
C. performance D. connection
【答案】B
【解析】运用“构词法”进行猜测。动词词组come out 的意义为“露出、出现、显露出”。再根据句子的语境，可猜测出其意义是：(实验的)结果。

【题型演练】
1
One period of our lives when better results are demanded of us is, strangely enough, childhood. Despite being young we are expected to achieve good grades, stay out of trouble, make friends at school, do well on tests, perform chores (家务事) at home and so on. It’s not easy.
The good news is that being likeable can help a child perform better. Likeable children enjoy many advantages, including the ability to cope more easily with stresses of growing up. In her book Understanding Child Stress, Dr. Carolyn Leonard states that children who are likeable and optimistic are able to gain support from others. This leads to focus and resilience (适应力), the ability to recover from or adjust early to life stress; a child who has adequate emotional armor can continue down the path to success. Much research shows that resilience has enabled children to succeed in school, avoid drug abuse, and develop a healthy self-awareness.
Why does a likeable child more easily handle stress and do better in his or her life? Because likeability helps create what’s known as a positive feedback loop (回馈圈). The positive feelings you want to see in other people are returned to you, creating constant encouragement and motivation, to deal with the daily stress of life.
This feedback loop continues into adulthood. To return once again to the example of teaching, learning becomes easier with a likeable personality. Michael Deluecchi of the University of Hawaii reviewed dozens of studies to determine if likeable teachers received good ratings because of their likeability or because they in fact taught well.Deluecchi found that “students who perceive a teacher as likeable, in contrast to those who do not, may be more attentive to the information that the teacher delivers, and they’ll work harder on assignments, and they will learn more”.
You may have noticed this pattern in your own life when you try to give some advice. The more positive your relationship with that person, the more he or she seems to listen, and the more you feel certain that that person has heard you and intends to act on your words.
1. The writer implies in the first paragraph that ________.
A. children are expected more than we usually think
B. life is not easy for every one of us
C. better education results in smarter children
D. to be a likeable child is almost impossible
2. According to Dr. Leonard, likeable children ________.
A. can cope more easily with stress independently
B. know how to avoid trouble and unpleasant events
C. are always optimistic and ready to help those in need
D. can achieve more and understand themselves better
3. The term “emotional armor” in Paragraph 3 means ________.
A. mental support from friends B. mental support from adults
C. failures in life D. ability to handle life stress
4. The main purpose of the studies done by Michael Delucchi is to find ________.
A. if a likeable teacher has a positive personality
B. if a likeable teacher draws more attention
C. how a teacher’s likeability gains popularity
D. how a likeable teacher’s teaching style is formed
5. The passage aims at proving that ________.
A. likeable people do better in life generally
B. likeable people do better in their childhood
C. social creatures enjoy fewer advantages
D. likeable people give better advice
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。短文通过讨人喜欢的孩子和讨人喜欢的老师对孩子的影响的例子来说明讨人喜欢的人通常在生活中做得更好。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中Despite being young we are expected to achieve good grades, stay out of trouble, make friends at school, do well on tests, perform chores (杂务)at home and so on.“尽管还年轻，我们被期望取得好成绩，远离麻烦，在学校交朋友，在考试中取得好成绩，在家里做家务等等。”由此可知，作者在第一段暗示孩子们比我们通常认为的更受期待。故选A。
2. 推理判断题。根据第二段中Dr. Carolyn Leonard states that children who are likeable and optimistic are able to gain support from others. This leads to focus and resilience（适应力）, the ability to recover from or adjust early to life stress.“卡洛琳·伦纳德博士指出，可爱、讨人喜欢的孩子能够获得他人的支持。这将导致专注力和恢复力，以及从生活压力中恢复或及早调整的能力。”由此可知，伦纳德博士说，可爱的孩子可以取得更多成就，也能更好地了解自己。故选D。
3. 词义猜测题。根据第二段中This leads to focus and resilience (适应力), the ability to recover from or adjust early to life stress;“这就导致了专注力和恢复力，即及早从生活压力中恢复或调整的能力。所以一个处理生活压力的能力的孩子可以在通往成功的道路上继续前进。”由此推知，划线部分指的是“处理生活压力的能力”。故选D。
4. 细节理解题。根据第四段中Michael Delucchi of the University of Hawaii reviewed dozens of studies to determine if likeable teachers received good ratings because of their likeability or because they in fact taught well.“夏威夷大学的迈克尔·德鲁奇(Michael Delucchi)回顾了数十项研究，以确定讨人喜欢的老师获得高分是因为他们受人喜爱，还是因为他们实际上教得好。”由此可知，Michael Delucchi所做的研究的主要目的是发现一个讨人喜欢的老师是否能吸引更多的注意。故选B。
5. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Why does a likeable child more easily handle stress and do better in his or her life?”为什么一个讨人喜欢的孩子更容易处理压力，在他或她的生活中做得更好?。根据第四段“Deluecchi found that “students who perceive a teacher as likeable, in contrast to those who do not, may be more attentive to the information that the teacher delivers, and they’ll work harder on assignments, and they will learn more”.”Delecchi发现，“与那些认为老师不讨人喜欢的学生相比，那些认为老师讨人喜欢的学生可能会更注意老师传递的信息，他们会更努力地完成作业，也会学到更多东西。”由此判断出，短文通过讨人喜欢的孩子和讨人喜欢的老师对孩子的影响的例子来说明讨人喜欢的人通常在生活中做得更好。故选A。
2
Did you know that the color of uniforms can influence the performance of an athlete? It may sound strange, but a study suggests this might be true.
Two British scientists studied the results of four sports in the 2004 Athens Olympic Games where the athletes had been given either a red or a blue uniform. They discovered that when there was a big difference in the score, color had no influence on the result. But if it was a close match, the athlete in a red uniform was more likely to win. Then they looked at the uniforms of the soccer teams at the Euro 2004 tournament (锦标赛). Again, teams wearing red won more games.
The two scientists got their idea from earlier studies of wild animals. It had been discovered that when a male shows red on its body, it sends a signal of its power and strength. For example, in many kinds of monkey, the more the male shows off its red scars (伤疤) , the more females it can attract.
Based on this fact, the British scientists thought that the idea might work for humans, too. According to them, when an athlete sees a competitor in a red uniform, he gets a feeling that he couldn’t be stronger than his competitor. And that kind of feeling may have a bad influence on the player’s performance in the actual game.
Although the idea is interesting, most people don’t accept that color signals in the animal world can really be useful to humans in sports. They think that it is unreasonable to develop an idea based on such a small number of examples. Much more research has to be done to prove the influence of uniform colors on the performance of athletes.
6. What did the scientists find out about the 2004 Athens Olympic Games?
A. Athletes dressed in red scored more in a close match.
B. Game results had a big influence on the athletes.
C. Athletes played equally well in four sports.
D. There was a big difference in red and blue teams’ scores.
7. The underlined part “that kind of feeling” in the text refers to a feeling of .
A. danger B. shame C. pride D. weakness
8. What is most people’s attitude towards the scientists’ idea?
A. Interested. B. Doubtful C. Satisfied D. Grateful.
【答案】6. A 7. D 8. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家通过研究2004年雅典奥运会的运动员所穿衣服的颜色，发现当分数差异大，颜色没有影响得分的结果。但如果这是一场势均力敌的比赛，着红色制服的运动员更容易赢得比赛。在动物界中有红色伤疤动物更有权威与力量，更有吸引力，由此认为颜色会对人类的运动有影响，但大多数的人持怀疑的态度。这一点也有待于更多的研究来证明。
6. 细节理解题。根据第二段“They discovered that when there was a big difference in the score, color had no influence on the result. But if it was a close match, the athlete in a red uniform was more likely to win.”及最后一句“…Again, teams wearing red won more games.”可知当有分数差异大，颜色没有影响的结果。但如果这是一场势均力敌的比赛，穿红色制服的运动员更容易赢。选项A符合题意，故选A。
7. 词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“when an athlete sees a competitor in a red uniform, he gets a feeling that his competitor could be stronger than him. And that kind of feeling may have a bad influence on the player’s performance in the actual game.”可知，当运动员看到穿红色制服的竞争对手，他觉得他的竞争对手可能会比他强。这种感觉（别人比他强大，而自己相对弱小的感觉）可能在真正的比赛中对选手造成不良影响。所以这种感觉是自己比别人弱小的感觉。选项D符合题意，故选D。
8. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Although the idea is interesting, most people don’t accept that color signals in the animal world can really be useful to humans in sports. They think that it is unreasonable to develop an idea based on such a small number of examples. Much more research has to be done to prove the influence of uniform colors on the performance of athletes.”(虽然这个想法很有趣，大多数人却不接受在动物世界中的颜色信号真的在人类体育有用。他们认为基于这样一个小的例子得出的观点是不合理的，还必须做更多的研究来证明颜色影响运动员的表现。)由此可知，对于科学家们的研究结果，大多数人是持怀疑态度的，故选B。
3
A large number of people want to grow their own garden, but they simply do not have the room. Do not worry. There is a solution. Consider container gardening.
The great thing about container gardening is that you can use a variety of different containers. You simply have to use your imagination. You could create a beautiful garden with things such as cement blocks, hanging baskets, clay pots, or window boxes. There are so many options when it comes to container gardening; it is only limited by your imagination.
Of course, you will want to take the following into consideration when you are ready to begin container gardening, in order for it to be successful.
First, you should avoid any containers that have been used to store chemicals, as well as treated wood. This could lead to the sudden death of your flowers and lead to the failure of your container gardening.
With any container that you choose, you need to ensure that it allows the water in it to drain when necessary. So it may be important for you to create holes in the container to help this along. You should also make sure the containers are placed on a raised surface, not upon the floor, to ensure the best possible drainage.
Ensure that the containers you choose are appropriate (合适的) in size for the plants you choose. You need to prevent the roots from overgrowing the container.
If you like fresh veggies, you could consider container gardening with vegetables. This requires a process that differs from that of flower gardening. Talk to an employee at a supply store in your area. They can help you choose the right containers for the vegetables you are wishing to grow.
9. Which of the following may be improper materials for container gardening?
A. Cement blocks. B. Treated wood.
C. Window boxes. D. Clay pots.
10. What does the underlined word “drain” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. To pick up. B. To give up.
C. To flow away. D. To gain popularity.
11. Compared to flower gardening, what do we know about vegetable gardening?
A. It needs special containers. B. It requires more time.
C. It demands more water. D. It seems much easier.
12. Who may be interested in the text?
A. People who have a big yard.
B. Citizens who enjoy gardening.
C. Farmers who are good at gardening.
D. Children who like outdoor activities.
【答案】9. B 10. C 11. A 12. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文作者针对没有空间，如何选用合适的容器进行园艺种植这一问题，给出了自己的一些建议。
9. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“First, you should avoid any containers that have been used to store chemicals, as well as treated wood.”（首先，你应该避免使用任何用于储存化学品的容器，以及处理过的木材。）可知，处理过的木材不适合被当作园艺种植的容器。故选B。
10. 词句猜测题。根据下文“to create holes in the container to help this along.”（在容器上开一些洞来帮助这个过程。）可推知，划线词所在的句子意思是“对于任何你选择的容器，你都需要确保在必要的时候能让里面的水排掉。”由此可知drain意为“排水”。故选C。
11. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“This requires a process that differs from that of flower gardening. Talk to an employee at a supply store in your area. They can help you choose the right containers for the vegetables you are wishing to grow.”（这需要一个不同于园艺的过程。和你所在地区的供应商店的员工谈谈。他们可以帮助你为你想要种植的蔬菜选择合适的容器。）可推知，和花园种植相比较，蔬菜种植需要特殊的容器。故选A。
12. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A large number of people want to grow their own garden, but they simply do not have the room. Do not worry. There is a solution. Consider container gardening.”（很多人想要种植自己的花园，但他们根本没有空间。不要担心。有一个解决办法。考虑集装箱园艺。）可推知，喜欢园艺种植的市民可能对这篇文章感兴趣。故选B。
4
With races delayed and outdoor exercise limited, COVID-19 has put the brakes on China’s previously booming marathon industry as event organizers struggle to make ends meet during the crisis. The sparse turnout（到场人数）of runners at Beijing’s Olympic Forest Park these days bears witness to the decline.
Despite the successful containment of the outbreak in China, fears over the potential risks of mass gatherings clearly remain within the running community, while the virus-enforced business shutdown has created a severe challenge to organizers and promoters involved in the sport. Event organizers are struggling to survive through the crisis with the majority of their source of income dried up.
Last Thursday’s cancellation of the 2020 Chengdu Panda Marathon showed that local governing bodies and organizers remain cautious against the virus despite a growing urge among the running community to get back to normality. With this year’s emptied spring schedule, industry experts expect that businesses face a daunting（令人生畏的）second half of the year even if races are allowed to restart.
“Due to the delay of events originally scheduled in the first half, the number of races will skyrocket in the second half if the government gives the green light,” said Chen Guoqiang, a sports sociology researcher at Shanghai University of Sport. “Event organizers will have to compete harder against each other to attract enough runners, sponsors and media exposure to make their races profitable.”
Bao Mingxiao, director of the China Sports Economic Research Center, suggests that race organizers and promoters should focus on improving race quality by providing more professional services and better online interactions with participants whenever events restart. “The rising public awareness of having a healthy lifestyle will only be strengthened after the coronavirus(冠状病毒) crisis,” Bao said during an online forum(论坛) earlier last month. “For the long term, the sport participation and consumption will be very likely to bounce back.”
13. What problem does the author talk about in Paragraph 1?
A. The marathon industry is suffering.
B. People are living beyond their income.
C. People’s health is worsening over time.
D. The popularity of outdoor sport is declining.
14. What does the underlined word “containment” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Recovery. B. Treatment.
C. Control. D. Prediction.
15. What does the cancellation of the 2020 Chengdu Panda Marathon indicate?
A. Most industries are facing difficulties.
B. The coronavirus is still very serious.
C. Less and less runners are interested in the races.
D. The government is still careful about the coronavirus.
16. What’s Bao Mingxiao’s attitude towards the future of the market for running events?
A. Neutral. B. Positive.
C. Negative. D. Doubtful.
【答案】13. A 14. C 15. D 16. B
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道，文章讲述了新冠肺炎疫情期间，马拉松行业也受到了影响，尽管中国疫情得到控制，但是人们仍然很小心。在冠状病毒危机之后，公众对健康生活方式意识的提高才会得到加强，从长期来看，体育参与和消费将很有可能反弹。
13. 主旨大意题。根据第一段，“With races delayed and outdoor exercise limited, COVID-19 has put the brakes on China’s previously booming marathon industry”（随着比赛的推迟，和户外锻炼的限制，新冠病毒也让中国以前繁荣的马拉松行业踩了刹车），由此可知，本段点明文章主题，马拉松行业在疫情中也受到了影响。故选A。
14. 词义猜测题。解析划线词的句子，“Despite the successful containment of the outbreak in China, fears over the potential risks of mass gatherings clearly remain within the running community”，despite为让步状语，表示其意义与主句意思为转折关系，后面句子意为“对大规模集会的潜在风险的担忧显然仍然存在于跑步界，而病毒强制导致的商业关闭已经给这项运动的组织者和推广者带来了严峻挑战。”，所以可以推测出前面状语为“尽管中国成功地控制了疫情”。所以划线词的意思是“控制”。故选C。
15. 细节理解题。根据第三度第一句话，“Last Thursday’s cancellation of the 2020 Chengdu Panda Marathon showed that local governing bodies and organizers remain cautious against the virus despite a growing urge among the running community to get back to normality.”（上周四的2020年成都熊猫马拉松的取消表明，当地政府机构和组织者们对于病毒仍然很小心，尽管在社区内有越来越多的呼声要回归正常），由此可知，政府部门对于疫情期间组织活动仍然心存芥蒂，因此把原定的马拉松比赛取消。故选D。
16. 推理判断题。根据文中Bao Mingxiao所说的话，“The rising public awareness of having a healthy lifestyle will only be strengthened after the coronavirus(冠状病毒) crisis,” Bao said during an online forum(论坛) earlier last month. “For the long term, the sport participation and consumption will be very likely to bounce back.”（过着健康的生活方式的意识将只会在此次病毒危机之后得到加强），由此可知，在冠状病毒危机之后，公众对健康生活方式意识的提高才会得到加强，从长期来看，体育参与和消费将很有可能反弹。因此可推断他对于跑步赛事的未来是乐观的。故选B。
5
For years, the U.S. has experienced a shortage of registered nurses. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that while the number of nurses will increase by 19 percent by 2022, demand will grow faster than supply, and that there will be over one million unfilled nursing jobs by then.
So what's the solution? Robots.
Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend. Toyohashi University of Technology has developed Terapio, a robotic medical cart that can make hospital rounds, deliver medications and other items. It follows a specific individual, such as a doctor or nurse, who can use it to record and access patient data. This type of robot will likely to be one of the first to be implemented in hospitals because it has fairly minimal patient contact.
A robot's appearance affects its ability to successfully interact with humans, which is why the RIKEN-TRI Collaboration Center for Human-Interactive Robot Research decided to develop a robotic nurse called Acntroid F. It is so human-like that some patients may not know the difference. This conversational robot companion has cameras in its eyes, which allow it to track patients and use appropriate facial expressions and body language in its interactions. During a month-long hospital trial, researchers asked 70 patients how they felt being around the robot and “only three or four said they didn't like having it around”.
It's important to note that robotic nurses don't decide courses of treatment or make diagnoses. Instead, they perform routine and laborious tasks, freeing nurses up to attend to patients with immediate needs. This is one industry where it seems the interaction of robots will lead to collaboration, not replacement.
17. What does the author say about Japan?
A. It ranks top in future robotics technology.
B. It takes the lead in offering robotic nursing.
C. It is in desperate need of registered nurses.
D. It provides the best medication for the elderly.
18. Which of the following best explains “implemented” underlined in Paragraph 3?
A. cancelled. B. constructed. C. improved. D. applied.
19. What do we know about the robot Actroid F?
A. It has no difference from a human nurse.
B. It gets favorable remarks from all the patients.
C. It interacts with patients like a human companion.
D. It uses body language even more effectively than words.
20. What is the author's attitude towards robotic nurses?
A. Skeptical B. Positive C. Critical D. Indifferent
【答案】17. B 18. D 19. C 20. B
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了，日本率先提供机器人护理，但机器人并不能取代真正的护士。
17. 细节理解题。由第一段中的“For years, the U.S. has experienced a shortage of registered nurses.”（多年来，美国一直缺少注册护士。），第二段“So what's the solution? Robots.”（那么解决办法是什么呢？机器人。）和第三段中的“Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend. Toyohashi University of Technology has developed Terapio, a robotic medical cart that can make hospital rounds, deliver medications and other items.”（谈到这一趋势，日本走在了前面。丰桥理工大学开发了Terapio，一种机器人医疗车，可以在医院巡视，运送药物和其他物品。），可知对于缺少注册护士，日本率先提供机器人护理，即日本在提供机器人护理方面处于领先地位。故选B项。
18. 词义猜测题。由第三段中的“It follows a specific individual, such as a doctor or nurse, who can use it to record and access patient data. This type of robot will likely to be one of the first to be implemented in hospitals because it has fairly minimal patient contact.”（它跟踪特定的个人，如医生或护士，他们可以使用它来记录和访问患者数据。这种机器人很可能是第一批在医院中implemented的机器人之一，因为它与病人的接触非常少。），可知此种机器人能在医院帮助医生或护士，所以这种机器人很可能在医院被应用，implemented在此处意为“applied（被应用）”。故选D项。
19. 细节理解题。由第四段中的“This conversational robot companion has cameras in its eyes, which allow it to track patients and use appropriate facial expressions and body language in its interactions.”（这种会说话的机器人伴侣眼睛里有摄像头，可以跟踪病人，并在互动中使用适当的面部表情和肢体语言。），可知Actroid F机器人伴侣可以和病人说话，使用适当的面部表情和肢体语言与病人互动，即它像人类同伴一样与患者互动。故选C项。
20. 推理判断题。由最后一段“It's important to note that robotic nurses don't decide courses of treatment or make diagnoses. Instead, they perform routine and laborious tasks, freeing nurses up to attend to patients with immediate needs. This is one industry where it seems the interaction of robots will lead to collaboration, not replacement.”（值得注意的是，机器人护士不会决定疗程或做出诊断。相反，它们执行例行和艰苦的任务，让护士能照顾有迫切需要的病人。在这个行业，机器人的互动似乎会导致协作，而不是替代。），可知机器人不会让护士变得多余，而是和护士一起合作，说明作者对机器人护士持肯定/积极的（Positive）态度。故选B项。
6
In the internet era, one could become a web celebrity within seconds.
This is true of Tamdrin, a 20-year-old Tibetan man, who recently attracted a lot of attention after a photographer posted a less than 10-second video of him on Douyin. Tamdrin now lives in Litang County of Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan province.
The netizens are amazed at his pretty face with sun-kissed skin, a mop of brown hair and an “angelic and comforting” smile. In particular, Tamdrin had “stars in his eyes”. People think that he is different from today’s popular young male idols who are characterized for their beautifully clean faces, fair skin and delicate makeup.
On Nov. 19, Tamdrin posted his first video on his own Douyin account. As from Nov. 24, the video received more than 2.2 million likes and over 100,000 comments, and he garnered over 2.5 million followers.
After Tamdrin shot to sudden stardom, some companies invited him to become a professional online celebrity. Instead of doing this, Tamdrin was employed by a state-owned company, “Tamdrin has been hired to promote the tourism of Litang County and Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,” Gao Xiaoping told Red Star News. Gao is a deputy manager of the county’s culture, tourism and sports investment development company. “He’ll get a monthly salary of 3,500 yuan as well as insurance and subsidies. We’ll check the qualifications of the companies that want to cooperate with him to prevent him from being cheated,” he added.
“I’m more than delighted to see that Tibetans are increasingly becoming internet celebrities,” Sangyeshung, a Tibetan man who works as a physician for the Ganlu Tibetan Medicine Group in the Tibet Autonomous Region, told China Daily. "They can introduce Tibetan culture, food and places of interest to the world,” he said.
21. Why is Tamdrin a special celebrity?
A. He is of natural beauty and purity. B. He wears delicate makeup.
C. He is typical of today’s male idols. D. He is the first Tibetan to post videos.
22. What does the underlined word “garnered” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Praised. B. Obtained. C. Resisted. D. Challenged.
23. What did Tamdrin do after becoming famous?
A. He shot a movie about Tibet.
B. He helped develop local tourism.
C. He became a tour guide in Litang County.
D. He got the qualification to start a company.
24. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. The Life of a Tibetan Boy B. The Influence of Douyin
C. Instant Fame of a Tibetan Boy D. Qualifications of Being a Web Celebrity
【答案】21. A22. B23. B24. C
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了网红丁天真以及走红后他促进了家乡四川甘孜藏族自治州理塘县旅游业的发展。
21. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The netizens are amazed at his pretty face with sun-kissed skin, a mop of brown hair and an “angelic and comforting” smile. In particular, Tamdrin had “stars in his eyes”. (网友们都惊叹于他那被阳光亲吻的漂亮脸蛋、一头蓬松的棕色头发和一个“天使般的、令人安慰的”微笑。特别是丁天真“眼睛里有星星”。)”可知，丁天真是个特别的名人，因为他有天生的美和纯洁。故选A项。
22. 词句猜测题。根据第四段中“As from Nov. 24, the video received more than 2.2 million likes and over 100,000 comments, and he garnered over 2.5 million followers. (自11月24日起，该视频收到了超过220万个赞和10万多条评论，他________超过250万粉丝。)”由该视频很受关注和丁天真有250万粉丝，可知，划线词garnered 意为“获得，拥有”。故选B项。
23. 细节理解题。根据第五段中“ Instead of doing this, Tamdrin was employed by a state-owned company, “Tamdrin has been hired to promote the tourism of Litang County and Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,” Gao Xiaoping told Red Star News. (相反，丁天真受雇于一家国有公司，“丁天真被雇请来促进理塘县和甘孜藏族自治州的旅游业，”高小平告诉红星新闻。)”可知，丁天真成名后帮助发展了当地的旅游业。故选B项。
24. 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“This is true of Tamdrin, a 20-year-old Tibetan man, who recently attracted a lot of attention after a photographer posted a less than 10-second video of him on Douyin. (一位摄影师在抖音上发布了一段不到10秒的视频，这名20岁的藏族男子丁天真最近吸引了大量关注。)”以及第五段中“ Instead of doing this, Tamdrin was employed by a state-owned company, “Tamdrin has been hired to promote the tourism of Litang County and Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,” Gao Xiaoping told Red Star News. (相反，丁天真受雇于一家国有公司，“丁天真被雇请来促进理塘县和甘孜藏族自治州的旅游业，”高小平告诉红星新闻。)”可知，本文主要介绍了网红丁天真以及走红后他促进了家乡四川甘孜藏族自治州理塘县旅游业的发展。因此本文的最佳标题选项C“一个藏族男孩一夜成名”符合题意。故选C项。