2021年中考英语总复习专题.13 被动语态（考点专练）

考点13被动语态

命题趋势

动词的时态和语态是中考出现频率较高的语法项目之一。考题多以具体的语境为主，体现了对语法知识、语境理解、语言交际能力的综合考查。

考查题型：从命题形式来看，时态以单项选择、完形填空为主、词语语篇填空等均有考查题型。

考查重点：从近年的中考试题来看，以下是考查重点

1、被动语态的句型；

2、被动语态的各种时态形式；

3、被动语态的用法；

4、主动语态变被动语态；

5、主动形式表示被动意义。

语态概述

1、语态的定义：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的，用来说明主语和谓语之间的主动或者被动关系。

2、语态的种类：英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

被动语态的基本句型及时态

【专题训练】

一、单项选择。

1.The weatherman says a rain shower __________ this afternoon in the south.

A. expects       B. expected      C. is expected      D. was expected

2.—Do you know when and where the 24 Winter Olympic Games __________?

—In Beijing and Zhangjiakou, in 2022.

A. is held       B. will be held      C. will hold      D. is hold

3.—Quite a few new laws and rules on food safety __________ into use last month.

—Can you tell me what they are?

A. were putting       B. have been put      C. were put      D. put

4. In the past few years, great changes______in Lianyungang.

 A. take place       B. took place         C. have taken place   D. have been taken place

5.Yaxi, a quiet village in Gaochun,________ China′s first “Slow City”in November 2011.

A. names    B. named    C. is named    D. was named

6. Moon cakes         for free to those old people this coming Moon Festival.

 A.were offered       B.will offer         C.have offered      D.will be offered 

7. Nineteen Taizhou dishes         into the book Huaiyang Cuisine（淮扬菜）.

A. chose          B. choose          C. are chosen       D. have chosen

8. Lunar Probe( 月球探测器) Chang'e-5_____ into space this year. It will land on the moon and return with lunar samples(样品).

A. sends          B. will be sent          C. will send       D. is sent

二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。

1. The stars can’t ______________ (see) in the daytime.

2. Some flowers ______________ (water) by Li Ming already.

3. This kind of shoes ______________ (sell) well.

4. How long ______________ your uncle ______________ (be) in the city?

5. The food ______________ (smell) delicious.

6.His request ______________ (rufuse).

7.All the preparations for the task ______________ (complet), and we're ready to start.

8.A new cinema______________ (build) here．

9.Now new words ______________ (borrow)from other countries.

10.A meeting ______________ (hold) when I was there.

11.After he got home, the new______________ (spread).

12.By the end of last year, another new gym(体育场) ______________ (complet) in Beijing.

13.The baby______________ (take) good care of by the baby-sitter

14.To make our city more beautiful, rubbish mustn’t ______________(throw) into the river

15.Hundreds of trees ______________ (plant) on the hill every year

【参考答案】

一、单项选择。

1. C【解析】句意：天气预报员说今天下午在南方有望下阵雨。根据a rain shower和 expect之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，排除A/B；根据this afternoon 可知是一般现在时态；故选C。

2. B【解析】句意：——你知道24届冬奥会什么时候在哪里举行吗？——2022年在北京和张家口。根据the 24 Winter Olympic Games和hold之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，根据in 2022.可知是将来时态；故选B。

3. C【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意：——上个月，有不少新的食品安全法规出台了。——你能告诉我它们是什么吗？这个题目旨在考查动词的被动语态，句子的主语Quite a few new laws and rules与put之间是被动关系，故排除A和D选项，根据last month这个表过去时间的短语，故排除B选项。故选C。

4.C【解析】take place是不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态，in the past few years常与现在完成时

连用。

5.D【解析】这里表示“过去被命名为……”。

6.D根据后面的将来时间状语，而且月饼应该是被提供，所以选择will be offered。

7.C【解析】根据句意，应该是十九道泰州菜被选为淮扬菜。

8.B【解析】此题表示“嫦娥5号月球探测器在今年将要被送往太空”。

二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。

1. be seen   2. have been watered 3. sells  4. has been  5.smells  6.has been rufused  7.have been completed  8. is being built  9.are being borrowed  10.was being held  11. had been spread  12. had been completed  13. should be taken  14. be thrown  15. are planted

：被动语态的用法及变换

【专题训练】

一、单项选择

1. This listening material, together with its CD-ROMS, ______well.

 A. sells     B. sell      C. is sold     D. are sold

2. The Yellow River      flood large areas, but now the waters of it are used to          energy.
 A. was used to; producing     B. used to; producing
 C. was used to; produce      D. used to; produce

3. ---Do you know when we________?

---I'm not sure. I will tell you about it when the time________.

A. leave;is fixed              B. will leave;is fixed   

 C. leave;will be fixed                D. will leave;will be fixed.

4. Alice     some advice on how to improve her listening skills, and she gladly accepted Miss Green's.

 A. gave          B. was given       C. gives              D. is given

5. Last March, many trees ________ along the streets to make our city more beautiful.

 A. were planted   B. were planting  C. had planted   D. planted

6. ---Aunt Li, who is the pretty girl in red in the picture?

---It's my daughter. The picture ________ 10 years ago.

A. took　     B. is taken　　  C. has taken　　  D. was taken

7. --- Clark, your room is really in a mess. It needs ________. --- Sorry, mum. I'll do it at once.

 A. clean          B. cleaned        C. to clean       D. to be cleaned

8.It's said that an Asian Culture Village__________inside the AYG Village in Nanjing in the coming Asian Youth Games period.

A. builds          B. is building       C. will be built        D. was built

9. We're sure that the environment in our city ______ greatly through our work in the near future.

 A. improved         B. was improved      C. has improved    D. will be improved

10.Pukou Railway Station ______ in 1911 and it has become a filming location for films and TV plays in recent years.
 A.build     B.is built    C.built     D.was built

11. It's reported that Jiangsu Grand Theatre       in September this year.

1. completes   B. is completed  C. will complete  D. will be completed

12.---Hobo,can I eat the hamburger？---Sure,if the dishes        .

 A.wash           B.are washed        C.will wash       D.will be washed

13.The film made by Walt Disney________all over the world.

     A. is used to show     B. is used to showing  C. used to show      D. used to be shown

14.---Have you heard about that car accident near the school? ---Yes,luckily no one________.

 A.hurt            B.was hurt      C.has hurt            D.were hurt

15. ---“Frog”, Mo Yan's latest novel, please!

    --- Sorry, it ______ just now. But it will come out again soon.

    A. sold out B. is sold out C. has sold out D. was sold out

二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。

1. It’ s said(据说) that the long bridge ______________（build）in two months. 

2. Where to have the meeting ______________ （discuss）now. 

3. Which language ______________ the most widely ______________（speak）in the world?

4. The lost boy ______________（not find）so far. 

5. Last year a large number of trees ______________（cut）down. 

6. The students ______________ often ______________ (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.

7. The old man is ill. He ______________ (must send) to the hospital.

8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits ______________ (sell) in this shop.

9. —What ______________ knives ______________ (make) of ?

  —They ______________ (make) of metal(金属) and wood.

10. Can the magazine ______________ (take) out of the library?

三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。

1. Is tea grown in South China?（改为主动语态）

______________ people ______________ tea in South China?

2. I am given a birthday present by my parents every year. （同义句转换）

A birthday present ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ by my parents every year. 

3. The work is going to be finished in two days. (对划线提问)

How ______________ ______________ the work going to be finished?

4. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态)

  An English song ______________ ______________ ______________ by the children.

5. You needn’ t do it now. (改为被动语态)

  It ______________ ______________ ______________ by you now.

6. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态)

  Metal ______________ ______________ ______________making machines.

7. He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态)

  I ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________that for him.

8. They are watching the football match.

The football match ______________ ______________ ______________ by them.

9. Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改为被动语态)

   ______________ a bridge ______________ here by them a year ago?

10. They have sold out the light green dresses. (改为被动语态)

   The light green dresses ______________ ______________ ______________ out.

11. We call the game ＂Lianliankan＂. (改为被动语态)

The game ______________ ______________ ＂Lianliankan＂by us.

【参考答案】

一、单项选择

1. A【解析】sell well用主动形式表示被动含义，表示“卖得好”。

2. D【解析】第一空表示过去常常做某事，用used to do；第二空表示被用来做某事，用be used to do。

3. B【解析】第一空用一般将来时，第二空表示“当时间被确定了”，所以用被动语态的形式，而且when引导时间状语从句时，从句用一般现在时。

4.B【解析】根据句意，应该是爱丽丝被给了一些建议，而且整个句子用的是过去式，所以选择was given。

5. A【解析】这里用被动语态的一般过去时，所以选择were planted。

6.D【解析】根据句意，应该“这张照片是十年前照的”。

7.D【解析】根据句意，房间需要被打扫了，所以用need to be cleaned.

8.C【解析】根据句意，表示“将要被建造”。

9. D【解析】此题表示“在我们的努力下，在不久的将来，我们城市的环境将得到极大改善”。

10. D【解析】此题表示“浦口火车站在1911年被建造”。

11. D【解析】此题表示“江苏大剧院将要在今年九月份被建立”。

12.B【解析】根据句意，盘子应该是被洗。

136.D【解析】此题表示“过去常常被放映”，所以用used to be shown的形式。

14. B【解析】此题表示“没有人在交通事故中受伤”。

15.D【解析】这里表示“小说刚刚被卖完了”。

二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。

1. will be built     2. is being discussed   3. is spoken    4. hasn’ t been found

5. were cut     6. are told     7. must be sent   8. are sold 

9. are made , are made   10. be taken      11. is cleaned    三、按要三、求改写下列句子，一空一词。

1. Do, grow     2. is given to me    3.soon is    4. will be sung

5. needn’t be done    6. is used for     7. was made to do   8. is being watched

9. was built     10. have been sold    11. is called

被动语态记忆口诀

被动语态强调＂宾＂，用 be加上＂过去分＂。

＂be＂要随着主语变，人称时态要弄准。

＂行为对象＂作主语，逻辑主语＂by＂来引。

原句若是双宾语，一变＂主＂来一保＂宾＂。

＂间宾＂要把主语变，原来＂直宾＂还是＂宾＂。

＂直宾＂要把主语变，＂间宾＂前加＂to＂最称心。

唯有原＂宾＂是＂复合＂，只有变宾要当心。

原句＂宾补＂变＂主补＂，位置不必挪寸分。

情态动词变＂被动＂，情态加be加过分。

如若＂情态＂后带to，变后有to才弄准。

＂短语动词＂变＂被动＂，相当＂及物＂莫疑心。

不过其后＂介＂或＂副＂，变后还得要承认。

【模拟训练】

一、用括号内的词的适当形式填空。

2.Look at the picture. The top five TV plays __________ in it.

A. list       B. are listed      C. will list      D. will be listed

3.If you are caught smoking in the kitchen, you __________ by your boss.

A. will fire   B. are fired   C. will be fired   D.be fired

5.The latest mobile phone __________ in China.

A. will make      B. has made      C. is making      D. is made

6. Mr. Green __________ to sing an English song at the party and he sang well.

   A. was invited   B. invited    C. is invited   D. invites

7. Teenagers have to be 18 years old before they __________ to drive a car.

A. are allowed      B. will be allowed  C. allow     D. is allowed

8. As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese __________ in more and more schools out of our

country.

A. teaches           B. is taught         C. has taught       D. was taught

9.—Your bedroom is so clean.

—Of course. It __________ every day

A. cleans            B. cleaned           C. is cleaned         D. was cleaned

11.—Why hasn’t Tony come?

—The invitation letter __________ to Toby by accident.

A. was emailed       B. has emailed          C. is emailed     D. emailed

12.The museum __________ next month to celebrate the Science & Technology Festival.

A. is decorated      B. will decorate       C. is decorating     D. will be decorated

13.—Your bedroom is so clean.

—Of course. It __________ every day.

A. cleans           B. cleaned            C. is cleaned         D. was cleaned

14. Both Lily and Lucy __________ to the party yesterday, but they didn’t come at all.

A. were invited      B. was invited          C. invited    D. is invited

15. When you go abroad, you’ll find that so many products in local shops __________ in China.

A. make           B. have made            C. are made    D. is made

16.—Why does the earth look blue in space?

   —Because most of the earth’s surface __________ by water.

   A. covers          B. is covered        C. cover           D. are covered

17. You are not supposed to go to a family patty unless you __________ to in the US.

A. are not invited    B. are invited       C. will be invited       D. is invited

18. Our plan to clean the park __________ tomorrow.

  A. Discusses     B. will discuss        C. will be discussed  D. is discuss

19. I plan to build an unusual house. It __________ out of old things. 

A. is built       B. has built         C. was built        D. will be built

20. Students do less homework now. Usually it __________ before 9 o’ clock in the evening.

   A. finishes   B. finished    C. is finished   D. was finished

二、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。

①The new bike ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ （买给我）by my parents as a present last week. 

②______________ your mobile phone ______________ ______________ ______________（是国产的吗）?

③The whole mountain is ______________ ______________ (覆盖) the snow.

三、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。

①I have a lot of homework to be done tonight.              ____________

②Is your history teacher listened carefully in class?          ____________

③Lei Feng’ s name remembered by all Chinese people.       ____________

④The music is sounded beautiful.                        ____________

⑤By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed?     _____________

【参考答案】

一、用括号内的词的适当形式填空。

2. B【解析】句意：看这幅画。前五名的电视剧都在里面。考查被动语态。根据语境得知The top five TV plays与list之间存在被动关系；由Look at the picture得知是一般现在时，因此为一般现在时的被动语态，故选B。

3. C【解析】句意：如果你在厨房里被抓到吸烟，你就会被老板开除。你只能＂被开除＂，所以需要使用被动语态be done，如果主句是将来时，那么if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来，这是主将从现的用法，本题中从句是说如果被抓到抽烟的话，用了一般现在时，那么主句用一般将来时，表示＂你将会被开除＂，所以用一把将来时的被动语态，will be done，故选C。

5. D【解析】句意：最新的手机是在中国制造的。will make将会制造，一般将来时态；has made现在完成时态；is making现在进行时态；is made一般现在时的被动语态。根据句意可知，这句话的主语The latest mobile phone与谓语动词make之间构成被动关系，应用被动语态，选项中只有D是被动形式，所以选D。

6. A【解析】考查被动语态的用法。句意：格林先生在派对上被邀请唱了一首英语歌，并且他唱得非常好。A. was invited被邀请，被动结构；B. invited邀请，过去式；C. is invited被动结构，一般现在时；D. invites第三人称单数形式。根据he sang well.可知用过去时态，再根据主语和谓语动词之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态的过去时态，故选A。

7. A【解析】考查被动语态的用法。句意：青少年在允许开车前不得不达到十八岁。are allowed被动语态的一般现在时；C. will be allowed被动语态的一般将来时；D. allow一般现在时。根据主语和谓语动词之间的动宾关系，可知用被动语态，结合句意，可知表示一般情况，故选A。

8. B【解析】考查被动语态的时态的用法。句意：随着中国变得越来越强大，汉语在国外越来越多的学校教学。A. teaches第三人称单数形式；B. is taught 一般现在时的被动结构；C. has taught 现在完成时，主动结构；D. was taught一般过去时的被动结构。根据主语和谓语动词之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态，根据句意，可知描述的是现在的一种现象，所以用一般现在时，故选B。

9. C【解析】考查被动语态。句意：——你的卧室真干净。——当然，它每天都被打扫。根据every day句子应该用一般现在时，句子的主语it与谓语动词clean之间是被动关系，故选C。

11. A【解析】考查动词的时态及语态。句意：——托尼为什么还没来？——邀请函偶然地通过电子邮件发送给托比。A. was emailed被邮寄，过去式的被动语态；B. has emailed已邮寄； C. is emailed被邮寄，现在式的被动语态；D. emailed 邮寄，一般过去时。The invitation letter是物，应用被动语态，邀请函已发故用过去式，因此选A。

12. D【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：为庆祝即将举行的科学技术节，这个博物馆下个月就要装修。根据题意，博物馆下个月要进行装修，属于打算，应该用一般将来时，排除A和C选项。同时，博物馆是＂被装修＂，要用decorate的被动语态，即be decorated，而B是主动式，可排除。故选D。

13. C 【解析】考查被动语态。句意：——你的卧室真干净。——当然，它每天都被打扫。根据every day句子应该用一般现在时，句子的主语it与谓语动词clean之间是被动关系，故选C。

14. A【解析】考查动词的语态。句意：昨天李丽和露西都被邀请去参加聚会，但是他们都没有去。A. were invited 被邀请，用于复数的主语； B. was invited 用于单数主语； C. invited是过去式。因为句子的主语Both Lily and Lucy是复数，并且与谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以用were invited被邀请，故选A。

15. C【解析】考查动词的语态。句意：当你去国外时，你会在当地商店里看到那么多中国制造的商品。主语products是谓语动词make的承受者，句子用被动语态，故选C。

16. B【解析】考查动词的语态。句意：——为什么在太空中，地球看上去是蓝色的？——因为地球的大部分地方被水覆盖着。句子的主语surface是谓语动词cover的承受者，句子用被动词语态，most of the earth’ s surface表示单数含义，谓语动词用单数形式。故选B。

17. B【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在美国如果你不被邀请，你不应该参加家庭聚会。Unless引导的条件状语从句，主句将来时或有情态动词，从句用一般现代时。故选B。

18. C【解析】考查动词的时态及语态的用法。句意：打扫公园的计划将在明天被讨论。根据tomorrow可知，句子应该用一般将来时，句子的主语plan与discuss 之间是被动关系。故选C。

19. D【解析】考查动词的时态及语态。句意：我计划建一座与众不同的房子，所建造的房子会推陈出新。根据plan可知，计划要做的事情，当然句子用一般将来时，句子是主语it指房子，it与build之间是被动关系。所以用将来时的被动语态。故选D。

20. C【解析】考查一般现在时被动语态。句意：学生现在做较少的家庭作业。通常在晚上九点前就可以完成。在该句中的it指代上文中的homework，它是动词finish的承受者，该用被动语态。根据usually可知该用一般现在时。所以选C。

二、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。

① was bought for me   ② Is made in China   ③ covered with

三、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。

①be done改为do   ② listened改为listened to  ③ remembered改为was remembered

④ is sounded改为sounds  ⑤By who改为By whom