人教新目标八年级寒假英语专题06 形容词

这是一份人教新目标八年级寒假英语专题06 形容词，共21页。试卷主要包含了形容词词义辨析等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、形容词的基本作用 形容词的定义及位置
形容词是用来描述或修饰名词或代词的一类词,用以说明人或事物的性质和特征。
作定语
一般放在名词之前,复合不定代词之后。
He lives in a beautiful huse.他住在一座漂亮的房子里。
There is nthing imprtant in tday’s newspaper.今天的报纸上没有什么重要的内容。
作表语,放在连系动词(be,feel,lk,smell,taste,sund,get,becme,keep,turn,seem 等)之后。
His idea sunds great.他的主意听起来很棒。
作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后,常与 make,leave,keep,find 等动词连用。
They keep the classrm clean every day.他们每天保持教室干净。We find it imprtant t learn English well.我们发现学好英语很重要。4.形容词的名词化
有些形容词放在定冠词之后变成名词,表示一类人,常见的有:gd/bad,rich/pr,yung/ld,deaf/blind, black/white,living/dead 等
The ld shuld be taken gd care f.老年人应该受到很好的照顾。二、形容词词义辨析
在做辨析题时，首先应读懂句意，抓住题干中关键信息，并分析各选项表达的意思，结合日常生活的 常识及语境即可选出正确答案。
如：After the ftball match, the players were very and tired.
A. clB. fullC. livelyD. thirsty
方法点拨 第 1 步：分析四个选项均为形容词，在句中作表语；第 2 步：分析语境“在足球比赛之后，运动员是 和疲劳的。”cl 平静的；full 满的；lively 有活力的；thirsty 口渴的，渴望的。结合常识及句意可知运动员在足球比赛后又渴又累。故选 D。
近义词词义辨析
1.-ing 形容词和-ed 形容词
-ing 形容词
-ed 形容词
例句
surprising 令人惊讶的
surprised 感到惊讶的
The stry has a surprising end.
He is surprised at the news.
lder 和 elder
alne 和 lnely
interesting 有趣的
interested 感兴趣的
There are many interesting places in Beijing.
I’m interested in what he said.
exciting 令人兴奋的
excited 感到兴奋的
They jumped when they heard the exciting news.
We are excited abut the match.
pleasing 令人愉快的
pleased 感到愉快/满意的
It is a pleasing trip.
If yu queue-jump,thers will nt be pleased.
frightening 令人恐惧的
frightened 感到恐惧的
The girl cried because f the frightening stry.
He is frightened f the ghst.
mving 令人感动的
mved 受感动的
It is a mving perfrmance.
We are mved by the perfrmance.
tiring 使人疲倦的
tired 感到疲倦的
We had a very tiring trip last week.
I m tired f s much hmewrk.
fascinating 迷人的
fascinated 着迷的
What a fascinating stry!
The children are fascinated by all the tys in the shp windws.
特点:表示主动意义,多指事物对人的影响,一般修饰事物
特点:表示被动意义,多指人对事物的感受,主语一般是人,常用“sb+be+-ed 形容词+ 介词”
结构
What an exciting film!
We were very excited abut the trip t Beijing.
易混词
用法
例句
lder
常用于表比较的句型中,意为“较老
的,较旧的,年纪较大的”
Yur bike is than mine.你的自行车比我的旧。
He is than yu.他比你年龄大。
elder
只用于比较一家人的年龄长幼,意为
“年长的”。elder 除指家庭成员外,也可以指其他人,意思是“资格老的”
He is my .他是我哥哥。
He is an .他是位资格老的老师。
易混词
用法
例句
alne
强调独自一人,常用作表语。另外,alne
也可用作副词,意思是“单独地,独自地”
He .他一个人住。
alive, lively 和 living
black 和 dark
sleepy,asleep 和 sleeping
dead 和 dying
—Jhn, this crsswrd is t difficult fr me. I can’t wrk it ut.
—Yu can g t Jacksn fr help. He’s very . I’m sure he can d it. A.braveB.serius
C.pliteD.clever
lnely
lnely 作表语时,表示“寂寞的”,含有强烈的感情色彩;作定语时含有“偏僻的”
之意
The man lived n island.那个男人住在一个偏僻的岛上。
易混词
用法
例句
alive
是表语形容词,既可指人,也可指物
Was the snake ?这条蛇是活着还是死了?
lively
侧重指“活泼的,活跃的”,与“死板的”对
应
That’s a baby.那是一个活泼的婴儿。
living
是定语形容词,指“活着的”
All the need fd t grw.所有的生物都
需要食物去生长。
易混词
用法
例句
black
black 的意思是“黑色(的)”,指颜色,其反
义词是 white
The drs are painted .
这些门被刷成了黑色。
dark
dark 的意思是“昏暗的,黑暗的”,指无光
This is a .
这是间黑暗的房间。
易混词
用法
例句
sleepy
意为“困倦的”,还没有睡着
He in class.他在课上感觉很困。
asleep
意为“睡着了的”,常用作表语
He in class.他在课上睡着了。
sleeping
意为“睡着了的”,常用作定语
Lk at the .看那个睡着了的男孩儿。
易混词
用法
例句
dead
指“死了的”
His father has been fr 3 years.他的父亲已经去世 3
年了。
dying
指“快死了的,奄奄一息的”
The little dg . Let’s d smething t help him.那只
小狗快死了。让我们做些事来帮帮他。
Yummy!It is the Chinese-style cake that I have ever had. A.wrseB.wrst
C.nicerD.nicest
What news made them s dwn?I’m wrried abut them. A.sadB.happy
C.excitingD.gd
—Bill gt full marks in the last math test.
—Yes, he is by in ur class. A.the mst awfulB.mre awful
C.the mst carefulD.mre careful
Jane Eyre is ne f nvels in the wrld. A.mre famusB.the mst famus
C.lngerD.lngest
The huse prices are s that many yung peple can’t affrd t buy a huse. A.highB.cheapC.expensiveD.lw
Chinese chess has a lng histry. Tday it’s still amng the yung and the ld.
A.specialB.ppularC.easyD.valuable
形容词比较级和最高级的构成
规则变化
类别
构成方法
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词
一般直接加
lng
tall
lnger
taller
lngest
tallest
以不发音的 e 结尾时
加
late
large
later
larger
latest
largest
以辅音字母加 y 结尾
时把
easy
happy
easier
happier
easiest
happiest
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字
母时,
big ht
bigger htter
biggest httest
多音节
词和部
在原级前加
careful
mre
careful
mst
careful
不规则变化
形容词和副词的比较等级是中考的必考点。而在词形转换题型中，则需先判断用原级还是比较等级。
原级的判定方法
由表示程度的副词 very， s， t， enugh， quite 等修饰时，用形容词原级。
The film is t bring. 这部电影太无聊了。
A+be+as+原级+as+B，意为“A 与 B 一样……”，表示相同或相等。
My best friend is her mther. 我最好的朋友和她妈妈一样高。
A+be+nt+s/as+原级+as+B，意为“A 不及 B 那样……”，表示不如或不相等。
This red skirt is nt that blue ne. 这条红色的短裙不如那条蓝色的漂亮。
A+be+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B，表示“A 是 B 的……倍”（常见倍数：一半 half，一倍 nce，两倍twice，三倍及以上：数字+times）。
Our schl is theirs. 我们学校是他们学校的两倍大。
as much/many...+as，表示前后的数量相同。
Jhn earns his brther.约翰挣的钱和他的哥哥一样多。
as+原级+as+用作比喻的名词，意为“像……一样”，此结构可形成许多习惯用语，多用于口语。 He is a bee.他像蜜蜂一样忙碌。
比较级的判定方法
由表示程度的副词 a little, a bit, a few, a lt, much, even, still, far, rather, any 等修饰时，用形容词或副词的比较级。
It is even tday. 今天甚至更冷了。
“the+比较级...，the+比较级...”表示“越……，就越……”。
分双音
节词
beautiful
mre
beautiful
mst
beautiful
原级
比较级
最高级
gd/well
bad/ill
ld
many/much
little
far
fruit yu eat, yu are. 你吃的水果越多，你就越健康。
“比较级+and+比较级”，表示“越来越……”。
注意：若比较级是在原级前加 mre 构成的，则用“mre and mre+原级”表示“越来越……”。Our city is becming . 我们的城市变得越来越漂亮了。
表示两者进行比较时用比较级，其结构为 A+be+比较级+than+B 表示“A 比 B……，”即 A>B。（注意比较的对象要一致）如果加入数字，则表示确切的量的关系。
My bike is than hers. 我的自行车比她的（自行车）漂亮。比较级的常见结构有：
A+be+less+多音节形容词原级+than+B，表示“A 不及 B……”。
The film was than the bk.这部电影没有这本书有趣。2.表示两者之间进行选择时，用句型：Which/Wh+be+比较级，A r B?。
Which is t the sun, the mn r the earth? 哪个离太阳更近，月亮还是地球？
表示两者之间较……的一个（f the tw）时，常用 the+比较级结构。He is f the tw.他是两个中较瘦的那个。
表示几倍于……时，用倍数+比较级+than 表示。
The Yangtze River is almst than the Pearl River.长江大概比珠江长两倍。
3. 最高级的判定方法
表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词 the，副词最高级前可以不用。句末常跟一个 in/f/amng 短语来表示范围。即用“A+be+the+最高级（in/f/amng）...” 表示。
This picture is the best f all. 这幅画是所有的画中最好的。
表示“A 是……中最……之一”时，用“A+be+ne f+the +形容词最高级+名词复数形式” Deng Ziqi is .邓紫棋是最受欢迎的歌手之一。
表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用句型：Which/Wh be the +最高级，A， B r C?
, Tm, Kate r Bill? 汤姆、凯特、比尔，谁最高？ 最高级的常见结构有
形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最……”。“A+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词单数+
范围”表示。
She is the secnd tallest girl in ur class. 她是我们班第二高的女生。
形容词最高级前面可以用物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，但此时不能再加定冠词 the。She is my best friend. 她是我最好的朋友。
形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。
He is taller than Vin ur class. 他是我们班上最高的学生。随堂练习
1.Cmpared with newspapers r TV, the Internet ffers peple infrmatin.
A.muchB.mreC.mst 2.Of the tw physics prblems, Martha just finished ne.
A.the mst difficultB.the least difficultC.the less difficult
Miss Brwn tells us t remember that careful we are, mistakes we will make. A.the mre, the fewerB.the fewer, the mreC.the mre, the less
—What d yu think f the mvie Operatin Red Sea?
—Wnderful. I’ve never seen a mvie than it. A.mre excitedB.mre exciting
C.mst excitedD.mst exciting 5.—Mary, d yu prefer weekdays r weekends?
—Of curse weekdays. Because I’m n weekends. A.busyB.much busierC.the busiest 6.—D the twins lk the same?
—N, Jane is taller than Claire.
A.littleB.mreC.a little
All the students in ur class are ver fifteen except Nick. He is in ur class. A.yungerB.lder
C.the yungestD.the ldest
—Which cuntry has the ppulatin in the wrld?
—China. It’s a little than that f India. A.mst, mstB.biggest, bigger
C.mre, mstD.bigger, biggest 9.The pizza lks . It is my favurite. A.lvelyB.sweetly
C.sftlyD.healthily
Nthing is than keeping trying if yu want t achieve yur dream. A.very imprtantB.mre imprtant
C.the mst imprtantD.as imprtant as
There are sharing bikes in many cities. S there will be pllutin. A.less and less;mre and mreB.less and less;fewer and fewer
C.mre and mre;less and lessD.fewer and fewer;less and less 12.—What d yu think f the mvie?
—Great! I have never seen a ne.
A.gdB.badC.betterD.wrse
用所给形容词的适当形式填空
1.Our manager greeted the guests with a smile at the entrance. (plite) 2.Fr yur , smking is nt allwed during the whle flight.(safe)
My daughter is much nw. The jeans she wre last year are already t shrt.(tall)
After the 31st Olympic Games, peple all ver the cuntry thught f the spirit f the Wmen’s Vlleyball Team.(high)
Peple wh ften list things they are thankful fr are happier and . (healthy)
One Belt One Rad is accepted in the wrld.（wide）
There are ways t stay healthy when seasns change. Yu shuld wash yur hands , exercise, eat and sleep well.(careful)
Peter has made great prgress in math . He studies very hard every day. (recent) 9.Sixteen-year-ld children aren’t allwed t drive because they can’t drive .（safe） 10.The CD player will g wrng if yu dn't use it .（prper）
That little girl is fighting against her serius . Hw brave she is! (ill)
Yu must have a lt f when yu are staying with thse naughty kids.(patient)
A gd beginning is half dne. We culd imprve ur study with a gd beginning. (quick) 14.This prject is f great fr all the wrkers in this cmpany.（imprtant）
My friends gave me a big surprise n my thirteenth birthday. I was mved by them.(real)
I think there is a that we can get the big prize.(pssible) 17.It is very imprtant fr us t use ur wn mney .(wise)
课后练习
基础达标
一、写出下列词的比较级与最高级形式：
small easy
careful thin
nice
二、不规则变化
gd / well bad/ill
little many/much
far
中考链接
1.. She has many hbbies. Her after-wrk life is .
A. lnelyB. clrfulC. emptyD. dull
—Ann, I am wrried I’m getting fatter. What shall I d?
—I think yu shuld eat fd and d mre exercise.
mreB. lessC. muchD. little
— Cme n. Dave. It's time fr dinner.
I'm nt yet. I've just had a hamburger.
A. fullB. tiredC. thirstyD. hungry
Bb ften says that swimming is than hiking in reducing weight, but he always spends mre time n swimming.
A. less usefulB. less interestingC. mre usefulD. mre interesting
The price f the sweater is very . I can’t affrd it.
expensiveB. cheapC. high
The mre careful yu are, the mistakes yu will make.
fewB. fewerC. fewest
7.. With the help f the new skill, Liu Xiang can run than befre.
A. fastB. fasterC. fastest 8.. — Have yu finished yur wrk yet?
N, nt yet. It'll take me ten minutes.
A. therB. antherC the ther
9.. She prefers ftball because she thinks it’s amng all sprts.
A. InterestingB. mre interestingC. the mst interesting 10.. Is this kind f pet a pet dg these days?
A. as trendy asB. mre trendier thanC. much trendy thanD. nt s trendier as
11.. The Old Twn f Lijiang is with turists fr its beautiful buildings.
A. ppularB. famusC. specialD. different 12..It was a day and she felt very .
A. tiring, tiredB. tiring, tiringC. tired, tiringD. tired, tired 13.. Liuzhu is than Shanghai.
A. smallB. smallerC. smallest 14..一 It’s summer nw，the weather is getting .
A. higher and higherB. lwer and lwerC. htter and htterD. clder and clder
15.. Smene says "Time is, mney.But I thinktime is imprtant than mney.
A. lessB. muchC. evenmreD. much least
—Which city has ppulatin, Beijing, Guiyang r Xingyi?
—XIngyi, f curse.
the largestB. the smallestC. the mstD. the least
A girl named Dng Xinyi lked after her disabled father.
three-year-ldB. three-years-ldC. three years ld
exercise yu take, yu’ll be.
The fewer, the fatterB. The less, the fatterC. The less, the mre fatter