2020-2013年英语高考真题语法知识小题分类汇编及答案

2020-2013年英语高考真题语法知识小题分类汇编及答案
动词的时态和语态及情态动词、虚拟语气
一、2020年高考真题
1.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61． (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.

2.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67． (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68． (construct) .＂

3.（2020·新课标I卷短文改错）I like eating tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.

4．（2020·新课标II卷短文改错）Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, I have long been out of practice.

5．（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）The artist was sure he would63．(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed.

6．（2020·新课标III卷语法填空） 65（When/As） he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66． (point) down the river.

7.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）And，as more children were born，more food 59．(need).

8.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）By about 6000 BC，people 61． (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.

9.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）New methods 65． (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.

10.（2020·山东卷语法填空）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38． (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39（which/that） opened in 1759.

11.（2020·山东卷语法填空）The parts of a museum open to the public 40． (call) galleries or rooms.

12．（2020·天津卷单项填空）Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .
A．must B．can C．need D．should

13．（2020·天津卷单项填空）—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks. It’s because I ______ a lot these days.
A．have been practising B．was practising
C．would practise D．had practised

14．（2020·天津卷单项填空）The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ around that level since.
A．are remaining B．have remained
C．is remaining D．has remained

15.（2020·江苏卷单项填空）If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that ______ everyone.
A. suit B. suited C. suits D. has suited

16.（2020·江苏卷单项填空）Instead of getting down to a new task as I _____, he examined the previous work again.
A. had expected B. have expected C. would expect D. expect


动词的时态和语态及情态动词、虚拟语气
一、2019年高考真题
1. 【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】
22.The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months.
A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give

2. 【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】
29.A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________ in love with the people and culture there.
A. would fall B. had fallen C. has fallen D. fell

3. 【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】
31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had

4.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】
33.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer Olympics.
A. will install B. will have been installed C. are installed D. have been installed

5.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】
2.I __________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it.
A. had hoped B. am hoping
C. have hoped D. would hope

6. 【2019·天津卷·单项填空】
8.Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
A. is given B. are given
C. was given D. were given

7. 【2019·天津卷·单项填空】
14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time.
A. accomplished B. had accomplished
C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished

8. 【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】
Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.

9. 【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】
Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans __to retire__ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.

11.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years

12. 【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】
And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.

13. 【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】
Our hosts shared many of their experiences and___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.

13.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars




专题一 动词的时态语态和主谓一致
2018年
题组1 一般时
1.[2018全国Ⅰ，64]While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it
(be) more effective at lengthening life...
2.[2018全国Ⅱ，68]The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government (start) a soil-testing program... — and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
3.［2018全国Ⅲ，69]When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just... True to a gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal (mean) me no real harm.
4.［2018北京,1]—Hi, Im Peter. Are you new here? I havent seen you around.
—Hello, Peter. Im Bob. I just （start） on Monday.
5.［2018全国Ⅱ改错］I didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.

题组2 进行时
1.[2018北京，4]Susan had quit her well\|paid job and （work）as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.

题组3完成时
1. [2018全国Ⅱ，61]Since 2011, the country (grow) more corn than rice.
2.[2018北京，7]China’s high-speed railways （grow）from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
3.[2018全国Ⅲ改错]It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin.

题组5将来时
1.[2018江苏，31]Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we
（develop）more convenient electronic communication tools by then.

题组6被动语态
1.[2018北京，9\]A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who （trap） in the mountains for two days.
2.[2018天津，13\]My washing machine （repair）this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
3.[2018浙江6月，60\]...and I （shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.
4.［2018江苏，30\]I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan
（carry）out in the past two years.

题组7主谓一致
1.［2018全国Ⅲ改错］The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.

2017年
题组1 一般时
1.［2017·乙卷（全国Ⅰ）］Fast food ____ (be) full of fat and salt...
2.［2017·甲卷（全国Ⅱ）］Later, engineers ____ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube.
3.［2017·丙卷(全国Ⅲ) ］But at the moment, school ____ (come) first.
4.［2017·浙江］ Pahlsson and her husband ____(search) the kitchen, checking every corner,but turned up nothing.
5.［2017·北京］People ____ (have) better access to health care than they used to, and they’re living longer as a result.
6.［2017·乙卷（全国Ⅰ）改错］Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, but once I started the car, my mind goes blank.
7.［2017·甲卷（全国Ⅱ）改错］When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables!
8.［2017·丙卷(全国Ⅲ)改错］About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.

题组2 进行时
1.［2017·天津］ I____ (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.

题组3 完成时
1.［2017·丙卷(全国Ⅲ)改错］I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.

题组6 被动语态
1.［2017·乙卷（全国Ⅰ）］When fat and salt ____ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
2.［2017·甲卷（全国Ⅱ）］Steam engines ____ (use) to pull the carriages...
3.［2017·丙卷(全国Ⅲ)］Sarah ____ (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.
4.［2017·北京］In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones ____ (invent) yet.
5.［2017·江苏］He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he____ (follow).
6.［2017·天津］Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ____ (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
7.［2017·丙卷(全国Ⅲ)改错］About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and became a new member of the school music club.
题组7 主谓一致
1.［2017·江苏］The publication of Great Expectations, which ____ (be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.

题组1 一般时
2012——2016年
1.［2016•乙卷（全国Ⅰ）］So it was a great honour...I ____ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.
2.［2015•新课标全国Ⅰ］It was raining lightly when I ____ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.
3.［2015•江苏］The real reason why prices ____ (be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
4.［2015•湖南］I wasn’t able to hide my eagerness when I ____ (ask),"What do you wish me to do now?"
5.［2015•湖南］That’s why I help brighten people’s days. If you____ (do), who’s to say that another person will?
6.［2015•重庆］—Is Peter coming?
—No, he ____ (change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute.
7.［2014•新课标全国Ⅰ］In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It ____ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.
8.［2014•湖南］Whenever you ____ (buy) a present, you should think about it from the receiver’s point of view.
9.［2014•重庆］You’d better write down her phone number before you____ (forget)it.
10.［2014•福建］—Haven’t seen you for ages! Where have you been?
—I went to Ningxia and ____ (stay) there for one year, teaching as a volunteer.
11. ［2013•安徽］I’m calling about the apartment you ____ (advertise) the other day. Could you tell me more about it?
12.［2013•重庆］I felt very tired when I got home, and I ____ (go)straight to bed.
13.［2013•陕西］On Monday mornings it usually ____ (take) me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.
14.［2013•湖南］Around two o’clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat ____ (bother) us.
15.［2013•山东］I didn’t think I’d like the movie, but actually it ____ (be) pretty good.
16.［2012•新课标全国］"Life is like walking in the snow," Granny used to say, "because every step ____ (show)."
17.［2012•天津］The three of us ____ (travel) around Europe for about a month last summer.
18.［2016•乙卷（全国Ⅰ）改错］It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside.
19.［2016•甲卷（全国Ⅱ）改错］The summer holiday is corning...I thought that it is a good idea.
20.［2016•丙卷(全国Ⅲ)改错］They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me...
21.［2015•新课标全国Ⅰ改错］When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there.
22.［2015•新课标全国Ⅱ改错］Tony was scared and begun to cry.
23.［2015•新课标全国Ⅱ改错］A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.
24.［2014• 新课标全国Ⅱ改错］My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m. and ends at 3:30 p.m. ... We didn’t need to do so much homework.

题组2进行时
25.［2015• 天津］Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ____ (teach) a class at that time.
26.［2015•湖南］He must have sensed that I ____ (look)at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, "Why are you staring at me like that?"
27.［2014•重庆］James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he ____（come）until yesterday.
28.［2014•北京］—Hi, let’s go skating.
—Sorry, I’m busy right now. I ____ (fill) in an application form for a new job.
29.［2014•四川］She ____ (phone) someone， so I nodded to her and went away．
30.［2013•陕西］Jim ____ (watch) a late-night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank.
31.［2013•湖南］—I don’t understand why you didn’t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.
—I’m so sorry. But I ____ (do) my homework.
32.［2013•四川］Hurry up, kids! The school bus ____（wait）for us!
33.［2013•天津］The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers ____ (repair) one of the main pipes.
34.［2012•湖南］"The moment ____ (come) soon,"he thought to himself,waiting nervously.
35.［2012•福建］—When did the computer crash?
—This morning, while I ____ (sort) the reading materials downloaded from some websites.
36.［2012•四川］—Did you catch what I said?
—Sorry. I ____ (answer) a text message just now.
37.［2012•陕西］—Can I call you back at two o’clock this afternoon?
—I’m sorry, but by then I ____ (fly) to Beijing.How about five?
38.［2012•辽宁］I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I ____ (fly) to Shanghai.
题组3完成时
39.［2016•北京］I ____（read） half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.
40.［2016•浙江］Silk ____（become） one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
41.［2015•北京］ —Did you have difficulty finding Ann’s house?
—Not really. She ____ (give)us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.
42.［2015•北京］In the last few years, China ____ (make) great achievements in environmental protection.
43.［2015•安徽］Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I ____ (leave) my book in the cafe.
44.［2015•天津］Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement ____ (reach)so far by the two sides.
45.［2014•山东］Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we ____（expect）.
46.［2014•江苏］—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?
—Well, the media ____ (cover) it in a variety of forms.
47.［2014•浙江］Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she ____ (see) most of the guests before.
48.［2013•浙江］During the last three decades,the number of people participating in physical fitness programs ____ (increase) sharply.
49.［2013•辽宁］He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he ____ (have) it for a very long time.
50.［2013•新课标全国Ⅰ］When I first met Bryan I didn’t like him, but I ____ (change) my mind.
51.［2013•山东］—Oh no! We’re too late. The train ____ (leave).
—That’s OK. We’ll catch the next train to London.
52.［2013•湖南］—Have you heard about the recent election?
—Sure, it____ (be) the only thing on the news for the last three days.
53.［2012•浙江］—Alvin, are you coming with us?
—I'd love to, but something unexpected ____ (come)up.
54.［2012•江苏］The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he ____ (meet) some European business partners.
55.［2012•江西］—Look! Somebody ____ (clean) the sofa.
—Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it.
题组4完成进行时
56.［2016•江苏］Dashan, who ____（learn） crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.
57.［2015•福建］—Where is Peter? I can’t find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and ____ (write)his essay there ever since.
58.［2015•陕西］Marty ____ (work) really hard on his book and he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.
59.［2014•湖南］Since the time humankind started gardening, we ____（try）to make our environment more beautiful.
60.［2014•江西］—Tony, why are your eyes red?
—I ____（cut）up peppers for the last five minutes.
61.［2013•福建］The girl has a great interest in sport and ____ (take) badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.
62.［2012•安徽］In order to find the missing child, villagers ____ (do) all they can over the past five hours.
63.［2011•北京］Tom ____ (work) in the library every night over the last three months.
64.［2011•新课标全国］When Alice came to, she did not know how long she ____ (lie) there.
65.［2014•新课标全国Ⅰ改错］Since then — for all these years — we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.

题组5将来时
66.［2016•北京］The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ____（reward）with success in the end.
67.［2015•北京］—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right. I ____ (call) him later.
68.［2015•湖南］As you go through this book, you ____ (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.
69.［2015•四川］More expressways ____ (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
70.［2015•陕西］At college, Barack Obama didn’t know that he ____ (be) to become the first black president of the United States of America.
71.［2015•浙江］Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he ____ (go) to be a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.
72.［2014•北京］—What time is it?
—I have no idea. But just a minute, I ____（check）it for you.
73.［2013•北京］—Do you think Mom and Dad ____ (be) late?
—No. Swiss Air is usually on time.
74.［2013•辽宁］We are confident that the environment ____ (improve) by our further efforts to reduce pollution.
75.［2012•湖南］Close the door of fear behind you,and you ____ (see) the door of faith open before you.
76.［2012•湖南］Don’t worry.The hard work that you do now ____ (repay) later in life.
77.［2012•北京］By the time you have finished this book, your meal ____ (get) cold.

题组6被动语态
78.［2016•丙卷(全国Ⅲ)］Truly elegant chopsticks might ____ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.
79.［2016•江苏］More efforts, as reported, ____（make） in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.
80.［2015•北京］—Did you enjoy the party?
—Yes. We ____ (treat) well by our hosts.
81.［2015•福建］To my delight, I ____ (choose)from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
82.［2015•湖南］I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but ____ (hold) back thankfully by the shop window.
83.［2014•天津］We won’t start the work until all the preparations ____ (make).
84.［2013•北京］Shakespeare’s play Hamlet ____ (make) into at least ten different films over the past years.
85.［2013•湖南］If nothing ____ (do), the oceans will turn into fish deserts.
86.［2013•上海］The school board is made up of parents who ____ (elect) to make decisions about school affairs.
87.［2012•安徽］After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it ____ (decorate).
88.［2012•北京］—Have you heard about that fire in the market?
—Yes, fortunately no one ____ (hurt).
89.［2016•乙卷（全国Ⅰ）改错］Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.
题组7 主谓一致
90.［2016•甲卷（全国Ⅱ）］If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back...Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ____ (be) often acceptable.
91.［2016•丙卷(全国Ⅲ)］Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and (be) too violent for use at the table.
92.［2015•湖南］It is important to remember that success ____（be） a sum of small efforts made each day and often ____ (take) years to achieve.
93.［2014•新课标全国Ⅰ］...for most of us the ____ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river...
94.［2014•湖南］All we need ____ (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
95.［2013•湖南］The university estimates that living expenses for international students ____(be) around ＄8,450 a year, which ____ (be) a burden for some of them.
96.［2013•江苏］Generally, students' inner motivation with high expectations from others ____ (be) essential to their development.
97.［2013•福建］The famous musician, as well as his students, ____ (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
98.［2012•湖南］All the scientific evidence ____ (show)that increasing use of chemicals in farming ____ (be)damaging our health.
99.［2012•陕西］The basketball coach, as well as his team, ____ (be)interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
100.［2014•新课标全国Ⅱ改错］My dream school look like a big garden.


专题二 非谓语动词
2018年
题组2非谓语动词作状语
1.[2018全国Ⅰ，62]You don’t have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit.
2.[2018全国Ⅱ，64]Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice (improve) water quality.
3. [2018北京，6]During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together
（share）a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
4.[2018北京，10]Ordinary soap, (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
5.[2018江苏,26]Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, （exceed）the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.
6.[2018全国Ⅲ改错]Everyone was silent, wait to see who would ...

题组3非谓语动词作补语
1.[2018全国Ⅲ，70]Once his message was delivered, he allowed me(stay) and watch.
2.[2018天津，7I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph(take).

题组4非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
1.[2018全国Ⅰ，63]You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of
(die) early by running.
2.[2018全国Ⅲ，64&65]I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel (challenge).
3.[2018北京，3] （travel） along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.
4.[2018天津，12]I didn’t mean （eat）anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help （try）it.
5.[2018浙江6月，59]I still remember (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years…
6.[2018全国Ⅰ改错]My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.
7.[2018全国Ⅱ改错]As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me.

2017年
题组1 非谓语动词作定语
1.［2017·北京］Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ____ (spend) with his students.
2.［2017·天津］I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ____ (catch).
3.［2017·北京］The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ____ (range) from butterflies to elephants.

题组2 非谓语动词作状语
1.［2017·江苏］Many Chinese brands, ____ (develop) their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.
2.［2017·天津］The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ____ (allow) more patients to be treated.
3.［2017·浙江］...Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring ____ (cook) a meal.
4.［2017·北京］Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ____ (save) their valuable time.

题组3 非谓语动词作补语
1.［2017·乙卷（全国Ⅰ）］They are required ____ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.

题组4 非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
1.［2017·乙卷（全国Ⅰ）］Fast food (is) full of fat and salt; by ____ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
2.［2017·甲卷（全国Ⅱ）］This included digging up the road, ____ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof ...
3.［2017·丙卷(全国Ⅲ)］But Sarah, (who) has taken part in shows along with top models, wants ____ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.
4.［2017·丙卷(全国Ⅲ)］But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term ____ (rest).
2012——2016年
题组1非谓语动词作定语
1.［2016•乙卷（全国Ⅰ）］...（when） I was the first Western TV reporter ____ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
2.［2016•四川］For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something ____ (eat)!
3.［2015•新课标全国Ⅰ］Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it (regularly) (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people ____ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
4.［2015•新课标全国Ⅱ］The adobe dwellings (土坯房)____ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by...
5.［2015•北京］The park was full of people,____ (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.
6.［2014•大纲］Today there are more airplanes ____（carry）more people than ever before in the skies.
7.［2014•浙江］Amie Salmon,disabled,is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ____ (appoint) to guard her.
8. ［2014•重庆］The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ____ (return) to our shop for quality problems.
9.［2013•陕西］The witnesses ____ (question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
10.［2013•湖南］You cannot accept an opinion____ (offer) to you unless it is based on facts.
11.［2013•天津］In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words ____ (use) in daily conversations.
12.［2013•北京］Volunteering gives you a chance ____ (change) lives, including your own.
13.［2013•四川］The airport ____ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
14.［2013•辽宁］Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail ____ (wait) for her.
15.［2013•新课标全国Ⅰ］They might just have a place ____ (leave) on the writing course — why don’t you give it a try?
16.［2012•北京］Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ____ (stay) away.
17.［2012•重庆］We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ____ (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company.

题组2非谓语动词作状语
18.［2016•丙卷(全国Ⅲ)］People probably cooked their food in large pots, ____ (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.
19.［2016•天津］The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, ____（make）air conditioning unnecessary.
20.［2016•北京］ ____（make）it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.
21.［2016•北京］ ____(order)over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
22.［2016•北京］Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, ____ (turn) the old town into a dreamland.
23.［2015•北京］____ (catch) the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
24.［2015•江苏］Much time ____ (spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
25.［2015•福建］____ (learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
26.［2015•福建］In recent years an English word "infosphere" has appeared,____ (combine)the sense of "information" and "atmosphere".
27.［2015•湖南］When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, ____ (wonder)whether to stay or leave.
28.［2015•天津］_____ (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
29.［2015•湖南］Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students ____ (talk)over what is bothering them.
30.［2015•重庆］____ (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.
31.［2015•重庆］Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way ____ (use) the sun and the stars.
32.［2014•湖南］Children, when ____（accompany） by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
33.［2014•重庆］Group activities will be organized after class ____（help）children develop team spirit.
34.［2014•山东］There’s a note pinned to the door ____（say） when the shop will open again.
35.［2014•陕西］____ (work) out the difficult maths problem,I have consulted Professor Russell several times.
36.［2014•四川］—I hope to take the computer course．
—Good idea．____ (find) out more about it, visit this website．
37.［2013•湖南］____ (stay) warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.
38.［2013•新课标全国Ⅰ］The sunlight is white and blinding, ____ (throw) hard-edged shadows on the ground.
39.［2013•新课标全国Ⅱ］I got to the office earlier that day,____ (catch) the 7:30 train from Paddington.
40.［2013•安徽］____ (found) in the early 20th century,the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art.
41.［2013•重庆］When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, ____(tell) me stories till I fell asleep.
42.［2013•江苏］Lionel Messi, ____ (set) the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe.
43.［2013•山东］____ (eat) at the cafeteria before, Tina didn’t want to eat there again.
44.［2012•全国Ⅱ］The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy ____ (watch) anything that happened to be on.
45.［2012•山东］George returned after the war,only ____ (tell) that his wife had left him.
46.［2012•辽宁］This machine is very easy ____ (operate).Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
47.［2015•陕西］Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother ____ (take) good care of at home.
48.［2014•四川］The manager was satisfied to see many new products ____ （develop） after great effort．
49.［2013•陕西］Let those in need ____ (understand) that we will go all out to help them.
50.［2013•北京］When we saw the road ____ (block) with snow,we decided to spend the holiday at home.
51.［2012•四川］I looked up and noticed a snake ____ (wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
52.［2012•四川］Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ____ (wash).
53.［2012•江西］Having finished her project, she was invited by the school ____ (speak) to the new students.
54.［2012•辽宁］The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ____ (follow) them.

题组4非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
55.［2016•乙卷（全国Ⅰ）］My ambassadorial duties will include ____ (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
56.［2015•新课标全国Ⅱ］In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their (ability) (able) to "air condition" a house without ____ (use) electric equipment.
57.［2015•安徽］____ (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
58.［2014•湖南］ ____（understand）your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
59.［2014•福建］For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying ____（connect）.
60.［2014•山东］It’s standard practice for a company like this one ____（employ） a security officer.
61.［2014•江西］When it comes to ____ (speak) in public, no one can match him.
62.［2014•陕西］It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like ____ (go) for a swim?
63.［2013•福建］____ (know) basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
64.［2013•浙江］____ (hear) how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
65.［2013•江苏］Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ____ (reduce) to ruins, the city took on a new look.
66.［2012•安徽］I remembered ____ (lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.
67.［2012•陕西］If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ____ (meet) an even greater challenge.
68.［2012•湖南］We’ve had a good start,but next,more work needs ____ (do) to achieve the final success.
69.［2012•北京］One learns a language by making mistakes and ____ (correct) them.
70.［2016•甲卷（全国Ⅱ）改错］We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.
71.［2016•丙卷(全国Ⅲ)改错］I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.
72.［2015•新课标全国Ⅱ改错］After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found his parents were missing.
专题三 介词、介词短语和动词短语
2018年
题组1介词
1.[2018全国I，65]While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life walking, cycling or swimming.
2.［2018全国Ⅱ，65]Corn uses less water rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff.
3.［2018浙江6月，65]If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.
4.［2018全国Ⅰ改错]At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, and he agreed.

题组2介词短语
1.[2018浙江11月，60]One cup of coffee the late afternoon or evening will cause them to stay awake almost all night.

题组3动词短语
1.[2018全国Ⅲ，67]I was searching these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.
2.[2018江苏高考，25]Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which calls a clear road map and timetable.
3.[2018天津高考，3]At first Robert wouldn’t let his daughter go diving, but eventually he gave
as she was so confident about her skills.

2017年
题组1 介词
1.［2017·乙卷（全国Ⅰ）］This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) ____ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease...
2.［2017·甲卷（全国Ⅱ）］It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and ____work.
3.［2017·丙卷(全国Ⅲ)］After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree ____ engineering or architecture.
4.［2017·北京］Many people who live along the coast make a living ____the fishing industry.
5.［2017·天津］When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be ____trees that are over 1,000 years old.
6.［2017·甲卷（全国Ⅱ）改错］They have also bought for some gardening tools.
7.［2017·丙卷(全国Ⅲ)改错］When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies.题组2 介词短语
1.［2017·江苏］Determining where we are ____ relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.
2.［2017·天津］We offer an excellent education to our students. ____ return, we expect students to work hard.
3.［2017·江苏］—What does the stuff on your T-shirt mean?
—It’s nothing. Just something ____ the top of my head.
4.［2017·乙卷（全国Ⅰ）改错］It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.

题组3 动词短语
1.［2017·江苏］Working with the medical team in Africa has brought____ the best in her as a doctor.
2.［2017·天津］Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter settle____， get married, and have kids.

2012年——2016年
题组1介词
1.［2016•甲卷（全国Ⅱ）］Most of us are more focused ____ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
2.［2016•丙卷(全国Ⅲ)］In India, for example, most people traditionally eat ____ their hands.
3.［2016•浙江］The study suggests that the cultures we grow up ____ influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.
4.［2015•江苏］Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but ____ Thomas Edison.
5.［2015•重庆］Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃ ____ the average.
6.［2015•浙江］Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes ____ animals both on land and sea?
7..［2015•福建］A common memory they all have ____ their school days is the school uniform.
8.［2014•浙江］People won't pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying ____ expression.
9.［2014•江西］It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life ____ his great wealth.
10.［2014•陕西］The Scottish girl ____ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.
11.［2014•安徽］What we expect from you is working hard rather ____ hardly working.
12.［2013•新课标全国Ⅰ］It was a real race ____ time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it.
13.［2013•新课标全国Ⅱ］A serious study of physics is impossible ____ some knowledge of mathematics.
14.［2013•山东］The Smiths are praised ____ the way they bring up their children.
15.［2013•安徽］Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library ____ a book about it.
16.［2012•全国Ⅱ］100 ℃ is the temperature ____ which water will boil.
17.［2012•福建］Nothing is so easy as ____ parents to raise their expectations of their children too high.
18.［2012•浙江］____ all the animals I've ever had, these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word.
19.［2016•丙卷(全国Ⅲ)改错］Now I am leaving home to college.
20.［2015•新课标全国Ⅰ改错］Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted.
21.［2015•新课标全国Ⅱ改错］Tony saw a toy on a shop window.
22.［2014•新课标全国Ⅱ改错］Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities.

题组2介词短语
23.［2016•浙江］That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help. ____ short, he's reliable.
24.［2015•新课标全国Ⅱ］When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough (to cool) (cool) the house during the hot day; ____ the same time, they warm up again for the night.
25.［2015•安徽］They believe that there are transport developments ____ the corner that will bring a lot of changes for the better.
26.［2015•浙江］Most people work because it's unavoidable. ____ contrast, there are some people who actually enjoy work.
27.［2015•浙江］These comments came ____ response to specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
28.［2015•陕西］The little pupil took his grandma ____ the arm and walked her across the street.
29.［2015•湖北］This meeting room is a non-smoking area.I would like to warn you ____ advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.
30.［2014•湖北］Check carrots, potatoes, onions and any other vegetables ____ store and immediately use or throw away any which show signs of rotting.
31.［2014•天津］____ addition to the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.
32.［2014•江西］Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence. ____ the other hand, it could just put you in debt.
33.［2014•福建］Our club is open to everyone regardless ____ age, sex or educational background.
34.［2014•江苏］Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay ____ shape.
35.［2013•湖北］An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered ____ chance a long lost antique Greek vase.
36.［2013•福建］Mrs. Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always ____ the way whenever she tries to.
37.［2013•辽宁］ ____ behalf of everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.
38.［2013•浙江］It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner. ____ the meanwhile, I'll set the table.
39.［2013•江苏］I am always delighted when I receive an e-mail from you. ____ regard to the party on July 1st, I shall be pleased to attend.
40.［2013•陕西］The manager wants to see changes in the company, and I am sure he will ____ time.
41.［2012•安徽］You can change your job, you can move house, but friendship is meant to be ____ life.
42.［2012•江西］He seems to be giving the impression that he didn't enjoy himself in Paris. ____ the contrary, he had a wonderful time.
43.［2016•丙卷(全国Ⅲ)改错］At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.
题组3动词短语
44.［2016•天津］Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she give voice ____ her opinion on the subject.
45.［2016•天津］I hate it when she calls me at work — I'm always too busy to carry ____ a conversation with her.
46.［2016•天津］I'm going to ____ advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.
47.［2016•浙江］When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt cut ____ from the world.
48.［2016•江苏］Many businesses started up by college students have taken ____ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.
49.［2015•陕西］Peter will take ____ his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.
50.［2015•江苏］The whole team count ____ Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.
51.［2015•天津］Tom had to turn ____ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
52.［2015•湖北］There is no doubt that this candidate's advantage lies ____ his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
53.［2015•浙江］Body language can give ____ a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.
54.［2015•福建］It is said that body language accounts ____ 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.
55．［2014•浙江］How could you turn ____ such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months?
56. ［2014•湖北］I've been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I can't seem to get ____.
57. ［2014•湖北］Is this your necklace, Mary? I came ____ it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.
58. ［2014•安徽］Terry, please look up ____ your cell phone when Grandma is talking to you.
59. ［2014•安徽］When the sports hero turned ____ at our party, he was welcomed with open arms.
60. ［2014•福建］As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can get hold ____ concerning music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself.
61. ［2014•天津］The two countries are going to meet to break ____ some barriers to trade between them.
62. ［2014•江苏］—Dad, I don't think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.
—I see. I'll go right away and pay him ____.
63.［2013•江苏］Team leaders must ensure that all members get ____ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.
64.［2013•新课标全国Ⅰ］At the last moment, Tom decided to put ____ a new character to make the story seem more likely.
65.［2013•安徽］Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set ____ on their life journey.
66.［2013•湖北］Butterflies feed ____ a sweet liquidproduced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.
67.［2013•江西］Mother always complains that children wear ____ their shoes very quickly.
68.［2013•陕西］My uncle hasn't been able to quit smoking, but at least he has cut ____.
69.［2012•四川］It's surprising that your brother picked ____ Russian so quickly — he hasn't lived there very long.
70.［2012•陕西］He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the air-conditioning system broke ____ .
71.［2016•乙卷（全国Ⅰ）改错］My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.
72.［2014•新课标全国Ⅱ改错］We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music.
专题四 冠词
2018年
题组1不定冠词的用法
1.[2018全国Ⅱ改错]As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons...

题组2定冠词的用法
1.[2018全国Ⅱ，62]Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
2.[2018全国Ⅲ，62]Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at
top of her lungs.
3.[2018全国Ⅰ改错]During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.

2017年
题组1 不定冠词的用法
1.［2017·乙卷（全国Ⅰ）］As ____ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
2. ［2017·丙卷(全国Ⅲ)］Instead, she is earning ￡6,500 a day as ____ model in New York.
3. ［2017·浙江］For Pahlsson,its return was ____ wonder.
4.［2017·甲卷（全国Ⅱ）改错］They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.

题组2 定冠词的用法
1.［2017·甲卷（全国Ⅱ）］This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over ____ top.
2.［2017·乙卷（全国Ⅰ）改错］I still remember how hard first day was.
3.［2017·丙卷(全国Ⅲ)改错］Around me in picture are the things that were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. 
2012——2016年
题组1不定冠词的用法
1.［2016•甲卷（全国Ⅱ）］Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ____ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
2.［2015•四川］Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be ____ Beethoven.
3. ［2015•重庆］I just heard ____ bank where Dora works was robbed by ____ gunman wearing a mask.
4.［2014•陕西］____ village where I was born has grown into ____ town.
5.［2014•江西］They chose Tom to be ____ captain of the team because they knew he was ____ smart leader.
6.［2014•浙江］The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days ____week, often long into ____ night.
7.［2013•新课标全国Ⅱ］Four and ____ half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and ____ break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar.
8.［2013•山东］It was ____ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ____ night sky.
9.［2013•重庆］The parents were shocked by ____ news that their son needed ____ operation on his knee.
10.［2013•福建］The "Chinese Dream" is ____ dream to improve people's well-being and ____ dream of harmony, peace and development.
11.［2013•浙江］People develop ____ preference for a particular style of learning at ____ early age and these preferences affect learning.
12.［2012•辽宁］I woke up with ____ bad headache, yet by ____ evening the pain had gone.
13.［2016•乙卷（全国Ⅰ）改错］My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.

题组2定冠词的用法
14.［2016•乙卷（全国Ⅰ）］...while one is being bottle-fed, ____ other is with mum — she never suspects.
15.［2016•浙江］____ prize for the winner of the competition is ____ two week holiday in Paris.
16.［2015•陕西］____ more learned a man is, ____ more modest he usually becomes.
17.［2015•浙江］Jane's grandmother had wanted to write ____ children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ____ way.
18.［2014•重庆］I can't tell you ____ way to the Wilsons' because we don't have ____ Wilson here in the village.
19.［2014•广东］She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on ____ top floor.
20.［2014•天津］Life is like an ocean: Only ____ strong-willed can reach the other shore.
21.［2013•陕西］Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ____ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ____ thirteenth century.
22.［2016•甲卷（全国Ⅱ）改错］But in that case, we will learn little about world.
23.［2015•新课标全国Ⅰ改错］Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside.
24.［2015•新课标全国Ⅱ改错］A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.
题组3零冠词的用法
25.［2013•江西］Animals are obviously ____ lower form of life than ____ man.
26.［2013•新课标全国Ⅰ］India attained ____ independence in 1947, after ____long struggle.
27.［2012•江西］The Smiths don't usually like staying at ____ hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by ____ sea.
28.［2014•新课标全国Ⅱ改错］There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.
专题五 名词
2018年
题组1常见名词后缀
1.[2018全国Ⅱ，66]This switch has decreased (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
2.[2018全国Ⅲ，66]I’m a (science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
3.[2018浙江6月，64]Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in (weigh) problems.

题组2名词的数和格
1.[2018全国Ⅰ，67]…a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all (cause).
2.[2018浙江6月，56]Making Chinese （dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
3.[2018全国Ⅲ改错]The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.

2017年
题组1 常见名词后缀
1.［2017·甲卷（全国Ⅱ）］This development was only possible with the ____(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.
2.［2017·丙卷(全国Ⅲ)］She is determined to carry on with her ____ (educate).

题组2 名词的数
1.［2017·乙卷（全国Ⅰ）］This trend... has had some unintended side ____ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
2.［2017·甲卷（全国Ⅱ）］It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ____ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.
3.［2017·丙卷(全国Ⅲ)］She has turned down several ____ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
4.［2017·浙江］Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small ____ (carrot) and was about to throw them away.
5.［2017·乙卷（全国Ⅰ）改错］The instructor kept repeating the word, "Speed up!" "Slow down!" "Turn left!"
6.［2017·甲卷（全国Ⅱ）改错］Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet.

2012——2016年
题组1常见名词后缀
1.［2016•乙卷（全国Ⅰ）］But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ____(attract).
2.［2016•甲卷（全国Ⅱ）］Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ____ (achieve).
3.［2016•丙卷(全国Ⅲ)］Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the ____ (develop) of chopsticks.
4.［2015•江苏］Some schools will have to make ____（adjust） in agreement with the national soccer reform.
5.［2015•江苏］—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.
—I'd like to, but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my ____（apologize）.
6.［2015•湖北］He gave himself a new name to hide his ____（identify） when he went to carry out the secret task.
7.［2014•湖北］Her ____ (motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.
8.［2014•湖北］When Richard said, "You are much more agreeable and prettier now,"Joan's face turned red at the unexpected ____ (complimentary).
9.［2014•安徽］—Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one?
—That's a good ____ (suggest).
10.［2013•湖北］Poetry written from the ____ (perspect) of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging.
11.［2013•江西］Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with ____ (patient).
12.［2012•江西］You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future ____ (refer).
13.［2016•乙卷（全国Ⅰ）改错］My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.

题组2名词的数
14.［2016•乙卷（全国Ⅰ）］The nursery team switches him every few ____ (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed...
15.［2016•甲卷（全国Ⅱ）］Recent ____ (study) show that we are far more productive at work ...
16.［2016•甲卷（全国Ⅱ）改错］If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.
17.［2016•丙卷(全国Ⅲ)改错］The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.
18.［2015•新课标全国Ⅰ改错］The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.
19.［2014•新课标全国Ⅰ改错］Since then — for all these year — we have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.

专题六 代词
2018年
题组1人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
1.［2018全国Ⅲ，68］When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find
(they) alive.
2.[2018全国Ⅱ改错]...I loved to watch cartoons...my parents would not ...They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.
3.［2018全国Ⅲ改错］I had done myself homework, but I was shy.

题组2不定代词
1.［2018全国Ⅰ改错］The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals.

题组3替代词、指示代词
1.［2018全国Ⅰ，70］If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give a try.
2.［2018浙江6月，58］...they realize how cheap can be to eat out.

2017年
题组1 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
1.［2017·浙江］ "She thought I had hurt ____ (I)," says Pahlsson.
2.［2017·丙卷(全国Ⅲ)改错］This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
题组2 不定代词
1.［2017·甲卷（全国Ⅱ）改错］Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school.
题组3 替代词、指示代词
1.［2017·甲卷（全国Ⅱ）］However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using ____ every day.

2012——2016年
题组1人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
1.［2016•乙卷（全国Ⅰ）］On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by ____ (it) mother.
2.［2016•四川］By that time, the panda no longer needed ____ (it) mother for food.
3.[2016•上海]Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of ____ , and yet find it impossible to say no?
4.［2015•新课标全国Ⅰ］...I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with ____ (it) choking smog.
5.［2014•新课标全国Ⅱ］A woman on the bus shouted, "Oh dear! It's ____ (I)."She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully.
6.[2014•广东]Some of my friends who had been there before said ____ was a wonderful holiday destination.
7.[2014•上海]I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn't find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by ____ .
8.［2016•乙卷（全国Ⅰ）改错］Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steadily.
9.［2016•甲卷（全国Ⅱ）改错］If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.
10.［2016•丙卷(全国Ⅲ)改错］At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.
11.［2016•丙卷(全国Ⅲ)改错］At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.
12.［2015•新课标全国Ⅰ改错］We must find ways to protect your environment.

题组2不定代词
13.［2015•四川］Niki is always full of ideas, but ____ is useful to my knowledge.
14.［2015•重庆］The meeting will be held in September, but ____ knows the date for sure.
15.［2015•陕西］To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against ____.
16.［2014•四川］She'd lived in London and Manchester, but she liked ____ and moved to Cambridge．
17.［2014•安徽］You can ask anyone for help. ____ here is willing to lend you a hand.
18.［2014•重庆］A smile costs ____, but gives much.
19.［2014•江苏］Good families are much to all their members, but ____ to none.
20.［2013•江西］____ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn't love it.
21.［2013•新课标全国Ⅱ］It's an either-or situation — we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do ____ .
22.［2013•山东］I've lived in New York and Chicago, but don't like ____ of them very much.
23.［2012•江西］My brother would like to buy a good watch but ____ was available from that shop.
24.［2012•福建］—Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?
—＄4,000, or ____ like that.
25.［2012•新课标全国］Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but ____ of them wants to, because they have work to do.
26.［2012•重庆］—John, when shall we meet again, Thursday or Friday?
—____. I'll be off to London then.
27.［2016•甲卷（全国Ⅱ）改错］It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.
28.[2014•陕西改错]My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird. Neither of the arrows hit the target.

题组3替代词、指示代词
29.［2015•天津］The quality of education in this small school is better than ____ in some larger schools.
30.［2015•浙江］How would you like ____ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?
31.［2014•辽宁］Raise your leg and let ____ stay in the air for seconds.
32.［2014•广东］Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said ____ was a wonderful holiday destination.
33.［2014•陕西］I'd appreciate ____ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
34.［2014•山东］Susan made ____ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
35.［2013•辽宁］To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then ____ of her colleagues.
36.［2013•天津］At our factory there are a few machines similar to ____ described in this magazine.
37.［2013•浙江］Half of ____ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.
38.［2012•辽宁］If you're buying today's paper from the stand, could you get ____ for me?
39.［2012•浙江］Studying Wendy's menu, I found that many of the items are similar to ____ of McDonald's.

专题七 形容词和副词
2018年
题组1形容词的基本用法
1.[2018全国Ⅰ，69]Running is cheap, easy and it’s always (energy).
2.［2018全国Ⅱ，67］According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total
(globe) fertilizer consumption.
3.[2018浙江6月，62]The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be
(afford) but doing this most days adds up.
4.［2018全国Ⅰ改错］I felt happily that their life had improved.

题组2副词的基本用法
1.［2018全国Ⅱ，63］A taste for meat is (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
2.［2018全国Ⅰ改错］Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house...
3.［2018全国Ⅲ改错］Immediate, I raised my hand.

题组3形容词和副词的比较等级
1.［2018全国Ⅰ，61］According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years (long) than non-runners.
2.[2018全国Ⅲ，63]He screams the (loud) of all.
3.［2018浙江6月，63］There could be an even (high) cost on your health.
4.［2018全国Ⅲ改错］I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people.

2017年
题组1　
1.2017乙卷（全国I）However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes.
2.2017甲卷（全国II）The Central London Railway was one of the most 70 (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 〖ST〗1900.
3.2017江苏Only five years after Steve Jobs’ death, smart\|phones defeated （convention） PCs in sales.
4.2017江苏The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But （alternate） explanations are hard to find.
5.2017浙江But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 57 (shine) object.
6.2017乙卷（全国I） It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.
7.2017甲卷（全国II）In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, which is on the rooftop of their house.
8.2017丙卷（全国III） I enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums.
9. 2017丙卷（全国III）I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the latest music albums.
题组2
10.2017丙卷（全国III）It is 50 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model any more."
11.2017甲卷（全国II） ...it must have been 66 (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
12.2017乙卷（全国I）A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car.
13.2017甲卷（全国II）They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.
14.2017甲卷（全国II）Beside, they often get some useful information from the Internet.
题组3
全国I，66
15.2017乙卷（全国I）Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
16.2017浙江Sixteen years 60 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 to cook a meal.

2012—2016年
题组1 形容词的基本用法
1.［2016·浙江］I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend
(many)more in the coming years.
2.［2015·福建］It was (consider) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.
3.［2015·安徽］I’m so (gratitude) to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.
4.［2015·湖北］Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be (punctuality).
5.［2015·浙江］Listening is thus an active, not a (passivity), behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.
6.［2014·新课标全国Ⅱ］There were many people waiting at the bus stop, (and) some of them looked very anxious and (disappoint).
7.［2014·辽宁］I cannot control my body well. My legs become (pain).
8. ［2014·湖北］What was so (impress) about Jasmine Westland’s victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed.
9.［2014·湖北］Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a
(tolerance) smile and let him go.
10.［2014·安徽］My good performance in the job interview left me (optimism) about my future and about what I can do here.
11.［2013·湖北］People complain that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often
(arbitrarily) rather than based on fixed criteria.
12.［2013·湖北］He didn’t selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle. Instead, he made a (generously) contribution to help the community.
13.［2013·福建］The Forbidden City attracts a (constantly) stream of visitors every day, especially during national holidays.
14.［2013·安徽］David is (allergy) to animal fur, so he won’t visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house.
15.［2012·山东］Be (reason) — you can’t expect me to finish all this work in so little time.
16.［2012·天津］The secretary arranged a(n) (convenience) time and place for the applicants to have an interview.
17.［2016·丙卷(全国Ⅲ)改错］At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.
18.［2015·新课标全国Ⅰ改错］Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.
19.［2015·新课标全国Ⅰ改错］Much rare animals are dying out.
20.［2014·新课标全国Ⅰ改错］The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste.
21.［2014·新课标全国Ⅰ改错］There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors.
22.［2014·新课标全国Ⅱ改错］We didn’t need to do so many homework.
23.［2014·新课标全国Ⅱ改错］The teachers here are kind and helpfully.
题组2 副词的基本用法
24.［2016·乙卷（全国Ⅰ）］From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be
(official)given to me at a ceremony in London.
25.［2016·甲卷（全国Ⅱ）］Recent studies(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks (regular).
26.［2016·丙卷(全国Ⅲ)］Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which
(gradual) turned into chopsticks.
27.［2016·浙江］A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, （especial）if you are travelling at high speed.
28.［2016·四川］Chinese scientists (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.
29.［2015·新课标全国Ⅰ］A few hours , I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with(its)(it) choking smog.
30.［2015·新课标全国Ⅱ］Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house.
31.［2015·安徽］They gave money to the old people’s home either (personal) or through their companies.
32.［2014·新课标全国Ⅰ］The river was so polluted that it (actual) caught fire and burned.
33.［2014·浙江］The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others (blind).
34.［2014·湖北］Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said (sharp), "Don’t be so mean," pointing a finger of warning at her.
35.［2014·江西］Thanks for your directions to the house; we wouldn’t have found it .
36.［2013·湖北］Don’t defend him any more. It’s obvious that he (deliberate) destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology.
37.［2013·福建］Those poor and needy teenagers were excited to find a shop at the corner where they could buy (afford) priced bikes.
38.［2013·浙江］If we leave right away, (hopeful) we’ll arrive on time.
39.［2012·湖北］"Perhaps we need to send for Dr. Smith to see what we can do about it," Father suggested (tentative) to his neighbor who had come to discuss the problem.
40.［2012·辽宁］We used to see each other (regular), but I haven’t heard from him since last year.
41.［2012·福建］Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be (equal) respected.
42.［2016·乙卷（全国Ⅰ）改错］Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady.
43.［2016·丙卷(全国Ⅲ)改错］However, my parents didn’t seem to think such.
44.［2015·新课标全国Ⅱ改错］Dad and I were terrible worried.
45.［2014·新课标全国Ⅰ改错］Nearly five years before, and with the help of our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (圣女果) in our back garden.
46.［2014·新课标全国Ⅰ改错］As a result, the plants are growing somewhere.
题组 3 形容词和副词的比较等级
47.［2016·甲卷（全国Ⅱ）］If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of (great) and less importance.
48.［2015·四川］Andy is content with the toy. It is (good) he has ever got.
49.［2014·新课标全国Ⅰ］Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is
(clean) than ever.
50.［2014·大纲］Raymond’s parents wanted him to have (good) possible education.
51.［2013·新课标全国Ⅱ］It may not be a great suggestion. But before a (good) one is put forward, we’ll make do with it.
52.［2013·天津］I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time — there are
(meaningful) things to do.
53.［2013·辽宁］This is by far (inspiring) movie that I have ever seen.
54.［2012·新课标全国］The result is not very important to us, but if we do win, then so much the
(good).
55.［2012·上海春］After the accident, we are (concerned) with the safety of school buses than we used to be.
56.［2012·北京］Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs
(much).
57.［2016·丙卷(全国Ⅲ)改错］They were also the best and worse years in my life.
58.[2016·四川改错]The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favoritiest.
59.[2013·浙江改错] To make matters bad, now I have to share a room with my younger sister, Maggie.
题组4 倍数表达法
60.[2013·安徽]It’s said that the power plant is now twice large as what it was.
61.[2013·江西改错]There are a small number of people involved, possibly as little as twenty.
专题八 特殊句式
2018年
题组2强调
1.[2018天津，14]It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house we saw Lily in the passenger seat.

题组3其他句式
1.［2018北京，8］In any unsafe situation, simply （press）the button and a highly trained agent will get you the help you need.

2017年
题组2
1.2017天津It was when I got back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbors.
题组3
2.2017乙卷（全国I）The instructor kept repeating the words, "Speed up!" "Slow down!" "Turning left!"
2012—2016年
题组1 倒装
1.［2016·江苏］Not until recently they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
2.［2015·天津］Only when Lily walked into the office she realize that she had left the contract at home.
3.［2015·湖南］Only after talking to two students I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.
4.［2014·湖南］Only when you can find peace in your heart you keep good relationships with others.
5.［2014·陕西］No sooner Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.
6.［2013·江西］Only when he apologizes for his rudeness I speak to him again.
7.［2013·福建］Not until he went through real hardship he realize the love we have for our families is important.
8.［2013·湖南］Not once it occur to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.
9.［2012·江西］Never before she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.
10.［2012·重庆］The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor he even give it a thought.
11.［2012·天津］Only after Mary read her composition the second time she notice the spelling mistake.
12.［2012·辽宁］Not until he retired from teaching three years ago he consider having a holiday abroad.
13.［2012·四川］This is not my story, nor it the whole story. My story plays out differently.

题组2强调
14.［2016·天津］You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel the coach picks up tourists.
15.［2015·湖南］It was when we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
16.［2015·重庆］Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century his musical gift was fully recognized.
17.［2014·福建］It was the culture, rather than the language, made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
18.［2014·湖南］It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do makes life happy.
19.［2013·新课标全国Ⅱ］It was only after he had read the papers Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.
20.［2013·天津］It was not until near the end of the letter she mentioned her own plan.
21.［2012·重庆］It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.
22.［2012·湖南］It was not until I came here I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
23.［2012·上海］—Was it by cutting down staff she saved the firm?
—No, it was by improving work efficiency.
题组3 其他句式
24.［2016·甲卷（全国Ⅱ）］It could be anything — gardening, cooking, music, sports — but whatever it is, (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
25.［2015·湖南］Always (keep) in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.
26.［2015·北京］If (accept)for the job, you’ll be informed soon.
27.［2015·湖南］Video games can be a poor influence if (leave) in the wrong hands.
28.［2014·福建］The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, ever, reaching 30℃ in summer.
29.［2014·重庆］—I spent two weeks in London last summer.
—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, you?
30.［2014·北京］ (observe) carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.
31.［2013·湖南］Every day (read) a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.
32.［2013·江西］If (ask) to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.
33.［2012·重庆］Before you quit your job, (consider) how your family would feel about your decision.
34.［2012·新课标全国］Film has a much shorter history, especially when (compare) to such art forms as music and painting.
35.［2012·江苏］There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, there?
36.［2014·新课标全国Ⅱ改错］They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.
专题九 定语从句
2018年
题组1关系代词引导的定语从句
1.［2018 全国Ⅰ，66］Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014
showed a mere five to ten minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
2.［2018 全国Ⅱ，69］The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government started a soil-testing program gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
3.[2018北京，5]She and her family bicycle to work, helps them keep fit.
4.［2018浙江6月，57］Many westerners come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
5.[2018天津，2]Kate, sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.

题组2关系副词引导的定语从句
1.［2018 江苏，23］Self-driving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
2.［2018 全国Ⅰ改错］They also had a small pond which they raised fish.

2017年
题组1
1.2017乙卷（全国I）Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.
2.2017丙卷（全国III）But Sarah, 44 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
3.2017江苏 In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
4.2017北京The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
5.2017天津My eldest son， work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
6.2017甲卷（全国II）In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.
7.2017丙卷（全国III）Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.

题组2
8.2017浙江Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden,[ 64 it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.
2012—2016年

题组1 关系代词引导的定语从句
1.［2016·丙卷(全国Ⅲ)］Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,
lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development (develop) of chopsticks.
2.［2016·北京］I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.
3.［2016·江苏］Many young people, most of were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
4.［2015·安徽］Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.
5.［2015·江苏］The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
6.［2015·四川］The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
7.［2015·重庆］He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of were published in the 1990s.
8.［2015·福建］China Today attracts a worldwide readership, shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
9.［2014·山东］A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
10.［2014·江西］Among the many dangers sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.
11.［2014·安徽］The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
12.［2014·重庆］We’ll reach the sales targets in a month we set at the beginning of the year.
13.［2014·四川］Until now,we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, is quite unexpected．
14.［2014·北京］I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, my classmates recommended to me.
15.［2014·陕西］Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position.
16.［2013·福建］The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected.
17.［2013·江苏］The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
18.［2013·山东］There is no simple answer, is often the case in science.
19.［2013·湖南］Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths.
20.［2013·山东］Finally he reached a lonely island was completely cut off from the outside world.
21.［2013·重庆］John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members.
22.［2013·天津］We have launched another man made satellite, is announced in today’s newspaper.
23.［2012·天津］I wish to thank Professor Smith, without help I would never have got this far.
24.［2012·山东］Maria has written two novels,both of have been made into television series.
25.［2012·大纲全国Ⅱ］That evening, I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.
26.［2012·江西］By 16:30, was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.
27.[2016·四川改错]The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favorite.

题组2关系副词引导的定语从句
28.［2016·乙卷（全国Ⅰ）］But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, I was the first Western TV reporter...
29.［2016·天津］We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.
30.［2015·北京］Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, you can hear some lovely music.
31.［2015·陕西］As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.
32.［2015·天津］The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.
33.［2014·江苏］The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work
a good impression is a must.
34.［2014·福建］Students should involve themselves in community activities they can gain experience for growth.
35.［2014·湖南］I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
36.［2014·浙江］I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.
37.［2013·新课标全国Ⅱ］When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house I would be staying.
38. ［2013·四川］Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment they live.
39. ［2013·江西］He wrote a letter he explained what had happened in the accident.
40.［2013·北京］Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected.
41.［2013·浙江］The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform
visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
42.［2012·浙江］We live in an age more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
题组3 "介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句
43.［2016·浙江］Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of has been proved.
44.［2015·浙江］Creating an atmosphere in employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
45.［2014·天津］English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of uses it differently.
46.［2013·浙江］The children,all of had played the whole day long,were worn out.
47.［2013·辽宁］He may win the competition, in case he is likely to get into the national team.
48.［2012·湖南］Care of the soul is a gradual process in even the small details of life should be considered.

专题十 名词性从句
2018年
题组1宾语从句
1.[2018全国Ⅲ，61]I’m not sure is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
2.[2018天津，9]The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race.

题组3表语从句
1.[2018江苏，21]By boat is the only way to get here, which is we arrived.
2.[2018北京，11]Without his support, we wouldn’t be we are now.
3.[2018北京，15]This is my father has taught me —to always face difficulties and hope for the best.

2017年
题组1 宾语从句
1.［2017·北京］Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street, not knowing she was heading.
2.［2017·江苏］We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to＄20, half of it used to charge.
3.［2017·天津］She asked me I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.

题组2 主语从句
1.［2017·北京］Every year, makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.

2012——2016年
题组1 宾语从句
1.［2015·福建］—I wonder Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
—By working out every day.
2.［2015·陕西］Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
3.［2015·重庆］We must find out Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.
4.［2015·湖南］You have to know you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
5.［2015·北京］I truly believe beauty comes from within.
6.［2015·四川］The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.
7.［2014·山东］It is difficult for us to imagine life was like for slaves in the ancient world.
8.［2014·福建］Pick yourself up. Courage is doing you’re afraid to do.
9.［2013·湖南］Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell close you may be to victory.
10.［2013·北京］Experts believe people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.
11.［2013·新课标全国Ⅰ］Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue.
12.［2013·山东］It’s good to know the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.
13.［2012·北京］Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt he could have expressed it differently.
14.［2012·辽宁］The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for he could find about Mark Twain.
15.［2012·福建］We promise attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
16.［2012·四川］Scientists study human brains work to make computers.
17.［2016·乙卷（全国Ⅰ）改错］My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.
18.［2016·甲卷（全国Ⅱ）改错］My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.
19.［2015·新课标全国Ⅱ改错］After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.

题组2主语从句
20.［2016·北京］Your support is important to our work. you can do helps.
21.［2016·江苏］It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
22.［2015·北京］ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
23.［2015·江苏］ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.
24.［2014·天津］I think impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.
25.［2014·大纲］Exactly the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
26.［2014·北京］Some people believe has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
27.［2014·陕西］ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
28. ［2013·四川］ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
29.［2013·陕西］It remains to be seen the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.
30.［2013·重庆］ struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.
31.［2013·江西］ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.
32.［2013·北京］ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
33.［2013·天津］ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
34.［2012·江西］It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office.
35.［2012·天津］It doesn’t matter you turn right or left at the crossing — both roads lead to the park.
36.［2012·湖南］Everyone in the village is very friendly.It doesn’t matter you have lived there for a short or a long time.
37.［2012·新课标全国］It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.
38.［2012·安徽］The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but
he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.
题组3 表语从句
39.［2016·北京］The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust.
40.［2015·安徽］A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ships are built for.
41.［2014·湖南］As John Lennon once said, life is happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
42.［2014·四川］Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, "That’s I was born．"
43.［2014·浙江］"Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea." This is my mother used to tell me.
44.［2014·北京］The best moment for the football star was he scored the winning goal.
45.［2014·江苏］—What a mess! You are always so lazy!
—I’m not to blame, mum. I am you have made me.
46.［2013·安徽］From space, the earth looks blue. This is about seventy-one percent of its　surface is covered by water.
题组4 同位语从句
47.［2016·天津］The manager put forward a suggestion we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
48.［2013·浙江］The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
专题十一 并列连词和状语从句
2018年
题组1并列连词
1.［2018全国Ⅰ改错］ At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, but he agreed.
2.[2018全国Ⅲ改错]Everyone was silent, waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.

题组2时间状语从句
1.［2018全国Ⅱ改错］The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.

题组3条件状语从句
1.[2018江苏，29] you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
2.[2018北京，2] we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.

题组5其他状语从句
1.[2018天津，4]Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend that they get sweet enough to be eaten.

2017年
题组1 并列连词
1.［2017·北京］—Peter, please send us postcards we’ll know where you have visited.—No problem.
2.［2017·乙卷（全国Ⅰ）改错］Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank. 
3.［2017·丙卷(全国Ⅲ)改错］I have grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.

题组2 时间状语从句
1.［2017·北京］If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people you figure it out.

题组4 让步状语从句
1.［2017·北京］ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.

题组5 其他状语从句
1.［2017·浙江］Pahlsson screamed loudly that her daughter came running from the house.
2.［2017·江苏］Located the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.

2012——2016年
题组1并列连词
1.［2016·丙卷(全国Ⅲ)］In much of Asia, especially the so-called "rice bowl" cultures of China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
2.［2016·四川］It was time for her to have a new baby, it was also time for the young panda to be independent.
3.［2015·北京］He is a shy man, he is not afraid of anything or anyone.
4.［2014·北京］Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, plants can spread to new places.
5.［2014·天津］Give me a chance, I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.
6.［2013·重庆］It’s not easy to change habits, with awareness and self-control, it is possible.
7.［2013·北京］Don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs, you could have problems.
8.［2013·新课标全国Ⅰ］There’s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery
another man, also intelligent, fails.
9.［2013·新课标全国Ⅱ］ I was glad to meet Jenny again, I didn’t want to spend all day with her.
10.［2013·四川］Read this story, you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.
11.［2012·四川］At school, some students are active some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.
12.［2012·浙江］Mike was usually so careful, this time he made a small mistake.
13.［2012·新课标全国］You have to move out of the way the truck cannot get past you.
14.［2016·乙卷（全国Ⅰ）改错］Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area.
15.［2016·乙卷（全国Ⅰ）改错］Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking.
16.［2016·甲卷（全国Ⅱ）改错］If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.
17.［2015·新课标全国Ⅰ改错］There the air is clean or the mountains are green.
题组2 时间状语从句
18.［2016·丙卷(全国Ⅲ)］Over time, the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
19.［2016·天津］ the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.
20.［2015·天津］We need to get to the root of the problem we can solve it.
21.［2015·重庆］If you miss this chance, it may be years you get another one.
22.［2015·四川］There is only one more day to go your favorite music group play live.
23.［2015·北京］ the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.
24.［2015·陕西］I believe you will have a wonderful time here you get to know everyone else.
25.［2014·江西］It was the middle of the night my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.
26.［2014·陕西］The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left I could ask for their names.
27.［2014·天津］ you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier.
28.［2013·湖南］You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason you reach any decision.
29.［2013·安徽］It’s much easier to make friends you have similar interests.
30.［2013·山东］ I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start.
31.［2013·陕西］I have heard a lot of good things about you I came back from abroad.
32.［2012·山东］He smiled politely Mary apologized for her drunken friends.
33.[2015·陕西改错]My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.
题组3条件状语从句
34.［2015·江苏］It is so cold that you can’t go outside fully covered in thick clothes.
35.［2014·湖南］You will never gain success you are fully devoted to your work.
36.［2014·四川］I’ll be out for some time. In anything important happens, call me up immediately．
37.［2013·重庆］ we have enough evidence, we can’t win the case.
38.［2013·江西］She says that she’ll have to close the shop business improves.
39.［2012·福建］It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties it gets more financial support from the European Union.
40.［2012·江西］You can borrow my car long as you promise not to drive too fast.
题组4让步状语从句
41.［2016·北京］My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, he’s in his nineties.
42.［2016·浙江］ online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.
43.［2015·湖南］ the job takes a significant amount of time, most students agree that the experience is worth it.
44.［2015·福建］ the students came from different countries, they got along quite well in the summer camp.
45.［2014·山东］I don’t really like the author, I have to admit his books are very exciting.
46.［2014·北京］Even the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year.
47.［2014·江苏］Lessons can be learned to face the future, history cannot be changed.
48.［2013·辽宁］One can always manage to do more things, no matter full one’s schedule is in life.
49.［2013·四川］He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son even he wants to.
50. ［2013·天津］ small,the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.
51.［2012·湖南］ I always felt I would pass the exam,I never thought I would get an A.
52.［2012·湖南］ hard you try,it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
53.［2012·新课标全国］I don’t believe we’ve met before, I must say you do look familiar.
54.［2012·北京］—Look at those clouds!
—Don’t worry. Even it rains, we’ll still have a great time.
55.［2012·陕西］Hot the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
题组5 其他状语从句
56.［2016·北京］I really enjoy listening to music it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.
57.［2015·浙江］Just a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.
58.［2015·安徽］ he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.
59.［2014·浙江］Cathy had quit her job when her son was born she could stay home and raise her family.
60.［2014·重庆］Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn’t get a taxi the bus had dropped her.
61.［2013·山东］Mark needs to learn Chinese his company is opening a branch in Beijing.
62.［2013·江苏］In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world.
63.［2012·天津］Everything was placed exactly he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.
64.［2012·重庆］—Coach, can I continue with the training?
—Sorry, you can’t you haven’t recovered from the knee injury.
65.［2012·四川］If you happen to get lost in the wild, you’d better stay you are and wait for help.
66.［2012·辽宁］Leave your key with your neighbor case you lock yourself out one day.
67.［2015·新课标全国Ⅱ改错］He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.
专题十二 情态动词和虚拟语气
2018年
题组1情态动词的基本用法
1.[2018北京，12]In today’s information age, the loss of data cause serious problems for a company.
2.[2018江苏，24]It’s strange that he have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
3.[2018全国Ⅱ改错]As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I... my parents would not to let me.

题组2"情态动词+have done"的用法
1.[2018天津，10]I can’t find my purse. I （leave）it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure.

题组3虚拟语气
1.[2018北京，13]They might have found a better hotel if they （drive）a few more kilometers.
2.[2018江苏，27]There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I （have）a second chance to become more involved.
3.[2018天津，15]If we (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.

2017年
题组1 情态动词的基本用法
1.［2017·北京］Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, easily reach the books on the top shelf.
2. ［2017·天津］My room is a mess, but I clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.

题组3 虚拟语气
1.［2017·天津］—Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I (be) able to reach her yesterday.
2.［2017·北京］If the new safety system (put) to use, the accident would never have happened.

2012——2016年
题组1 情态动词的基本用法
1.［2016·天津］It was really annoying; I get access to the data bank you had recommended.
2.［2016·北京］I love the weekend, because I get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
3.［2015·重庆］You be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.
4.［2015·浙江］It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak.
5.［2015·四川］You be careful with the camera. It costs!
6.［2015·陕西］You feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.
7.［2014·四川］I still remember my happy childhood when my mother take me to Disneyland at weekends．
8.［2014·重庆］I’ve ordered some pizza, so we worry about cooking when we get home tired.
9.［2014·江西］Life is unpredictable; even the poorest become the richest.
10.［2014·北京］ I have a word with you? It won’t take long.
11.［2013·江西］When I was a child, I watch TV whenever I wanted to.
12.［2013·天津］No one be more generous; he has a heart of gold.
13.［2013·安徽］It be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.
14.［2013·新课标全国Ⅰ］The door open, no matter how hard she pushed.
15.［2013·重庆］—What are you doing this Saturday?
—I’m not sure, but I go to the Rolling Stones concert.
16.［2012·辽宁］One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school.
17.［2012·新课标全国］I use a clock to wake me up because at six o’clock each morning the train comes by my house.
18.［2012·上海春］You bring your identification when you open a bank account.
19.［2012·重庆］— you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone?
—Sorry Sir, but it’s urgent.
20.［2012·大纲全国Ⅱ］I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I find the money.
21.［2012·四川］I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said "Ni Hao," just as I
do in China.
22.［2016·甲卷（全国Ⅱ）改错］We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.
23.［2015·新课标全国Ⅰ改错］We must found ways to protect our environment.
24.［2014·新课标全国Ⅱ改错］We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening to music.
题组2 "情态动词+have done"的用法
25.［2015·天津］I have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
26.［2015·福建］—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it’s too bad. You have made full preparations.
27.［2014·陕西］My book, The House of Hades, is missing. Who have taken it?
28.［2013·新课标全国Ⅱ］Since nobody gave him any help, he have done the research on his own.
29.［2013·陕西］The children (get) lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.
30.［2013·浙江］I (enjoy) myself more — it was a perfect day.
题组3 虚拟语气
31.［2016·天津］I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I (injure).
32.［2016·北京］Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you （tell）me, I could have helped.
33.［2015·安徽］It is lucky we booked a room, or we (have)nowhere to stay now.
34.［2015·陕西］Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I (dance) as well as her.
35.［2015·北京］If I (see) it with my own eyes, I wouldn’t have believed it.
36.［2015·重庆］Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway (write)his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
37.［2014·湖南］If Mr.Dewey (be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
38.［2014·陕西］We would rather our daughter (stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
39.［2014·浙江］They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they (come) to our help.
40.［2014·重庆］It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I (do) it?
41.［2014·天津］ (catch) the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.
42.［2013·重庆］—It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella.
—Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we (have).
43.［2013·江苏］I should not have laughed if I (think) you were serious.
44.［2013·浙江］Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam (be) at the age of six months old.
45.［2012·陕西］If my car (be) more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.
46.［2012·安徽］Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she (live) there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often.
47.［2012·天津］We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold (offer) us a ride home.
48.［2012·山东］If we (make) adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful.
49.［2016·甲卷（全国Ⅱ）改错］Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.
50.[2015·四川改错]What do you think I should do? If you are me, would you talk to him?


动词的时态和语态及情态动词、虚拟语气
一、2020年高考真题
1.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）【答案】touched
【解析】考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。

3. （2020·新课标I卷语法填空）
67.【答案】means
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。
68．【答案】is constructed
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。

4. （2020·新课标I卷短文改错）
【答案】将to去掉
【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意：并且我认为它一定很简单。must是情态动词，后接动词原形，to多余，故将to去掉。

4．（2020·新课标II卷短文改错）
【答案】start→started
【解析】考查时态。句意：事实上，我七岁时就开始学功夫了。分析句子，此处动词start讲述的是7岁的时候，动词应该用过去时。故将start改为started。

5. （2020·新课标III卷语法填空）
【答案】be chosen
【解析】考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。

6. （2020·新课标III卷语法填空）
【答案】pointed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。

7.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）
【答案】was needed
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。

7. （2020·浙江卷语法填空）
【答案】had discovered
【解析】考查时态。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到……为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.

8. （2020·浙江卷语法填空）
【答案】meant
【解析】考查时态。句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子，主句部分无其他动词，故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。

10.（2020·山东卷语法填空）
【答案】formed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。

11.（2020·山东卷语法填空）
【答案】are called
【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。

12．（2020·天津卷单项填空）
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干净整洁。A. must必须；B. can能，可以；C. need需要；D. should应该。根据后面的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，Jim许可我们待在他的房子里，即:我们”能，可以”待在他的房子里。故选B。

13．（2020·天津卷单项填空）
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：——你游泳很棒。——谢谢。这是因为这些天我一直在练习。根据时间状语these days(这些天)可知，“练习游泳”从数天前开始，一直持续到现在，因此该句应用现在完成进行时态。故选A。

14．（2020·天津卷单项填空）
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:20世纪90年代初，医学院的数量达到了18所，此后一直保持在这个水平。ever since“从那以后”作时间状语，句子用现在完成时态。主语为the number of medical schools，the number of表示“……的数目”，中心词是number，所以是单数，作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。综上，故选D。

15.（2020·江苏卷单项填空）
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：如果你从各个方面看问题，你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。句子描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时；此处是定语从句谓语动词，先行词是a solution，从句谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故选C。

16.（2020·江苏卷单项填空）
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:他没有像我所期望的那样着手做新工作，而是又检查了一遍以前的工作。此处描述的动作发生在examined之前，属于“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时。故选A。


动词的时态和语态及情态动词、虚拟语气
一、2019年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】
【答案】B
【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。本句主语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。

2.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】
【答案D
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：他到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在had arrived之后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选D。

3.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。

4.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选B。

5.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】
【答案】A
【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我本来计划在Peter结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。第二个分句中“couldn’t”用的是一般过去时，它之前的动作用过去完成时。故选A。

6.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查时态和语态。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last week可知应用过去时，排除选项A和B。as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正的主语是Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。故选C。

7.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。

9.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】
【答案】are
【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。

10.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】
【答案】B
【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。

11.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】
【答案】are
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。

12.【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】
【解析】考查一般过去时。本篇文章使用的全是一般过去时，且与最后一句并列的“one was that…”用的也是一般过去时，所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去时。讲述当时做决定时的原因。故将is改为was。

13.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】【答案】recommended。
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。

14. 【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】
【答案】were invited。
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。





专题一 动词的时态语态和主谓一致
2018年
题组1一般时
1.is根据语境可知，此处叙述的是客观情况，且宾语从句与主句的时态应保持一致，因此用一般现在时；宾语从句中的主语为it,故填is。
2.started分析句子结构可知，空处在定语从句中作谓语，根据关系副词when所指代的主句的时间状语2005可知，此处表示过去的动作，应用一般过去时，故填started。
3.meant空处所在句句意：这头庞然大物对我没有真正的恶意，这与大猩猩没有攻击性的天性相符。根据前一句的"frightened""was"可知，此处叙述的是过去的事情，故应用一般过去时。
4.started句意：——嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗?我没在附近见过你。——你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我星期一才开始在这里。根据语境及时间状语on Monday可知，此处用一般过去时，表示过去某一特定的时间发生的事。
5.are→were根据句中的"didnt""entered"可知，此处叙述的是过去的事情，因此 realize后面的宾语从句也应用过去的时态，故将are改为were。

题组2 进行时
1.was working句意：苏珊辞去了她的高薪工作，去年我拜访她时，她正在社区做义工。根据语境可知，此处表示过去的某个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行或发生，所以用过去进行时。

题组3完成时
1.has grown由句中的时间状语Since 2011可知，此空应用现在完成时。
2.have grown句意：在过去的几年中，中国的高速铁路已经从9 000千米增加到25 000千米。根据句中的时间状语"in the past few years"可知，此处应用现在完成时。
3.begin→begun根据语境可知，此处为过去完成时，故应将begin改为begun。

题组5将来时
1.will have developed句意：2025年，我们有望不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时我们将已经开发更加便利的电子通讯工具。根据句中的时间状语2025与by then可知,空处应用将来完成时。

题组6被动语态
1.had been trapped句意：一名救援人员冒着生命危险救出了两名被困在山里两天的游客。分析句子结构可知，空处在定语从句中作谓语，且trap与先行词tourists之间为动宾关系，此处应用被动语态；又因为此处表示在过去动作risked his life之前完成的动作，即"过去的过去"，所以用过去完成时的被动语态。
2.is being repaired句意：这个星期我的洗衣机在维修，因此我不得不用手洗衣服了。语境表示现阶段正在进行的动作，而且washing machine与repair为动宾关系，故此处应用现在进行时的被动语态。
3.was shocked根据语境可知，此处表示"我很震惊"，shock与主语Ⅰ为被动关系，同时根据后面的learnt可知，时态为一般过去时，所以填was shocked。
4.had been carried本句中主句的时态是一般过去时，因此从句中应该使用过去的某种时态；根据句中的时间状语in the past two years可知，应使用完成时态；又因plan与carry out为动宾关系，故应用被动语态。因此空处应用过去完成时的被动语态。

题组7主谓一致
1.include→includes该句为一般现在时，且此处主语为that，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

2017年
题组1 一般时
1.is 考查时态和主谓一致。此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时；分析句子结构可知，该句缺少谓语动词，又因主语为Fast food，故填is。
2.managed 考查动词时态。因为engineers与manage之间为主动关系，而且是发生在过去的事情，所以填managed。
3.comes 考查动词时态。全文均为现在时，且school是第三人称单数，故填comes。
【易错点拨】动词如果使用一般现在时，要注意主语是不是第三人称单数。此题容易误填come。
4.searched 考查动词的时态。根据本段的基本时态为一般过去时及语境可知，此处应用一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作，故填searched。
5.have 句意：人们比以前更容易得到医疗保障，因此现在人们的寿命更长。根据句意以及句中的关键信息than they used to可知，此处表示现在与过去的对比，所以空处用一般现在时。
6.goes→went 考查时态。本文讲述作者18岁生日后的那个暑假发生的事情，且通篇以过去时为主。此处应用一般过去时，故把goes改为went。
7.came →comes 考查动词时态。因为主句部分为一般将来时态，所以此处的时间状语从句应使用一般现在时表将来意义。
8.become→became 考查动词时态。"我"进入高中第二学年并成为学校音乐俱乐部的新成员这一系列动作发生在过去，所以谓语动词应用became。

题组2 进行时
1.was driving 句意：我正开车去伦敦，这时突然发现自己走错了路。这里使用了固定句式be doing sth. when...，表示"正在做某事时突然……"，此时主句用过去进行时，when后面的句子用一般过去时，因此填was driving。

题组3 完成时
1.had→have 考查时态。由时间状语"in the past few years"可知，此处强调的是发生在过去的动作对现在的影响，故应用现在完成时。

题组6 被动语态
1.are removed 考查时态和语态。本文的主体时态为一般现在时，此处亦应用一般现在时；又fat and salt是动词remove的承受者，应用被动语态。所以此处填are removed。
2.were used 考查动词时态和语态。因为是介绍1863年的事情，而且Steam engines与use之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were used。
3.has been told/was told 考查动词时态和语态。此处动词tell与Sarah是被动关系，因为第二段在讲述父亲和Sarah的想法时都是用现在时，因此可以用现在完成时表达过去对现在的影响，故可以填has been told。此外，"被告知"这件事情发生在过去，故也可填was told。
4.hadn't been invented 句意：20世纪50年代，在美国大多数家庭家里只有一个电话，那时无线电话还没有被发明。根据句意以及句中的关键词In the 1950s和yet可知，空处用过去完成时；且wireless phones是动词invent发出的动作的承受者，所以使用过去完成时的被动语态。
5.was being followed 句意：他匆匆回家，一次也没有回头看看是否正被跟踪。根据"hurried"及句意判断本题应该使用过去进行时的被动语态。
【易错点拨】本题易误填had been followed，错误的原因是没有弄清楚动作的先后顺序。had been followed是过去完成时的被动语态，但语境表明，跟踪的动作并非早于主句的动作发生，因此不能填had been followed。
6.is regarded 句意：如今，与慢跑和游泳一样，骑自行车被看作一种最好的全能运动形式。本句谓语与主语之间是被动关系，表示"被看作"，应该用被动语态；句子主语部分是A along with B结构，因此谓语应在人称和数上与A保持一致，即用单数形式。
7.took→taken 考查语态。photo与take为被动关系，故应用被动语态。take的过去分词是taken。

题组7 主谓一致
1.was 分析句子结构可知，which指代Great Expectations这本书, 故定语从句中的谓语动词应该使用单数形式；根据句中的strengthened可知，应使用一般过去时态。

2012——2016年

题组1一般时
1.was allowed 考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，主语I与动词allow之间存在被动关系，且前一句的"was"表明此处应用一般过去时，故填was allowed。
2.arrived 考查动词时态。主句为过去进行时，因此when连接的时间状语从句应用一般过去时，故本空填arrived。
3.were 根据句中的"and still are" 可知，空处应该指价格过去也很高。故用一般过去时。
4.asked 句意：当我问"现在你希望我做什么？"时，我掩饰不住内心的急切。when引导时间状语从句；通过"I wasn't able to hide my eagerness"的时态可知，ask这个动作发生在过去，故填asked。
5.don't 句意：那就是我帮助人们天天心情愉快的原因。如果你不去做，谁又会说有其他人会去做呢？主句"who's to say that another person will"用了一般将来时，If引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来，故填don't。
6.changed 依据答语中的"No"可知，他在最后一刻改变了主意。语境表明change这一动作已经发生， 故用一般过去时。
7.was 前句有时间状语In 1969，因此此处描述的是过去的情况。故用一般过去时，本空填was。
8.buy 句意：无论何时你购买礼物，你都应该从接收者的角度去考虑这个礼物。根据句意可知，该句叙述的是一般的客观情况，故此处的让步状语从句中应用一般现在时。
9.forget 在时间状语从句中应该用一般现在时表示将来。
【易错点拨】如果不知道时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句中动词的时态应该用一般现在时表将来，则很容易误填will forget。
10.stayed 此处与前半句中的went相呼应，表示过去的动作，所以用一般过去时。
【易错点拨】受时间段状语for one year的影响，本题容易误填had stayed。问句使用的是现在完成时，而不是过去完成时。
11.advertised 根据题干中的"I'm calling"可知，时间的定位为现在，空格处为定语从句的谓语动词，根据其中的时间状语the other day可知，此处应用一般过去时。
【易错点拨】本题易误用过去完成时，过去完成时表示"过去的过去"，而本句中没有过去的某个时间作为参照点。
12.went 句意：回到家时我感觉非常累，于是就直接去睡觉了。"回家"和"直接去睡觉"都是过去发生的动作，因此用一般过去时。
13.takes 句意：在星期一的早上，开车上班通常要花费我一个小时，虽然实际距离仅仅有20英里。根据句意可判断出，这里叙述的是经常性的情况，所以用一般现在时。
14.bothers 句意：每晚两点左右，Sue就开始说梦话。这弄得我们有点儿烦。根据"every night"可知，此处指经常发生的动作；句中的will是情态动词，表示习惯发生的动作。故此处用一般现在时。
15.was 句意：我原以为我不会喜欢这部电影，但是实际上它非常好。根据句意及句中的didn't可知，此处指的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。
16.shows 句意："人生就像在雪中走路，"奶奶过去经常说，"因为每一步都留有足迹。"本句叙述的是客观事实，所以用一般现在时。此处show用作不及物动词，意为"露出，显出"。
17.travel(l)ed 句意：去年夏天，我们三人在欧洲旅行了一个月左右。根据句中的"last summer"可知用一般过去时。
18.had→have 考查时态。 整篇文章都是以现在时态写的， 所以需将一般过去时改为一般现在时。
19.thought→think 考查动词的时态。全文的时态均以一般现在时为主，故此处应用一般现在时。
20.tell→told 考查语篇中时态的一致性。全文中心时态为一般过去时，故应将tell改为told。
21.think→thought 前两句是回忆童年的事情，因此应用一般过去时，把think改为thought。
22.begun→began 这里是对过去发生的事情的客观叙述，应用一般过去时，故应把begun改为began。
23.telling→told 此处and连接的两个先后发生的动作在时态上应保持一致，故应把telling改为told。
24.didn't→don't 考查动词时态。文章主体时态为一般现在时，此处表示"我们（每天）不需要做如此多的家庭作业"，所以要用一般现在时。故把didn't改为don't。
题组2进行时
25.will be teaching 句意：今天下午三点Jane不能出席会议，因为那时她将正在上课。由时间状语"at 3 o'clock this afternoon"和"at that time"可知，空处表示的是将来某个时刻正在进行的动作，故用将来进行时。
26.was looking 句意：他一定感觉到了我正在看着他。他突然瞥了我一眼，轻轻地说，"你为什么那样盯着我？"must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，that引导的宾语从句应用过去时态。由句意可知，他感觉到的时候我应该是正在看他。
27.was coming 前一句说James已经到了，然后用but语意一转说直到昨天才知道他要来，据此可知应该填表示将来含义的时态。因为主句用了过去时所以从句不能用一般将来时，因此用过去进行时表将来。
28.am filling "嗨，我们去滑冰吧。""对不起，我现在很忙。我正在填一份新工作申请表。"由答句中的时间状语right now和上下文语境可知，此处表示正在发生的事，应用现在进行时。
29.was phoning 句意：当时她正在给别人打电话,所以我对她点了点头,离开了。过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作，其形式为"was/were+现在分词"。根据句意可知，空格处用过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻正发生的动作。
30.was watching 句意：Jim正在家看一部午夜电影，正看到令人毛骨悚然的场景时，电视变成空白了。根据句意可知，此处表示过去某时间正在进行的动作。
31.was doing 句意："我不解的是你昨天下午为什么不去听讲座。""对不起。但是(当时)我正在做家庭作业。"很显然，答话者没有去的原因是当时正在做家庭作业，因此此处要用过去进行时。
32.is waiting 句意：孩子们，快点！校车在等我们！根据句意可知，空处表示正在进行的动作，所以用现在进行时。
33.are repairing 句意：水供应已经被暂时切断了，因为工人们正在修其中一条主管道。根据主句时态可知，从句应用现在的某种时态，再根据语境可知此处要用现在进行时，表示正在修。
34.is coming 句意：他紧张地等待着，心里想，"这一时刻很快就要来临了。"根据空处后面的soon可知，此处表示将来，所给提示词为come且引号中的内容是他当时想法的直接表达，故应用现在进行时表示将来。
【易错点拨】本题易受句子中thought一词的影响，错误地认为空白处应使用与过去相关的某一时态。
35.was sorting 句意："电脑什么时候死机的？""今天上午，当我正在把从一些网站上下载下来的阅读材料进行分类的时候。"根据句意可知，死机发生在我正在做某事时，也就是说发生在过去的某个时间点，故应用过去进行时态。
36.was answering 句意："你听懂我的话了吗？""很抱歉，刚才我在回短信。"此处用过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作。
37.will be flying 句意："今天下午两点我能给你回电话吗？""不好意思，那时我正飞往北京。五点怎么样？"由by then可知，此处用将来进行时表示将来某时正在进行的动作。
38.will be flying 句意：我感到非常兴奋！明天早上这个时候我将正在飞往上海的途中。语境强调将来某个时候正在进行的动作，因此用将来进行时。
【易错点拨】本题易误填will fly。一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态，而将来进行时强调将来的某个时候正在进行的动作，两者相比较，本句应用将来进行时，与语境中的时间状语At this time tomorrow morning相呼应。
题组3完成时
39.have read 句意：这本英文小说我已经读了一半了，这个周末我将尽力把它读完。语境表示"已经读了一半"，应该用现在完成时表示说话之前已经完成的动作，并且这个动作的结果对现在的情况仍有影响。
40.had become 句意：到大约公元前100年，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上最主要的交易商品之一。根据句意及by about 100 BC可知，become的动作发生在过去的过去，故用过去完成时。
41.had given —你们找到Ann的家有困难吗？—算不上难。她已经告知了我们她家的详细方位，我们很容易找到。根据语境可知,give这一动作发生在were able to之前，故此处应用过去完成时。
42.has made 句意：在过去的几年里，中国在环境保护方面已经取得了很大的成就。根据时间状语In the last few years可知，这里应用现在完成时。
43.had left 句中realized为一般过去时，我把书忘在咖啡馆的动作发生在realized之前，即为过去的过去，因此用过去完成时。句意：就在我到达学校门口时，我意识到我把书忘在咖啡馆里了。
44.has been reached 句意：尽管先前进行了几轮会谈，但双方至今也没有达成协议。由时间状语so far可知，应用现在完成时；又因主语agreement与reach之间是动宾关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。
45.had expected 句意：手写所有的请柬比我们预计的要耗时得多。句子的系动词为was，expect的动作发生在was之前，即过去的过去，用过去完成时。
【易错点拨】对于时态类的题，一、时间状语是时态的眼睛，要牢牢抓住时间状语；二、要密切注意上下文的暗示，比如此题中was的暗示作用；三、要注意语态，主动语态和被动语态是一个问题的两个方面。
46.have covered 根据句中的in a variety of forms可知，媒体已经以多种形式对南京青年奥运会进行了报道。
47.had seen 句意：Sofia 看看所有的面孔，感觉大部分客人她以前见过。主句时态用的是过去时，从句中的see先于主句的动作发生，所以用过去完成时。
48.has increased 根据句意"在过去的三十年中，参加健身锻炼的人的数量已经急剧增加了"可知，increase的动作虽然发生在过去，但一直持续到现在，同时由题干中的During the last three decades也可知，该空应该用现在完成时。
49.had had 句意：卖吉他时他很不高兴。毕竟那把吉他陪了他很长时间。结合句中的时间状语when he sold his guitar可知，拥有吉他这一状态发生在卖吉他这一动作之前，"卖吉他"这一动作发生在过去，故此处应用过去完成时来表示拥有吉他这一状态存在于过去的某一动作之前。
50.have changed 句意：当我第一次见到Bryan时，我不喜欢他。但是，我已经改变主意了。根据句意可知，说话人已经改变主意了，因此应用现在完成时。
51.has left 句意："噢，不！我们太晚了，火车已经开走了。""没什么，我们坐下一趟火车去伦敦。"此处强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，因此应用现在完成时。
52.has been 句意："你听说最近的选举了吗？""当然了，这可是最近三天唯一的新闻事件。"根据时间状语for the last three days可知，此处用现在完成时。
53.has come 句意："Alvin，你会跟我们来吗？""我想去，但出了点没料到的事情。"此处表示已发生的情况对现在的影响（我去不了了），所以用现在完成时。
54.had met 句意：据说经理已从巴黎回来了，在那儿他与欧洲的一些生意伙伴见面了。根据句中的is said to have arrived可知，arrive这个动作是在过去发生的，而见面的动作则是在arrive所表示的动作之前发生的，即发生在过去的过去，所以用过去完成时。
55.has cleaned 句意："瞧，有人擦过沙发了。""哦，不是我，我没有擦。"根据语境可知，空处表示有人已经做过某事了，故用现在完成时。
题组4完成进行时
56.has been learning 根据句意及定语从句中的时间状语for decades和主句谓语动词wants可知，本题应使用现在完成进行时态，表示从过去某个时间开始，一直持续到现在，并有可能继续下去的动作。
57.has been writing 根据句中的时间状语ever since可知,write这一动作从过去某一时刻一直持续到现在，所以用现在完成进行时。
58.has been working 句意：Marty一直在努力地写着他的书,他想他在周五前会完成它。根据句中的"by Friday"可判断出,work这个动作从过去一直持续到现在,并将继续下去，所以要用现在完成进行时。
59.have been trying 句意：自从人类开创园艺工作以来，我们一直在努力使我们的环境更加美丽。根据时间状语从句Since the time...可知，try这一动作从过去一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去，故主句应用现在完成进行时。
60.have been cutting "Tony，你的眼睛为什么是红的？""刚刚五分钟我一直在切辣椒。"句中出现的时间状语为for the last five minutes,表示动作发生在过去，到现在已持续一段时间，而且对现在造成了影响。因此，现在完成进行时符合语境。
61.has been taking 句意：这个女孩儿酷爱运动，在过去的三年里她每周上两次羽毛球课。over the last three years表示"在过去的三年里"，常与现在完成进行时连用。
62.have been doing 句意：为了找到那个丢失的孩子，在过去的五个小时里，村民们做了他们所能做的一切事情。根据句中的时间状语over the past five hours可知，此处应用现在完成进行时。
63.has been working 由句中的时间状语over the last three months可知，应用现在完成进行时。
64.had been lying 句意：当Alice醒来时，她不知道自己在那里躺了多久。由句意可知，Alice在苏醒之前一直在那里躺着。因此空处应用过去完成进行时。
65.had→have 考查时态。结合文意可知，此处表示从过去开始而延续到现在的动作，并有可能持续下去，因此应用现在完成进行时，把had改为have。
题组5将来时
66.will be rewarded 句意：学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会获得成功的。语境说学生一直在努力学习(have been working hard)，由此判断本空叙述将来的动作，应该用一般将来时；reward与their efforts 之间为动宾关系，因此这里需要用被动语态。
67.will call —Jackson博士现在不在他的办公室里。—好的。我晚些时候会给他打电话。根据本句中的时间状语"later"可知,应用一般将来时。
68.will find 句意：当你阅读这本书时，你将会发现经历过第二次世界大战的数百万人中的每一个都有着不同的经历。"As you go through this book"是时间状语从句，从句用的是一般现在时，主句表示将来的动作，应用一般将来时。
69.will be built 句意：四川将很快修建更多的高速公路以促进地方经济（的发展）。题干中的"soon"表明空格处用一般将来时，且句子的主语expressways是谓语动词build的承受者，所以用一般将来时的被动语态。
70.was 句意：在上大学时,巴拉克·奥巴马不知道他将成为美国第一位黑人总统。根据句意可知,"上大学"发生在过去,从过去的时间看将来,要用过去将来时，故填was, was to do表过去将来。
71.was going 句意：爱因斯坦出生在1879年。 当他还是孩童时，很少有人会想到他会成为一位著名的科学家，他的理论会改变整个世界。由动词"guessed"以及之后的"would change"可知，此处表示的是从过去某一时刻看将来要发生的动作或状态，所以用过去将来时。
72. will check "几点了？""我不知道。等一下，我帮你看一下。"由just a minute可知，下文表示临时的决定，应用一般将来时。
73.will be 答语中提到瑞士航空公司的航班通常会准时到达，再结合答语中的时态可知，问话人是对未来的情况表示担忧，所以问句中的宾语从句用一般将来时。
74.will be improved 句意：我们相信环境会在我们进一步减少污染的努力下得到改善。由题干中的We are confident that可知此处应该选择表示将来时态的动词形式，又improve 与the environment之间是动宾关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。
75.will see 本句为"祈使句+and+陈述句"句型，陈述句通常用一般将来时。
76.will be repaid 根据空后面的later一词可知，此处应用一般将来时态，又因repay与work之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态。
77.will get 句意：到你读完这本书的时候，你的饭就凉了。根据前半句中的内容可知，这里叙述的是将来的情况，所以用一般将来时。
题组6被动语态
78.be made 考查被动语态。此处指真正雅致的筷子可能是由金和银做成的。根据make与句子主语Truly elegant chopsticks之间是动宾关系及空前的"might"可知，此处应填be made。
79.will be made 根据句中的时间状语in the years ahead"在未来几年中"可知，本句应该使用一般将来时的被动语态。
80.were treated 句意：—你们在晚会上玩得开心吗？—很开心。主人把我们招待得很好。根据问句可知，此处应用一般过去时；treat和We之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
81.was chosen 句意：令我高兴的是，在几百个申请者中我被选中参加开幕式了。首先，句子主语I和choose是动宾关系，所以要用被动语态；其次，本句是对过去所发生事情的客观描述，所以用一般过去时。
82.was held 句意：我很想把手伸进去玩那个玩具，但幸好被橱窗挡住了。根据"had"可知，此处也应用一般过去时；由介词by可知应用被动语态。
83.have been made 句意：在所有准备工作就绪以后我们才开始工作。在时间、条件状语从句中，可以用一般现在时、现在完成时表将来。从句中的动作make在主句谓语动词的动作start之前发生，应用现在完成时表将来。又因all the preparations与make之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态。
84.has been made 句意：莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》在过去的几年中被拍成了至少十部不同的电影。由时间状语over the past years可知，谓语动词用现在完成时；而且make与Shakespeare's play Hamlet为动宾关系，所以谓语动词用被动语态。
85.is done 句意：如果什么都不做，海洋将会变成鱼的沙漠。do与nothing为动宾关系，故应用被动语态；If引导条件状语从句，主句用了一般将来时，所以从句也应用将来的时态，但是if引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。故本题应用一般现在时的被动语态。
86.have been elected/are elected "who(elect)to make decisions about school affairs"为定语从句，elect与who之间为动宾关系，从句谓语动词应用被动语态；主句用的是一般现在时，从句可用一般现在时或现在完成时。
87.was being decorated 句意：放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果却被告知阅览室正在装修。阅览室显然是被装修的，应用被动语态，又根据句意可知，阅览室正在装修，动作正在进行，故用过去进行时态。
【易错点拨】本题易错填was decorated。这涉及一般过去时与过去进行时的区别，前者表示"已完成"，后者表示"正在进行或尚未完成"。根据句意可知，装修"正在进行，尚未完成"。
88.was hurt 句意："你听说市场里发生的火灾了吗？""听说了，幸运的是，没有人受伤。"no one与hurt之间是动宾关系，而且所说的事发生在过去，因此应用一般过去时的被动形式。
89.using→used 考查被动语态。fresh vegetables and high quality oil与use之间存在被动关系，故用被动语态。
题组7 主谓一致
90.is 考查主谓一致和时态。把不太重要的事情留到明天通常是可以接受的。分析句子结构可知，该句中的主语为动名词短语"Leaving the less important things until tomorrow"，故谓语动词为第三人称单数形式，且全文的基本时态为一般现在时。故填is。
【知识拓展】当动名词和不定式在句中充当主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
91.were 考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中的"believed"可知，此处描述的是过去的情况，应用一般过去时；从句主语为knives,谓语动词应用复数。故填were。
92.is;takes 句意：成功是每一天做出的小小的努力的总和，而且常常需要很多年才能获得成功，记住这一点是重要的。that引导的宾语从句的主语是抽象名词success，两个空是并列的谓语，谓语动词都需用单数形式。
93.changes 本句为主系表结构，空格后的are gradual暗示本空填名词复数changes。
94.is 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我们所需要的是一小块土地，在一年中生长的季节我们能在那里种植各种各样的果树。All we need相当于All that we need，在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数;且本句表达的是现在的客观需要，故用一般现在时。
95.are;is 句意：那所大学估计，对于国际学生来说，一年的生活开销大约是8 450美元，这对于其中一些学生来说是一个负担。第一空的主语是living expenses，故谓语动词用复数形式；第二空的主语是which，指代的是前面整个句子，因此谓语动词用单数形式。
96.is 分析句子结构可知，主语是students' inner motivation，因此谓语动词用单数形式；再根据题中的Generally可知应用一般现在时。
97.was invited 句意：那位著名的音乐家和他的学生们被邀请在2012年台北花博会的开幕式上演出。首先，结合句意可知应用一般过去时描述过去的行为；其次，as well as连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词应和as well as前的成分在人称和数上保持一致，本句谓语应与The famous musician保持一致。
98.shows; is evidence作"证据，证明"讲时是不可数名词，故第一空用shows；increasing use of chemicals in farming作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故第二空用is。
99.was 句意：因为出色的表现，比赛一结束，这个篮球教练以及他的队员们就被采访了。as well as连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与as well as前的成分在人称和数上保持一致，故用单数；此处表示过去的一般事实，故用一般过去时。
100.look→looks 考查主谓一致。根据句子的主语"My dream school"可判断出，谓语动词要用单数形式，同时叙述的是现在的情况，故应用looks。


专题二 非谓语动词
2018年
题组2非谓语动词作状语
1.to see根据句意及句子结构可知，空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。
2.to improve句意：玉米（产量）增加的另一个原因：为了改善水质，政府鼓励农民种玉米代替水稻。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。
3. to share句意：在中秋节期间，家庭成员常常欢聚一堂，享受大餐、赏月并品尝月饼。分析句子结构可知，句子为简单句，且谓语动词为gather，故空处应填非谓语动词；再根据句意可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语。
4.used句意：普通肥皂，如果使用得当，能有效应对细菌。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作条件状语，use与句子的主语是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用过去分词。
5.exceeding句意：这段时间约13 500个新的就业岗位被创造出来，超过了市场分析师预计的12 000个。exceed与主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词。
6.wait→waiting wait前没有连词，所以此处为非谓语动词作伴随状语，且Everyone与wait为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词。

题组3非谓语动词作补语
1.to stay此处考查allow sb. to do sth."允许某人做某事", 故填不定式作宾语补足语。
2.taken分析句子结构可知，本空在句中作宾语补足语，动词take与my photograph之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词。

题组4非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
1.dyingreduce ones risk of...意为"降低某人……的风险"， 介词of后应用动词-ing作宾语。
2.looking; challenged句意：我赶紧弯腰低头，避免与他（大猩猩）直视，这样他就不会感觉受到挑战。第一空在avoid后作宾语，avoid doing sth.表示"避免做某事"，故此处应用动词ing；第二空在系动词feel之后，作表语，且主语he和challenge为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。
3.Traveling句意：沿着古丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣且有意义的经历。分析句子结构可知，is前的部分为主语，故此处应用动词-ing形式作主语。
4.to eat; trying句意：我本来不打算吃任何东西，但是冰激凌看起来如此诱人以至于我禁不住想尝一尝。从句意看，第一空，mean to do sth.表示"打算做某事"，所以填to eat;第二空,couldnt help doing sth.表示"忍不住做某事",所以填trying。
5.visiting结合语境可知，此处表示"记得做过某事"，因此用remember doing sth.，故填visiting作remember的宾语。
6.sell→selling介词by后面应接动词-ing而不是动词原形作宾语。
7.watching→watch此处考查ask to do sth."要求做某事"，为固定用法，ask后跟不定式作宾语。

2017年
题组1 非谓语动词作定语
1.spent 句意：Jim已经退休，但他仍记得与学生一起度过的快乐时光。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，the happy time与spend是逻辑上的动宾关系，且此处表示一个已完成的动作，所以用过去分词短语作定语。
【知识拓展】动词不定式作定语表示还未发生的动作；过去分词作定语表示已经完成的、被动的动作；现在分词作定语表示正在进行的、主动的动作；动名词作定语表示所修饰的词的性质和用途。
2.to catch 句意：开会期间我一直在看钟表，因为我要赶火车。本空所在部分用了have sth. to do结构表示"有某事要做"，因此这里用不定式作定语修饰a train。
3.ranging 句意：国家公园有大量的野生动物，从蝴蝶到大象都有。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处应使用非谓语动词，且空处与其逻辑主语a large collection of wildlife为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填ranging。


题组2 非谓语动词作状语
1.having developed 本句的主语Many Chinese brands与develop 存在主动关系，因此用现在分词，又根据句中的时间状语over centuries可知，此处应该使用现在分词的完成式。
2.allowing 句意：这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能够得到治疗。本空应用非谓语动词；动词allow与其逻辑主语(前面的整个句子)是逻辑上的主动关系，因此用现在分词作结果状语。
3.to cook 考查不定式。此处不定式表示"目的"，意为"去掉戒指以做饭"，故填to cook。
4.to save 句意：现在很多航空公司允许乘客在网上打印登机牌，以节约他们的宝贵时间。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处用动词不定式作目的状语。

题组3 非谓语动词作补语
1.to process 考查非谓语动词。be required to do sth.为固定用法。

题组4 非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
1.eating 考查非谓语动词。介词by后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故填eating。
2.laying 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语为This，谓语动词included后由and连接了三个动名词短语作宾语。故填laying。
3.to prove 考查非谓语动词。 want to do是固定搭配，故填 to prove。
4.resting 考查固定搭配。spend time doing sth. 是固定搭配，故填resting。


2012——2016年
题组1非谓语动词作定语
1.permitted 分析句子结构可知，permit与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，故填过去分词permitted作后置定语，相当于that/who was permitted。
2.to eat 考查不定式。根据句子结构可知，此处用动词不定式作定语修饰不定代词something。
3.living 考查非谓语动词。空处与people之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作后置定语。
4.built 考查过去分词短语作定语。 本句主语是The adobe dwellings，谓语是are admired，因此空白处不需要谓语动词，应用过去分词短语作定语表示一个被动的、已完成的动作。
5.enjoying 句意：公园里有很多人，他们在阳光下玩得很开心。分析句子结构可知，themselves in the sunshine作people的定语，people和enjoy为逻辑上的主谓关系，需要用主动形式，故用enjoying，相当于who enjoyed。
6.carrying 分析句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词作定语修饰airplanes,且carry为airplanes主动发出的动作，故应用动词-ing形式carrying。
7.appointed 句意：身残的Amie Salmon，在学校由一个指定守护她的护士照料着。appoint与nurse之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。
8.returned cameras与return之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以要用被动形式；过去分词作定语修饰中心词the cameras。
9.questioned 句意：刚才被警察询问的目击者们对这次打架给出了完全不同的描述。由于The witnesses和question之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，同时在句中有表示过去的时间状语just now，故要用过去分词作后置定语表示被动和完成。
10.offered 句意：你不能接受（别人）给你提的意见，除非该意见是基于事实的。 to you为后置定语,修饰名词opinion，动词offer与该名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
11.used 分析句子成分可知，use和words之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用used作后置定语。
12.to change 句意：志愿者活动给你一次改变人生的机会，包括你自己的（人生）。此处是不定式短语作后置定语。
13.to be completed 句意：明年将竣工的机场将会帮助推动该地区的旅游业。空处表示将要发生的动作，且complete与The airport之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用不定式的被动式作后置定语。
14.waiting 分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词形式。mail与wait为主谓关系，且此处表示状态，故用现在分词形式。
15.left 句意：也许他们的写作课正好有一个空位——你为什么不试试呢？leave与a place之间为动宾关系，因此此处要用过去分词left作后置定语。
16.to stay 句意：鸟的鸣叫有时是警告其他的鸟远离。此处用不定式短语作后置定语修饰warning。
17.to be made 根据"We're having a meeting in half an hour."可知会议还没开始，The decision后面的定语应用动词不定式，表示将要发生的动作，又因为make与decision之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用不定式的被动形式。
题组2非谓语动词作状语
18.using 考查非谓语动词。use与其逻辑主语People之间是主谓关系，故此处用现在分词作状语。
19.making 句意：冷风通过我们卧室的窗户袭来，使得开空调变得没有必要。空处在句中作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，且与句子主语之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词。
20.To make 句意：为了更容易与我们取得联系，你最好把这张卡片放在手边。分析句子成分可以看出，本空在句中作目的状语，因此用不定式To make。
21.Ordered 句意：这些书是一个多星期以前订购的，预计马上会到货。分析句子成分可知，此处应用非谓语动词；order与句子主语是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语表示被动和完成。
22.turning 句意：新建的小木屋排列在街道两边，使这个古镇变成了梦境。句中已经有谓语动词且前后句间没有连词连接，故空处要用非谓语动词。动词turn与其逻辑主语为主谓关系，故用现在分词作结果状语。
23.To catch 句意：为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前预订了出租车并且起得很早。分析句子结构和题干语境可知，the early flight在句中作目的状语，故用to do不定式。
24.spent 分析句子结构可知，Much time与动词spend存在逻辑上的动宾关系，因此使用过去分词。
25.To learn 句意：为了更多地了解中国文化，Jack已决定选修中国民间音乐。根据句意可知，本句使用动词不定式充当目的状语。
26.combining 句中an English word和combine之间是主谓关系，所以用现在分词充当状语，起补充说明作用。
27.wondering 句意：当那位职员看到了一张善良、满是皱纹又带着歉意的微笑的脸时，她呆呆地站在那里，考虑着是走还是留。主语she与wonder存在逻辑上的主谓关系，且wonder与stood的动作是同时发生的，所以用现在分词作伴随状语。
28.Having worked 句意：工作了两天之后，Steve设法按时完成了他的报告。句子主语为Steve，与work为逻辑上的主谓关系，又因work表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，故用现在分词的完成式。
29.to talk 句意：有时，我会充当同学们的倾听者，为的是让他们能聊聊他们的烦心事。此处用不定式作目的状语。
30.Raised 句意：在格拉斯哥最贫困的地区长大，他成为一名足球明星的道路漫长而艰难。raise与句子的主语he是逻辑上的动宾关系， 故填Raised。
31.using 句意：就像古代的水手，鸟能利用太阳和星星辨别路。birds与use是逻辑上的主谓关系，并且use表示的动作与谓语动词find 同时发生，故用现在分词作伴随状语。
32.accompanied 句意：当被他们的父母陪同时，孩子们被允许进入体育场。when accompanied by their parents是一个过去分词短语作状语，相当于一个时间状语从句when they are accompanied by their parents，此处省略了they are。
33.to help 空后面是前面动作的目的，所以应该用不定式，作目的状语。句意：课后组织小组活动是为了帮助孩子们培养团队精神。
34.saying 句意：钉在门上的一张便条上写着商店再次营业的时间。pinned to the door为过去分词短语作定语；saying...为现在分词作伴随状语。
35.To work 句意：为了解决这个数学难题，我咨询了Russell教授好几次。根据句子的意思，此处所使用的短语在句中作状语，表示目的，故要用动词不定式。
36.To find —我希望参加计算机课程。—好主意。想查询更多的相关信息,访问该网站。根据句意可知，空格处所需信息是"访问该网站"的目的，所以用动词不定式作目的状语。
37.To stay 句意：为了晚上保暖，我将炉火灶填满，又设置了午夜的闹钟以便再次填满它。此处"保暖"是下面一系列动作的目的，所以用不定式作目的状语。
38.throwing 句意：阳光明亮刺眼,在地上投下轮廓分明的影子。throw与其逻辑主语The sunlight之间为主谓关系，故应用throwing…作伴随状语。
39.having caught 句意:我赶上了来自帕丁顿的那班7:30的火车，那天早就到了办公室。"赶上火车"这一动作是由主语执行的，且先于谓语动作got to发生，故应用现在分词的完成式。
40.Founded 句意：创建于20世纪初期，这所学校不断激励着儿童对于艺术的热爱。found与the school之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词。
41.telling 分析句子结构可知，my mother与tell之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，且此处表示伴随状况，故用动词的-ing形式。
42.having set 分析句子成分可知，Lionel Messi与set之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，且Lionel Messi创纪录这一动作在is considered之前已经发生，因此用having set。
43.Having eaten 句意：之前在那个自助餐厅吃过饭，Tina不想再在那里吃了。分析句子结构和句意可知，Tina与eat之间是主谓关系，并且eat这一动作发生在谓语部分didn't want to eat所表示的动作之前，所以用Having eaten。
44.to watch 句意：老人每天晚上坐在电视机前，看(电视上）播放的任何内容都很高兴。此处用不定式的一般式作原因状语。
45.to be told 句意：George战后回来，却被告知他妻子已经离开了他。"only+不定式"作结果状语时，表示的是出乎意料的结果，通常是一种令人失望的结果。很显然，此题应用"only+不定式"结构。
46.to operate 句意：这台机器很容易操作，任何人都能在几分钟内学会使用它。这里用"主语+be+形容词+不定式"结构，此时不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
题组3非谓语动词作补语
47.taken 句意：在非洲医疗机构待了两年回来之后,李博士很高兴地看到他的母亲在家被照顾得很好。根据句子结构来判断,此空要用非谓语动词作宾语补足语,构成see sb. done结构，意思是"看到某人被……"。
48.developed 句意：辛苦努力后，很多新产品被研发出来，经理很满意。句子结构表明空格处用非谓语动词作宾语补足语。动词see的宾语many new products与develop之间为逻辑上的动宾关系且表示一个完成的动作，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。
49.understand 句意：让那些需要帮助的人明白我们会全力以赴去帮助他们。从整个句子结构来看，这是一个主从复合句，that引导的是宾语从句。let sb. do sth.意思是"让某人做某事"。
50.blocked 句意：当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。blocked with snow是过去分词短语作宾补，road与block之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
51.winding 句意：我抬头看，注意到一条蛇正沿树蜿蜒而上，捕捉它的早餐。此处用现在分词表示正在进行的动作。
52.washed get sth. done表示"使……被……",过去分词作宾语补足语。
53.to speak 句意：她完成项目之后，那所学校邀请她给新生们讲话。invite sb. to do sth.表示"邀请某人做某事"。
54.following 句意：这老两口常常晚饭后在公园散步，他们的宠物狗在后面跟着。在with复合结构中，dog与follow是逻辑上的主谓关系，因此这里用现在分词表主动。
题组4非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
55.introducing 考查非谓语动词。动词include后需跟动名词作宾语，所以此空填introducing。
56.using 考查动名词作宾语的用法。介词without之后接动名词作宾语。
57.Ignoring 此题解题关键是要识别出will be是谓语动词。因此，谓语动词之前的部分应为句子的主语。动词原形和动词的-ed形式均不能作主语；动词-ing形式的完成式，表明此动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。而结合题干可知，空处与谓语动词之间没有明显的前后顺序，故应填Ignoring。句意：忽视这两项研究发现之间的差异将是你犯的最严重的错误之一。
58.Understanding 句意：理解你自己的需要和交流风格与学会表达你的喜爱和情感一样重要。根据句意可知，现在分词短语"Understanding your own needs and styles of communication"作主语，与learning to convey your affection and emotions对应。
59.connected 句意：对那些家人远在他乡的人来说，个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面很重要。此处的stay是系动词，those与connect之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。
60.to employ 句意：对于像这样的一家公司而言，雇用一名保安是常规做法。分析句子结构可知，It为形式主语，for a company like this one to employ...为不定式的复合结构，为真正的主语。
61.speaking 句意：当提到当众演讲，没人能与他相比。when it comes to...表示"当提及……，当谈到……"，其中to 为介词，后应接动词-ing形式。
62.going句意：今天很热。你想去游泳吗？ feel like意思是"想要"，其后要用动词的-ing形式作宾语。
63.Knowing 句意：了解基本的急救技巧能够帮助你快速应对紧急情况。分析句子结构可知， …techniques在句中充当主语，故此处应用动词的-ing形式。
64.Hearing 根据句子结构可知，此处creates前面的主语应该是 how others react to the book you have just read，其中you have just read是定语从句，修饰the book，所以此处应该用动名词形式。
65.being reduced 分析句子结构可知，and前后两个部分都是作after的宾语，又因reduce与the city之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此填being reduced。
66.to lock 句意：我离开办公室之前记得锁门却忘记关灯了。remember to do表示"记得做"，与后半句中的forgot to相对应。
67.to meet 句意：如果他承担这份工作，他将别无选择，只能迎接更大的挑战。have no choice but to do 为固定结构，意为"别无选择，只能……"。
68.doing/to be done "某事需要被做"可以用"sth. needs doing"和"sth. needs to be done"的形式表示。
69.correcting 句意：人通过犯错误并改正错误来学习语言。空处与句中的making并列。
70.take→taking 考查非谓语动词。因为and连接两个并列的成分，且介词后接动名词形式，所以将take改为taking。
71.wear→wearing 考查动名词作宾语。介词后面应用动名词形式作宾语。
72.looks→looking 结合语境这里应用动名词作介词After的宾语，故应把looks改为looking。
专题三 介词、介词短语和动词短语
2018年
题组1介词
1.than根据句中的more可知，此处应用介词than引出比较对象。此处表示"定期跑步比散步、骑行或游泳更能有效延长寿命"。故填than。
2.than由空前的less可知，此处应用介词than，表示"比"。
3.for根据语境可知，此处应用介词for表示"目的"。
4.删除for every two years意为"每隔两年"，其前不用介词，故介词for多余。

题组2介词短语
1.in in the late afternoon or evening为固定表达, 意为"在傍晚或晚上"。

题组3动词短语
1.for search for意为"寻找"，为固定搭配。
2.for句意：开发长江经济带是一个系统的工程，它需要一个清晰的陆路交通图和时间表。call for"需要"，符合题意。
3.in句意：起初罗伯特不愿意让女儿去潜水，但是最终他妥协了，因为她对自己的技术很自信。give in"屈服，让步"，符合题意。

2017年
题组1 介词
1.as 考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处在句中作状语，表示"作为一种抵御心脏病的方式"，所以填as，意为"作为"。
2.from 考查介词。此处是指"当他们来回上下班时"。〖ZK)〗
3.in 考查介词。degree与介词in搭配，表示在某方面的学位。故填in。
4.in 句意：沿海地区的许多人靠渔业为生。根据句意可知，空处用in表示"在……方面"。5.among 句意：当你开车穿行于加利福尼亚州的红木森林时，你就会被有一千多年树龄的树木包围着。这里用介词among表示"在……中"，与前面的through the Redwood Forests呼应。
6.去掉for 考查介词。buy为及物动词，其后直接跟宾语，而buy sth. for sb.意为"为某人买某物"。
7.删除of 考查介词。realize后接宾语从句，介词of多余。

题组2 介词短语
1.in in relation to "关于，相对某事物而言"，符合句意。
2.In 句意：我们给我们的学生提供优质的教育，作为回报，我们期待学生能努力学习。根据句意，这里用介词短语In return表示"作为回报"。
3.off 题干中的"It’s nothing"说明T恤衫上的东西不是经过精心设计的，因此用off the top of my head表示 "不假思索地"。
4.on→of 考查固定搭配。in the middle of 意为"在……的中间"，故把on改为of。

题组3 动词短语
1.out 句意：在非洲参与的医疗队工作彰显了她作为一名医生的最好的一面。bring out "使显现，使表现出"，符合句意。
2.down 句意：Brown夫妇希望看到女儿安定下来，结婚生子。空处应与后面的"get married, and have kids"语意衔接，故用settle down表示"安顿下来"。

2012——2016年
题组1介词
1.on 考查介词。我们中的大多数人在早上的时候会比我们在一天中的晚些时候更加集中于我们的工作。固定短语be focused on 意为"集中于……"。故填on。
2.with 考查介词。此处指大部分人用手吃饭，故填with。
3.in 句意：研究表明，我们成长于其中的文化影响着我们看待周围的世界的基本过程。we grow up是定语从句，修饰先行词the cultures，省略了的关系代词which或that在从句中充当空处的宾语，结合in the cultures这一搭配可知空处应用介词in。
4.for 句意：要不是因为托马斯·爱迪生，很多现在让我们受益的东西都不会出现。but for "要不是，倘若没有"，符合句意。
5.above 句意：去年是有记录以来最暖和的一年，全球气温比平均温度高0.68摄氏度。依据句意可知，去年天气非常暖和，因此与往年平均温度相比要高， 故用above,表示"高于"。
6.to 句意： 你有没有听过这样的树，陆上动物和海洋动物都以它们为栖息之所？be home to为固定搭配，意为"为……的生息地/栖息地"。
7.of 句意：他们对校园岁月的共同记忆就是校服。本句使用了have a memory of 这一搭配，含义为"对……有记忆"。
8.for 句意：当别人自己仍然还有许多急需表达的观点时，他们是不会注意你的。cry for意为"迫切需要，恳求"。
9.despite 句意：简直难以置信，尽管Lucas先生很富有，但他过着简朴的生活。despite表示"尽管"，符合句意。
10.with 句意：那位有蓝色眼睛的苏格兰女孩在第五届汉语演讲比赛中获得了第一名。根据句子的结构来判断，此处要用介词短语作定语，修饰The Scottish girl，表示"带有……"，要用介词with。
11.than rather than"而不是"。working hard和hardly working是完全相反的两个概念，故前后为对比的关系。句意：我们期待的是你努力工作，而不是几乎不工作。
12.against 句意：为了完成这个项目，我们简直是在和时间赛跑。幸运的是，我们做到了。a race against time表示"和时间赛跑"，符合句意。
13.without 句意：没有一些数学知识，不可能有认真的物理研究。without意为"没有"，在此表示条件。
14.for 句意：史密斯夫妇因其教养孩子的方式而受到赞扬。be praised for…是固定搭配，意为"因……而受到赞扬"。
15.for 句意：在你到一处旅游胜地参观之前，先在你们当地的图书馆找一本与它有关的书看看。本题考查的是look for短语，因为in your local library这一地点状语提前插入其中，从而增加了试题的难度。实际上，本句是由look for a book about it in your local library演变而来的。
16.at 句意：100摄氏度是水的沸点。此处at表示"达，在（某一温度、速度、水平或价格等）"。at which water will boil是定语从句，修饰先行词the temperature。
17.for 句意：对于父母而言，没有什么比他们对孩子期望过高更容易的了。for parents 表示"对于父母来说"。
18.Of 根据句意"在所有我曾拥有的动物当中，这两条狗是对话语最敏感的"可知，这里表示所属关系，故用Of。
19.to→for 考查固定搭配中的介词。leave...for...表示"离开某地去某地"。
20.on→with 随着工业化的发展，环境被污染了。这里表示伴随状况，因此把on改为with。
21.on→in 结合生活常识可知，这里表示在商店橱窗里摆放着一个玩具，故应用in。
22.with→for 考查介词。后接表示对象、用途等的名词时应用介词for，意为"对，给，供"。
题组2介词短语
23.In 句意：那位年轻人诚实，有合作精神，当你需要帮助时，他总是会及时伸出援手。总之，他是个值得信赖的人。根据句意可知，in short"总之，简言之"符合语境。
24.at 考查介词。at the same time表示"同时"，是固定搭配。
25.around around the corner"即将来临"。句意：他们相信交通发展即将来临，这将会带来很多好的变化。
26.By 句意：大部分人工作是因为这是无法避免的，相比之下，有些人却是真正享受工作。空处前后形成对比，因此填By, by contrast意为"相比之下，与之相比"。
27.in 句意：这些解释是用来回答当地新闻记者经常提出的特定的问题的。in response to意为"回答，答复"。从"response to specific questions"可知，前面是对后面的问题做出的回答。所以填in。
28.by 句意：这位小学生抓着他奶奶的胳膊,然后护送她穿过街道。take sb. by the arm是一个固定短语,意思是"抓住某人的胳膊"。
29.in 句意：这个会议室是不准吸烟的区域。我想提前提醒你，如果你在这里吸烟，你就会被罚款。根据句意可知，这里应用介词in,in advance表示"提前"。
30.in 句意：检查一下储备的胡萝卜、土豆、洋葱和别的蔬菜，然后马上使用或扔掉任何有腐烂迹象的蔬菜。in store"贮存着，储备着"，符合句意。
31.In 句意：除了学校，村里还有一个诊所，这个诊所也是政府帮助修建的。in addition to表示"除……之外还"，其中的to为介词。 题干中的the village has a clinic表明"村里除了学校之外，还有一个诊所"。
32.On 句意：自己创业可能是取得经济独立的一种方法，但另一方面它也有可能使你背上债务。on the other hand"另一方面"，与前半部分相对应。
33.of 句意：我们的俱乐部向每个人开放，不管（他们的）年龄、性别或教育背景。regardless of表示"不管，不顾，不理会"。
34.in in shape "健康,状况良好"，符合题意。
35.by 句意：最近，一位艺术家乘渡船到南方的岛屿，偶然发现了一个遗失多年的古老的希腊花瓶。by chance表示"偶然"。
36.in 句意：Smith夫人发现清理杂物很难，因为无论何时她要去做，孩子们总是碍事。in the way"妨碍,挡路"。
37.On 句意：我代表在场的所有人祝您归国旅途愉快。on behalf of"代表"。
38.In 句意：如果你能去商店买些我们晚餐需要的东西，那就帮了大忙了。与此同时，我会摆好餐具。in the meanwhile"同时，在此期间"。
39.With 句意：收到你的邮件，我总是很开心。至于七月一日的聚会，我很乐意参加。根据句意可知，此处应填With。with regard to"关于，至于"。
40.in 句意：经理想看到公司的变化，我确信他迟早会看到的。in time"迟早"。
41.for 句意：你可以换工作，可以搬家，但友谊应该是终身的。for life意为"终身"。
42.On 句意：他似乎在给人留下他在巴黎玩得不开心的印象，相反，他玩得非常开心。根据"didn't enjoy himself"和"had a wonderful time"可知，空前后是鲜明的对比关系，故用on the contrary,表示"相反"。
43.去掉the 考查固定搭配。at first表示"起初"。
题组3动词短语
44.to 根据"was silent during the early part of the discussion but..."可知，此处指玛丽最终说出了自己的观点。give voice to"表达（想法）",符合语境。
45.on 句意：我讨厌工作时她给我打电话，因为我总是很忙，难以和她进行谈话。carry on"进行，从事"。
46.take 句意：我将利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。take advantage of是一个固定搭配，意为"利用"。
47.off 句意：当这些老人的孩子们远离他们生活时，他们感觉到跟这个世界隔绝了。cut off意为"切断，隔绝"，符合语意。
48.off 根据句中的"thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation"可知大学生创办的许多企业已经获得了成功，taken off"开始有成就"。
49.up 句意：在下一个月月末Peter将开始担任旅行社领导的职位。take up"开始从事（新的工作），开始担当（新的责任）"。
50.on 句意：整个队都指望着Cristiano Ronaldo,他很少让他们失望。count on "依赖，指望"。
51.down 句意：上周末因为太忙，Tom不得不回绝了晚会的邀请。turn down"拒绝，关小"。
52.in 句意：毫无疑问，这位候选人的优势在于他用英语与外国人交流的能力。根据句意可知，这里应用lie in表示"在于"。
53.away句意：肢体语言能泄露你的心情，因此，双臂交叉站着传出的信号是你处于防御状态。give away意为"泄露，暴露"。
54.for 句意：据说肢体语言占第一印象的55%，而你说的话只占7%。account for "（数量上、比例上）占"。
55.down 句意：你怎么能在失业了几个月的这个时候拒绝这么好的工作呢？turn down"拒绝"。
56.through 句意：一晚上我都一直尽力在给Charles打电话，但肯定是网络出故障了，电话打不通。get through"(用电话)打通"，符合句意。
57.across 句意：Mary，这是你的项链吗？我今天早上打扫浴室的时候偶然发现了它。come across"偶然发现"。
58.from look up from"（在低头看某物时）抬头往上看"。句意：Terry，祖母和你说话时，请不要看你的手机。
59.up turn up"出现，露面"。句意：当那位体育英雄出现在我们的聚会上时，我们张开双臂欢迎他。
60.of 句意：作为一名草根歌手，她阅读能够得到的与音乐有关的一切，并利用每一次机会提升自己。get hold of表示"抓住"。
61.down 句意：这两个国家即将会面以消除他们之间的一些贸易障碍。由题干中的"some barriers"可知，这里指"消除"， 故填down。
62.off 根据句意可知，Oliver不能胜任这份工作，因此父亲决定付清工钱打发他走，pay sb. off表示"付清工资解雇某人"。
63.over 句意：团队领导必须确保所有成员不要老想着避免因犯错而产生的尴尬。get over"克服"。
64.in 句意：在最后一刻，汤姆决定加入一个新角色以使故事看起来更真实。put in"加入"。
65.off 句意：依照传统，大学生在踏上人生征程之前都会举行毕业典礼来鼓励自己。set off"出发，启程"。
66.on 句意：蝴蝶以花蜜为食，蜜蜂和其他昆虫采集花蜜。feed on"以……为食"。
67.out 句意：妈妈总是抱怨孩子们的鞋穿烂得太快了。wear out"穿烂，磨破"。
68.down 句意：我叔叔没能把烟戒掉，但是至少他抽得少了。cut down"减少，缩减"。
69.up 句意：真令人吃惊，你弟弟学俄语如此快——他在俄罗斯还没住多长时间。pick up意为"学会"。
70.down 句意：他得不时地停下来擦额头上的汗，因为空调系统坏了。break down"出故障，坏掉"。
71.becoming前加of 考查固定搭配。dream of doing sth.是固定搭配，意为"梦想做某事"。
72.在listening后加to 考查固定短语。短语listen to的意思是"听"，to是介词，其后接名词。
专题四 冠词
2018年
题组1不定冠词的用法
1.the→a语境表示"还是一个小孩的时候"，此处表示泛指，故应用不定冠词a。

题组2定冠词的用法
1.the此处表示特指，故用定冠词the。over the past 25 years表示"在过去的25年里"。
2.the at the top of表示"在……的顶端"，为固定短语。
3.在countryside前加the countryside常与定冠词the连用。

2017年
题组1 不定冠词的用法
1.a 考查冠词。as a result为固定搭配，意为"结果"。
2.a 考查冠词。该空后面model是可数名词单数，此处表示"作为一名模特"，故填a。
3.a 考查冠词。此处表示"一个奇迹"，所以需要用不定代词a表泛指。
4.a →an/one 考查冠词。因为hour的发音以元音音素开头，所以其前用an。此处也可用one表示数量"一"。

题组2 定冠词的用法
1.the 考查定冠词。此处指的是在顶端建造一个结实的顶，所以在 top前加the。
2.在first day前加the或my 由序数词first可知，其前应加定冠词the。也可以用形容词性物主代词my修饰first day。
3.picture前面加this或者the 考查限定词/冠词。picture作"照片"之意讲时是可数名词，因为上文已提到过这张照片，因此要用定冠词the表特指，或者用this。


2012——2016年
题组1不定冠词的用法
1.a 考查固定短语。固定短语for a while意为"一会儿"。
2.a 句意：布莱恩在创作乐曲方面有天赋，他有望成为另一个贝多芬。根据句意可知，空格处用不定冠词，表示所指的人与专有名词有类似的性质。
3.the; a 句意：我刚听说Dora工作的银行被一个戴着面罩的持枪歹徒抢了。第一空，句中where引导的定语从句修饰bank， 由此可知这里特指Dora工作的银行，故用定冠词；第二空，泛指"一个持枪歹徒"， 因此用不定冠词。
4.The;a 句意：我出生的那个村子已经变成了一个城镇。根据句子的结构来判断，where I was born是定语从句，修饰先行词village，表示特指，故其前要用定冠词The；第二空意思是"一个城镇"，表示泛指，其前应用不定冠词。
5.the;a 句意：他们选Tom为本队的队长，因为他们知道他是一位聪明的领导者。第一空为特指，表示"本队的队长"；第二空则表示"一位"聪明的领导者，表泛指。
6.a;the 第一空表示泛指，用不定冠词，a week表示"一周"；第二空into the night是习惯搭配，意为"直到夜里"。
7.a;a "四个半小时"可以表示为four and a half hours 或four hours and a half。break在此意为"休息"，是可数名词，这里表示泛指，其前应用不定冠词。
8.a;the 根据句意可知，第一空用不定冠词a,泛指一个寒冷的冬夜；第二空用定冠词the,特指那天晚上的天空。
9.the;an " news"特指他们的儿子需要在膝盖上做手术的消息，故第一空应用定冠词the；operation是单数可数名词，此处表示"一个手术"，故第二空应用不定冠词an。
10.a;a 句意："中国梦"是一个改善民生的梦想，一个（追求）和谐、和平与发展的梦想。题干中的两个空都表示泛指，故均用不定冠词。
11.a;an 第一空，a preference表示"一种偏好"，用不定冠词a表泛指；第二空，at an early age是固定词组，意为"在很小的时候"。
12.a;the 句意：我醒来的时候头很痛，不过，到晚上的时候疼痛已经消失了。headache用作可数名词，故第一空用不定冠词a表示泛指；by the evening表示"到晚上的时候"，故第二空用the。
13.the→a 考查冠词。此处表示泛指，故该用不定冠词a，in a short period of time意为"短期内"。
题组2定冠词的用法
14.the 这里考查的是one...the other...这一固定搭配，意为"一个……另一个……"。
15.The;a 句意：这次比赛获胜者的奖励是一次为期两周的巴黎之行。第一空根据for the winner of the competition可知，此处的prize是特指的概念，故用The；而第二空则是表示"一次,一"的概念，故填不定冠词。
16.The; the 考查冠词。句意：一个人越博学,他通常会变得越谦逊。根据句子结构来判断,此句使用了"The+形容词/副词比较级...,the+形容词/副词比较级..."结构,意思是"越……,越……"。
17.a; the 考查冠词。句意：多年来，简的祖母一直想写一本儿童读物，但由于种种原因耽搁下来了。第一空，book是可数名词，此处表泛指，用不定冠词a；第二空，in the way是固定词组，意为"挡路，妨碍"。
18.the; a 第一空应该用定冠词，the way to可以视为一个固定搭配，意为"去……的路"；第二空前加不定冠词a，人名前加不定冠词表示"一个叫……的人"。
19.the top表示"顶端，顶部"， top floor前应用定冠词the。
20.the strong-willed是形容词，"定冠词+形容词"表示"一类人或事物"， 因此用the。句意： 生活像一片海洋，只有那些意志坚强的人才能到达彼岸。
21.the;the 第一空处，Pacific Ocean是一个专有名词，其前要用定冠词；第二空处表示"在十三世纪"，序数词前面要用定冠词。
22.在world前加the 考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表示特指，故应用定冠词the。
23.在countryside前加the in the countryside "在农村"，应在countryside前加上冠词the。
24.a→the 结合语境可知，此处应表示特指，故应把shop前的a改为the。
题组3零冠词的用法
25.a;/ 句意：很明显，动物是一种比人类更低级的生命形态。第一空用a表泛指，意为"一种"；第二空，man是泛指，表示"人类"，前面不用冠词。
26./；a independence为抽象名词，因此其前不用冠词；struggle在此表示"斗争"，为可数名词，且此处表泛指，其前应用冠词a。
27./;the 句意：史密斯夫妇通常不喜欢住旅馆，但去年夏天他们在海边的一个很舒适的旅馆住了几天。第一空，hotels是复数名词，表泛指，其前不用冠词；第二空，by the sea意为"在海边"。
28.去掉flowers前面的the 句意：我们教学楼周围有各种各样的花和树木。根据句意可知，此处表示"泛指"的概念，所以flowers前不用定冠词。
专题五 名词
2018年
题组1常见名词后缀
1.pollution分析句子结构可知，该空作decreased的宾语，故应填pollute的名词形式pollution。
2.scientist根据空前的不定冠词a可知，空处应用名词，意为"科学家"，故填scientist。
3.weight根据语境可知，此处表示"体重问题"，故填名词weight。

题组2名词的数和格
1.causes此处cause是可数名词，意为"原因"，其前有all修饰，故应填复数形式causes。
2.dishesdish是可数名词，其前没有限定词修饰，故用复数形式dishes。
3.mistake→mistakes根据语境可知，此处表示"从课本和错误中学习"，mistake"错误"为可数名词，此处应用复数形式mistakes。

2017年
题组1 常见名词后缀
1.introduction 考查词性转换。由前面的定冠词the可知，其后应接名词，故填introduction。2.education 考查词性转换。形容词性物主代词her后需用educate的名词形式，故填education。
题组2 名词的数
1.effects 考查名词复数。这种趋势产生了一些意想不到的副作用。根据空前的"some"及空后的"such as overweight and heart disease"可知，此处指不止一种副作用，故用名词复数形式effects。
2.crowds 考查名词复数。因为crowd为可数名词，并且其前没有限定词，所以此处用其复数形式。
3.invitations 考查名词单复数。invitation是可数名词，前面有several修饰，要用复数形式，故填invitations。
4.carrots 考查名词单复数。根据上文的"a handful of"可知，此处表示一把小胡萝卜，所以应用carrot的复数形式。
5.word→words 考查名词的数。根据下文可知，教练发出了很多指令，故用word的复数形式words。
6.informations →information 考查名词。information为不可数名词，无复数形式。

2012——2016
题组1常见名词后缀
1.attraction 考查词性转换。但对于像我一样的游客，熊猫是成都最吸引人的事物。由形容词性物主代词its以及形容词top可知此处应该填动词attract的名词形式attraction，意为"吸引人之物"。
2.achievement 考查词性转换。首先处理最重要的工作以便你能感到一种真实的成就感。介词后接名词，a real sense of achievement意为"一种真实的成就感"。
3.development 考查词性转换。根据空前的"the"及空后的"of"可知，此处应填develop的名词形式development。
4.adjustments 句意：为了与国家的足球改革保持一致，一些学校将必须做出调整。空处作make的宾语，故用提示词adjust的名词形式，adjustment"调整，适应"；又根据句意可知此处应用名词复数。
5.apologies —Dave,去向你妈妈道歉。—我想去，但我担心她对我的道歉不会满意。apology"道歉"，常用复数，符合语境。
6.identity 句意：当他去执行这项秘密任务时，他给自己取了个新名字以掩盖他的身份。根据句意可知，这里应用提示词identify的名词形式identity表示"身份"。
7.motivation 句意：她写作的动力是为妇女争取接受高等教育的权利的愿望。根据句意可知,这里用motivation,表示"动力,动机"。
8.compliment 句意：当Richard说"你现在更讨人喜欢，更漂亮了"时，Joan的脸因这意外的赞美变红了。根据句意可知，这里用名词compliment表示"赞美"。
9.suggestion 句意：—如果你没有足够的钱买辆新车，为何不先买辆二手车？—这是个好建议。根据句意可知此处用提示词suggest 的名词形式suggestion表"建议"。
10.perspective 句意：从都市年轻人的视角写的诗歌往往显示出他们因为缺少归属感而产生的焦虑。根据句意可知，perspective"视角，观点"符合句意。
11.patience 句意：无论什么时候我犯了错，老师总是耐心地把它们指出来。patience"耐心"，符合句意。
12.reference 句意：你最好把那家餐馆的电话号码写下来以便将来查看。reference"查看，查阅"，符合句意。
13.honest→honesty 考查名词。根据语境"我叔叔告诉我他成功的关键在于诚实"可知,此处该用名词形式作表语。
题组2名词的数
14.days 考查名词复数。由few修饰可数名词复数可知，此空填days。 every few days是"每隔几天"的意思。
15.studies 考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，谓语动词为show，为复数形式，且study作"研究，调查"讲时为可数名词，故主语应为复数。故填studies。
16.knowledges→knowledge 考查名词的数。knowledge为不可数名词，只能用单数形式。
17.year→years 考查名词复数。13至19岁不止一年的年龄差，此处为复数概念，故用years。
18.airs→air air为不可数名词，因此把airs改为air。
19.year→years 考查名词的单复数。for all these years"这么多年来"，因此应用year的复数形式years。
专题六 代词
2018年
题组1人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
1.them句意：在大猩猩和我都把对方吓了一跳后，我十分高兴地发现这些猩猩还活着。分析句子结构可知，空处在本句中作动词find的宾语，因此用they的宾格them。
2.us→me主句的宾语us与从句的my在数上不一致，结合前文可知这里说的是"我"的情况，因此要将us改为me。
3.myself→my/the本句中myself的形式错误，此处在句中作定语，不能用反身代词，而应用形容词性物主代词或者定冠词。

题组2不定代词
1.another→other another"又一，再一"，other"其他的，别的"，结合语境可知应把another改为other。

题组3替代词、指示代词
1.it句意：如果你没时间，你只需跑一半的时间就能获得与其他运动一样的益处，因此或许我们都应该试一试。give it a try为固定搭配，意为"试一试"，根据语境可知，it指代running。
2.it分析句子结构可知，此处应用it作形式主语，真正的主语是to eat out。

2017年
题组1 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
1. myself 考查代词。根据语境可知，hurt这一动作的发出者和承受者为同一人，故应用I的反身代词形式，意为"她认为我伤了我自己"，故填myself。
2.your→my 考查人称指代一致。全文介绍的是"我"的故事，因此这里应该是"我"高中时期的回忆。

题组2 不定代词
1. all →both或将all去掉 考查代词。因为主语是两个人，所以用both表示两者都，而all则表示三者或三者以上的全部。此处将all 去掉也可以。

题组3 替代词、指示代词
1.it 考查代词。根据上文的"the railway quickly"可知，此处用it代替the railway。
【知识拓展】one 指代上文提到的单数的人或物，指"同一类中的一个"，表示泛指意义；that指上文出现的名词，表示同类的东西，既可指代可数名词单数，又可指代不可数名词，常有后置定语修饰，表特指；it 指上文提到的同一事物，与前面的名词是同一个，表特指。

2012——2016年
题组1人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
1.its 考查代词。由语境及后面的名词mother可知，此空应该填it的形容词性物主代词its。
2.its 考查代词。根据句子结构可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词。
3.you 语境表示"对你的期望太多，你又不能拒绝"，因此本空填代词you。
4.its 考查代词。这里指香港的令人窒息的烟雾，因此填物主代词its"它的"，指香港的。
5.me/mine 由下文可知，此处应表示一名女士惊呼，"是我丢东西了/那是我的箱子"。
6.it 本空在句中作主语指前面提到的there，因此填代词it。
7.myself 语境表示"我独自做了"，用短语by oneself表示"独自，靠自己"。
8.our→his 考查代词。由语境及主语he可知，此处指的是叔叔的生意，故将our改为his才合乎语境。
9.your→our 考查代词。因为句子的主语为"we"，故此处用our。
10.yourself→myself 考查反身代词的一致性。由前面的代词I可知，此处应用myself。
11.whenever后加I 考查句子结构。whenever为时间状语从句连词，其在此引导的从句缺了主语，根据句意可知，此处应加主语I。
12.your→our或the 本句的主语为We，用了第一人称，因此把物主代词your 改为our,此处也可以改为the。
题组2不定代词
13.none 句意：妮基总有很多主意，但据我所知没有哪一个是有用的。句中的"full of ideas"表明主意是三个或三个以上，所以用none表示完全否定。
14.nobody 句意：会议要在九月召开，但是没有人知道确切日期。 该句由but连接的两个并列分句构成。第一个分句说会议将要在九月召开，而转折词but意味着两个分句意思相反， 故用否定词nobody。
15.the other 句意：为了让自己暖和,那位水手坐在火堆前面,用一只脚摩擦另外一只脚。表示两者之间的"一个……另一个……",要用one...the other...。
16.neither 句意：她曾在伦敦和曼彻斯特住过，但她不喜欢这两个地方，于是迁到剑桥。语境表明空格处应用表示两者全部否定的不定代词，故用neither。
17.Everyone 根据前一句"You can ask anyone for help."可知，每一个人都愿意帮助你。句意：你可以向任何一个人求助，这里的每一个人都愿意帮助你。故此空用Everyone。
18.nothing 此句是一个含有转折连词but的并列句，根据but后的内容可知but分句前面应该是含有否定意义的内容，所以只能用nothing，表示微笑虽然不用花费什么，但意义却是很大的。
19.everything 此处表示好的家庭对每个家庭成员都很重要，但并不意味着一切，be/mean everything (to sb.)（对某人来说）是最重要的/意味着一切，故用everything符合句意。
20.Nobody 句意：没有人能持续四十年都擅长某件事，如果他不热爱它。根据句意可知，空处应用Nobody。
21.both 句意：这是一种二选一的情况，我们今年要么买一辆新车，要么去度假，但两者不可兼得。此处表示部分否定，应用both。
【易错点拨】部分考生只根据字面意思理解题意，没有意识到not与both, all, every连用时，无论位置如何，都表示部分否定。如：①I don't want both the books. 我不是两本书都要。②Both （the） windows are not open. 两扇窗并不都开着。
22.either/both 句意：我在纽约和芝加哥住过，但是我不是很喜欢它们中的任何一个/这两个地方我并不都非常喜欢。题干中提到纽约和芝加哥两个城市，根据转折词but可知，后面的意思应为"两个都不喜欢"或"两个并不都喜欢"，"not…either…两者都不……"表示全部否定，此处也可用"not...both..."表示部分否定。
【知识拓展】英语中表示两者和三者及三者以上的词语有所不同，考生在做题时应特别注意。表示两者的词语有：both（两者都），neither（两者都不），either（两者中的任何一个），the other（两个中的另一个）；表示三者或三者以上的词语有：all（所有），none（没有一个）,any（任一），another（另一）。
23.none none表示"没有一个"，可替代可数名词，也可替代不可数名词，表示全部否定。
24.something 句意：—你算出这次旅游将会花多少钱了吗？—4 000美元，或大约那么多吧。此处填something,表示不确切的描述或数量，意为"大致，左右"。
25.neither 句意：Larry让Bill和Peter和他一起去野餐，但是他们两个人都不想去，因为他们有工作要做。前面提到的是Bill和Peter两个人，再结合转折连词but和谓语动词wants可知，空格处是对两者进行全部否定，所以用neither。
26.Neither 根据空格后面的"I'll be off to London then."可知，周四、周五这两天都不行，故用Neither"两者都不"。
27.many→much 考查代词。表示"钱"的多少时，要用much而不是many。
28.Neither→None 语境提到射箭的是my uncles，这里说的"这些箭都没有射中目标"应该用代词none，其含义等于"no+前述名词"，表示三者以上的"都不"。
题组3替代词、指示代词
29.that 句意：这所小学校的教学质量比一些较大学校的教学质量更好。空处指代的quality为抽象不可数名词，that指代可数名词单数或不可数名词,故用that。
30.it 句意：当你在看你最喜欢的电视节目时，如果有人进来，并且未经允许就把电视关掉，你会怎么想？it在此作形式宾语，指代后面if从句的内容。
31.it 考查代词。此处用代词it指代前面的单数名词your leg。
32.it 考查代词。根据句意可知，此处指代上文提到的旅游目的地迈阿密。
33.it 句意：如果你能够让我提前知道你是否会来，我将不胜感激。根据句子的结构，此空在句中作形式宾语，而真正的宾语为if所引导的从句，故要用it。
34.it 句意：Susan向我明确表示她希望为自己创造新的生活。it为形式宾语，that引导的宾语从句作真正的宾语。
35.that 句意：使她高兴的是，Della首先赢得了她学生的信任,然后又获得了她同事的信任。空后面的"of her colleagues"与前面的"of her students"是同样的结构，因此此空应该用that来替代the trust，以避免重复。
36.those 句意：在我们工厂里有一些机器与这本杂志里描述的那些机器很相似。根据句意可知空格处应填the machines，同时the machines被described in this magazine修饰，可以用those替代，故填those。
37.those 考查代词。空后有后置定语"surveyed in 16 countries"，此处表示"被调查的那些人中的一半",故填those。
38.one 句意：你如果要到报摊买今天的报纸，能不能帮我买一份？本空的代词替代前面的可数名词paper（报纸），表示同类事物中的一个，因此用one。
39.those 这里用those来指代前文提到的"many of the items"。
专题七 形容词和副词
2018年
题组1形容词的基本用法
1.energeticand连接两个并列分句，两个分句都表示跑步的特征，and前面的cheap和easy均为形容词，故此处应用形容词energetic作表语，意为"需要能量的，剧烈的"。
2.global考查形容词。此处应填globe的形容词形式global作定语。
3.affordable根据语境可知，一周在外就餐一到两次或许是负担得起的。故填形容词affordable。
4.happily→happy此处felt是系动词，其后应跟形容词作表语，故把happily改为happy。

题组2副词的基本用法
1.actually这里应填副词来修饰be动词is。
2.here→there come here"来这儿", go there"去那儿";此处指去那儿，因此应把here改为there。
3.Immediate→Immediately考查副词。此处应用副词作状语,故将Immediate改为Immediately。

题组3形容词和副词的比较等级
1.longer空后有than及比较对象，故用long的比较级longer。
2.loudest根据语境并结合空前的the和空后的of all可知，空处应用副词的最高级。
3.higher根据even并结合语境可知，此处表示"更高的代价"，故应用high的比较级higher。
4.larger→large。考查形容词。此处无比较含义，故用原级。

2017年
1.careful 考查形容词。此处为形容词作表语，故填careful"当心的"构成系表结构。
2.successful 考查词性转换。根据语境并结合空前的the most可知，空处表达最高级意义。故填successful。
3.句意：仅仅在史蒂夫·乔布斯去世五年后，智能手机在销量方面击败了传统的个人电脑。conventional"传统的"，符合句意。
4.句意：恐龙的消失未必就是由天文事件引起的，但是很难找到其他的解释。alternative"可替代的，另外的"符合句意。5.shiny/shining 考查形容词。根据上文的"a"及下文的名词"object"可知，此处需要用形容词作定语修饰名词，故填shiny或shining。
6.suddenly改为sudden。考查形容词。该句中的名词stop应用形容词修饰，所以把suddenly改为sudden。
7.interesting改为interested。考查形容词。因为是描述主语they的心理状态，所以使用interested"对……感兴趣的"。
8.late改为latest。考查形近词辨析。结合句意，这里表示收集最新的音乐专辑，故将late改为latest。
9.difference改为different。考查形容词。名词kinds前需要形容词来修饰，因此把名词difference改为形容词different。
10.certainly 考查副词。此处fun是名词，但空处修饰整个句子，作状语，故填certainly。
【知识拓展】考查形容词与副词时，除了要考虑词性相互转换，还要考虑形容词与副词的反义词。比如括号里给出fortunate一词，需要改为副词形式fortunately，同时还要结合句意来判断，是否要改为unfortunately。
11.fairly 考查副词。副词修饰形容词unpleasant，故在其前填fairly。
12.late改为later。考查副词。late意为"迟，晚" 。"一段时间+later"表示"一段时间之后"，故把late改为later。
13.earlier改为early。考查副词。此处没有比较的含义，所以用early的原级。
14.Beside改为Besides。考查副词。beside 意为"在……旁"，而besides意为"此外"。
15.worse 考查比较级。短语Even worse 意为"更糟糕的是"，表示意义的递进。故用worse。
16.earlier 考查副词的比较级。此处表示"16年前"，故填earlier"……之前，先前"。
2012—2016年
题组1形容词的基本用法
1.many 句意：我一直都很喜欢你组织的所有活动，我也希望能在未来的几年参加更多这样的活动。根据句意可知，此处表示"更多的活动"，故填many,此处many more相当于many more events。
2.considerate 句意：Michael通知我们他要迟一会儿以防我们担心，想得真周到。本句使用了It is/was + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 这一结构。故此处要用形容词，应填considerate "考虑周到的"。
3.grateful 句意：我非常感激所有的那些志愿者，因为他们的帮助让我糟糕的一天有了个快乐的结局。此处要用形容词，故填grateful"感激的"。
4.punctual 句意：虽然会议大厅在他的公寓附近，但是如果他想准时（赶到），他必须得赶紧点。根据句意可知，这里应用punctual表示"准时的"。
5.passive 句意：因此，听力是一种积极主动的，而非消极被动的行为，它包含听到、领会和记住。passive意为"被动的，消极的"。由 "Listening is... not..."可知前后是相对的。
6.disappointed look disappointed是系表结构，表示"看起来失望"。
7.painful 考查形容词。句中动词become是系动词，其后接形容词作表语。
8.impressive 句意：Jasmine Westland的胜利给人印象如此深刻的一点就是，她光着脚跑马拉松赛并且夺得了第一名。impressive"给人深刻印象的"，符合句意。
9.tolerant 句意：她没有责怪那个打碎了花瓶的孩子，而是冲着他宽容地一笑，让他走了。tolerant"宽容的，容忍的"，符合句意。
10.optimistic 根据performance前的good可知应用optimistic，求职面试中表现好，自然就会对未来持"乐观的"态度。句意：我在求职面试中的良好表现让我对我的未来以及我可以在这里做什么持乐观的态度。
11.arbitrary 句意：人们抱怨说，同意颁发许可证或拒绝授予许可证的决定通常是任意的（行为），而不是基于固定的标准。空处与后面的fixed criteria呼应，故用arbitrary，表示"随心所欲的，任意的"。
12.generous 句意：他没有自私地把从他叔叔那里继承的钱自己留着，而是慷慨地捐赠了出去，帮助社区。根据句意可知应用generous，表示"慷慨的，大方的"。
13.constant 句意：故宫每天都吸引着络绎不绝的游客，特别是在全国性的假日期间。a constant stream of visitors表示"络绎不绝的游客"。
14.allergic be allergic to "对……过敏"；根据空格后面的"so he won't visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house"可知，David对动物皮毛"过敏"。
15.reasonable 句意：要讲道理呀，你不能指望我在这么短的时间内完成所有这些工作。reasonable"公平的，合理的，明智的"，符合语境。
16.convenient 句意：秘书为申请者安排了方便的时间和地点面试。convenient"便利的，方便的"，符合句意。
17.freely→free 考查形容词的句法功能。系动词be后应为形容词作表语。
18.seriously→serious 应用形容词serious修饰名词，因此把seriously改为serious。
19.Much→Many Much修饰不可数名词，rare animals为复数形式，因此把Much改为Many。
20.taste→tasty 考查形容词。句中的juicy为形容词，因此把taste改为tasty"好吃的"，用形容词作表语。
21.much→many 此处表示"圣女果太多了，因此我们常与邻居分享"。many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词。因此把much改为many。
22.many→much 考查不可数名词的修饰词。由于homework是不可数名词，故修饰该词应用much，而many修饰可数名词。故把many改为much。
23.helpfully→helpful 考查形容词。根据句子结构可知，此处要用形容词作表语。故把helpfully改为helpful。
题组2副词的基本用法
24.officially 考查词性转换。修饰动词应该用副词，所以填officially。
25.regularly 考查词性转换。副词修饰谓语动词take，故填regularly"有规律地"。
26.gradually 考查副词。应用副词修饰动词。
27.especially 句意：急刹车会是非常吓人的经历，特别是如果你正在高速前行。especially"特别，尤其"符合语境。
28.recently 考查副词。根据句子结构可知，此处用副词作状语。
29.before/earlier 考查副词。本句为过去完成时，描述的是作者来阳朔之前的情况，因此填副词before/earlier。
30.slowly 考查形容词转化为副词。修饰动词应用副词。
31.personally 由句中的"or through their companies"可知此处应填所给词的副词形式personally"亲自"。句意：他们或者亲自或者通过公司把钱捐给了敬老院。
32.actually 考查词形转换。空格在动词前，故应用副词，本空填actually。
33.blindly 句意：教育的目的是教育年轻人自行思考而不是盲从别人。blindly"盲目地，不加思考地"。
34.sharply 句意：Sabrina的话音刚落，Albert就冲她伸出一根手指表示警告，并且厉声说，"别那么小气。"sharply"严厉地"符合句意。
35.otherwise 句意：谢谢你给我们指明方向，否则我们不可能找到这栋房子。otherwise表示"否则"，符合语境。
36.deliberately 句意：别再为他辩护了。显然他是故意把花园的栅栏弄坏的，甚至都不道歉。deliberately表示"蓄意，故意"。
37.affordably 此处表示那些贫困的青少年兴奋地发现在拐角处有一家商店，在那里他们可以买到付得起价格的自行车。
38.hopefully 句意：如果我们马上走的话，我们很有希望能准时到达。hopefully"有希望地"。
39.tentatively 此处表示爸爸试探性地对前来和他讨论这个问题的邻居说："或许我们需要派人去请史密斯大夫来看看我们能做些什么。"tentatively"踌躇地，犹豫不定地"。
40.regularly 句意：我们过去经常见面，但是从去年开始我就没有他的消息了。
41.equally 句意：任何人，无论他是官员还是公交车司机，都应受到同样的尊重。equally
"平等地，同样地"，符合句意。
42.steady→steadily 考查副词。修饰动词grow该用副词，所以应用steady的副词形式steadily。
43.such→so 考查固定搭配。由"I don't think so."的固定表达可知，应将such改为so。
44.terrible→terribly 修饰形容词应用副词，故用terribly。
45.before→ago 考查副词。ago是个后置副词，放在表示时间的词语之后，因此把before 改为ago。
46.somewhere→everywhere 考查副词。根据语境可知，此处表示"到处都是这种植物"，因此把somewhere改为everywhere。
题组3形容词和副词的比较等级
47.greater 考查形容词的比较级。根据语境及下文的"and less importance"可知，此处应用形容词的比较级来修饰importance，故填greater。
48.the best 句意：安迪很满意这个玩具。这是他至今得到的最好的玩具。根据句意可知，空格处用形容词的最高级，形容词的最高级前须加定冠词the。
49.cleaner 考查形容词的比较级。空后的than ever暗示空处应填形容词的比较级cleaner。
50.the best 考查形容词最高级。句意：Raymond的父母想让他拥有可能的最好的教育。根据句意可知，此处应用"the+形容词最高级"来表示三者或三者以上程度最高。
51.better 句意：它或许不是一个好建议，但在有更好的建议之前，我们先凑合一下。此处暗含比较，表示"一条更好的建议"，是泛指。
52.more meaningful 句意：我认为每天晚上看电视是浪费时间——有更有意义的事可以去做。根据句意可知，此处应用meaningful的比较级形式。
53.the most inspiring 句意：这是我看过的最鼓舞人心的电影了。by far可用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级或最高级。根据that引导的定语从句的描述可知，应用最高级形式。
54.better 句意：结果对我们来说不太重要，但是如果我们确实赢了，那就更好了。so much the better表示"那就更好了"，为固定搭配。
55.more concerned 句意：事故发生后，我们比以往更关注校车安全了。由than可知此处要用比较级，且这里指"更关注"，故用more concerned。
56.more 句意：很多人都捐献了那种血型的血，然而，血库需要更多。由Many people和however可知应用more表示"更多"。
57.worse→worst 考查形容词最高级。句中有表示范围的in my life，同时应与前面的best保持一致。
58.favoritest→favorite 句意：我做的饭菜妈妈最喜欢吃。favorite可用作形容词和名词，表示"特别喜爱的"，没有比较级和最高级的变化。
59.bad→worse 这里用短语to make things/matters worse表示"更糟糕的是"，因此这里用形容词的比较级worse。
题组4倍数表达法
60. as 句意：据说这个发电厂现在是以前的两倍大。倍数的表示法有多种，此处为"倍数+as...as"结构，因此本空填as.
61.little→few 句意：只有少数人被牵涉其中，可能少到只有20人。本句twenty后省略了people，故用few而不是little修饰复数名词。
专题八 特殊句式
2018年
题组2强调
1.that句意：直到汽车停在我们房前时，我们才看到乘客座位上的莉莉。去掉题干中的It was和空格后，剩余部分仍能构成一个完整的主从复合句，因此这是一个强调句式，强调"only+状语从句"，故填that。

题组3其他句式
1.press句意：在任何不安全的情况下，只要按下按钮，一个训练有素的代理人就会使你获得你需要的帮助。分析句子结构可知，此处为"祈使句+and+陈述句"结构，空处为祈使句，所以用动词原形。

2017年
1.句意：正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到我的新邻居。根据句意和句子结构判断，本句使用了强调句式It is/was...that...，被强调的是句中的时间状语从句，因此选D。
2.Turning→Turn。考查谓语动词。此处为祈使句，并和上文中的"Speedup"和"Slow down"并列，故改为动词原形Turn。
2012—2016年
题组1倒装
1.did 根据时间状语"recently"可知本句应用一般过去时。Not until+状语位于句首，句子采用部分倒装的语序。
2.did 句意：直到Lily走进办公室，她才意识到她把合同忘在家里了。"Only+状语从句/介词短语/副词"作状语放在句首时，主句多用部分倒装；由宾语从句中的过去完成时可知，主句应用一般过去时。
3.did 句意：在与两位学生谈过之后我才发现有强烈的动机是实现目标的最大的因素之一。"Only +状语"位于句首，句子要部分倒装。
4.will 句意：只有当你能找到内心的安宁时，你才能与他人保持良好的关系。本句以"Only+状语从句"开头，故主句部分要用部分倒装，且根据句意可知，主句需用一般将来时。
5.had 句意：莫言一走上舞台，观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。此句中使用了no sooner...than...结构，意思是"一……就……"，当no sooner位于句首时，其后的主句常用倒装语序，根据broke可知，空处应用过去完成时。
6.will 句意：直到他为他的粗鲁道歉之后我才会再跟他说话。"only+时间状语（从句）"位于句首时，主句要部分倒装；时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来，主句应用一般将来时，所以此处应该用will。
7.did 句意：真正地历经艰苦之后，他才意识到对家人的爱的重要性。"not until+状语从句"位于句首时，主句要部分倒装；此外，根据语境可知，主句与从句的谓语动词都表示过去发生的动作，且不强调两个动作的先后顺序，所以此处主句谓语用一般过去时，因此助动词用did。
8.did 句意：Michael从来没有想到过有一天他自己会成为班上的一名尖子生。表示否定意义的词位于句首时，句子要部分倒装，此处要把助动词置于主语之前。此外，从句用过去将来时，主句应用一般过去时，因此用助动词did。
9.has 句意：她以前从来没见过任何人打网球打得像Robert那么好。Never before表示否定意义，置于句首，句子要用部分倒装。再结合后面定语从句中的时态可知，这里应用现在完成时。
10.will 否定词nor放在句首时，句子要部分倒装;再根据前面用的是将来时可知，后面的助动词也应用will。
11.did 句意：玛丽把作文又读了一遍之后才注意到那个拼写错误。当"only+状语从句"位于句首时， 主句要部分倒装。由从句中的Mary read可知，动作发生在过去，因此助动词用did。
12.did 句意：直到他三年前从教师岗位上退休他才考虑出国度假。"not until+状语从句"置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装；虽然"考虑"发生在"退休"之后，但此处不强调主从句的动作先后，所以主句仍应该用一般过去时,因此助动词用did。
13.is 否定词nor位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，由题干中的This is可知这里用is。
题组2强调
14.that 句意：你等错地方了，教练是在旅馆接游客的。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个对地点状语进行强调的强调句型，故用that。
15.that 句意：当我们回家的时候，我意识到帮助了有困难的人感觉真好。when we were returning home是一个when引导的时间状语从句，对应的主句是后面整个句子，去掉"It was"和空处，句子成立，说明该句是个强调句型。
16.that 句意：Bach死于1750年，但是直到19世纪早期他的音乐天赋才被完全认可。but之后是一个强调not until引导的时间状语从句的强调句式，故用that。
17.that 句意：是文化，而不是语言，让他难以适应陌生的国外环境。本句是强调句型，被强调部分是主语。
18.that 句意：让生活快乐的不是做我们喜欢的事，而是喜欢我们必须要做的事。此处It's... that...是强调句型。
19.that 句意：在看了文件之后，Gross先生才意识到他面前的这项任务极难完成。将题干中的It was和空格去掉后，剩余部分仍能构成一个完整的主从复合句，显然题干为强调句型，所强调的是after引导的时间状语从句，所以此处应用that构成强调句型的基本框架，that没有实际意义，也不作成分。
20.that 句意：到信尾的时候她才提到了她自己的计划。将题干中的It was和空格去掉后，剩余部分仍能构成一个完整的主从复合句，显然题干为强调句型，所强调的是时间状语，所以此处应用that构成强调句型的基本框架，that没有实际意义，也不作成分。
21.that 句意：早在哥伦布横渡大西洋80年之前，郑和已经航行到东非了。去掉It was和空格后，我们可以得到80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic Zheng He had sailed to East Africa,该句结构和意义均完整，因此题干为强调句型，对时间状语进行了强调，故用that构成强调句型的基本框架。
22.that 分析句子结构可知，此句是一个强调句，其结构为It was…that…，被强调的部分是not until I came here。如果将该强调句还原成正常语序应该是I didn't realize this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather until I came here。
23.that 分析句子结构可知，空格所在句是强调句型的一般疑问句式"Was+it+被强调部分+that/who+其他"。句子强调的是方式状语by cutting down staff，故用that构成强调句型的基本框架。
题组3其他句式
24.make 考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知，but连接两个并列分句。其中第二个分句中，whatever引导让步状语从句，其后为祈使句充当主句。故填make。
25.keep 句意：时刻谨记你的主要任务是让这家公司顺利地运营。这是一个祈使句，应用动词原形。
26.accepted 句意：如果你被录用干这份工作的话，你会很快被通知到的。条件状语从句的主语为you，accept和you为动宾关系，需要用被动语态，当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句谓语部分有be动词时，状语从句的主语和be动词可以省略，补充完整为If you are accepted for the job。
27.left 句意：电子游戏如果使用不当就会产生不良影响。leave与其逻辑主语Video games之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词。if left...是状语从句的省略形式。
28.if 本句的前半句提到此地的气候非常宜人，由此可知"即使曾经发生过(if ever)"，夏天达到30摄氏度的情况也很少出现。
29.didn't must have done的反意疑问句中助动词既可以用have也可以用过去式形式，但是如果语境中出现了明确的过去时间状语则只能用过去式形式，本题中出现了last summer，during your stay,因此只能用didn't。
30.Observe 句意：在实验室做实验时一定要认真观察是否有任何变化发生。分析句子结构可知， carefully if any change occurs为主句，应用祈使句。
31.read 句意：每天大声朗读一句谚语几遍，直到你把它记住。题干中until引导时间状语从句，那么until前的部分为一个完整的句子，结合主句本身的结构可知该主句为祈使句。
32.asked 句意：如果他人让你看行李，立马通知警察。此处If是从属连词，引导条件状语从句，意为"如果"。题干中主句为祈使句，其逻辑主语为you。由句意可知，从句的逻辑主语也是you，且从句谓语动词ask与you之间为动宾关系，那么从句的完整形式应为If you are asked to…else。从句主语与主句主语相同，且从句谓语含有be动词，所以从句主语和be动词可以一同省去，此时从句变为If asked to…else。综上可知本题填asked。
33.consider 分析句子结构可知，逗号前为时间状语从句，逗号后是一个祈使句。由此可知此处应用动词原形。
34.compared 句意：电影的历史要短得多，尤其是同音乐、绘画之类的艺术形式相比较的时候。当主句的主语与从句的主语相同，且从句谓语含有be动词时，通常省略从句中的主语和be动词，此处补充完整为especially when it（指film） is compared to such art forms as music and painting, film与compare之间是动宾关系。
35.is 题干是一个反意疑问句，陈述部分中含有表示否定意义的词little，所以简短问句用肯定形式。
36.They→There 考查There be句型。根据句子结构来判断，要用There be句型，意思是"有"。句意：在上午有三节课，下午有两节课。故把They改为There。
专题九 定语从句
2018年
题组1关系代词引导的定语从句
1.that/ which句意：该评论的两位作者2014年也发表了一项研究，该研究显示每天仅跑步5—10分钟就可以降低心脏病及各种原因导致的早亡的风险。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是a study，指物，且定语从句中缺少主语，故填关系代词that或which。
2.that/which句意：2005年政府开始了一个土壤测试的项目，给农民推荐特定的化肥,中国农业部发现在2005年至2011年间，化肥的使用减少了770万吨。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是a soiltesting program，指物，且定语从句中缺少主语，故填关系代词that或which。
3.which句意：她和她的家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于他们保持健康。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的整个句子，且从句中缺少主语，故填which。
4.who/ that句意：许多来到中国的西方人一旦意识到在外面吃饭有多便宜，就会比在自己国家做饭少得多。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，指代先行词Many westerners，且在从句中作主语，故填who或 that。
5.whose句意：凯特去澳大利亚工作了。读大学的时候我和她的姐姐合住一个房间。从句子结构看，本空要用关系词引导定语从句，先行词为Kate,且关系代词在从句中作定语，因此用关系代词whose引导这个定语从句。

题组2关系副词引导的定语从句
1.where分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是area, 关系词在从句中充当地点状语，因此用where, 相当于in which。
2.which→where或在which前加in此处考查定语从句。先行词是pond，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故应把which改为where或在which前加in。

2017年
1.which 考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，空处指代前句的内容，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词which。
2.who 考查定语从句。此句Sarah是主语，wants是主句谓语，因此可以判断此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为Sarah，从句中缺主语且指人，故填who。
3.who purposes 与the World Food Programme存在"所属"关系，此处指"世界粮食计划署的目的之一"，且空处在句中作定语，因此填whose。
4.that 句意：在日常生活中我们遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。根据句意并分析句子结构可知， we meet in our daily lives为定语从句，修饰先行词problems，且从句缺少宾语，所以用关系代词that引导定语从句。
5.whose 句意：我的大儿子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地，他现在在纽约。从句意和句子结构的衔接看，本空需要关系词引导非限制性定语从句修饰主句的主语My eldest son，并在从句中作定语，因此这里填whose引导定语从句。
6.that改为which。考查关系代词。此处是非限制性定语从句，且关系代词在从句中作主语，指代上文的garden，所以用which来引导该定语从句。
7.they改为that或which。考查定语从句。things是个名词，后面接了一个定语从句，修饰先行词things，既可以用that也可以用which作关系代词。
8.where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the garden，在从句中充当地点状语，故填where。
2012—2016年
题组1关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who 分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Confucius，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填who。
2.whose 句意：我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子总是很吵闹。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导定语从句修饰a couple，且关系词在从句中作定语,故用关系代词whose。
3.whom 定语从句的先行词是young people,most表示他们中的大多数，因此应该使用most of whom。因为先行词指人，不能用of which。
4.which Some experts think是主句，主句之后是省略了连词that的宾语从句；在名词skill之后则是一个由"介词upon+关系代词"引导的定语从句，此处应填关系代词which。句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
5.as 分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代的是整个主句的内容。as引导非限制性定语从句时，表示"如同，正如",符合语境。
6.whose 句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖品，这些书的封面是光亮的。定语从句的先行词为books，它与定语从句的主语是所属关系，所以用关系代词whose引导定语从句。
7.which 句意：他写了许多儿童读物，几乎有一半的书是在二十世纪九十年代出版的。逗号之后是一个修饰children's books 的非限制性定语从句，which指代children's books。
8.which 本句使用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，其中which指代前面整个句子的内容。
9.whose句意：国内市场的利润有所下降的公司有可能到国外寻求机遇。A company为先行词，whose引导定语从句，且在定语从句中作定语。
10.which/that 句意：在水手们面对的很多危险中，可能最大的（危险）是雾。which/that引导定语从句并在从句中作宾语，dangers为先行词。
11.which/that 本题定语从句中的谓语动词spent为及物动词，缺少宾语，关系词为其宾语，故用关系代词which/that。根据先行词year，易错填when，但此处关系词在定语从句中作动词spent的宾语，而不是在定语从句中作时间状语。
12.which/that 因为先行词指物，又因为从句的动词set缺少宾语，所以用关系代词which/that引导定语从句。
13.which 句意：直到现在,我们已经为贫困儿童筹集了50 000英镑,这很出乎意料。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子的内容，并在从句中作主语，可译为"这件事"。
14.which 句意：上周我从图书馆借了《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》这本书，这本书是我的同学推荐给我的。分析句子结构可知， my classmates recommended to me是非限制性定语从句，先行词是the book，关系词在定语从句中作recommended的宾语，应用关系代词which。
15.that 句意：请把你所知道的关于这个职位的候选人的所有信息发给我们。根据句子结构来判断，此处是一个定语从句，其先行词为information，关系词在从句中作have的宾语。由于先行词前有all修饰，故要用that引导定语从句。
16.whose 句意：这本书是以那些生活受到影响的人们的视角来讲述地震中发生的故事的。定语从句中的先行词是those,且空处在从句中作定语，故用关系代词whose引导。
17.which 分析句子结构可知，" he remembers starting as early as his childhood"为非限制性定语从句，先行词是passion，且空处在从句中作宾语，因此填which。
18.as 分析句子结构可知，该题考查非限制性定语从句，所填的词在从句中作主语，as is often the case 常被看作是一个固定搭配，意为"情况通常是这样",所以用as引导。
19.who 句意：幸福和成功往往降临到那些善于意识到自己优点的人的身上。先行词是those，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词who引导定语从句。
20.which/that 分析句子结构可知，空处所缺词引导定语从句，修饰先行词island,并在从句中作主语，所以填which/that。
21.whom 句意：John邀请了大约四十人参加他的婚礼，其中大部分是家庭成员。该定语从句的先行词指人，且most of在从句中充当主语，空处位于介词后，故用关系代词whom引导。
22.which 句意：今天的报纸宣布我们发射了另外一颗人造卫星。此题考查非限制性定语从句，which在这里指代前面整句话的内容，且在从句中作主语。
23.whose 句意：我想感谢Smith教授，没有他的帮助我绝不会取得这样的成绩。从句中的help是名词，与Professor Smith是所属关系，故此处用whose引导定语从句。
24.which 句意：Maria写了两部小说，这两部小说都被拍成了电视剧。逗号后面为非限制性定语从句，又因此处有介词of，因此用关系代词which。
25.which 句意：那天晚上，我工作到很晚,我以后会告诉你更多关于那天晚上的情况。which I will tell you more about later是非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作about的宾语。
26.which 句意：到下午四点半，差不多要关门的时候，几乎所有的画都已经卖光了。先行词是16:30，引导词在从句中作主语，故要用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。
27.what→that/which或去掉what 从句意看，这里what引导的是定语从句修饰the dishes，what不能引导定语从句，应该改为that或which引导从句并在从句中作宾语指物；关系代词在从句中作宾语，此时也可以省略关系代词。
题组2关系副词引导的定语从句
28.when 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，且在从句中作时间状语，故填关系副词when。
29.when 分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，先行词为next week，且关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故用when。
30.where 句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你能听到一些美妙的音乐。分析句子结构可知，you can hear some lovely music是非限制性定语从句，where替代先行词St. Paul's Church在定语从句中作地点状语。
31.when 句意：作为家里孩子中最小的一个,Alex一直渴望着他能够有独立的时间。根据句子结构来判断,此句中the time后面是一个定语从句,且空处在从句中作状语,表示时间,所以要用关系副词when。
32.where 句意：公司老板正在尽力营造一个员工们可以在其中快乐工作的轻松的氛围。空处替代先行词atmosphere，且在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。
33.where 本题的先行词是work,使用关系副词where引导定语从句，在从句中充当状语，相当于in which。
34.where 句意：学生应该参与社区活动，在这些活动中他们能够获得成长的经验。where they can gain experience for growth是定语从句，修饰先行词community activities，关系词where在从句中作状语。
35.when 句意：我盼望我的女儿能读这本书并懂得我对她的感情的那一天的到来。先行词是the day，后面是定语从句，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when。
36.when 先行词为the fifth grade，此处when引导定语从句，并在从句中作时间状语。
37.where 句意：当我到达时，Bryan带我去看了我即将居住的房子。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故应用关系副词where来引导。
38.where 句意：现在人们更加关心他们所居住的环境。分析句子结构可知，空处所缺词引导定语从句，先行词为environment，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where。
39.where 句意：他写了一封信，在信中他解释了那起事故中发生的事情。分析句子成分可知，空处所缺词引导定语从句，a letter是先行词，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。where在这里相当于in which。
40.where 句意：许多国家现在正在建造国家公园，动物和植物在这里可以得到保护。where animals and plants can be protected是定语从句，修饰先行词national parks，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。
41.where 该句中的先行词是a viewing platform，此处关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。
42.when 分析句子结构可知，先行词是an age，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以应该用关系副词when。
题组3"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句
43.which 句意：科学家已经提出了许多关于人类为什么会流泪的理论，其中没有一个得到了证明。该句中的先行词是many theories，关系词在定语从句中作of的宾语，应该用关系代词which，none of which共同构成从句的主语。
44.which 句意：营造一种氛围，让员工们感觉（自己）是团队的一分子，此乃一大挑战。先行词是atmosphere,定语从句中缺少地点状语，且空处前有介词in，故只能填which。
45.which 分析句子结构可知，这是一个主从复合句，each of which引导非限制性定语从句。
46.whom 句中定语从句的先行词是The children，此处关系词在定语从句中作主语指人，故应该用关系代词whom。
47.which 此处为"介词+which"引导的非限制性定语从句。
48.which 分析句子结构可知，ineven the small details of life should be considered是定语从句，此处表示"在这一过程中"，应填which，in which相当于where。
专题十 名词性从句
2018年
题组1宾语从句
1.[2018全国Ⅲ，61]I’m not sure is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
2.[2018天津，9]The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race.

题组3表语从句
1.[2018江苏，21]By boat is the only way to get here, which is we arrived.
2.[2018北京，11]Without his support, we wouldn’t be we are now.
3.[2018北京，15]This is my father has taught me — to always face difficulties and hope for the best.

2017年
题组1 宾语从句
1.where 句意：Jane漫无目的地沿着绿树成荫的街道往前走，不知道要去哪里。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作动词knowing的宾语，且从句中缺少地点状语，故应用where引导。
2.what 空处在句中引导宾语从句，且在宾语从句中作charge的宾语，因此只能用what。half of what it used to charge"它过去所收价格的一半"。
3.whether/if 句意：她问我我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，又根据句意可知此处表示"是否"，故用whether或if引导这个宾语从句。

题组2 主语从句
1.whoever 句意：每年，在风筝节，风筝做得最漂亮的人将赢得一份奖品。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，指人，故用whoever。

2012——2016年
题组1宾语从句
1.how 根据答语"By working out every day."可知,空格处用how来引导宾语从句，表示方式。
2.what 句意：读着她的自传,我对Doris Lessing在文学上已经取得的成就赞叹不已。根据句子结构来判断,for后接一个宾语从句，而从句中缺少宾语,所以要用what。
3.when 句意：我们一定要搞清楚Karl什么时候来，以便我们给他订房间。由句意可知，要给Karl订房间，那么就要清楚他来这里的时间，故填when。
4.where 句意：如果你要计划到达那里的最佳路线，你就必须知道你要去哪儿。根据句意可知，此处应用where引导宾语从句，where在从句中作地点状语。
5.that 句意：我真的相信美是发自内心的。分析句子结构可知，beauty comes from within在句中作believe的宾语，是宾语从句，语意完整，故填that。
6.why 句意：该展览告诉我们为什么我们要采取措施阻止空气污染。根据句意以及句子结构可知，空格处用why引导宾语从句。
7.what 句意：我们很难想象在古代奴隶的生活是什么样子的。what...was like表示"某事是什么样子的"。
8.what what you're afraid to do是宾语从句，what在从句中作do的宾语。
9.how 句意：别让失败的事使你灰心丧气，因为你永远不可能弄清楚你可能离胜利有多近。及物动词tell后接宾语从句，根据句意可知空处修饰形容词close，故应用how。
10.that 句意：专家们认为如果人们只在必要时购物，就会浪费较少的食物。此处that引导的是宾语从句，that在从句中不作成分，可以省略。
11.what 句意：警察找到的东西似乎是那尊丢失的古代雕像。分析句子成分可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用what。
12.that 分析句子成分可知，宾语从句中主谓宾齐全，不缺句子成分，所以填that。
13.that 句意：Jerry不后悔给出评论，但是他觉得自己本来可以用不同的方式来表达的。从句that he could have expressed it differently作felt的宾语，连接词that在从句中不作成分。
14.whatever 句意：这个新来的人几天前去了图书馆，搜寻他能找到的任何关于马克·吐温的资料。空处所填词引导宾语从句，并且在从句中作find的宾语，指物，根据句意可知填whatever。
15.whoever 句意：我们许诺，任何参加这个聚会的人都会有与那个电影明星合影的机会。本句中promise sb. sth.表示"答应某人某事"，whoever引导宾语从句，该从句作promise的宾语，且whoever在宾语从句中作主语,表示"任何人"。
16.how how引导宾语从句，并在从句中作状语，表示方式。
17.that→where 考查宾语从句。此处表达的是"靠近我所居住的地方"，故需将that改为where。where在此引导宾语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。
18.how→what 考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，are talking about 后为宾语从句，且从句中do缺少宾语，故将how改为what。
19.where→that或者去掉where 本句中连词that引导的从句充当动词found的宾语，that不作句子成分只起连接作用，同时宾语从句又可以省略掉连词that。
题组2主语从句
20. Whatever 句意：你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事都会有所帮助。分析句子成分和句意可知，本空需要连接代词引导主语从句并在从句中作do的宾语，表示
"无论什么"，故用Whatever引导这个主语从句。
21.that 名词性从句中句意完整，不缺少成分，因此用that来引导。句中It是形式主语，that引导的主语从句后置。本句句意是：通常对于那些怀揣希望的人来说一切都有可能。
22.How 句意：我们如何理解事物与我们的感受有很大关系。分析句子结构可知，we understand things在句中作主语，是主语从句，根据句意可知，此处应用连接副词How。
23.Where 依据语境可知，此处指有些人对大诗人李白的出生地存在质疑，因此填Where, 引导主语从句。
24.what 分析句子结构可知，think后的宾语从句中含有主语从句和定语从句，主语从句中缺少主语，而且由题干可知，这里指物，故填what。
25.when 句意：土豆被引进欧洲的确切时间不确定，但很可能是在1565年左右。结合句意可知，此处应用when引导主语从句，when在从句中作时间状语。
26.whatever 句意：许多人相信以前已经发生的或者正在发生的任何事情将来都会再次发生。分析句子结构可知，believe后为宾语从句，在宾语从句中， has happened before or is happening now作主语，是主语从句，所填内容在主语从句中作主语，且指任何事物，应用连接代词whatever。
27.When 句意：那班被延误的航班什么时间将起飞主要取决于天气。根据句子的结构来判断， the delayed flight will take off是主语从句，再根据句子的意思来判断，此处表示
"什么时间"，故填When。
28.What 句意：你在会上所说的话描述了公司的光明前景。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作宾语，故用What。
29.whether 句意：这个新成立的委员会的政策能否实施还有待观察。分析句子结构可知，It作形式主语，而真正的主语是后面的从句the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice；再根据句意可判断，此处表示"是否"，故用whether。
30.What 句意：这部电影最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱。 struck me most in the movie为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示"什么"，故用What。
31.Whichever 句意：你们中任何一个人打破窗户都必须赔偿。根据题干中的one of you可知，空处要用whichever修饰one，指"你们中的任何一个人"。
32.What 句意：让这本书如此非凡的是作者创造性的想象力。What makes the book so extraordinary是主语从句，What在从句中作主语。
33.What 句意：我想告诉你的是我对我父母深深的爱和尊重。分析句子结构可知， I want to tell you为主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示"什么"，应用What。
34.that 句意：他突然想起他把钥匙落在办公室里了。It suddenly occurred to sb. that...表示"某人突然想起……"。It在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。
35.whether 句意：在十字路口无论你向左转还是向右转都没关系，两条路都通向公园。句中的It是形式主语，whether引导的主语从句是真正的主语。
36.whether 句意：这个村子里的每个人都很友好。不管你在那里住的时间长或短都没关系。分析句子结构可知，you have lived there for a short or a long time是主语从句，It在此是形式主语，根据空后的or可知，此处应用whether。
37.what 句意：总统能做什么来结束罢工，这点完全不清楚。本句中的It是形式主语，真正的主语是从句 the president can do to end the strike。在从句中，what作do的宾语。
38.whether 句意：一个人的智力极限，通常来说，在出生时就已经定型了，但他是否能够达到这些极限则取决于自己的环境。根据depend on可知，主语从句 he reaches these limits中含有不确定因素，故用whether。
题组3表语从句
39.that 句意：雨季最令人愉快的事是人们可以完全摆脱灰尘。分析句子结构可以看出，本空需要连接词引导表语从句，且连词在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，故用that引导这个从句。
40.what 空处引导的是表语从句，且从句中的介词for缺宾语，故根据语境可知填what。句意：港口里的船是安全的，但那不是建造船的目的。
41.what 句意：正如约翰·列侬曾经说过的一样，当我们正在为生活疲于奔波时，生活已悄然发生。此处应用what引导表语从句，且在表语从句中作主语。
42.where 句意：奶奶指着那家医院说,"那是我出生的地方。"根据语境及句子结构可知，空格处用where引导表语从句。
43.what 分析句子结构可知，空格处应用what引导表语从句，what在从句中作tell 的宾语。
44.when 句意： 对足球明星来说，最得意的时刻是踢进制胜球的时候。分析句子结构可知，he scored the winning goal在句中作表语，是表语从句，根据句意这里应表示"当……时"，应用when。
45.whatwhat 引导表语从句，在从句中充当宾语补足语，意为"……样子的人"。
46.because 句意：从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约71%都被水覆盖着。分析前后两句之间的逻辑关系可知，此处为"前果后因"，应用because。
【技巧点拨】because和why均可引导表语从句，解题时要弄清前后句之间的逻辑关系——是"前因后果"还是"前果后因"。 "前因后果"使用why，"前果后因" 使用because。
题组4同位语从句
47.that 分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导同位语从句，解释说明suggestion的具体内容，且从句句意和句子成分完整，故用that。
48.that 此处用that引导同位语从句，该从句解释说明belief的具体内容，that在从句中不作成分。
专题十一 并列连词和状语从句
2018年
题组1并列连词
1.［2018全国Ⅰ改错］ At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, but he agreed.
2.[2018全国Ⅲ改错]Everyone was silent, waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.

题组2时间状语从句
1.［2018全国Ⅱ改错］The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.

题组3条件状语从句
1.[2018江苏，29] you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
2.[2018北京，2] we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.

题组5其他状语从句
1.[2018天津，4]Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend that they get sweet enough to be eaten.

2017年
题组1 并列连词
1.so ——Peter，请给我们寄一些明信片，这样我们就能知道你去过哪里。——没有问题。根据语境可知，让Peter寄明信片的目的是了解Peter去过哪里，此处表示目的，所以用so连接并列句。注意：不能误填for，如果后半句表示原因可用for，且之前常有逗号隔开。
2.so→but或yet 考查上下文的逻辑关系。根据语境可知，前后两句之间为转折关系，故把so改为but或yet。
3.and→but 考查连词。not only...but also...是固定搭配。 

题组2 时间状语从句
1.until 句意： 如果你遇到不懂的东西，可以搜索、研究以及和其他人交谈，直到你把它弄明白。根据句意可知，空处应用until引导时间状语从句，表示句中的动作"research, study, and talk to other people"一直延续到until引导的从句所表达的时间才结束。

题组4 让步状语从句
1.Although 句意：尽管鸟类用羽毛飞行，但是它们的一些羽毛也有其他用途。根据句意可知，空处用Although引导让步状语从句。

题组5 其他状语从句
1.so 考查固定结构。Pahlsson的尖叫声是如此响亮以至于她的女儿从房子中跑了出来。此处是so...that...结构，表示"如此……以至于……"。
【易错点拨】本题容易误填such，但要注意such后面接名词，而so后面则接形容词或副词。
2.where 句意：江苏位于"一带"和"一路"的交汇处，将对"一带一路"的建设作出更多的贡献。where在此引导地点状语从句。


2012——2016年
题组1并列连词
1.and 分析句子结构及语境可知，Vietnam与空前的"China, Japan, Korea"之间是并列关系，故填并列连词and。
2.and 根据语境可知此处应用and连接两个并列分句。
3.but 句意：他是一个害羞的人，但他不惧怕任何人和事。空处前后两个分句之间为转折关系，故用连词but。
4.so 句意：一些动物将种子从一个地方带到另外一个地方，因此植物可以传播到新的地方。根据句意可知，此处表示结果，应用so（因此）。
5.and 句意：给我一个机会， 我会给你一个惊喜。 从句子的意思来看，前后两句为顺承关系，故填and。
6.but 句意：改变习惯不容易，但是只要有意识和自制力，这就是可能的。由句意可知，此处表示转折关系，故用but。
7.or 句意：在你关闭所有的程序之前不要关掉电脑，否则可能会出现问题。此处用or表示"否则"。
8.while 句意：我们无法得知，为什么一个人有重大发现，而另一个人，也很聪明，却失败了。根据句意可知，空格前后部分为对比关系，故应用while,表示"而，然而"。
9.but/yet 句意:我很高兴再次见到Jenny，但是我不想整天和她在一起。前后两分句之间为转折关系，空处填but或yet均可。
10.and 句意：读读这个故事，然后你就会明白并不是所有东西都能用钱买到。根据句意可知此处表示顺承关系，故用and。
11.while 句意：在学校，有些学生很活跃而有些很腼腆，但他们彼此能成为好朋友。while在此作并列连词，意为"而，然而"，表示对比。
12.yet/but 根据句意"Mike通常很仔细，但这次他犯了个小错误。"可知，此处需要一个表示转折的连词连接两个句子，故填yet或but。
13.or 句意：你必须让一下路，否则卡车无法通过。此处用or表示"否则"。
14.去掉but 从属连词Though（虽然）不可与并列连词but（但是）一起使用，故去掉but。
15.or→and 根据语境可知，此处不是表示选择关系，而是表示"新鲜的蔬菜和优质的油"，故把or改为and。
16.but→and 前后句之间为并列关系，故将but改为and。
17.or→and 根据前后文之间为并列关系可知，此处应把or改为and。
题组2时间状语从句
18.as或when 随着人口的增长或当人口增长时，人们开始把食物切成小片。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导状语从句，表示"随着"或"当……时"，故填as或when。
19.As 句意：随着人口平均年龄的增加，越来越多的老年人需要照顾。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导状语从句，表示"随着"。
20.before 句意：在解决问题之前，我们需要先找出问题的症结所在。before"在……以前",符合句意。
21.before 句意：如果你错过这次机会，可能过很多年才能再有一次机会。该句考查"it will/may be +一段时间 +before..."句式， 表示"过多久才……"。
22.before 句意：在你最喜欢的乐队现场演出之前仅有一天的时间了。根据句意可知，空格处用before引导时间状语从句。
23.Once 句意：一旦损害造成，农田恢复将需要很多年的时间。once意思是"一旦"。
24.once 句意：我相信,一旦你逐渐认识了每一个人，你在这里将会有一段快乐的时光。根据句子前后的意思可知,应用once。
25.when 句意：当我父亲叫醒我并让我看足球赛时，时间是半夜。结合句意可知，空处引导时间状语从句，表示"当……时"，故填when。
26.before 句意：那对年轻的夫妇归还了我丢失的钱包，在我问他们的名字之前他们就离开了。根据句子的意思可知，空处表示"在……之前"，故填before。
27.Once 句意：一旦你开始以更健康的方式进食，控制体重将变得更加容易。once 可作为从属连词，表示"一旦"，连接一个表示时间的状语从句，从句中常用一般现在时表将来。
28.before 句意：做任何决定之前你必须学会顾及自己的情感和理智。此处用before引导时间状语从句。
29.when 句意：当你们有相似的兴趣时，你们更容易成为朋友。when表示时间，有时也表示条件。
30.Whenever/When 句意：无论何时需要发表演讲，我在开始之前都会很紧张。根据句意可知，所填词引导时间状语从句,所以用Whenever。另外，本空填When也符合题意。
31.since 句意：自我从国外回来以后，我就听说了很多关于你的好事。since"自……以后，从……以来"，引导时间状语从句，主句常用现在完成时。
32.as/when 句意：当Mary为她醉酒的朋友道歉的时候，他有礼貌地笑了笑。此处用as/when引导时间状语从句，表示"当……的时候"。
33.after→when/while 考查时间状语从句。句意：当我把它们打包起来的时候，一些（饼干）掉到了地板上。表示"当……的时候"，要用when或while。
题组3条件状语从句
34. unless 句意：天太冷了，除非你严严实实地裹上厚衣服，否则你不能出去。unless
"除非"，符合句意。
35.unless 句意：除非你完全致力于你的工作，否则你将永远不会获得成功。根据句意可知，完全致力于工作是成功的条件，故填unless。
36.case 句意：我将外出一段时间。如果发生重要的事情,请立刻给我打电话。in case
"如果，假若……的话"，引导条件状语从句。根据句意可知，空格处用In case引导条件状语从句。
37.Unless 句意：除非有足够的证据，否则我们就不能胜诉。根据句意可知填Unless
"除非"。
38.unless 句意：她说她将不得不关掉商店，除非生意好转。根据句意可知填unless。
39.unless 句意：希腊政府很难克服当前的困难，除非它得到欧盟更多的财政资助。unless
"除非，如果不"，符合句意。
40.as 句意：只要你答应不要开得太快，我可以把车借给你。根据句意可知，you promise not to drive too fast是借车的前提，故填as,as long as"只要"。
题组4让步状语从句
41.even though 句意：我爷爷虽然已经90多岁了，但他有时还打网球。根据句意并分析句子成分可知，本空需要从属连词引导让步状语从句。even though表示"尽管，虽然"，符合句意。
42.Although/Though/While 句意：虽然在线购物已经改变了我们的生活，但它的影响并不全是积极的。此处while意为"虽然"，引导让步状语从句。也可填Although/Though。
43.Although/Though/While 句意：尽管这项工作要花大量的时间，但是大多数学生认为去体验一番还是值得的。根据句意可知，此处应填让步状语从句的引导词Although/Though/While（虽然，尽管）。
44.While/Though/Although 句意：虽然学生们来自于不同的国家，但他们在夏令营中相处得很好。此处用While/Though/Although引导让步状语从句，表示"虽然，尽管"。
45.although/though 句意：尽管我不得不承认他的书很振奋人心，但我并不是真的喜欢这位作家。前后两个分句之间为让步关系，用although/though引导让步状语从句。
46.though/if 句意：尽管森林公园很远，每年仍有很多游客前去游览。even though/if意为"即使"，引导让步状语从句，符合句意。
47.though/although 从句意可知， 尽管历史不可改变，但是却可以从中学到教训。
48.how 句意：一个人不论他生活中的日程有多满，总是能设法做更多的事情。空格后面的full是形容词，所以应该用how修饰，no matter how引导让步状语从句。
49.though/if 句意：他很忙。即使他想陪他的儿子也没有足够的时间。even if/though引导让步状语从句。分析句意及句子间的逻辑关系可知填though/if。
50.Although/Though 句意：尽管这个公司很小，但它在30多个国家有大约1 000个买主。此处Although/Though small相当于Although/Though it is small。
【知识拓展】as与although (或though)等都可以引导让步状语从句，含义是"虽然，尽管"，但它们有区别。although语气稍正式些，可放在句首，也可放在句中，主句中不能再用but，但可以用yet；as所表示的语气较强，引导的让步状语从句应用倒装语序。如： ①Although he is quite old, he still jogs every day.虽然他年纪相当大，但他仍然每天慢跑。②Strange as it may seem, nobody was injured in the accident.虽然这很奇怪，但这起事故中没有人受伤。
51.While/Though/Although 句意：虽然我总感觉这次考试我能及格，但是我从来没有想到我会得A。根据句意可知，前后两句之间是让步关系，所以用While/Though/Although，意为"尽管，虽然"。
52.However 句意：不论你怎么努力，如果不减少饭量，你就很难减肥。空后面的hard是副词，所以用However，However在此引导让步状语从句。
53.although/though 句意：虽然我得说你看起来的确很面熟，但是我认为我们以前没有见过。结合空格前后两部分的内容可知所填词在此引导让步状语从句。
54.if/though 根据答语句意"别担心。即使下雨，我们仍然会玩得很开心"可知，应用even if/though引导让步状语从句。
55.as 句意：夜晚的空气虽然很热，但因长途旅行之后很累，我们睡得很沉。as"虽然"，引导让步状语从句时，从句用倒装语序。
题组5其他状语从句
56.because 句意：我非常喜欢听音乐，因为它能帮助我放松，让我不再去想一天中其他的烦心事。根据句意可知，这里应用because引导原因状语从句，说明喜欢听音乐的原因。
57.as 句意：正如一个单词能改变一个句子的意思一样，一个句子能改变一个段落的意思。just as意为"正如，正像"。
58.Where 根据前后句的语境可知，此处应用where 引导地点状语从句。句意：在他曾经想要放弃的地方，他现在有着更进一步、不断向前的决心。
59.so that 句意：Cathy在她儿子出生时辞职了，以便能待在家里抚养孩子。so that"以便"，表示目的，符合句意。
60.where 此处where意为"在……的地方"，引导地点状语从句。句意：半个小时之后，Lucy在她下公交车的地方仍然没有打到车。
61.since/for/because 句意：Mark需要学汉语，因为他的公司要在北京开一个分公司。根据句意可知，此处应填since/for/because"因为"。
62.wherever 分析句子结构可知， it is discovered为状语从句，所填词在从句中作地点状语，因此填wherever,表示"无论在哪里"。
63.where 分析句子结构可知主句Everything was placed缺少地点状语，故用where引导地点状语从句。
64.as/for/because —教练，我可以继续训练吗？—很抱歉，不可以，因为你还没有从膝盖受伤中恢复过来。此处应用引导原因状语从句的连接词as/because。此处也可以填for,连接并列句。
65.where 句意：如果你碰巧在野外迷路了，最好待在原地，等待帮助。此处用where引导地点状语从句。
66.in 句意：留一把钥匙给你的邻居，以防哪天你把自己锁在门外。根据句意可知，此处用in case引导目的状语从句，in case表示"以防，万一"。
67.去掉very 这里 so...that...引导结果状语从句，表示"如此……以至于……"，因此very应去掉。
专题十二 情态动词和虚拟语气
2018年
题组1情态动词的基本用法
1.can句意：在当今的信息时代，数据的丢失会给公司带来严重的问题。根据语境可知，此处应用can表示"可能，会"。
2.should句意：很奇怪，他竟然未经主人的许可就拿走了那些书。should"竟然"，符合句意。
3.删掉not后的to would是情态动词，在此处表示意愿，后应跟动词原形，故to多余。

题组2"情态动词+have done"的用法
1.could/might have left根据句意及时间状语yesterday可判断，此处表示对过去情况的推测；根据下文"我不肯定"可知，应用"情态动词could/might + have done"结构。

题组3虚拟语气
1.had driven句意：如果再开几千米，他们可能会找到一家更好的旅馆。根据语境可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中应该用过去完成时。
2.had根据"There is a good social life in the village"可知，时间的着眼点是现在，因此wish后的从句是对现在情况的虚拟，应用一般过去时。
3.had caught根据句意可知，此处是一个虚拟条件句，条件从句中有时间状语yesterday，因此从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故从句中的谓语动词应用过去完成时。

2017年
题组1 情态动词的基本用法
1.can 句意：Samuel是我们班最高的男孩，他能轻易地够着书架顶层的书。根据句意可知，空处表能力，故填can。
2.needn’t 句意：我的房间里乱糟糟的，不过我今天晚上出门之前没必要打扫，我可以上午再打扫。根据空后的"I can do it in the morning"及句意可知，空处表示"没有必要"，因此填needn’t。

题组3 虚拟语气
1.wouldn’t/couldn't/mightn't/shouldn't have been ——你有Betty的电话号码吗？——是的，不然我昨天就不可能联系上她了。根据句中的时间状语和副Otherwise判断，这里表示与过去事实相反的假设，此时谓语用"could/might/would/should+完成式"。
2. had been put 句意：如果新的安全系统已经投入使用，那场事故就不会发生了。根据句意、句子结构以及句中的信息would never have happened可知，句中If引导的是虚拟条件从句，表示对过去的情况进行假设，故从句用过去完成时。
2012——2016年
题组1情态动词的基本用法
1.couldn't 句意：这真的很让人恼火，我无法使用你推荐的那个数据库。根据句意可知应填couldn't表示"不能够"。
2.needn't 句意：我喜欢周末，因为在星期六和星期天我不需要早起。语境表示"不需要，不必"，故用needn't。
3.must 句意：你一定是Carol。这么多年来你一点儿没变。依据第二句可知，此处应用must 表示很有把握的推测,意为"一定,肯定",只用于肯定句,一般不用于否定句或疑问句。
4.couldn't 句意：太吵了，我们都没法听到自己说话。情态动词couldn't表示"不能"，符合句意。
5.must 句意：你一定要小心这个相机。它很贵的！根据语境可知，空格处用must"一定"。
6.may 句意：你可能感觉到所有的培训都是浪费时间,但是我百分之百地确信以后你将感谢你所做的这一切。根据句子中的"but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it"可判断出,表示对前面情况的一种推测,所以要用may"也许，可能"。
7.would 句意：我仍然记得我的快乐的童年,那时母亲常会在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。would可表示习惯性动作，意为"常会，总是"。
8.needn't 因为事先订好了比萨饼，所以当然就不必在回家很累时担心做饭问题了。因此应该填needn't"不必"。
9.might 句意：生活是不可预料的，即使是最贫穷的人也可能成为最有钱的人。might表示"可能"。
10.Can 句意：我可以和你谈谈吗？不会用太长时间。can作情态动词讲时表示许可，意为"可以"，符合语境。
11.could 句意：我还是个孩子的时候，什么时候我想看电视就可以看电视。could"能，可以"符合题意。
12.could 句意：不会有人比他更慷慨了，他有一颗金子般的心。could"能，可以"。
13.couldn't 句意：练习中引起问题的不可能是你的词汇，因为你认识很多词。由句意可知，主句表示否定意义；所填词表示"不可能"，所以填couldn't。
14.wouldn't 句意：无论她怎么努力去推，这扇门就是打不开。情态动词will表示事物的倾向性和特性，意为"总是，会"。因后半句用的是一般过去时，因此空处应用will的过去式would，根据语境可知此处表示否定意义。
15.might 句意："这个周六你要干什么？""我不确定。但我可能会去看滚石演唱会。"所填词意为"可能"，表示一种可能性，所以本题填might。
16.shall 句意：我们的其中一条规则就是，每个学生在校期间都必须穿校服。shall与第三人称连用表示规定。
17.needn't 句意：我不必用钟表叫醒自己，因为火车每天早上六点经过我的房子。根据原因状语从句的内容可知此处表示的是"不必"，故填needn't。
18.must 句意：开银行账户时，你必须带上身份证。根据常识和句意可知此处表示"必须"，故填must。
19.Must 句意："你偏要现在打扰我吗？难道你没有看到我正在打电话吗？""对不起，先生，但是情况紧急。"must表示"偏要，偏偏"，符合语境。
20.can 句意：如果我能找到钱，我就可以和约翰一起去欧洲度假。can意为"能，可以"，符合语境。
21.might 句意：我足够靠近他们，听到他们在说汉语，我说了声"你好"，就像在中国我可能会做的那样。might在此意为"可能"，表示一种可能性。
22.chose→choose 考查情态动词的用法。情态动词后接动词原形。
23.found→find 在情态动词must 之后应用动词原形，因此把found改为find。
24.sat→sit 根据句子结构可知，lie和sat是并列关系，由于在情态动词can之后，所以应用动词原形。故把sat改为sit。
题组2"情态动词+have done"的用法
25.needn't 句意：来到这所新学校之前，我本没有必要担忧，因为这儿的同学们对我非常友好。needn't have done"没有必要做但做了"。
26.should 根据语境可知，本句用should have done sth.表示"本应该做某事"，暗含对对方的责怪。
27.could 句意：我的书《哈迪斯之屋》丢了。谁可能拿走了它？根据句意可知，该句表示对过去某事的推测，故要用could have done。
28.must 句意：因为没有人帮助他，他一定是独自进行研究的。由Since nobody gave him any help可知，主句谓语部分表示对过去的情况把握较大的肯定推测，所以主句谓语应用must have done sth.的形式，must have done sth. 表示"一定做了某事"。
29.must have got 句意：孩子们一定是在树林里迷路了，否则他们已经按照安排到湖边的营地了。由题干的后一个分句可知，此处表示对过去的情况把握较大的肯定推测，故用must have done（一定做了某事）结构。
30.couldn't have enjoyed 句意：我从没有玩得这么开心过——真是完美的一天。此处是否定词not与more连用，表示最高级的含义，同时couldn't have done表示"过去不可能做过某事"。
题组3虚拟语气
31.would have injured 根据"I was wearing a seatbelt""If I hadn't been wearing one"可判断出，此处是对与过去事实相反的情况的虚拟，从句用了过去完成时，主句应用"would have done"结构。
32.had told 句意：你上个星期为什么不告诉我你的问题呢？如果你告诉我了，我就能帮你了。根据句意及空后的"could have helped"判断，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，应用过去完成时。
33.would have 句意：幸运的是我们预订了一间房。否则，我们现在就没有待的地方了。根据语境可知or之前的句子是陈述语气，是事实；or之后的句子是虚拟语气，是与现在事实相反的假设，故用would have。
34.danced 句意：Ellen是一个极出色的舞者。我希望我能够跳得和她一样好。动词wish后的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气。再根据句意,此处表示对现在情况的一种假设,所以从句中的谓语动词要用一般过去式。
35.hadn't seen 句意：如果不是亲眼所见，我是不会相信的。根据主句谓语wouldn't have believed 可知，这里考查的是if条件句中对过去情况的虚拟，if条件句中应用过去完成时，故答案为hadn't seen。
36.wouldn't have written 句意：没有战争时的经历，海明威不会写出他的著名小说《永别了，武器》。该句使用了含有without 的含蓄虚拟语气，依据语境可知，这里是对过去情况的假设，因此主句用would + have done结构。
37.had been 句意：如果Dewey先生在场的话，他就会为那里的人提供任何可能的帮助。从主句中的would have offered可以看出，从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故应用过去完成时。
38.stayed 句意：我们宁愿我们的女儿和我们待在家里，但是这是她的选择，她不再是个孩子了。would rather意思是"宁愿"，后接从句，从句中常用虚拟语气，如果是对现在或将来情况的虚拟，从句谓语用一般过去时。
39.would have come 句意：我们进行调查研究的那几个月他们刚好在国外，否则他们会来帮忙的。此处为与过去情况相反的虚拟语气，故应用would have done结构。
40.had done as if从句可以用虚拟语气，表示与某一事实相反的情况，因为第一句交代John打破窗户已经是过去的情况了，故从句用过去完成时。
41.Had he caught 句意： 要是他赶上了上午的火车，他就不会开会迟到了。这是一个省略了if的虚拟条件句，将句子还原后为If he had caught the morning train。 主句中的would not have been late 则暗示这里是对过去情况的假设，虚拟条件句中，如含有were, had, should等，且省略if时，常用倒装。
42.hadn't 句意："今天早上下大雨了。很高兴我们带了把伞。""是的，如果没带伞我们全身都会湿透的。"从句意可知，题干下句所说的是非真实的情况，由题干上句中的this morning可知，此处表示对过去情况的虚拟，故从句谓语用过去完成时。此处if we hadn't是省略句，其完整结构为if we hadn't had one。
43.had thought 句意：如果我认为你是认真的，我就不会笑了。题干为虚拟条件句，由主句的谓语形式可知，此处表示对过去情况的虚拟，所以条件从句的谓语形式应为had done。
44.be 句意：眼科医生建议孩子6个月大时就应该进行第一次眼部检查。recommend作"建议"解时，其后的宾语从句应该用虚拟语气，即从句谓语形式为"should+动词原形"，其中should可以省去。
45.had been 句意：假如我的车更可靠的话，我去年夏天就会开车而不是坐飞机去拉萨了。分析句子可知，题干为表示与过去情况相反的虚拟条件句，此时从句谓语应用had done。
46.were to live 题干中thinks后面内容使用了虚拟语气。如果她住在那里，她就不能经常看到她的父母了。此处表示对将来情况的虚拟，故从句谓语可使用过去式,"should+动词原形"或"were to+动词原形"。
47.hadn't offered 句意：如果昨天Harold没送我们回家，我们会坐出租车回家的。由主句中的would have called a taxi可知，此处表示对过去情况的虚拟， 因此填hadn't offered。
48.hadn't made 句意：如果我们没有做好充分的准备，会议不可能这么成功。这是虚拟条件句，主句谓语用的是wouldn't have been，说明是与过去事实相反的情况，由此推断出从句谓语要用"had+过去分词"的形式。再根据句意可知应用否定形式。
49.去掉can或can→should 考查虚拟语气。suggest 意为"建议"时，其后的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略。
50.are→were 从句意看，这是一个虚拟语气的主从条件复合句，表示与现在及将来相反的假设，因此此处的条件从句应该用一般过去时表示虚拟语气。