专题7 定语从句（带答案解析）2022年高三高考英语考点专题专项突破试题集（全国通用）

这是一份专题7 定语从句（带答案解析）2022年高三高考英语考点专题专项突破试题集（全国通用），共11页。试卷主要包含了【2020·天津】6．Dr，【2019·江苏】 21，【2019·天津】11，【2018·北京】5，【2018·天津】2，【2018·江苏】23，【2017·北京卷】31，【2017·江苏】28等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1.【2020·江苏卷】21．Many lessns are nw available nline, frm _____ students can chse fr free.
A．whseB．whichC．whenD．whm
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessns，关系词在从句中做介词frm的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。故选B。
2.【2020·天津】6．Dr. Rwan, ______ secretary resigned tw weeks ag, has had t d all his wn typing.
A．whseB．f whmC．f whichD．which
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned tw weeks ag是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rwan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示”Dr. Rwan’s “，表示”……的”，应用关系代词whse引导该从句，故选A。
3.【2019·江苏】 21.We have entered int an age _______ dreams have the best chance f cming true.
A. whichB. whatC. whenD. that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。 故选C。
4.【2019·天津】11.Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual wrds but nt full sentences.
A. whyB. where
C. whichD. what
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual wrds but nt full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。
5.【2018·北京】5. She and her family bicycle t wrk, _________ helps them keep fit.
A. which B. wh C. as D. that
【答案】A
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“____ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。
6.【2018·天津】2. Kae, _________sister I shared a rm with when we were at cllege, has gne t wrk in Australia.
A. whm B. that
C. whse D. her
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whse。故选C。
7.【2018·江苏】23. Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest f the wrld are n the same starting line.
A. that B. where
C. which D. when
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。故选B。
8.【2017·北京卷】31. The little prblems ______ we meet in ur daily lives may be inspiratins fr great inventins.
A. that B. as C. where D. when
【答案】A
试题分析：A. that 那个 B. as 因为 C. where 哪里 D. when什么时候。句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。此句是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是prblems，用that。
考点：考查定语从句。
9.【2017·江苏】28. In 1963 the UN set up the Wrld Fd Prgramme, ne f _______ purpses is t relieve wrldwide starvatin.
A. which B. it’s C. whse D. whm
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是“the Wrld Fd Prgramme”，“世界粮食项目”的目的之一是……，
whse在定语从句中作定语，这里限定purpses，故选C。句意：1963年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，
其目的之一就是为了缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。
10.【2017·天津】9. My eldest sn, _______ wrk takes him all ver the wrld, is in New Yrk at the mment.
A. that B. whse C. his D. wh
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我的最大儿子，他的工作带他去全世界，现在在纽约。本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是my eldest sn, 根据句意和空后名词，确定引导词做定语，在定语从句中只有引导词whse修饰名词做定语，意为：...的...。故选B。
11.【2016·北京】22. I live next dr t a cuple ________ children ften make a lt f nise.
A. whse B. why C. where D. which
【答案】A
【解析】题目考查定语从句的关系词。a cuple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和cuple是所属关系，故用whse作定语，whse children相当于the children f whm，故选A。
12.【2016·江苏】23.Many yung peple, mst ______were well-educated, headed fr remte regins t chase their dreams.
A.f whichB.f themC.f whmD.f thse
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many yung peple，关系代词whm指代先行词，在定语从句中作为介词f的宾语。句意：很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想，其中大部分人都是受过良好教育。故C正确。
13.【2016·天津】9. We will put ff the picnic in the park until next week, ____ the weather may be better.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。使用定语从句，先行词是next week，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语。故选D。
14.【2016·浙江】11. Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears , nne f ______ has been prved.
A. whm B. which C. what D. that
【答案】B
【解析】句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。使用定语从句，先行词是theries，指物，定语从句中用代词+介词+关系代词which引导。故选B。
15.【2015·湖南】29.It is a truly delightful place, ________ lks the same as it must have dne 100 years ag with its winding streets and pretty cttages..
A. as B. whereC. thatD. which
【答案】D
【解析】根据分析，此句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是place，在定语从句中是作主语的，所以用关系代词引导。As引导非限定性定语从句时要放在句首，故排除，选用which。句意：这真是一个令人愉快的地方，这里的蜿蜒的小路和美丽的小村庄一定和100年前看起来是一模一样的。故选D
16.【2015·北京】24.Oppsite is St.Paul's Church,___yu can hear sme lvely music.
A. which B.that C.when D.where
【答案】D
【解析】句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。这是一个定语从句。先行词是St. Paul’s Church，从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出引导词在从句中作的是地点状语。用where。故选D。
17.【2015·重庆】14. He wrte many children’ s bks, nearly half f____ were published in the 1990s.
A. whm B. which C. them D. that
【答案】B
【解析】句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，几乎一半在1990年左右出版。先行词是bks，定语从句中f缺少宾语，故选B项。
18.【2015·浙江】19. Creating an atmsphere emplyees feel part f a team is a big challenge.
A. as B. whse C. in which D. at which
【答案】C
【解析】句意：创造一种雇员感觉是其中一员的氛围是一个大的挑战。这是一个定语从句，in the atmsphere “在氛围中”是一个固定搭配。此处也可以是where. 分析句子结构和结合四个选项，知道在这里面所需要填的是连词。然后空格之前是一个名词，这种情况首先考虑的是定语从句。然后分析之后的句子是具备完整的结构（有了主语emplyees和宾语part f a team）所以这应该是需要一个充当状语的连词，如where, when , why. 由于when用于时间，Why用于原因，剩下的使用where，所以这里填where。但是答案没有这个选项，根据搭配介词+which=where 及in atmsphere 是固定搭配，不难得出答案。
19.【2015·天津】15 The bss f the cmpany is trying t create an easy atmsphere ______ his emplyees enjy their wrk.
A. where B. whichC. whenD. wh
【答案】A
【解析】句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为atmsphere，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。根据句意可知选A。
20.【2015·四川】3.The bks n the desk, cvers are shiny, are prizes fr us.
A．which B. what C. whse D. that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。本题考查定语从句的关系词，先行词为the bks，和cvers之间存在所有关系，故选择C，意为书的封面。句意为：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。
21.【2015·陕西】15. As the smallest child f his family, Alex is always lnging fr the time he shuld be able t be independent.
A. which B. where C. whm D. when
【答案】D
【解析】句意：作为家里最小的孩子，Alex总是渴望他能够有独立的时间。这里使用定语从句，先行词是the time，定语从句中缺少时间状语，用关系副词when，所以选D。
II.语法填空
1.【2020·全国新课标III】In ancient China lived an artist， 61 paintings were almst lifelike.
【答案】whse
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whse。故填whse。
2.【2020·全国新课标I】Because the mn’s bdy blcks direct radi cmmunicatin with a prbe, China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt 63． it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spt，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
3.【2020·全国新高考I山东卷】The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane, fr example, frmed the cre cllectin f the British Museum 39． pened in 1759.
【答案】which/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
4.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Nw Irene Astbury wrks frm 9am t 5pm daily at the pet shp in Macclesfield， ___62___ she pened with her late husband Les.
【答案】where
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shp，在非限制性定语从句中作pened一词的宾语，故用which。
5.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring fr these animals.
【答案】wh
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填wh。
6.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】On the edge f the jacket, there is a piece f clth ___58___gives ff light in the dark.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是clth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
7.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】The students benefitting mst frm cllege are thse ___9___ are ttally engaged(参与)in academic life.
【答案】wh/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。___3___ are ttally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词thse，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填wh或that。
8. 【2018·全国I】Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014___66___shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all causes.
【答案】that \which
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。
9. 【2018·全国II】The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the gvernment started a sil-testing prgram ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recmmendatins t farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use drpped by 7.7 millin tns.
【答案】 that/which
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代prgram并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。
10. 【2018·浙江卷】Many westerners ___57___ cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw cheap it can be t eat ut.
【答案】wh/that
【解析】考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词wh/that引导，故填wh/that。
11.[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]
Like anything, it is pssible t have t much f bth, 70.________ is nt gd fr the health.
【答案】which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知which is nt gd fr the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的t have t much f bth，即“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。故填which。
12.[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]
But Sarah, 64.________ has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels, wants t prve that she has brains as well as beauty.
【答案】 wh
【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空后面是一个定语从句，缺少连接词，代指先行词Sarah, 在从句中作主语，故填wh。
13.[2017·浙江卷6月考]
Pahlssn and her husband nw think the ring prbably gt swept int a pile f kitchen rubbish and was spread ver the garden, 64.________ it remained until the carrt's leafy tp accidentally spruted (生长) thrugh it.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。此处先行词是the garden，在从句中充当地点状语，故填where。
14.【2016·全国新课标I】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
But my cnnectin with pandas ges back t my days n a TV shw in the mid-1980s, ____65_ I was the first Western TV reprter permitted t film a special unit caring fr pandas rescued frm starvatin in the wild.
【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，从句缺少状语，因为先行词是时间，故填when。
15.(2015·江苏,21)The number f smkers, is reprted, has drpped by 17 percent in just ne year.
【答案】as
【解析】as在此处引导定语从句,且在从句中作主语,意为“正如”,代替整个主句的内容。
16.(2015·湖南,29)It is a truly delightful place, lks the same as it must have dne 100 years ag with its winding streets and pretty cttages.
【答案】which
【解析】which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词place且在从句中作主语。
17.(2015·浙江,19)Creating an atmsphere in emplyees feel part f a team is a big challenge.
【答案】which
【解析】先行词为atmsphere,在从句中作逻辑上的地点状语,此处in which相当于where。
18.(2015·重庆,14)He wrte many children?s bks, nearly half f were published in the 1990s.
【答案】which
【解析】根据句子结构可知,此处考查非限制性定语从句。关系代词which指代前面的bks,作介词f的宾语。
19.(2015·四川,3)The bks n the desk, cvers are shiny,are prizes fr us.
【答案】whse
【解析】先行词为bks,和cvers之间是逻辑上的所属关系,故用关系代词whse。
20.(2015·安徽,28)Sme experts think reading is the fundamental skill upn schl educatin depends.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词表示物,故用关系代词which充当介词upn的宾语。
21.(2015·福建,34)China Tday attracts a wrldwide readership, shws that mre and mre peple all ver the wrld want t learn abut China.
【答案】which
【解析】先行词是前面的整个主句,空格处在从句中作主语,故用which。
22.(2015·全国Ⅰ,64)I?d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place fr turists seeking the limestne muntain tps and dark waters f the Li River are pictured by artists in s many Chinese paintings.
【答案】that/which
【解析】先行词指物,空格处在从句中作主语,故用that或which。
23.(2014·全国Ⅰ,67)Maybe yu have a habit is driving yur family crazy.
【答案】that/which
【解析】先行词指物,空格处在从句中作主语,故用that或which。
24.(2014·安徽,22)The exact year Angela and her family spent tgether in China was 2008.
【答案】which/that/不填
【解析】先行词是year,空格处在定语从句中作spent的宾语且指物,故用which,也可用that或省略。
25.(2014·山东,10)A cmpany prfits frm hme markets are declining may seek pprtunities abrad.
【答案】whse
【解析】先行词cmpany和prfits是逻辑上的所属关系。故用关系代词whse引导定语从句且在句中作定语修饰prfits。
26.(2014·重庆,9)We?ll reach the sales targets in a mnth we set at the beginning f the year.
【答案】which/that/不填
【解析】先行词targets在逻辑上是set的宾语,故用关系代词which或that,也可以省略。
27.(2014·四川,4)Until nw,we have raised 50,000 punds fr the pr children, is quite unexpected.
【答案】which
【解析】先行词是前面的整个主句,空格处在从句中作主语,故用which。
28.(2014·陕西,13)Please send us all the infrmatin yu have abut the candidate fr the psitin.
【答案】that/不填
【解析】先行词infrmatin在定语从句中充当have的逻辑宾语,前面又有all修饰,故只能用that而不用which,也可以省略that。
III.短文改错
1.【2020·全国新课标II】Thank yu fr yur letter, what really made me happy.
【答案】将what改为which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：谢谢你的来信，你的信真正让我开心。分析句子，逗号后的从句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词yur letter，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故将what改为which.
2.【2020·全国新课标III】Understanding her gd intentins, I eat all the fd what is prvided by Mm with appreciatin.
【答案】what改成that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：出于对妈妈好意的理解，我满怀感激地吃着妈妈提供的所有食物。这里含有一个定语从句，先行词是all the fd，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，可用that或which，先行词被all所修饰，只能使用that，不能使用which，且what不能引导定语从句，所以what改成that。
3.【2019·新课标I卷·短文改错】One afternn where I was in primary schl, I was walking by the schl playgrund.
【答案】One afternn I was in primary schl, I was walking by the schl playgrund.
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词ne afternn表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when。
4.【2019·新课标III卷·短文改错】 In the cafe, custmers will enjy themselves in the histrical envirnment what is created fr them.
【答案】
In the cafe, custmers will enjy themselves in the histrical envirnment is created fr them.
【解析】本句考查定语从句。先行词envirnment 在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故 把what改为that/which。
5.【2018·全国I】They als had a small pnd which they raised fish.
【答案】They als had a small pnd they raised fish.
【解析】
6.[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]
In their spare time，they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden，that is n the rftp f their huse.
【答案】that改为which
【解析】考查定语从句。该处前有逗号，后句为非限制性定语从句，故用which。
7.[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]
Arund me in this/the picture are the things they were very imprtant in my life at that time:
【答案】they→that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知，前面的倒装句“Arund me in the picture are the things…”是一个单句，而后面的“…they were very imprtant in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.”也是一个单句，在这种情况下，要么在两个单句之间用并列连词连接，要么把后面这个单句变为从句。从句意上看，这里变为定语从句更为合理，故把they改为that/which。
8.【2016·四川】The dishes what I cked were Mm’s favrite
【答案】what---that/which(或去掉what)
【解析】此处考查引导定语从句的关系代词。句意：我做的菜是妈妈最喜欢的。The dishes 做先行词，指物，定语从句缺少引导词，从句缺少宾语，可知引导词在定语从句中作宾语，故把what---that/which(或去掉what)。
9.(2013·全国Ⅱ,短文改错)Having tea in the late afternn prvides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might nt be served until 8 ’clck at night.
【答案】that→which
【解析】非限制性定语从句用which引导,而不用that。
10.I had a kind and patient English teacher which ften praised all the students.
【答案】which改为wh/that
【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处是定语从句关系词，先行词teacher在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词wh/that，故将which改为wh/that。