2020中考英语二轮复习语法第六讲形容词和副词资料(通用版)
展开形容词和副词
一、形容词基本用法
1.形容词放在名词前作定语
Eg:a good boy an old man a beautiful girl
2.形容词修饰不定代词要后置
Eg:something interesting , nothing important
3.表示长(long)、宽(wide)、高(tall)、深(deep)、年龄(old)等词,应该置于名词之后
Eg:He is 10 years old.
=He is a 10-year-old boy.
The river is 20 meters wide.
=It is a 20-meter-wride river.
The building is 5 hundred meters tall.
=It is a 500-meter-tall building.
4.只能做表语,不能做前置定语的形容词
alone、asleep、alive、awake、afraid、ill
- 多个形容词作定语修饰名词时,形容词排列顺序
限定词→一般描绘性形容词→表示大小、长短、高低的形容词→表示年龄、新旧的形容词→表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词→表示物质、材料的形容词+名词
口诀:限冠形龄色国材。或限定描绘大长高,颜色国籍和材料。
- The+adj 表示一类人
The old 老人
The bad 坏人
The rich 有钱人
The poor 穷人
The young 年轻人
The deaf 聋人
The blind 盲人
The disabled 残疾人
二、形容词和副词原级常用句型
- it 做形式主语的两种句式
(1)It’s +adj+for sb to do sth 表示:对于某人来说做某事是怎样的
该句式中adj用来形容事物(to do sth)
常用形容词:important,impossible,interesting,necessary,
useful,dangerous,difficult,easy,hard等。
(2)It’s +adj+of sb to do sth 表示:某人做某事是怎样的
该句式中adj用来形容人(sb)
常用形容词: kind,good,clever,nice,polite,friendly
careful,careless,foolish,silly等。
- sb find it+adj to do sth.表示:某人发现做某事是怎样的
Eg:I find it important to learn English well.
3.A+be+as+形容词原级+as+B
A+实意动词+as+副词原级
表示:A和B一样...
Eg:Lucy is as tall as Lily.
Lucy runs as fast as Lily.
否定:A +be+not+as(so)+形容词原级+as+B
A+助动词+not+动词原形+as+副词原形+as+B
表示:A不如B...
Eg: Lucy isn’t as tall as Lily.
Lucy doesn’t run as fast as Lily.
4.主语+谓语动词+so+形容词/副词+that从句
主语+谓语动词+such+名词+that从句
表示:如此...以至于...
Eg:She is so lovely that everyone likes her.
=She is such a clever girl that everyone likes her.
It is so good an idea that we all agree.
=It is such a good idea that we all agree.
5.主语+谓语动词+too+形容词/副词+to do sth
表示:太...而不能
但是,当too前有only,but,all修饰时,不再表示否定,而是很,非常的意思
Eg:He is too young to go to school.
他太小了还不能上学
I am only too happy to see you .
我见到你实在是太高兴了
- 主语+谓语动词+形容词/副词+enough to do sth
表示:主语足够...做某事
Eg:He is old enough to go to school.
He drives fast enough to catch the bus.
形容词和副词比较级
一、原级变比较级和最高级变化规则
规则变化
(1)一般情况下在词尾直接加er/est
(2)以不发音的e结尾的加r/st
(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i+es
(4)以重读闭音节结尾的辅元辅结构的,双写尾字母加er/est
(5)部分双音节和多音节,前加more/most
Tips:(1)slow,low,few,new,narrow,clever ,直接加er/est,不双写尾字母
(2)两个音节的形容词,如果词尾是典型的形容词词尾,有明显的标示词类的功能,保留词尾不变,在前面加more/most.
Eg:helpful,useless,famous,serious,active,crowded,loving等
以-ful,-less,-ous,-ive,-ed,-ing结尾的都是形容词词尾
不规则变化
good/well→better→best
bad/ill→worse→worst
many/much→more→most
far→farther(距离远)/further(程度深)→farthest/furthest
old→older(老的,旧的)/elder(年长的)→oldest/eldest
little→less(较少)→least
不规则变化口诀:
合二为一共三对,坏病两多并两好,
一分为二有两个,一是远来二是老
还有一词含义多,只记少来不记小
二、比较级用法
- A+be+形容词比较级+than+B,表示:A比B...
Eg:Lucy is taller than Lily.
- A+实意动词+副词比较级+than+B,表示:A比B...
Eg:Lucy runs slower than Lily.
- A+be+修饰词+形容词比较级+than+B
A+实意动词+修饰词+副词比较级+than+B
表示:A比B...的多/少
修饰比较级的词:much,little,a little,a bit,a lot,even,still,far,any,rather
Eg:Lucy is much taller than Lily
Lucy runs a little slower than Lily
- A+谓语动词+数字+单位名词复数+than+B
表示:A比B...多少(比较明确)
Eg:Lucy is 2 cm taller than Lily.
Lily is two years younger than Lucy
- 主语+谓语动词+比较级+and+比较级
表示:主语越来越...
Eg:Lucy is taller and taller
The boy studies harder and harder
Tips:多音节时,more and more +多音节形容词
Eg:She is more and more beautiful.
- The+比较级...,the+比较级...
表示:主语越...越...
Eg:The harder you study,the higher grades you will get.
The more exercise you do ,the healthier you will be.
- 主语+be+the+形容词比较级+of+表示两者的名词
表示:两者中比较...的
Eg:Lucy is the taller of the twins
She is the more beautiful of the two girls.
- Which(物)/Who(人)+谓语动词+比较级,A or B?
表示:A和B谁更...
Eg:Which is heavier,the elephant or the tiger?
Who runs faster,Lucy or Lily?
- 比较级表达最高级
主语+谓语动词+比较级+than any other+名词单数
主语+谓语动词+比较级+than the other+名词复数
表示:主语比任何人(物)都...
Eg:Lucy runs faster than any other student in her class.
=Lucy runs fater than the other students in her class.
- 倍数的表达方式
A+谓语动词+数字+times(两倍用twice)+比较级+than+B
表示:A比B大几倍
A+谓语动词+数字+times+as +原级+as+B
表示:A是B的几倍
Eg:This room is twice bigger than that one
=This room is three times as big as that one
The rabbit runs three times faster than the turtle.
=The rabbit runs four times as fast as the turtle.
- 比较级中that和those/指代同类不同范围的物
Eg:The population of China is larger than that of America.
The cities of China are much more than those of America.
三、最高级用法
- 主语+be+the+形容词最高级+in/of+范围
主语+实意动词+(the)副词最高级+in/of+范围
表示:在...中主语是最...
Tips:当比较对象和范围同类时用of,不同类时用in
Eg:He is the oldest in his class.
(he和class属于不同类,所以用in)
He jumps(the)highest of the boys.
(he和boys属于同类,所以用of)
- Which/who+谓语动词+the+形容词/副词最高级,A,B orC?
表示:谁是最...的A,B还是C?
Eg:Which is the most important,English ,Chinese or Math?
3.主语+谓语动词+one of the+最高级+名词复数+in/of+范围
表示:主语是最...之一
Eg:She is one of the tallest girls in her class.
4.主语+谓语动词+the+序数词+最高级+名词单数+in/of+范围
表示:主语是第最...
Eg:The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
5.This is /was the +形容词最高级+名词单数+that定从句
Eg:This is the most difficult problem that I have ever met.
这是我遇到过的最难的问题
Tips:
(1)形容词比较级前不加the,当强调两者中比较怎么样的时,要加the。
(2)形容词最高级前要加the,但是当形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格时,不能再加the。
(3)副词最高级前the可加可不加。