2022年中考英语语法突破 代词的概念及应用 （无答案）
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代词的分类和应用
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一、代词的定义：
代词是代替名词或一句话的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。高中阶段，，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用，代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词七种。
二、代词种类
1 | 人称代词 | 主格 | I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they |
宾格 | me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them | ||
2 | 物主代词 | 形容词性 | my, your, his, her, its, our, their |
名词性 | mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs | ||
3 | 反身代词 | myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves | |
4 | 指示代词 | this, that, these, those, such, some | |
5 | 疑问代词 | who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever | |
6 | 关系代词 | that, which, who, whom, whose, as | |
7 | 不定代词 | one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little | |
other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either | |||
三、人称代词、物主代词及反身代词对应关系表
| 我 | 你 | 他 | 她 | 它 | 我们 | 你们 | 他们 |
主格 | I | you | he | she | it | we | you | they |
宾格 | me | you | him | her | it | us | you | them |
形容性 物主代词 | my | your | his | her | its | our | your | their |
名词性 物主代词 | mine | yours | his | hers | its | ours | yours | theirs |
反身代词 | myself | yourself | himself | herself | itself | ourselves | yourselves | themselves |
注意：反身代词和某些动词连有，构成固定短语。
enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood
反身代词还可用于某些成语中。
for oneself为自己或独立地，of oneself自然地，自动地
by oneself独自地，in oneself本身性质，beside oneself喜怒哀愁至极
如：
This problem gets a chapter to itself.
这个问题占了一章（独有）。
Just between ourselves, I don’t think much of him.
私下地说我并不怎么看重他。
They were discussing about it among themselves.（相互共同）
Left to himself he began to write.
别人走后只留下他，他写了起来。
I’m very angry with myself.
生自己的气。
四、指示代词
指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词，表示“这个/些”“那个/些”。常用的指示代词有this，that，these，those。
1. this/these指代下文要提到的事，that/those指代上文提到过的事。如：
Please remember this：Where there is a will，there is a way.
请记住：有志者，事竟成。
He was busy. That was why he didn't go to the cinema with us.
他很忙。那就是他没有和我们一起去看电影的原因。
2. 打电话时用this介绍自己，用that介绍对方。如：
This is Mary speaking. Who's that?
我是玛丽。你是谁？
五、代词it的其他特殊用法：
1. 指代婴儿或不明身份的人。 如：
Someone is knocking at the door. Can you guess who it is?
有人在敲门。你能猜到是谁吗？
2. 指代时间、天气、季节、距离等。如：
It's raining heavily.
雨下得正大。
How far is it from your home to school?
你家离学校有多远？
3. 用作形式主语或形式宾语，指代抽象的事物。如：
It's important to learn English well.
学好英语是非常重要的。
4. 用于强调句型。如：
It was at 8：00 yesterday that I went to school.
昨天我去学校的时候八点了。
六、不定代词用法
1. one, some与any:
1) one可以泛指任何人,也可特指,复数为ones。some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑问句和否定句。
One should learn to think of others.
Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks.
I have some questions to ask.
2) some可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答复,或者表示建议,请求等。
Would you like some bananas?
Could you give me some money?
3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时,some表示某个,any表示任何一个。
I have read this article in some magazine.
Please correct the mistakes, if any.
4) some和数词连用表示“大约”,any可与比较级连用表示程度。
There are some 3,000 students in this school.
Do you feel any better today?
2. each和every:
each强调个别,代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体,所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。
Each student has a pocket dictionary.
Each (of us) has a dictionary.
We each have a dictionary.
Every student has strong and weak points.
Every one of us has strong and weak points.
3. none和no：
no等于not any,作定语。none作主语或宾语,代替不可数名词,谓语用单数,代替可数名词,谓语单复数皆可以。
There is no water in the bottle.
How much water is there in the bottle? None.
None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.
4. other
1). other泛指“另外的,别的”常与其他词连用,如：the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way,
2). the other特指两者中的另外一个，复数为the others。如：
He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.
Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.
3) another指“又一个,另一个”无所指,复数形式是others，泛指“别的人或事”如：
I don’t like this shirt, please show me another (one).
The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.
Some like football, while others like basketball.
4). others泛指其他的人或物，相当于“other＋复数名词” 常用词组some...others...意为“一些……另一些……”
There are lots of people in the park. Some are dancing，and others are boating.
公园里有许多人。有些人在跳舞，有些人在划船。
5). the others意为“剩余的人或事物”，特指在一个整体中剩余的全部。如：
There are forty students in our class. Thirty of us come to school by bike，and the others all walk to school.
我们班有40个学生。其中有30人骑自行车上学，其余的都步行上学。
5. all和both, neither和either
all表示不可数名词时,其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否定词表示部分否定,全部否定用neither和none.
All of the books are not written in English.
Not all of the books are written in English.
Both of us are not teachers.
Not both of us are teachers.
Either of us is a teacher.
三点剖析
一、重点：人称代词，物主代词及不定代词等的应用。
二、易错点：
It, one/ones, that/those作替代词时的区别
1. it特指上文提到的同一对象，是同一事物。如：
I have a new schoolbag. It's very nice.
我有一个新书包。它很漂亮。
2. one泛指上文提及的同类事物中的一个(表示几个时用ones)，同类而不同物。如：
I have lost my umbrella. I think I must buy one.
我的伞丢了。我想我必须买一把。
3. that常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的可数名词单数或不可数名词，以避免重复；若代替前面提到的可数名词复数，则用those。如：
The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.
冬天，北京的天气比广州的天气冷。
代词应用
例题1、 To save class time, our teacher has _________ students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for our homework.
A.us | B.we | C.our | D.ours |
随练1、 —Who is the boy over there？
—________ is my brother．( )
A.He | B.His | C.Him | D.Himself |
随练2、 The coat I bought yesterday is the same _________．
A.as you | B.as you are |
C.as yours | D.like you |
指示代词，不定代词等用法
例题1、 To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against _________.
A.another | B.other |
C.the other | D.either |
随练1、 Studies show that people who have a glass of wine per day do better than _____ who don't. ( )
A.that | B.the one | C.ones | D.those |
随练2、 Due to some new policies, the number of Chinese students to return from abroad in 2016 is expected to be larger than ________ in 2015．
A.that | B.this | C.ones | D.those |
随练3、 As a great scientist, little joy can equal _________ of being awarded the Nobel Prize．
A.that | B.this | C.it | D.one |
随练4、 Not everyone agrees to my plan． Some are in favor of it while my good friend is one of ____ opposed to it．
A.those who | B.who |
C.those | D.that |
随练5、 The Belt and Road is a new force of promoting the development of the world economy, _________that will further push China's opening-up．
A.the one | B.one | C.ones | D.the ones |
拓展
1、 ﹣What shall we do tonight then?
﹣_________, whatever you want．
A.Help yourself | B.It's a deal |
C.No problem | D.It's up to you |
2、 If you go to buy the top best﹣selling CD,please get ________ for me．( )
A.one | B.it | C.this | D.that |
3、 It is thought police had been called to the scene following a report of a collision involving her vehicle and ________ of another motorist．
A.one | B.those | C.some | D.that |
4、 My most vivid and happiest memories are ________ of school days, so I think that was the happiest time in my life.
A.one | B.ones | C.that | D.those |
5、 I noticed that she had placed my old shoes under the bed, _________ with a hole at each of the big toes．
A.the one | B.the ones | C.that | D.which |
