2020中考英语二轮复习语法第十四讲被动语态资料（通用版）
展开被动语态
一、语态
在英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
（1）主动语态：主语是动作的执行者。
Eg:Many people speak English.
很多人说英语
（2）被动语态：主语是动作的承受着。
Eg:English is spoken by many people.
英语被很多人说
二、被动语态结构
只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态，所以被动语态的结构为：
be+及物动词的过去分词
- 实义动词的被动语态
由于不同时态中be动词形式不一样，会有不同的结构
（1）一般现在时的被动语态
be（am/is/are）+动词的过去分词
Eg:The car is washed by him.
车被他洗。
（2）一般过去时的被动语态
be（was/were）+动词的过去分词
Eg:The car was washed by him yesterday.
车昨天被他洗。
（3）一般将来时的被动语态
Shall/will/be going to be+动词的过去分词
Eg:The car will be washed by him tomorrow.
车明天将会被他洗。
（4）现在进行时的被动语态
am/is /are +being+动词的过去分词
Eg:The car is being washed by him now.
车正在被他洗。
（5）过去进行时的被动语态
was/were+being+动词的过去分词
Eg:The car was being washed by him at 10 yesterday.
昨天10点钟的时候车正在被他洗。
（6）现在完成时的被动语态
has/have been+动词的过去分词
Eg:The car has already been washed by him.
车已经被他洗过了。
- 情态动词的被动语态
情态动词+be+动词的过去分词
Eg:The car can be finished washing in 20 minutes.
车可以在20分钟之内洗完。
The classroom must be cleaned after class.
放学之后教室必须被打扫。
三、被动语态注意点
- 省略to的不定式的被动语态
在主动语态中，动词make,let,see,hear,watch,notice等后跟省略to的不定式，但变为被动语态时，to必须保留
Eg:
His mother makes him do homework.
He is made to do homework by his mother.
他的妈妈使他做作业。
He saw the girl dance.
The girl was seen to dance by him.
他看到那个女孩跳舞了。
- 跟双宾语的动词的被动语态
“主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”称作双宾语结构，即：主+谓+sb+sth.
被动结构：
sb+be+动词的过去分词+sth
Sth+be+动词的过去分词+to/for +sb
Eg:
He gave Lucy a book.（主动）
Lucy was given a book by him.（被动）
A book was given to Lucy.（被动）
Her mother bought her a gift.（主动）
She was bought a gift by her mother.（被动）
A gift was bought for her by her mother.（被动）
常与to搭配的动词
give（给）,send（寄）,pass（传递）,leave（留给）,tell（告诉）,refuse（拒绝）,show（给...看）,bring（带来）,lend（借给）,hand（交给）,promise（答应，承若）,throw（扔）,offer（提供）
常与for搭配的动词
buy（买）,make（制作）,get（得到）,sing（唱歌）,do（做）,draw（画）,cook（做饭）
- 主动表被动
（1）系动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste
Eg:The flower smells sweet.（√）
The flower is smelled sweet.（x）
（2）后接doing表被动的
need doing需要做某事
want（=need）doing sth需要做某事
require doing sth需要做某事
be worth doing sth值得做某事
Eg:The flowers needs watering.
花需要浇水。
The book is worth reading.
那本书值得读。
- 不能用于被动语态的动词
（1）不及物动词以及不及物动词词组
happen,take place,break out,come out,come true等
（2）表示主语特征的动词，其后常跟well,easily等副词用主动表被动
常见动词有wear,sell,read,wash,write,cut,open,等
Eg:
The books sell well.
那些书卖的好。
The clothes wash easily.
那些衣服洗起来很容易。
（3）表示状态的谓语动词。
have（有）last（持续）,join（加入）,contain（包含）,look like（看起来像）等
Eg:The meeting lasted three hours.
会议持续了3个小时
The girl looks like her mother.
那个女孩看起来像她的妈妈
（4）表示希望、意图的动词。
wish,want,hope,like,love,hate等
