2020中考英语二轮复习语法第六讲形容词和副词资料（通用版）

形容词和副词一、形容词基本用法  1.形容词放在名词前作定语  Eg：a good boy    an old man   a beautiful girl 2.形容词修饰不定代词要后置Eg:something interesting , nothing important 3.表示长（long）、宽（wide）、高（tall）、深（deep）、年龄（old）等词，应该置于名词之后Eg:He is 10 years old.  =He is a 10-year-old boy.    The river is 20 meters wide.  =It is a 20-meter-wride river.    The building is 5 hundred meters tall.  =It is a 500-meter-tall building. 4.只能做表语,不能做前置定语的形容词   alone、asleep、alive、awake、afraid、ill  多个形容词作定语修饰名词时，形容词排列顺序   限定词→一般描绘性形容词→表示大小、长短、高低的形容词→表示年龄、新旧的形容词→表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词→表示物质、材料的形容词+名词  口诀：限冠形龄色国材。或限定描绘大长高，颜色国籍和材料。  The+adj 表示一类人   The old 老人  The bad 坏人  The rich 有钱人  The poor 穷人  The young 年轻人  The deaf 聋人  The blind 盲人  The disabled 残疾人 二、形容词和副词原级常用句型 it 做形式主语的两种句式    （1）It’s +adj+for sb to do sth 表示：对于某人来说做某事是怎样的        该句式中adj用来形容事物（to do sth）常用形容词：important,impossible,interesting,necessary,useful,dangerous,difficult,easy,hard等。 （2）It’s +adj+of sb to do sth 表示：某人做某事是怎样的         该句式中adj用来形容人（sb）         常用形容词： kind,good,clever,nice,polite,friendlycareful,careless,foolish,silly等。  sb find it+adj to do sth.表示：某人发现做某事是怎样的 Eg：I find it important to learn English well. 3.A+be+as+形容词原级+as+BA+实意动词+as+副词原级表示：A和B一样... Eg：Lucy is as tall as Lily.    Lucy runs as fast as Lily.否定：A +be+not+as（so）+形容词原级+as+B      A+助动词+not+动词原形+as+副词原形+as+B      表示：A不如B... Eg: Lucy isn’t as tall as Lily.    Lucy doesn’t run as fast as Lily. 4.主语+谓语动词+so+形容词/副词+that从句   主语+谓语动词+such+名词+that从句   表示：如此...以至于...Eg：She is so lovely that everyone likes her.   =She is such a clever girl that everyone likes her.      It is so good an idea that we all agree.=It is such a good idea that we all agree. 5.主语+谓语动词+too+形容词/副词+to do sth   表示：太...而不能   但是，当too前有only,but,all修饰时，不再表示否定，而是很，非常的意思Eg:He is too young to go to school.   他太小了还不能上学   I am only too happy to see you .   我见到你实在是太高兴了  主语+谓语动词+形容词/副词+enough to do sth  表示：主语足够...做某事  Eg:He is old enough to go to school.     He drives fast enough to catch the bus.  形容词和副词比较级 一、原级变比较级和最高级变化规则  规则变化（1）一般情况下在词尾直接加er/est（2）以不发音的e结尾的加r/st（3）以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i+es（4）以重读闭音节结尾的辅元辅结构的，双写尾字母加er/est（5）部分双音节和多音节，前加more/most Tips:（1）slow,low,few,new,narrow,clever ，直接加er/est,不双写尾字母（2）两个音节的形容词，如果词尾是典型的形容词词尾，有明显的标示词类的功能，保留词尾不变，在前面加more/most.Eg:helpful,useless,famous,serious,active,crowded,loving等以-ful,-less,-ous,-ive,-ed,-ing结尾的都是形容词词尾 不规则变化good/well→better→bestbad/ill→worse→worstmany/much→more→mostfar→farther（距离远）/further（程度深）→farthest/furthestold→older（老的，旧的）/elder（年长的）→oldest/eldestlittle→less（较少）→least 不规则变化口诀：合二为一共三对，坏病两多并两好，一分为二有两个，一是远来二是老还有一词含义多，只记少来不记小 二、比较级用法  A+be+形容词比较级+than+B，表示：A比B...Eg:Lucy is taller than Lily.  A+实意动词+副词比较级+than+B,表示：A比B...Eg：Lucy runs slower than Lily.  A+be+修饰词+形容词比较级+than+B  A+实意动词+修饰词+副词比较级+than+B表示：A比B...的多/少 修饰比较级的词：much,little,a little,a bit,a lot,even,still,far,any,rather Eg：Lucy is much taller than LilyLucy runs a little slower than Lily   A+谓语动词+数字+单位名词复数+than+B  表示：A比B...多少（比较明确） Eg:Lucy is 2 cm taller than Lily.Lily is two years younger than Lucy  主语+谓语动词+比较级+and+比较级表示：主语越来越... Eg:Lucy is taller and taller The boy studies harder and harderTips:多音节时，more and more +多音节形容词Eg：She is more and more beautiful.  The+比较级...,the+比较级...  表示：主语越...越... Eg:The harder you study,the higher grades you will get.The more exercise you do ,the healthier you will be.  主语+be+the+形容词比较级+of+表示两者的名词  表示：两者中比较...的  Eg:Lucy is the taller of the twins     She is the more beautiful of the two girls.  Which（物）/Who（人）+谓语动词+比较级，A or B？  表示：A和B谁更...Eg:Which is heavier,the elephant or the tiger?   Who runs faster,Lucy or Lily?  比较级表达最高级  主语+谓语动词+比较级+than any other+名词单数  主语+谓语动词+比较级+than the other+名词复数  表示：主语比任何人（物）都...Eg：Lucy runs faster than any other student in her class.   =Lucy runs fater than the other students in her class.  倍数的表达方式   A+谓语动词+数字+times（两倍用twice）+比较级+than+B  表示：A比B大几倍  A+谓语动词+数字+times+as +原级+as+B表示：A是B的几倍Eg：This room is twice bigger than that one    =This room is three times as big as that one      The rabbit runs three times faster than the turtle.   =The rabbit runs four times as fast as the turtle. 比较级中that和those/指代同类不同范围的物 Eg:The population of China is larger than that of America.The cities of China are much more than those of America. 三、最高级用法  主语+be+the+形容词最高级+in/of+范围   主语+实意动词+（the）副词最高级+in/of+范围   表示：在...中主语是最...Tips:当比较对象和范围同类时用of，不同类时用in Eg:He is the oldest in his class.   （he和class属于不同类，所以用in）   He jumps（the）highest of the boys.   （he和boys属于同类，所以用of）  Which/who+谓语动词+the+形容词/副词最高级，A，B orC？  表示：谁是最...的A，B还是C？Eg：Which is the most important,English ,Chinese or Math? 3.主语+谓语动词+one of the+最高级+名词复数+in/of+范围表示：主语是最...之一Eg：She is one of the tallest girls in her class. 4.主语+谓语动词+the+序数词+最高级+名词单数+in/of+范围表示：主语是第最...Eg：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 5.This is /was the +形容词最高级+名词单数+that定从句Eg：This is the most difficult problem that I have ever met.     这是我遇到过的最难的问题Tips：（1）形容词比较级前不加the，当强调两者中比较怎么样的时，要加the。（2）形容词最高级前要加the，但是当形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格时，不能再加the。（3）副词最高级前the可加可不加。