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2020版高考新创新一轮复习英语译林版学案：选修8Unit1Thewrittenword
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Unit 1 The written word
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．vice n. 恶行，恶习，罪恶
2．fiction n. 小说；虚构的事
3．antique n. 古董，文物
4．chapter n. (书的)章，篇，回；时期，时代
5．painter n. 画家
6．spring vi. 突然出现；跳，蹦
7．rigid adj. 死板的，僵化的，固执的；坚硬的，僵直的
8．civil adj. 有教养的，有礼貌的；国民的，平民的；民事的(非刑事的)
9．melt vi.& vt. (使)融化，(使)熔化；(使)缓和，(使)软化
10．envelope n. 信封
11．romantic adj. 浪漫主义的；浪漫的
12．paragraph n. 段落
13．worn out adj. 破烂不堪的，废旧的；精疲力尽的
14．twist n. 转折，转变；转动；急转弯
vi.& vt. (使)弯曲；转动；蜿蜒
15．monument n. 纪念碑，纪念馆，纪念塑像；古迹
16．pin vt. 使不能动弹，按住；(用大头针等)固定，别上，钉住
n. 大头针；胸针
17．plot n. 故事情节；阴谋，密谋
vt. 密谋；绘制(图表)
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．reputation n． 名誉，名声
2．bent adj. 弯曲的；驼背的；不诚实的
n. 天赋，爱好
3．desperate adj. 铤而走险的，拼命的，绝望的；
非常需要，渴望
4．vain adj. 虚荣的，自负的；徒劳的，无结果的
5．rescue n．& vi.& vt. 救援，营救
6．theme n. 主题，主题思想；主题音乐
7．intend vt.& vi. 打算，计划，想要
8．adore vt. 热爱，喜爱，爱慕
9．wrap vt. 包，裹；围，缠绕
10．author n. 作者
11．abuse vt. 虐待；辱骂；滥用
12．spit vi.& vt. 吐唾沫(表示愤怒或鄙视)；吐，唾(唾沫、食物等)
13．debt n. 债务，欠款
14．reform vi.& vt.& n. (使)改过自新，改造；改革，改良
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．poetry n．诗歌→poetic adj.诗歌的，诗的→poet n．诗人→poetess n．女诗人
2．characteristic n．特征，特点 adj.典型的，独特的，特有的→character n．人物，角色；性格
3．novelist n．小说家→novel n．小说 adj.新奇的；异常的
4．criminal n．罪犯 adj.犯罪的，犯法的；刑法的，刑事的→crime n．罪行，犯罪行为
5．tension n．紧张气氛；紧张，烦躁；矛盾，对立→tense adj.令人紧张的；神经紧张的；绷紧的
6．generous adj.慷慨的，大方的；宽厚的，仁慈的→generously adv.慷慨地；大方地→generosity n．慷慨，大方；宽宏大量
7．violence n．暴力，暴行→violent adj.暴力的，粗暴的；猛烈的，强烈的→violently adv.强烈地，激烈地
[语境活用]
1．The robbers hit them violently.They couldn't bear it any more so they decided to answer violence with violence and began their violent fightback.(violent)
2．These crimes were committed largely by professional criminals who lived by crime. All citizens should help the police in tracking the criminals down.(crime)
3．He is a kind and generous old man and he generously contributed a lot of money to the village primary school last week. His generosity is worth admiring.(generous)
4．After years of united efforts, the three countries found themselves united peacefully instead of by war. They took pride in their unity. Imagine the joyful scene when they were reunited with their former relatives and friends.(unite)
8.resist vi.& vt.反抗，抵制，抵挡→resistant adj.有抵抗力的→resistance n．反抗，抵抗，抗拒
9．reunite vt.& vi.(使)重逢，再相聚；(使)再结合，再联合→unite vi.& vt.联合；团结；统一；联手→united adj.联合的；统一的→unity n．团结一致，联合；统一
5.The material, which is resistant to many chemicals, has good resistance to shock. However, some building bosses resist using it because of high costs.(resist)
6．Facing the tense atmosphere, I wanted to scream, for the tension became unbearable.(tense)
7．I'm reading a novel The Mill on the Floss, which was written by the famous novelist,_George Eliot.(novel)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.be_bent_on_(doing)_sth. 决心做某事(通常指坏事)
2．on_the_run 躲避；忙碌，不停地奔波
3．live_up_to 达到，符合(期望)
4．come_to_one's_rescue救援某人，帮助某人
5．touch_on 谈及，涉及
6．be_intended_to_be/do_sth. 目的是作为某物/做某事
7．in_tune 音调准确；演奏合调
8．give_away 泄露；出卖；分发
9．focus_..._on_... 把……集中在……
10．let_out 放大；泄露；发出
11．pick_up 捡起；获得；学会
12．come_out 出版，发行；出来，出现
13．at_a_time 每次
14．(be)_based_on 以……为基础
15．be_set_in 以……为背景
16．have_nothing_to_do_with 与……没关系
17．under_the_control_of 在……的控制下
18．compare_..._to_... 把……比作……
19．appeal_to 吸引；呼吁
20．consist_of 由……组成
21．be_adapted_from 由……改编
1.Body language can give_away a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.
2．No matter what you may say, I am_bent_on doing what I think is right.
3．With a lot of debts to pay off, Helen is keeping on_the_run every day.
4．These general principles are widely known, but it isn't easy to live_up_to them.
5．More importantly than all of that, she sings in_tune. She has got absolutely great potential.
6．The programme is_intended_to offer children regular opportunities to develop confidence and independence.
7．Although his speech lasted for an hour, there were still some important issues he failed to touch_on.
8．That's none of your business, and in other words it has_nothing_to_do_with you.
9．We expect your newspaper to appeal_to the public to pay more attention to environmental protection.
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.This makes them difficult for some people to read, so they are often left to gather dust on shelves.
对有些人来说，读经典作品是困难的，因此它们经常被搁置在书架上积满了灰尘。
“使役动词/感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。充当宾语补足语的是形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式等。
(2016·四川高考写作佳句)夏天让我充满活力，我觉得我有力量做生活中最困难的事情。
Summer makes_me_full_of_energy and I feel I have the strength to do the most difficult things in my life.
2.Pip's sister often abuses him, but Joe is a kind and simple man who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.
皮普的姐姐经常辱骂他，但乔却是一个善良、淳朴的人，他宁愿死也不愿看到皮普受到任何伤害。
would rather do ... than do ...意为“宁愿做……也不愿做……”。
(2017·北京高考写作佳句)我宁愿去游览长江，也不愿爬泰山。
I would_rather_travel along the Yangtze River than_climb Mount Tai.
3.Oliver gets arrested by the police and is taken to court.
奥利弗被警察抓住并被带到法庭上。
“get＋动词ed形式”既可作被动结构也可作系表结构，作被动结构时，强调动作的发生；作系表结构时，强调状态的变化。
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)现在越来越多的人对剪纸感兴趣。
Nowadays, more and more people are_getting_interested_in_papercutting.
二、课堂重点深化
1．desperate adj.铤而走险的，拼命的，绝望的；非常需要的，渴望的
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①The increasing poverty，crime and war tell us that the world is in desperate need of true love.
②There may be something missing in your life that you desperately (desperate) want.
一句多译
显然，他生活很困难，急需一份工作。(desperate)
③Obviously,_he_lives_a_hard_life_and_is_desperate_for_a_job.
④Obviously,_he_lives_a_hard_life_and_is_desperate_to_find_a_job.
[系统归纳]
(1)be desperate for sth. 渴望某物
be desperate to do sth. 渴望做某事
in desperate need of 非常需要
(2)desperately adv. 极其，非常；绝望地
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑤After 12 years of hard study, he is desperate passing the College Entrance Examination and enter an ideal university.passing→to_pass
佳句时时写
⑥(2015·四川高考书面表达)我渴望提高英语口语，你能给我一些建议吗？
I_am_desperate_to_improve_my_spoken_English._Can_you_give_me_some_advice?
2．vain adj.虚荣的，自负的；徒劳的，无结果的
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①She made a vain attempt to persuade him to lend her money.
②We vainly (vain) tried to find out the stranger's name and occupation.
③He stopped at the door, waiting in vain for her to acknowledge his presence.
[系统归纳]
(1)a vain attempt/effort 徒劳的尝试/努力
in vain 徒劳地；无意义地
try in vain to do sth. 枉费心机地试图做某事
(2)vainly adv. 徒劳地；不成功地；白费力气地
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④He tried in the vain to get into contact with the local branch. 去掉第一个the
佳句时时写
⑤(2009·北京高考书面表达)一个西方年轻人正在努力用两根叉子叉起面条，就像我们中国人用筷子一样，但结果却只是徒劳。
A_Western_young_man_is_trying_so_hard_to_pick_up_the_noodles_with_two_forks the_same_way_as_we_Chinese_hold_chopsticks,_but_in_vain.
3．resist vi.& vt.反抗，抵制，抵挡
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①They find these kinds of things extremely boring, and they will resist doing (do) them.
②The greatest resistance (resist), however, may come from the industry itself.
③Any organization with rich personnel tends to be resistant (resist) to rapid change.
④Generally those who exercise regularly have high resistance to diseases.
⑤I bet you can't resist laughing (laugh) at these funny and crazy sports images taken at the right moment.
[系统归纳]
(1)resist doing sth. 反对做某事
can't resist doing sth.＝ can't help doing sth.
忍不住做某事
(2)resistant adj. 抵抗的；有抵抗力的
be resistant to 对……有抵抗力
(3)resistance n. 抵制，抗拒；反对
resistance to ... 对……的抵制
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥It reduces the possibility that weeds or insects will become resistant of chemicals.of→to_
佳句时时写
⑦(2010·广东高考书面表达)其主要目的是通过张贴抵制吸烟的标志，使每一个公共房间都没有人吸烟。
The_main_aim_is_to_make_every_public_room_has_no_smoke_by_posting_the_sign_of_resisting_smoking.
4．rescue n．& vi.& vt.救援，营救
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①I was too tired to take care of the kids and my mom came to my rescue.
完成句子
②The police broke up the window nailed down and rescued_the_boy_from_the_fire.
警察打碎了用钉子钉死的窗子，救出了大火中的男孩。
③Some experts appealed to people to_rescue_many_species_from_extinction.
一些专家呼吁人们拯救许多物种以使其免于灭绝。
[系统归纳]
(1)come/go to sb.'s rescue 前来/去救某人
(2)rescue sb. from ... 从……营救某人
rescue sth. from ... 使某物免于……
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④Helicopters rescued nearly 20 people off the roof of the burning building.off→from
佳句时时写
⑤(2013·重庆高考书面表达)据我所知，你的基金会可以帮助拯救那些濒临灭绝的物种。
As_far_as_I_know,_your_foundation_can_help_rescue_those_species_that_are_at_the edge_of_extinction.
5．reputation n．名誉；声望；名声
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①So far the few that have persuaded readers to pay for news online tend to have a reputation for distinctive coverage.
②Li Yong was once a TV programme host of great reputation, especially famous for holding quiz programmes.
完成句子
③I often buy food and other products that are popular and have_a_good_reputation.
我经常买一些受欢迎的和信誉好的食品及其他产品。
④Don't spread rumors, or you'll ruin_his_reputation.
不要散布谣言，否则你会让他名誉扫地。
⑤It takes twenty years to build_a_reputation and five minutes to ruin it.
花二十年建立起来的声誉可以在五分钟之内完全摧毁。
⑥They live_up_to_their_reputation of heroes.
他们作为英雄名副其实。
[系统归纳]
have a good/bad reputation 名声好/坏
have a reputation for sth. 因……而著名，以……闻名
live up to one's reputation 名不虚传；名副其实
lose/ruin one's reputation 名誉扫地
earn/establish/build a reputation 赢得/确立/树立声誉
be of great/good/high reputation 很有声望的；享有盛名的
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑦American beer barley has excellent qualities, and Canadian beer barley is of a high reputation. 去掉a
佳句时时写
⑧(2017·北京高考书面表达)“长江之行”和“泰山之旅”都享有盛名。
Of_the_two_trips_to_the_Yangtze_River_and_Mount_Tai,_both_are_of_great reputation.
6．intend vt.& vi.打算，计划，想要
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①I intended to_visit/visiting (visit) him, but I was afraid I would disturb him.
②Their expedition was intended to_prepare (prepare) them for their lifelong dream of climbing Mount Everest.
③This money is intended for the development of the tourist industry.
④We come here with the intention (intend) of learning knowledge.
完成句子
⑤They had_intended_to_go_to/intended_to_have_gone_to the country for one day, but were put off by the traffic jams.
他们本来打算去乡下待一天，但由于交通堵塞而耽搁了。
[系统归纳]
(1)intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事
had intended to do sth.＝intended to have done sth.
本来打算做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
intend sth. for ... 为……准备某物
(2)intended adj. 故意的，有意的；打算中的
be intended for 为……准备/设计的
be intended to be/do sth. 目的是作为某物/做某事
(3)intention n. 意图，目的，企图
have no intention of ... 无意……
with the intention of doing/to do ... 抱有做……的目的/打算
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥No one undertakes research in physics with the intention to winning a prize.to→of
佳句时时写
⑦(2018·天津高考书面表达)我想要强调的是我们团队正在招收新成员，我想邀请你加入。
What_I_intend_to_stress_is_that_our_group_is_looking_for_new_members_and_I would_like_to_invite_you_to_join.
1．be bent on (doing) sth.决心做某事(通常指坏事)；一心想要做某事
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①The girl bent her mind to the job, and won great achievements.
②He was bent on winning (win) at all costs, which surprised all of us.
③However weak the nation may be, it will never bend to a greater power.
[系统归纳]
bend one's mind/efforts/thoughts to sth. 专心于某事物
bend (sb.) to sth. 迫使(某人)屈从某物
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④Though he is seventy years old, he is bent to studying medicine. to→on
佳句时时写
⑤(2009·江西高考书面表达)当你专心做你喜欢做的事情时，你的情绪会好转。
When_you_bend_your_mind_to_something_you_love,_your_mood_will_improve.
2．on the run躲避；忙碌，不停地奔波
[系统归纳]
(1)in the long/short run 从长远/短期来看
a run of 一连串(类似的)事件
(2)on the way 在路上
on the go 十分活跃；非常忙碌
[重点强化]
用法条条清(选用上述短语填空)
①In_the_long_run,_they plan to make enough from advertising to offer the application to users for free.
②Do you eat convenience foods because you are always on_the_run/go/way?
③He had a_run_of luck and made a lot of money last year.
佳句时时写
④(2013·安徽高考书面表达)改变这种状况需要每个人付出相当大的努力。至于我，则应该从上学的路上开始做起。
To_change_this_situation_requires_considerable_effort_on_the_part_of_everyone._As for_me,_it_should_start_on_the_way_to_school.
3．live up to达到，符合(期望)；不辜负；遵守(诺言)
[系统归纳]
live on 以……为生；继续存在
live out 活过；实践；实现；住在外面
live with 忍受，容忍；与……一起生活
live through 经历艰难或险境而幸存
[重点强化]
用法条条清(选用上述短语填空)
①People who live_through lifethreatening situations sometimes describe a calming presence or guiding voice that helps them survive.
②I just had to learn to live_with the pain in those hard times.
③I had to live_on bread and water when I was a student.
④One ought to live_up_to what he knows to be right.
易错处处防
⑤The money he got from winning the lottery allowed him to live on his dream of sailing around the world.on→out
佳句时时写
⑥(2015·陕西高考书面表达)我相信我能完全达到你的期望。
I_am_sure_that_I_can_perfectly_live_up_to_your_expectations.
4．“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构
[教材原句] This makes_them_difficult for some people to read, so they are often left to gather dust on shelves.
[自主体验]
①We made_him_captain of our football team.
我们推选他为我们足球队队长。
②We must make_the_rivers_clean.
我们必须净化河水。
③Our teacher_makes_us_feel_more_confident.
老师使得我们感到更自信了。
④He couldn't make_himself_heard above the noise of the traffic.
在交通嘈杂声中他无法使自己的声音让别人听到。
⑤He_makes_the_boy_standing_all the time.
他让那个男孩一直站着。
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
(1)“make＋宾语＋n.”意为“使、让某人/某物(成为)……”
(2)“make＋宾语＋adj.”意为“使某人/某事(变得)……”
(3)“make＋宾语＋do sth.(不带to的不定式)”意为“(迫)使某人做某事”
(4)“make＋宾语＋v.ed(过去分词作宾补)”意为“使某人/某事被……”
(5)“make＋宾语＋v.ing(现在分词)”意为“使某人/某事一直在……”
注意事项
(1)make＋宾语＋宾语补足语结构中，当宾语是不定式短语或从句时，多用it作形式宾语。
(2)make sb. do sth.结构变为被动语态时，省略的动词不定式符号to要补上。
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)(2017·全国卷Ⅰ写作佳句)There is no doubt that you are supposed to know about the history of Tang Dynasty in advance, which will make the class go smoothly.
②(增分要点句)(2018·全国卷Ⅱ写作佳句)Watching the film, Growing Together, makes it easier for students to know the school.
5．would rather do ... than do ...宁愿做……而不愿做……
[教材原句] Pip's sister often abuses him, but Joe is a kind and simple man who would_rather_die_than_see any harm come to Pip.
[自主体验]
①I would_rather_stay_at_home_than_go shopping.
我宁愿待在家里也不愿去购物。
②John wants to come to see me today. I would rather he came (come) tomorrow than today.
约翰今天想来看我。我宁愿他明天来而不是今天。
③I would rather you hadn't_known it.
我宁愿你不知道这件事。
[归纳点拨]
(1)would rather常用于以下句型：
(2)would rather 后跟宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气：
[佳句背诵]
①(精彩开头句)(2010·安徽高考写作佳句)I would rather turn off the TV than switch off my cell or cut off the Internet.
②(增分要点句)(2015·浙江高考写作佳句)Most of my classmates wanted to go for a picnic, but I would rather go to a museum.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Pin (钉住) the pieces together before sewing them.
2．He put the letter in a red envelope (信封), and mailed it.
3．Some people are still in the water, waiting to be rescued (救援)．
4．There have been rumors that the band will reunite (再联合) for a world tour.
5．The government has decided to reform (改良) the health system.
6．The plot (故事情节) of the film was so boring that I fell asleep while watching it.
7．Lily twisted (转动) her head so she could see what was happening.
8．I saw the vase made in the Tang Dynasty in the window of a(n) antique (文物) shop.
9．She sat upright, her body rigid (僵直的) with fear.
10．Genes determine the characteristics (特征) of every living thing.
11．Metals will melt (熔化) when heated to a certain temperature.
12．Would you please introduce me to Professor Li? I adore (崇拜) him very much.
13．Can you translate those paragraphs (段落) into English?
14．The police kept after the criminal (罪犯) until they finally caught him.
15．He was so good to me that I can never repay the debt (债) I owe him.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The man in the river desperately (desperate) tried to reach the bank.
2．The key to success as a romantic novelist (novel) is absolute belief in your story.
3．Mark, who had at first been very tense (tension), at last relaxed.
4．Your insight, kindness, courage, and generosity (generous) make this site what it is.
5．We must strengthen our unity (unite) in the face of powerful enemies.
6．On occasion, little Annie would violently (violent) attack anyone who came near.
7．One characteristic (character) I have observed over the years in all great software developers is their passion for their work.
8．Her father tried to persuade her to go back home with him, but in vain.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．I won't buy a new pair of shoes for you until this pair is wore out. wore→worn
2．So why exactly does your job have reputation for being stressful？have后加a
3．Every one couldn't resist to laughing when they heard the story.去掉to
4．I intended to help him, but I was too busy at that moment.intended前加had
5．He tried to cover up his mistakes but in the vain.去掉the
6．All electronic computers consist in five units although they are of different kinds.in→of
7．Just make sure you are on tune with your intuition while making these decisions.on→in
8．The company is appealing for everyone to save power and water.for→to
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．It is said that the school being built at present is_intended_for_the_disabled_children.
据说现在正在建设的学校是为残疾儿童设立的。
2．She couldn't_resist_laughing when her teacher told a funny joke in class.
当老师在班上讲了一个有趣的笑话时，她忍不住大笑起来。
3．The child was_rescued_from_the_fire,_but died soon because of terrible burns.
这个孩子从大火中被救了出来，但不久之后由于严重的烧伤而死去了。
4．The unattended children are in_desperate_need_of love and attention.
留守儿童非常需要爱和关怀。
5．The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has_a_very_good_reputation.
这名医生治疗心脏病医术高超，而且从不收病人的礼物，所以他的名声很好。
6．The teacher raised his voice to_make_himself_heard.
老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他的声音。
7．My father got_cured after the doctor used a new treatment.
在医生使用新治疗方案之后，我的父亲被治愈了。
8．To live a lowcarbon life, more and more people would_rather_ride_a_bicycle_than_drive.
为了过低碳生活，越来越多的人宁愿骑自行车，也不愿开车。
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“文学世界”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
子话题——文学世界
(一)浅易词汇温一温
①character ②ending ③poetry ④classic
⑤fiction ⑥edition ⑦theme ⑧print
⑨list
(二)生疏词汇记一记
①literature n．文学 ②works n．著作，作品
③masterpiece n．杰作 ④adaptation n．改编本
⑤lyric n．抒情诗 ⑥legend n．传说，传奇故事
⑦biography n．传记 ⑧chapter n．章
⑨volume n．卷 ⑩journal n．期刊
⑪description n．描述，描写 ⑫original adj.原创的 n．原作
⑬publish vt.出版，发行 ⑭recommend vt.推荐
⑮translate vt.翻译 ⑯subscribe v．订阅，订购(报刊等)
⑰draft n．草稿，草案 vt.起草，草拟
(三)常用词块忆一忆
①fairy tale 童话故事
②classical literature/work 古典文学/作品
③detective novel 侦探小说
④mystery novel 悬疑小说
⑤science fiction 科幻小说
⑥works appreciation 作品欣赏
⑦a book review 书评
⑧adapt ... from ... 根据……改编……
⑨translate ... into ... 把……翻译成……
⑩have an influence on 对……有影响
⑪(be) based on 以……为基础
⑫be set in 以……为背景
(四)写作佳句背一背
①Literature is a kind of intellectual light, which, like the light of the sun, may sometimes enable us to see what we do not like.
②I hold the view that if we students want to know as many great works of literature as we can, we had better read the original work.
③Besides, no matter how well a poem is translated, something of the spirit of the original work is lost.
二、话题书面表达亮一点
假定你是李华，你的英国网友Peter上周在邮件中提到想阅读中国著名的小说，就此请你用英语给他写封回信。内容包括：
1．推荐一本小说；
2．此书内容简介；
3．给出阅读建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Peter，
I'm very glad to know that you have interest in Chinese novels.
Yours，
Li Hua
[写作4步走]
第一步：句写对——给词写句
novel, recommend, excellent, beyond comparison, be based on, describe, tragedy, decline, reference, background knowledge, have fun
1．有许多著名的中文小说。
There_are_many_famous_novels_written_in_Chinese.
2．我想向你推荐《红楼梦》。
I'd like to recommend A Dream of Red Mansions to you.
3．这本小说很有意思，而且优秀得无可比拟。
It_is_an_interesting_novel_and_is_excellent_beyond_comparison.
4．它以贾和林的爱情故事为基础。
It_is_based_on_Jia_and_Lin's_love_story.
5．它描述了一个爱情悲剧和大家庭的衰落。
It_describes_a_tragedy_about_love_and_the_decline_of_a_big_family.
6．这本书是用古汉语写的。
The_book_is_written_in_old_Chinese.
7．你最好准备一本汉语词典以供查阅。
You'd_better_get_a_Chinese_dictionary_ready_for_reference.
8．你应该了解一些有关清朝的背景知识。
You_should_know_some_background_knowledge_about_Qing_Dynasty.
9．阅读愉快并通过阅读学习一些东西。
Have_fun_and_learn_something_by_reading_it.
第二步：量写够——语句扩充
10．在句1后加入介词短语“包括古典小说和现代小说”。
There_are_many_famous_novels_written_in_Chinese,_including_classical_and_modern_novels.
11．在句5后加入分词短语“揭露了社会危机”作后置定语。
It_describes_a_tragedy_about_love_and_the_decline_of_a_big_family,_exposing_the_social_crisis.
12．在句6后加入定语从句“它理解起来有些难”。
The_book_is_written_in_old_Chinese,_which_is_a_little_difficult_to_understand.
13．在句7前加入状语从句“当你读的时候”。
When_you_read_it,_you'd_better_get_a_Chinese_dictionary_ready_for_reference.
14．在句8前加入主句“我建议”构成主从复合句以及介词短语“预先”。
I_suggest_that_you_should_know_some_background_knowledge_about_Qing_Dynasty_in_advance.
15．在句9前加入主句“我祝愿”构成主从复合句。
I_wish_you_would_have_fun_and_learn_something_by_reading_it.
第三步：语写美——词句升格
16．用which引导的非限制性定语从句合并句2和句3。
I'd_like_to_recommend_A_Dream_of_Red_Mansions_to_you,_which_is_an_interesting_novel_and_is_excellent_beyond_comparison.
17．用过去分词作状语合并句4和句11。
Based_on_Jia_and_Lin's_love_story,_it_describes_a_tragedy_about_love_and_the decline_of_a_big_family,_exposing_the_social_crisis.
第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文
用generally， so， in addition， at last等衔接词汇连句成文
Dear_Peter，
I'm_very_glad_to_know_that_you_have_interest_in_Chinese_novels._Generally_there_are_many_famous_novels_written_in_Chinese,_including_classical_and_modern_novels._
I'd_like_to_recommend_A_Dream_of_Red_Mansions_to_you,_which_is_an_interesting_novel_and_is_excellent_beyond_comparison._Based_on_Jia_and_Lin's_love_story,_it_describes_a_tragedy_about_love_and_the_decline_of_a_big_family,_exposing_the_social_crisis.
The_book_is_written_in_old_Chinese,_which_is_a_little_difficult_to_understand._So when_you_read_it,_you'd_better_get_a_Chinese_dictionary_ready_for_reference._In_addition,_I_suggest_that_you_should_know_some_background_knowledge_about_Qing_Dynasty in_advance._At_last,_I_wish_you_would_have_fun_and_learn_something_by_reading_it.
Yours，
Li_Hua
Ⅰ.根据提示填空
Walk into any bookstore, and you can hardly avoid“bumping into” Charles Dickens. Many of Dickens's ❶novels (novel) still sell well today. And they ❷are_laid (lay) on outstanding shelves.
One day nearly 10 years ago, however, when I was giving my students a lecture about Dickens's ❸writing (write), a hand shot up.“But why should we still read this stuff？”the student asked.
The question ❹annoyed (annoy) me for years and for years, I told myself answers, but never with complete ❺satisfaction (satisfy). We read Dickens because we can learn from experiences of his ❻characters (character) almost as ❼easily (easy) as we can learn from our own experiences. We read Dickens because ...
The above reasons for reading Dickens may be fair. But these are not exactly the reasons why I read Dickens. My search for an answer continued until one day a text message came from a student of mine.“We still read Dickens's novels，”she wrote，“because they tell us why we are and what we are.”Simple as it was, that was the explanation I ❽had_sought (seek) for years.
Dickens ❾shines_a_light_on (照亮) who we are during the best of times and worst of times. So go to _pick_up (拿起) one of his many novels, read it and enjoy what it has to tell you about yourself.
Ⅱ.片段选词填空
permission， librarian， ancient， knowledge， precious， discuss， hidden， dream of， move， break out
Alia Baker is a ❶librarian in Iraq. Her library used to be a meeting place for all who loved books and liked to share ❷knowledge. They ❸discussed various matters all over the world. When the war was near, Alia was worried that the fires of war would destroy the books, which are more ❹precious to her than mountains of gold. The books are in every language — new books, ❺ancient books, even a book on the history of Iraq that is seven hundred years old.
She had asked the government for ❻permission to move the books to a safe place, but they refused. So Alia took matters into her own hands.Secretly, she brought books home every night, filling her car late after work. Her friends came to help her when the war ❼broke_out. Anis who owned a restaurant agreed to hide some books. All through the night, Alia, Anis, his brothers and neighbours took the books from the library, passed them over the sevenfoot wall and hid them in the restaurant. The books stayed ❽hidden as the war continued. Then nine days later, a fire burned the library to the ground.
One day, the bombing stopped and the soldiers left. But the war was not over yet. Alia knew that if the books were to be safe, they must be ❾moved again while the city was quiet. So she hired a truck to bring all the books to the houses of friends in the suburbs (郊区). Now Alia waited for the war to end and dreamed_of peace and a new library.
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·江苏高考)Kids shouldn't have access to violent (violence) films because they might imitate the things they see.
2．(2017·江苏高考)Many Chinese brands, having developed their reputations (reputation) over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued (rescue) from starvation in the wild.
4．(2015·福建高考)The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but neither contained any useful suggestions.
5．(2015·浙江高考)We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or appeal to our emotions than for straight facts.
6．(2014·广东高考)When we were wondering what to do, the manager came (come) out.
7．(2014·江西高考)Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence. On the other hand, it could just put you in debt.
8．(2014·湖南高考)To free ourselves from the physical and mental tensions (tense), we each need deep thought and inner quietness.
9．(2010·广东高考)After the student left, the teacher let another student taste the water. He spit it out,_saying it was awful.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
adore, violently, resist, desperately, rescue
1．(2012·湖北高考)“You can't leave the back part bare，” noted Mr. Johnson. He fixed a metal box with buttons behind the seat, and said，“Is there anything better than this oven when you feel hungry on your way? I can give you a special discount.” I was not strong enough to __50__ the offer. ____________
2．(2012·陕西高考)When she opened her eyes and saw her dog standing beside her, the girl said，“you __44__ me, Laddy，” and she kissed him several times.____________
3．(2011·湖南高考)People aren't used to making an unprepared chat with a stranger. But a change, no matter how __45__ it is needed, doesn't just happen. It takes people like us to make it possible.____________
4．(2011·重庆高考)When we were in the middle of the lake, a strong wind came all of a sudden. The boat was hit __43__. Dad was always at his best in any danger, but at this moment he froze.____________
5．(2011·湖北高考)In her second grade, Maja lost her cousin, Jasmina. After Jasmina's death, Maja swore she would honor the little girl by swimming with a dolphin, an animal that both girls__33__.“Jasmina never got the chance to do it，” says Maja, now 32, “so I decided that someday I'd do it for her.”____________
答案：1.resist 2.rescued 3.desperately 4.violently
5．adored
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：文学包括诗歌、散文、小说、剧本、寓言童话等，是文化的重要表现形式，凝聚了世代人类思想艺术的精华。中西方的经典文学著作、著名文坛巨匠、精彩文学评论等都是高考选材的对象，其中作为中国传统文化重要表现形式的中国传统文学在高考，特别是书面表达题型中频频出现。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加彩词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
(2018·浙江高考)In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century — most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719 — but nobody wanted to do it professionally.The steampowered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy (识字) rate in England was under 50%.Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.” Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim — were held up as moral touchstones.Today Dickens' greatness is unchallenged.Removing him from the pantheon (名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.
How did Dickens get to the top？For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass.Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901；today a casual reader might be able to name a halfdozen of them.It's partly true that Dickens' style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life.It's partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress.But it's also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center.No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture — to understand how he made himself a lasting one.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国著名作家查尔斯·狄更斯及其作品是如何奠定他在英国文学中的地位的。
21．Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?
A．They were difficult to understand.
B．They were popular among the rich.
C．They were seen as nearly worthless.
D．They were written mostly by women.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.”可知，那时印刷技术落后，人们识字率低，很多作品上没有作者名字，小说被认为是愚蠢的、有悖道德的或糟糕透顶的。故选C项。
22．Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________.
A．his reputation in France
B．his interest in modern art
C．his success in publication
D．his importance in literature
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Removing him from the pantheon (名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.”可知，把他从英国文学的名人堂移除就跟卢浮宫廉价出售《蒙娜丽莎》的感觉一样，可见狄更斯在英国文学史上的重要性，由此可推知D项正确。
23．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To remember a great writer.
B．To introduce an English novel.
C．To encourage studies on culture.
D．To promote values of the Victorian age.
解析：选A 写作意图题。根据文中对查尔斯·狄更斯及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的介绍，和文章最后一句可知，本文写于查尔斯·狄更斯诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念查尔斯·狄更斯这位伟大的作家。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
细节理解技法(5)——“两关注，一防范”解间接细节理解题
间接细节理解题相对于直接细节理解题要难些，因为此类题目的正确选项都经过了命题人对原文信息的语义转换，两者存在表达上的差异。在做间接细节理解题时，要做到“两关注，一防范”。“两关注”指关注正确选项的两个特征：一是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言(词汇和结构)改头换面，来表达相同的意思；二是对文章信息的归纳。“一防范”是指防范过于逼真的干扰选项，以免稍有不慎就落入命题人设置的陷阱中。
如第21小题，其信息句是第一段最后一句“Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.”，句中的silly“愚蠢的”，immoral“有悖道德的”，plain bad“糟糕透顶的”都是贬义词，与这些词相对应的是C选项中的worthless“无价值的”。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2019·长沙质检)
Best Science Books of 2017
At its heart, science is about curiosity. So it stands to reason that these books about science should make you examine your world more closely, and in doing so, give you a sense of wonder.
Big Chicken, by Maryn McKenna
Investigative journalist Maryn McKenna uses the modern industrial chicken as a window into how antibiotics (抗生素) transformed modern agriculture — for good and ill. She traces how animal antibiotics endanger human health, causing serious problems from antibioticresistant stomach infections to UTIs. Recognizing that Americans are going to continue to eat chicken no matter what, McKenna suggests a way in which factory farming rids itself of its dependence on antibiotics.
Why Time Flies, by Alan Burdick
The New Yorker staff writer Alan Burdick examines the greatest gift humanity has ever known: time. Time, he writes, appears to exist in two distinct forms. One is the standardized, objective kind found in clocks and watches; the other is our internal, biological sense of time, the one we measure in our cells, bodies and minds. But the closer he looks, the less clear this distinction appears.
Paleoart, by Zo Lescaze
Dinosaurs have long captured the imaginations of scientists and artists alike, and Paleoart brings those visions together in a blend of human knowledge and creativity.
These images not only show our changing understanding of dinosaurs, but also reflect the distinct artistic sensibility of their time. Both artistic and educational these pictures are certainly influential.
What It's Like to Be a Dog, by Gregory Berns
Berns, a neuroscientist, trained dogs to sit in a machine in order to look into the brains of conscious dogs for the first time. That pioneering work inspired him to dig deeper into the minds of other animals, from sea lions to the extinct thylacine (袋狼). Berns says, “With their ability to think, choose and feel, dogs and other animals do not deserve the cruel treatment humans so often do to them.”
语篇解读：本文是说明文，介绍了2017年四本最佳科学图书的作者、简介等相关内容。
1．Which book has something to do with public health?
A．Big Chicken. B．Why Time Flies.
C．Paleoart. D．What It's Like to Be a Dog.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一本书Big Chicken中的“She traces how animal antibiotics endanger human health, causing serious problems from antibioticresistant stomach infections to UTIs”可知，这本书是有关人类健康的。故答案选A。
2．Who writes about time?
A．Maryn McKenna. B．Alan Burdick.
C．Zo Lescaze. D．Gregory Berns.
解析：选B 细节理解题。第二本书Why Time Flies是关于时间的，其作者是Alan Burdick。故答案选B。
3．What was Berns' pioneering work?
A．Training dogs.
B．Studying extinct animals.
C．Observing dog brains.
D．Fighting for animal rights.
解析：选C 细节理解题。第四本书What It's Like to Be a Dog中的That pioneering work指的是“in order to look into the brains of conscious dogs for the first time”，可知这项开创性的工作是观察狗的大脑，故答案选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Keep on reading
In our hightech society today, too many people are relying on technology to meet all of their __1__ and personal growth needs. They believe all they need to do is __2__ those buttons and they've got the __3__ to everything.
There is much that can be said about the __4__ of the electronic age, but the computer is still the greatest, especially in the area of creativity. Ongoing creativity greatly __5__ the input into our minds. We accumulate vast amounts of __6__ through observation, listening, reading and talking with people.
One of the most reliable __7__ of information comes from the materials we __8__. We have access to some of the __9__ minds in the world. We can read the words of brilliant men and women who have gone __10__ us and who are still living with us. The question is whether we can __11__ this great resource.
__12__， the answer for well over half of our people is no. Fiftyeight percent of all people in our society, when they __13__ their formal education, never read another __14__ book.That's unbelievably tragic (可悲的) and limiting. __15__， those who make “Who's Who in America” read an average of 20 useful books in a year.
__16__， in five years they will have read 100 books by authorities in many different fields. It gives them __17__. More importantly, it provides inspiration and keeps them growing. In short, these are mature (成熟的), progressive, successful，happy, healthy people. Of course, this is not always __18__，but give you 100 readers vs.100 nonreaders and __19__ you chart the courses of their lives, you will find that the readers are more __20__ in every area of life.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了坚持阅读的重要性。
1．A.natural B．physical
C．material D．educational
解析：选D 根据下文中的“personal growth needs”， “creativity”， “information”， “read”等可知，现在很多人都依靠科技来满足他们的“教育 (educational)”和个人成长的需求。
2．A.turn B．move
C．press D．seize
解析：选C 根据上文中的“relying on technology”可知，他们相信只要“按下 (press)”按钮，就能得到自己想要的“答案 (answers)”。
3．A.reactions B．answers
C．secrets D．links
解析：选B 参见上题解析。
4．A.beliefs B．courses
C．benefits D．challenges
解析：选C 根据下文中的“the computer is still the greatest”可知，生活在电子时代有很多“好处 (benefits)”，电脑是其中最重要的一个好处。
5．A.deals with B．focuses on
C．contributes to D．depends on
解析：选D 根据下文中的“We accumulate vast amounts of ________ through observation, listening, reading and talking with people”可知，持续创新很大程度上“依赖 (depends on)”输入大脑的信息。
6．A.knowledge B．wealth
C．power D．data
解析：选A 根据下文中的“information comes from the materials we ________”可知，我们通过观察、倾听、阅读和与人交谈可以积累大量的“知识 (knowledge)”。
7．A.exchanges B．sources
C．fields D．types
解析：选B 根据下文中的“comes from the materials”可知，此处是说其中一个最可靠的信息“来源 (sources)”。
8．A.read B．choose
C．collect D．provide
解析：选A 根据下文中的“We can read the words of brilliant men and women”可知，信息来自于我们所“阅读(read)”的材料。
9．A.loneliest B．greatest
C．strangest D．luckiest
解析：选B 根据下文中的“the words of brilliant men and women”可知，我们可以接触到一些“最伟大的 (greatest)”、有才智的人的思想。
10．A.beyond B．beside
C．before D．behind
解析：选C 根据下文中的“and who are still living with us”可知，我们可以阅读到那些古今杰出人物的著作。have gone before us与are still living with us形成并列。
11．A.add up to B．get rid of
C．look forward to D．take advantage of
解析：选D 根据下文中的“Fiftyeight percent of all people in our society, when they ________ their formal education, never read another ________ book”可知，问题是我们是否能“利用 (take advantage of)”这一资源。
12．A.Undoubtedly B．Hopefully
C．Eventually D．Unfortunately
解析：选D 根据下文中的“the answer for well over half of our people is no”和“That's unbelievably tragic”可知，“不幸的是 (Unfortunately)”，我们一半以上的人的回答都是否定的。
13．A.finish B．obtain
C．begin D．continue
解析：选A 根据下文中的“That's unbelievably tragic (可悲的) and limiting”可知，很多人在“完成 (finish)”了他们的正规教育之后，将不再多读一本“有意义的 (meaningful)”的书。
14．A.boring B．difficult
C．meaningful D．interesting
解析：选C 参见上题解析。
15．A.In fact B．By the way
C．After all D．On the other hand
解析：选D 空处上下文之间是转折关系，故此处填On the other hand。
16．A.Casually B．Obviously
C．Gradually D．Necessarily
解析：选B 根据上文中的“those who make ‘Who's Who in America’ read an average of 20 useful books in a year”可知，“显然 (Obviously)”，在五年内他们就能读完100本书。
17．A.intention B．permission
C．information D．preparation
解析：选C 读书使他们获得“信息 (information)”，还激励他们不断成长。
18．A.true B．good
C．simple D．vivid
解析：选A 读书多的人更成熟、更进取……这一观点并不总是“正确的 (true)”。
19．A.until B．when
C．since D．because
解析：选B “当 (when)”你了解了读书者和不读书者的人生轨迹后，你会发现读书者在生活的各个领域都更“成功(successful)”。
20．A.successful B．peaceful
C．thankful D．helpful
解析：选A 参见上题解析。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·兰州诊断)Parkour (跑酷) is a sport which trains people to deal with any physical obstacles in their path. It is not a competition but a physical training. A person joining in parkour is called a traceur. Traceurs run along a path and use only their bodies to deal with the obstacles in the most efficient way. Parkour pays more attention to efficiency, __1__ (make) it different from the similar practice of free running. Parkour __2__ (common) includes running, jumping, climbing, rolling and other similar types of physical movements. Many teenagers think that parkour is quite __3__ cool sport. They have great interest in it.
The __4__ (invent) of parkour can't __5__ (give) to one person because many people have worked on it. A French officer developed the earlier form of parkour. The term “parkour” was first introduced by David Belle and Sebastian Foucan in the early 1980s. __6__ that time, they were two teenagers. This sport __7__ (become) more popular in the 1990s when many films were made on it.
__8__ makes parkour different from other sports is its power to bring people together. It allows traceurs to forget the __9__ (society) and other problems, and makes a large group work and grow together instead of competing with each other. People can benefit from parkour as it can make them stronger. Still, it also influences one's thought process by improving selfconfidence and criticalthinking skills. In this way, parkour allows one to deal with __10__ (difficulty) in daily life if he or she deals with them through parkour.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了跑酷这项运动。
1．making 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处考查非谓语动词且表示自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。
2．commonly 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词修饰动词。
3．a 考查冠词。此处构成“quite＋a/an＋adj.＋n.”结构，且cool的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
4．invention 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处作主语，且空前有The修饰，故用名词形式。
5．be given 考查动词的语态。此处主语与give之间为动宾关系，且情态动词后用动词原形。故填be given。
6．At 考查介词。at that time意为“在那时候”，为固定搭配。
7．became 考查动词的时态。句中in the 1990s为表示过去的时间，所以此处用一般过去时。
8．What 考查主语从句。空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，故填What。
9．social 考查形容词。此处修饰名词problems，故用形容词。
10．difficulties 考查名词的数。根据下文中的“them”可知，此处应用名词复数。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2019·郑州质检)Last year my class went on the trip to the mountains for skiing. We have already been to the same place the year before and it had been a wonderfully experience.
When we arrived at there, it had snowed heavily the day before and there were terrible storm. At breakfast the next day, everyone there told us not to go skiing because of the bad weather, but we decide to go anyway. When we got to the mountain top, that started snowing again. The hotel had given us some sandwiches to take along, so we ate them since we were waiting for the weather to improve. But it didn't and soon we really felt very frightening. Luckily, I had my cell phone in my bag. I called the emergency services, at last they sent a helicopter to save us.
答案：第一句：第一个the→a
第二句：have→had; wonderfully→wonderful
第三句：去掉at; storm→storms
第四句：decide→decided
第五句：that→it
第六句：since→when/while/as
第七句：frightening→frightened
第九句：at前加and
Unit 1 The written word
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．vice n. 恶行，恶习，罪恶
2．fiction n. 小说；虚构的事
3．antique n. 古董，文物
4．chapter n. (书的)章，篇，回；时期，时代
5．painter n. 画家
6．spring vi. 突然出现；跳，蹦
7．rigid adj. 死板的，僵化的，固执的；坚硬的，僵直的
8．civil adj. 有教养的，有礼貌的；国民的，平民的；民事的(非刑事的)
9．melt vi.& vt. (使)融化，(使)熔化；(使)缓和，(使)软化
10．envelope n. 信封
11．romantic adj. 浪漫主义的；浪漫的
12．paragraph n. 段落
13．worn out adj. 破烂不堪的，废旧的；精疲力尽的
14．twist n. 转折，转变；转动；急转弯
vi.& vt. (使)弯曲；转动；蜿蜒
15．monument n. 纪念碑，纪念馆，纪念塑像；古迹
16．pin vt. 使不能动弹，按住；(用大头针等)固定，别上，钉住
n. 大头针；胸针
17．plot n. 故事情节；阴谋，密谋
vt. 密谋；绘制(图表)
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．reputation n． 名誉，名声
2．bent adj. 弯曲的；驼背的；不诚实的
n. 天赋，爱好
3．desperate adj. 铤而走险的，拼命的，绝望的；
非常需要，渴望
4．vain adj. 虚荣的，自负的；徒劳的，无结果的
5．rescue n．& vi.& vt. 救援，营救
6．theme n. 主题，主题思想；主题音乐
7．intend vt.& vi. 打算，计划，想要
8．adore vt. 热爱，喜爱，爱慕
9．wrap vt. 包，裹；围，缠绕
10．author n. 作者
11．abuse vt. 虐待；辱骂；滥用
12．spit vi.& vt. 吐唾沫(表示愤怒或鄙视)；吐，唾(唾沫、食物等)
13．debt n. 债务，欠款
14．reform vi.& vt.& n. (使)改过自新，改造；改革，改良
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．poetry n．诗歌→poetic adj.诗歌的，诗的→poet n．诗人→poetess n．女诗人
2．characteristic n．特征，特点 adj.典型的，独特的，特有的→character n．人物，角色；性格
3．novelist n．小说家→novel n．小说 adj.新奇的；异常的
4．criminal n．罪犯 adj.犯罪的，犯法的；刑法的，刑事的→crime n．罪行，犯罪行为
5．tension n．紧张气氛；紧张，烦躁；矛盾，对立→tense adj.令人紧张的；神经紧张的；绷紧的
6．generous adj.慷慨的，大方的；宽厚的，仁慈的→generously adv.慷慨地；大方地→generosity n．慷慨，大方；宽宏大量
7．violence n．暴力，暴行→violent adj.暴力的，粗暴的；猛烈的，强烈的→violently adv.强烈地，激烈地
[语境活用]
1．The robbers hit them violently.They couldn't bear it any more so they decided to answer violence with violence and began their violent fightback.(violent)
2．These crimes were committed largely by professional criminals who lived by crime. All citizens should help the police in tracking the criminals down.(crime)
3．He is a kind and generous old man and he generously contributed a lot of money to the village primary school last week. His generosity is worth admiring.(generous)
4．After years of united efforts, the three countries found themselves united peacefully instead of by war. They took pride in their unity. Imagine the joyful scene when they were reunited with their former relatives and friends.(unite)
8.resist vi.& vt.反抗，抵制，抵挡→resistant adj.有抵抗力的→resistance n．反抗，抵抗，抗拒
9．reunite vt.& vi.(使)重逢，再相聚；(使)再结合，再联合→unite vi.& vt.联合；团结；统一；联手→united adj.联合的；统一的→unity n．团结一致，联合；统一
5.The material, which is resistant to many chemicals, has good resistance to shock. However, some building bosses resist using it because of high costs.(resist)
6．Facing the tense atmosphere, I wanted to scream, for the tension became unbearable.(tense)
7．I'm reading a novel The Mill on the Floss, which was written by the famous novelist,_George Eliot.(novel)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.be_bent_on_(doing)_sth. 决心做某事(通常指坏事)
2．on_the_run 躲避；忙碌，不停地奔波
3．live_up_to 达到，符合(期望)
4．come_to_one's_rescue救援某人，帮助某人
5．touch_on 谈及，涉及
6．be_intended_to_be/do_sth. 目的是作为某物/做某事
7．in_tune 音调准确；演奏合调
8．give_away 泄露；出卖；分发
9．focus_..._on_... 把……集中在……
10．let_out 放大；泄露；发出
11．pick_up 捡起；获得；学会
12．come_out 出版，发行；出来，出现
13．at_a_time 每次
14．(be)_based_on 以……为基础
15．be_set_in 以……为背景
16．have_nothing_to_do_with 与……没关系
17．under_the_control_of 在……的控制下
18．compare_..._to_... 把……比作……
19．appeal_to 吸引；呼吁
20．consist_of 由……组成
21．be_adapted_from 由……改编
1.Body language can give_away a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.
2．No matter what you may say, I am_bent_on doing what I think is right.
3．With a lot of debts to pay off, Helen is keeping on_the_run every day.
4．These general principles are widely known, but it isn't easy to live_up_to them.
5．More importantly than all of that, she sings in_tune. She has got absolutely great potential.
6．The programme is_intended_to offer children regular opportunities to develop confidence and independence.
7．Although his speech lasted for an hour, there were still some important issues he failed to touch_on.
8．That's none of your business, and in other words it has_nothing_to_do_with you.
9．We expect your newspaper to appeal_to the public to pay more attention to environmental protection.
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.This makes them difficult for some people to read, so they are often left to gather dust on shelves.
对有些人来说，读经典作品是困难的，因此它们经常被搁置在书架上积满了灰尘。
“使役动词/感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。充当宾语补足语的是形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式等。
(2016·四川高考写作佳句)夏天让我充满活力，我觉得我有力量做生活中最困难的事情。
Summer makes_me_full_of_energy and I feel I have the strength to do the most difficult things in my life.
2.Pip's sister often abuses him, but Joe is a kind and simple man who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.
皮普的姐姐经常辱骂他，但乔却是一个善良、淳朴的人，他宁愿死也不愿看到皮普受到任何伤害。
would rather do ... than do ...意为“宁愿做……也不愿做……”。
(2017·北京高考写作佳句)我宁愿去游览长江，也不愿爬泰山。
I would_rather_travel along the Yangtze River than_climb Mount Tai.
3.Oliver gets arrested by the police and is taken to court.
奥利弗被警察抓住并被带到法庭上。
“get＋动词ed形式”既可作被动结构也可作系表结构，作被动结构时，强调动作的发生；作系表结构时，强调状态的变化。
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)现在越来越多的人对剪纸感兴趣。
Nowadays, more and more people are_getting_interested_in_papercutting.
二、课堂重点深化
1．desperate adj.铤而走险的，拼命的，绝望的；非常需要的，渴望的
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①The increasing poverty，crime and war tell us that the world is in desperate need of true love.
②There may be something missing in your life that you desperately (desperate) want.
一句多译
显然，他生活很困难，急需一份工作。(desperate)
③Obviously,_he_lives_a_hard_life_and_is_desperate_for_a_job.
④Obviously,_he_lives_a_hard_life_and_is_desperate_to_find_a_job.
[系统归纳]
(1)be desperate for sth. 渴望某物
be desperate to do sth. 渴望做某事
in desperate need of 非常需要
(2)desperately adv. 极其，非常；绝望地
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑤After 12 years of hard study, he is desperate passing the College Entrance Examination and enter an ideal university.passing→to_pass
佳句时时写
⑥(2015·四川高考书面表达)我渴望提高英语口语，你能给我一些建议吗？
I_am_desperate_to_improve_my_spoken_English._Can_you_give_me_some_advice?
2．vain adj.虚荣的，自负的；徒劳的，无结果的
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①She made a vain attempt to persuade him to lend her money.
②We vainly (vain) tried to find out the stranger's name and occupation.
③He stopped at the door, waiting in vain for her to acknowledge his presence.
[系统归纳]
(1)a vain attempt/effort 徒劳的尝试/努力
in vain 徒劳地；无意义地
try in vain to do sth. 枉费心机地试图做某事
(2)vainly adv. 徒劳地；不成功地；白费力气地
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④He tried in the vain to get into contact with the local branch. 去掉第一个the
佳句时时写
⑤(2009·北京高考书面表达)一个西方年轻人正在努力用两根叉子叉起面条，就像我们中国人用筷子一样，但结果却只是徒劳。
A_Western_young_man_is_trying_so_hard_to_pick_up_the_noodles_with_two_forks the_same_way_as_we_Chinese_hold_chopsticks,_but_in_vain.
3．resist vi.& vt.反抗，抵制，抵挡
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①They find these kinds of things extremely boring, and they will resist doing (do) them.
②The greatest resistance (resist), however, may come from the industry itself.
③Any organization with rich personnel tends to be resistant (resist) to rapid change.
④Generally those who exercise regularly have high resistance to diseases.
⑤I bet you can't resist laughing (laugh) at these funny and crazy sports images taken at the right moment.
[系统归纳]
(1)resist doing sth. 反对做某事
can't resist doing sth.＝ can't help doing sth.
忍不住做某事
(2)resistant adj. 抵抗的；有抵抗力的
be resistant to 对……有抵抗力
(3)resistance n. 抵制，抗拒；反对
resistance to ... 对……的抵制
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥It reduces the possibility that weeds or insects will become resistant of chemicals.of→to_
佳句时时写
⑦(2010·广东高考书面表达)其主要目的是通过张贴抵制吸烟的标志，使每一个公共房间都没有人吸烟。
The_main_aim_is_to_make_every_public_room_has_no_smoke_by_posting_the_sign_of_resisting_smoking.
4．rescue n．& vi.& vt.救援，营救
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①I was too tired to take care of the kids and my mom came to my rescue.
完成句子
②The police broke up the window nailed down and rescued_the_boy_from_the_fire.
警察打碎了用钉子钉死的窗子，救出了大火中的男孩。
③Some experts appealed to people to_rescue_many_species_from_extinction.
一些专家呼吁人们拯救许多物种以使其免于灭绝。
[系统归纳]
(1)come/go to sb.'s rescue 前来/去救某人
(2)rescue sb. from ... 从……营救某人
rescue sth. from ... 使某物免于……
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④Helicopters rescued nearly 20 people off the roof of the burning building.off→from
佳句时时写
⑤(2013·重庆高考书面表达)据我所知，你的基金会可以帮助拯救那些濒临灭绝的物种。
As_far_as_I_know,_your_foundation_can_help_rescue_those_species_that_are_at_the edge_of_extinction.
5．reputation n．名誉；声望；名声
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①So far the few that have persuaded readers to pay for news online tend to have a reputation for distinctive coverage.
②Li Yong was once a TV programme host of great reputation, especially famous for holding quiz programmes.
完成句子
③I often buy food and other products that are popular and have_a_good_reputation.
我经常买一些受欢迎的和信誉好的食品及其他产品。
④Don't spread rumors, or you'll ruin_his_reputation.
不要散布谣言，否则你会让他名誉扫地。
⑤It takes twenty years to build_a_reputation and five minutes to ruin it.
花二十年建立起来的声誉可以在五分钟之内完全摧毁。
⑥They live_up_to_their_reputation of heroes.
他们作为英雄名副其实。
[系统归纳]
have a good/bad reputation 名声好/坏
have a reputation for sth. 因……而著名，以……闻名
live up to one's reputation 名不虚传；名副其实
lose/ruin one's reputation 名誉扫地
earn/establish/build a reputation 赢得/确立/树立声誉
be of great/good/high reputation 很有声望的；享有盛名的
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑦American beer barley has excellent qualities, and Canadian beer barley is of a high reputation. 去掉a
佳句时时写
⑧(2017·北京高考书面表达)“长江之行”和“泰山之旅”都享有盛名。
Of_the_two_trips_to_the_Yangtze_River_and_Mount_Tai,_both_are_of_great reputation.
6．intend vt.& vi.打算，计划，想要
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①I intended to_visit/visiting (visit) him, but I was afraid I would disturb him.
②Their expedition was intended to_prepare (prepare) them for their lifelong dream of climbing Mount Everest.
③This money is intended for the development of the tourist industry.
④We come here with the intention (intend) of learning knowledge.
完成句子
⑤They had_intended_to_go_to/intended_to_have_gone_to the country for one day, but were put off by the traffic jams.
他们本来打算去乡下待一天，但由于交通堵塞而耽搁了。
[系统归纳]
(1)intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事
had intended to do sth.＝intended to have done sth.
本来打算做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
intend sth. for ... 为……准备某物
(2)intended adj. 故意的，有意的；打算中的
be intended for 为……准备/设计的
be intended to be/do sth. 目的是作为某物/做某事
(3)intention n. 意图，目的，企图
have no intention of ... 无意……
with the intention of doing/to do ... 抱有做……的目的/打算
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥No one undertakes research in physics with the intention to winning a prize.to→of
佳句时时写
⑦(2018·天津高考书面表达)我想要强调的是我们团队正在招收新成员，我想邀请你加入。
What_I_intend_to_stress_is_that_our_group_is_looking_for_new_members_and_I would_like_to_invite_you_to_join.
1．be bent on (doing) sth.决心做某事(通常指坏事)；一心想要做某事
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①The girl bent her mind to the job, and won great achievements.
②He was bent on winning (win) at all costs, which surprised all of us.
③However weak the nation may be, it will never bend to a greater power.
[系统归纳]
bend one's mind/efforts/thoughts to sth. 专心于某事物
bend (sb.) to sth. 迫使(某人)屈从某物
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④Though he is seventy years old, he is bent to studying medicine. to→on
佳句时时写
⑤(2009·江西高考书面表达)当你专心做你喜欢做的事情时，你的情绪会好转。
When_you_bend_your_mind_to_something_you_love,_your_mood_will_improve.
2．on the run躲避；忙碌，不停地奔波
[系统归纳]
(1)in the long/short run 从长远/短期来看
a run of 一连串(类似的)事件
(2)on the way 在路上
on the go 十分活跃；非常忙碌
[重点强化]
用法条条清(选用上述短语填空)
①In_the_long_run,_they plan to make enough from advertising to offer the application to users for free.
②Do you eat convenience foods because you are always on_the_run/go/way?
③He had a_run_of luck and made a lot of money last year.
佳句时时写
④(2013·安徽高考书面表达)改变这种状况需要每个人付出相当大的努力。至于我，则应该从上学的路上开始做起。
To_change_this_situation_requires_considerable_effort_on_the_part_of_everyone._As for_me,_it_should_start_on_the_way_to_school.
3．live up to达到，符合(期望)；不辜负；遵守(诺言)
[系统归纳]
live on 以……为生；继续存在
live out 活过；实践；实现；住在外面
live with 忍受，容忍；与……一起生活
live through 经历艰难或险境而幸存
[重点强化]
用法条条清(选用上述短语填空)
①People who live_through lifethreatening situations sometimes describe a calming presence or guiding voice that helps them survive.
②I just had to learn to live_with the pain in those hard times.
③I had to live_on bread and water when I was a student.
④One ought to live_up_to what he knows to be right.
易错处处防
⑤The money he got from winning the lottery allowed him to live on his dream of sailing around the world.on→out
佳句时时写
⑥(2015·陕西高考书面表达)我相信我能完全达到你的期望。
I_am_sure_that_I_can_perfectly_live_up_to_your_expectations.
4．“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构
[教材原句] This makes_them_difficult for some people to read, so they are often left to gather dust on shelves.
[自主体验]
①We made_him_captain of our football team.
我们推选他为我们足球队队长。
②We must make_the_rivers_clean.
我们必须净化河水。
③Our teacher_makes_us_feel_more_confident.
老师使得我们感到更自信了。
④He couldn't make_himself_heard above the noise of the traffic.
在交通嘈杂声中他无法使自己的声音让别人听到。
⑤He_makes_the_boy_standing_all the time.
他让那个男孩一直站着。
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
(1)“make＋宾语＋n.”意为“使、让某人/某物(成为)……”
(2)“make＋宾语＋adj.”意为“使某人/某事(变得)……”
(3)“make＋宾语＋do sth.(不带to的不定式)”意为“(迫)使某人做某事”
(4)“make＋宾语＋v.ed(过去分词作宾补)”意为“使某人/某事被……”
(5)“make＋宾语＋v.ing(现在分词)”意为“使某人/某事一直在……”
注意事项
(1)make＋宾语＋宾语补足语结构中，当宾语是不定式短语或从句时，多用it作形式宾语。
(2)make sb. do sth.结构变为被动语态时，省略的动词不定式符号to要补上。
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)(2017·全国卷Ⅰ写作佳句)There is no doubt that you are supposed to know about the history of Tang Dynasty in advance, which will make the class go smoothly.
②(增分要点句)(2018·全国卷Ⅱ写作佳句)Watching the film, Growing Together, makes it easier for students to know the school.
5．would rather do ... than do ...宁愿做……而不愿做……
[教材原句] Pip's sister often abuses him, but Joe is a kind and simple man who would_rather_die_than_see any harm come to Pip.
[自主体验]
①I would_rather_stay_at_home_than_go shopping.
我宁愿待在家里也不愿去购物。
②John wants to come to see me today. I would rather he came (come) tomorrow than today.
约翰今天想来看我。我宁愿他明天来而不是今天。
③I would rather you hadn't_known it.
我宁愿你不知道这件事。
[归纳点拨]
(1)would rather常用于以下句型：
(2)would rather 后跟宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气：
[佳句背诵]
①(精彩开头句)(2010·安徽高考写作佳句)I would rather turn off the TV than switch off my cell or cut off the Internet.
②(增分要点句)(2015·浙江高考写作佳句)Most of my classmates wanted to go for a picnic, but I would rather go to a museum.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Pin (钉住) the pieces together before sewing them.
2．He put the letter in a red envelope (信封), and mailed it.
3．Some people are still in the water, waiting to be rescued (救援)．
4．There have been rumors that the band will reunite (再联合) for a world tour.
5．The government has decided to reform (改良) the health system.
6．The plot (故事情节) of the film was so boring that I fell asleep while watching it.
7．Lily twisted (转动) her head so she could see what was happening.
8．I saw the vase made in the Tang Dynasty in the window of a(n) antique (文物) shop.
9．She sat upright, her body rigid (僵直的) with fear.
10．Genes determine the characteristics (特征) of every living thing.
11．Metals will melt (熔化) when heated to a certain temperature.
12．Would you please introduce me to Professor Li? I adore (崇拜) him very much.
13．Can you translate those paragraphs (段落) into English?
14．The police kept after the criminal (罪犯) until they finally caught him.
15．He was so good to me that I can never repay the debt (债) I owe him.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The man in the river desperately (desperate) tried to reach the bank.
2．The key to success as a romantic novelist (novel) is absolute belief in your story.
3．Mark, who had at first been very tense (tension), at last relaxed.
4．Your insight, kindness, courage, and generosity (generous) make this site what it is.
5．We must strengthen our unity (unite) in the face of powerful enemies.
6．On occasion, little Annie would violently (violent) attack anyone who came near.
7．One characteristic (character) I have observed over the years in all great software developers is their passion for their work.
8．Her father tried to persuade her to go back home with him, but in vain.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．I won't buy a new pair of shoes for you until this pair is wore out. wore→worn
2．So why exactly does your job have reputation for being stressful？have后加a
3．Every one couldn't resist to laughing when they heard the story.去掉to
4．I intended to help him, but I was too busy at that moment.intended前加had
5．He tried to cover up his mistakes but in the vain.去掉the
6．All electronic computers consist in five units although they are of different kinds.in→of
7．Just make sure you are on tune with your intuition while making these decisions.on→in
8．The company is appealing for everyone to save power and water.for→to
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．It is said that the school being built at present is_intended_for_the_disabled_children.
据说现在正在建设的学校是为残疾儿童设立的。
2．She couldn't_resist_laughing when her teacher told a funny joke in class.
当老师在班上讲了一个有趣的笑话时，她忍不住大笑起来。
3．The child was_rescued_from_the_fire,_but died soon because of terrible burns.
这个孩子从大火中被救了出来，但不久之后由于严重的烧伤而死去了。
4．The unattended children are in_desperate_need_of love and attention.
留守儿童非常需要爱和关怀。
5．The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has_a_very_good_reputation.
这名医生治疗心脏病医术高超，而且从不收病人的礼物，所以他的名声很好。
6．The teacher raised his voice to_make_himself_heard.
老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他的声音。
7．My father got_cured after the doctor used a new treatment.
在医生使用新治疗方案之后，我的父亲被治愈了。
8．To live a lowcarbon life, more and more people would_rather_ride_a_bicycle_than_drive.
为了过低碳生活，越来越多的人宁愿骑自行车，也不愿开车。
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“文学世界”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
子话题——文学世界
(一)浅易词汇温一温
①character ②ending ③poetry ④classic
⑤fiction ⑥edition ⑦theme ⑧print
⑨list
(二)生疏词汇记一记
①literature n．文学 ②works n．著作，作品
③masterpiece n．杰作 ④adaptation n．改编本
⑤lyric n．抒情诗 ⑥legend n．传说，传奇故事
⑦biography n．传记 ⑧chapter n．章
⑨volume n．卷 ⑩journal n．期刊
⑪description n．描述，描写 ⑫original adj.原创的 n．原作
⑬publish vt.出版，发行 ⑭recommend vt.推荐
⑮translate vt.翻译 ⑯subscribe v．订阅，订购(报刊等)
⑰draft n．草稿，草案 vt.起草，草拟
(三)常用词块忆一忆
①fairy tale 童话故事
②classical literature/work 古典文学/作品
③detective novel 侦探小说
④mystery novel 悬疑小说
⑤science fiction 科幻小说
⑥works appreciation 作品欣赏
⑦a book review 书评
⑧adapt ... from ... 根据……改编……
⑨translate ... into ... 把……翻译成……
⑩have an influence on 对……有影响
⑪(be) based on 以……为基础
⑫be set in 以……为背景
(四)写作佳句背一背
①Literature is a kind of intellectual light, which, like the light of the sun, may sometimes enable us to see what we do not like.
②I hold the view that if we students want to know as many great works of literature as we can, we had better read the original work.
③Besides, no matter how well a poem is translated, something of the spirit of the original work is lost.
二、话题书面表达亮一点
假定你是李华，你的英国网友Peter上周在邮件中提到想阅读中国著名的小说，就此请你用英语给他写封回信。内容包括：
1．推荐一本小说；
2．此书内容简介；
3．给出阅读建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Peter，
I'm very glad to know that you have interest in Chinese novels.
Yours，
Li Hua
[写作4步走]
第一步：句写对——给词写句
novel, recommend, excellent, beyond comparison, be based on, describe, tragedy, decline, reference, background knowledge, have fun
1．有许多著名的中文小说。
There_are_many_famous_novels_written_in_Chinese.
2．我想向你推荐《红楼梦》。
I'd like to recommend A Dream of Red Mansions to you.
3．这本小说很有意思，而且优秀得无可比拟。
It_is_an_interesting_novel_and_is_excellent_beyond_comparison.
4．它以贾和林的爱情故事为基础。
It_is_based_on_Jia_and_Lin's_love_story.
5．它描述了一个爱情悲剧和大家庭的衰落。
It_describes_a_tragedy_about_love_and_the_decline_of_a_big_family.
6．这本书是用古汉语写的。
The_book_is_written_in_old_Chinese.
7．你最好准备一本汉语词典以供查阅。
You'd_better_get_a_Chinese_dictionary_ready_for_reference.
8．你应该了解一些有关清朝的背景知识。
You_should_know_some_background_knowledge_about_Qing_Dynasty.
9．阅读愉快并通过阅读学习一些东西。
Have_fun_and_learn_something_by_reading_it.
第二步：量写够——语句扩充
10．在句1后加入介词短语“包括古典小说和现代小说”。
There_are_many_famous_novels_written_in_Chinese,_including_classical_and_modern_novels.
11．在句5后加入分词短语“揭露了社会危机”作后置定语。
It_describes_a_tragedy_about_love_and_the_decline_of_a_big_family,_exposing_the_social_crisis.
12．在句6后加入定语从句“它理解起来有些难”。
The_book_is_written_in_old_Chinese,_which_is_a_little_difficult_to_understand.
13．在句7前加入状语从句“当你读的时候”。
When_you_read_it,_you'd_better_get_a_Chinese_dictionary_ready_for_reference.
14．在句8前加入主句“我建议”构成主从复合句以及介词短语“预先”。
I_suggest_that_you_should_know_some_background_knowledge_about_Qing_Dynasty_in_advance.
15．在句9前加入主句“我祝愿”构成主从复合句。
I_wish_you_would_have_fun_and_learn_something_by_reading_it.
第三步：语写美——词句升格
16．用which引导的非限制性定语从句合并句2和句3。
I'd_like_to_recommend_A_Dream_of_Red_Mansions_to_you,_which_is_an_interesting_novel_and_is_excellent_beyond_comparison.
17．用过去分词作状语合并句4和句11。
Based_on_Jia_and_Lin's_love_story,_it_describes_a_tragedy_about_love_and_the decline_of_a_big_family,_exposing_the_social_crisis.
第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文
用generally， so， in addition， at last等衔接词汇连句成文
Dear_Peter，
I'm_very_glad_to_know_that_you_have_interest_in_Chinese_novels._Generally_there_are_many_famous_novels_written_in_Chinese,_including_classical_and_modern_novels._
I'd_like_to_recommend_A_Dream_of_Red_Mansions_to_you,_which_is_an_interesting_novel_and_is_excellent_beyond_comparison._Based_on_Jia_and_Lin's_love_story,_it_describes_a_tragedy_about_love_and_the_decline_of_a_big_family,_exposing_the_social_crisis.
The_book_is_written_in_old_Chinese,_which_is_a_little_difficult_to_understand._So when_you_read_it,_you'd_better_get_a_Chinese_dictionary_ready_for_reference._In_addition,_I_suggest_that_you_should_know_some_background_knowledge_about_Qing_Dynasty in_advance._At_last,_I_wish_you_would_have_fun_and_learn_something_by_reading_it.
Yours，
Li_Hua
Ⅰ.根据提示填空
Walk into any bookstore, and you can hardly avoid“bumping into” Charles Dickens. Many of Dickens's ❶novels (novel) still sell well today. And they ❷are_laid (lay) on outstanding shelves.
One day nearly 10 years ago, however, when I was giving my students a lecture about Dickens's ❸writing (write), a hand shot up.“But why should we still read this stuff？”the student asked.
The question ❹annoyed (annoy) me for years and for years, I told myself answers, but never with complete ❺satisfaction (satisfy). We read Dickens because we can learn from experiences of his ❻characters (character) almost as ❼easily (easy) as we can learn from our own experiences. We read Dickens because ...
The above reasons for reading Dickens may be fair. But these are not exactly the reasons why I read Dickens. My search for an answer continued until one day a text message came from a student of mine.“We still read Dickens's novels，”she wrote，“because they tell us why we are and what we are.”Simple as it was, that was the explanation I ❽had_sought (seek) for years.
Dickens ❾shines_a_light_on (照亮) who we are during the best of times and worst of times. So go to _pick_up (拿起) one of his many novels, read it and enjoy what it has to tell you about yourself.
Ⅱ.片段选词填空
permission， librarian， ancient， knowledge， precious， discuss， hidden， dream of， move， break out
Alia Baker is a ❶librarian in Iraq. Her library used to be a meeting place for all who loved books and liked to share ❷knowledge. They ❸discussed various matters all over the world. When the war was near, Alia was worried that the fires of war would destroy the books, which are more ❹precious to her than mountains of gold. The books are in every language — new books, ❺ancient books, even a book on the history of Iraq that is seven hundred years old.
She had asked the government for ❻permission to move the books to a safe place, but they refused. So Alia took matters into her own hands.Secretly, she brought books home every night, filling her car late after work. Her friends came to help her when the war ❼broke_out. Anis who owned a restaurant agreed to hide some books. All through the night, Alia, Anis, his brothers and neighbours took the books from the library, passed them over the sevenfoot wall and hid them in the restaurant. The books stayed ❽hidden as the war continued. Then nine days later, a fire burned the library to the ground.
One day, the bombing stopped and the soldiers left. But the war was not over yet. Alia knew that if the books were to be safe, they must be ❾moved again while the city was quiet. So she hired a truck to bring all the books to the houses of friends in the suburbs (郊区). Now Alia waited for the war to end and dreamed_of peace and a new library.
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·江苏高考)Kids shouldn't have access to violent (violence) films because they might imitate the things they see.
2．(2017·江苏高考)Many Chinese brands, having developed their reputations (reputation) over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued (rescue) from starvation in the wild.
4．(2015·福建高考)The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but neither contained any useful suggestions.
5．(2015·浙江高考)We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or appeal to our emotions than for straight facts.
6．(2014·广东高考)When we were wondering what to do, the manager came (come) out.
7．(2014·江西高考)Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence. On the other hand, it could just put you in debt.
8．(2014·湖南高考)To free ourselves from the physical and mental tensions (tense), we each need deep thought and inner quietness.
9．(2010·广东高考)After the student left, the teacher let another student taste the water. He spit it out,_saying it was awful.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
adore, violently, resist, desperately, rescue
1．(2012·湖北高考)“You can't leave the back part bare，” noted Mr. Johnson. He fixed a metal box with buttons behind the seat, and said，“Is there anything better than this oven when you feel hungry on your way? I can give you a special discount.” I was not strong enough to __50__ the offer. ____________
2．(2012·陕西高考)When she opened her eyes and saw her dog standing beside her, the girl said，“you __44__ me, Laddy，” and she kissed him several times.____________
3．(2011·湖南高考)People aren't used to making an unprepared chat with a stranger. But a change, no matter how __45__ it is needed, doesn't just happen. It takes people like us to make it possible.____________
4．(2011·重庆高考)When we were in the middle of the lake, a strong wind came all of a sudden. The boat was hit __43__. Dad was always at his best in any danger, but at this moment he froze.____________
5．(2011·湖北高考)In her second grade, Maja lost her cousin, Jasmina. After Jasmina's death, Maja swore she would honor the little girl by swimming with a dolphin, an animal that both girls__33__.“Jasmina never got the chance to do it，” says Maja, now 32, “so I decided that someday I'd do it for her.”____________
答案：1.resist 2.rescued 3.desperately 4.violently
5．adored
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：文学包括诗歌、散文、小说、剧本、寓言童话等，是文化的重要表现形式，凝聚了世代人类思想艺术的精华。中西方的经典文学著作、著名文坛巨匠、精彩文学评论等都是高考选材的对象，其中作为中国传统文化重要表现形式的中国传统文学在高考，特别是书面表达题型中频频出现。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加彩词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
(2018·浙江高考)In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century — most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719 — but nobody wanted to do it professionally.The steampowered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy (识字) rate in England was under 50%.Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.” Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim — were held up as moral touchstones.Today Dickens' greatness is unchallenged.Removing him from the pantheon (名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.
How did Dickens get to the top？For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass.Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901；today a casual reader might be able to name a halfdozen of them.It's partly true that Dickens' style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life.It's partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress.But it's also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center.No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture — to understand how he made himself a lasting one.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国著名作家查尔斯·狄更斯及其作品是如何奠定他在英国文学中的地位的。
21．Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?
A．They were difficult to understand.
B．They were popular among the rich.
C．They were seen as nearly worthless.
D．They were written mostly by women.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.”可知，那时印刷技术落后，人们识字率低，很多作品上没有作者名字，小说被认为是愚蠢的、有悖道德的或糟糕透顶的。故选C项。
22．Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________.
A．his reputation in France
B．his interest in modern art
C．his success in publication
D．his importance in literature
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Removing him from the pantheon (名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.”可知，把他从英国文学的名人堂移除就跟卢浮宫廉价出售《蒙娜丽莎》的感觉一样，可见狄更斯在英国文学史上的重要性，由此可推知D项正确。
23．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To remember a great writer.
B．To introduce an English novel.
C．To encourage studies on culture.
D．To promote values of the Victorian age.
解析：选A 写作意图题。根据文中对查尔斯·狄更斯及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的介绍，和文章最后一句可知，本文写于查尔斯·狄更斯诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念查尔斯·狄更斯这位伟大的作家。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
细节理解技法(5)——“两关注，一防范”解间接细节理解题
间接细节理解题相对于直接细节理解题要难些，因为此类题目的正确选项都经过了命题人对原文信息的语义转换，两者存在表达上的差异。在做间接细节理解题时，要做到“两关注，一防范”。“两关注”指关注正确选项的两个特征：一是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言(词汇和结构)改头换面，来表达相同的意思；二是对文章信息的归纳。“一防范”是指防范过于逼真的干扰选项，以免稍有不慎就落入命题人设置的陷阱中。
如第21小题，其信息句是第一段最后一句“Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.”，句中的silly“愚蠢的”，immoral“有悖道德的”，plain bad“糟糕透顶的”都是贬义词，与这些词相对应的是C选项中的worthless“无价值的”。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2019·长沙质检)
Best Science Books of 2017
At its heart, science is about curiosity. So it stands to reason that these books about science should make you examine your world more closely, and in doing so, give you a sense of wonder.
Big Chicken, by Maryn McKenna
Investigative journalist Maryn McKenna uses the modern industrial chicken as a window into how antibiotics (抗生素) transformed modern agriculture — for good and ill. She traces how animal antibiotics endanger human health, causing serious problems from antibioticresistant stomach infections to UTIs. Recognizing that Americans are going to continue to eat chicken no matter what, McKenna suggests a way in which factory farming rids itself of its dependence on antibiotics.
Why Time Flies, by Alan Burdick
The New Yorker staff writer Alan Burdick examines the greatest gift humanity has ever known: time. Time, he writes, appears to exist in two distinct forms. One is the standardized, objective kind found in clocks and watches; the other is our internal, biological sense of time, the one we measure in our cells, bodies and minds. But the closer he looks, the less clear this distinction appears.
Paleoart, by Zo Lescaze
Dinosaurs have long captured the imaginations of scientists and artists alike, and Paleoart brings those visions together in a blend of human knowledge and creativity.
These images not only show our changing understanding of dinosaurs, but also reflect the distinct artistic sensibility of their time. Both artistic and educational these pictures are certainly influential.
What It's Like to Be a Dog, by Gregory Berns
Berns, a neuroscientist, trained dogs to sit in a machine in order to look into the brains of conscious dogs for the first time. That pioneering work inspired him to dig deeper into the minds of other animals, from sea lions to the extinct thylacine (袋狼). Berns says, “With their ability to think, choose and feel, dogs and other animals do not deserve the cruel treatment humans so often do to them.”
语篇解读：本文是说明文，介绍了2017年四本最佳科学图书的作者、简介等相关内容。
1．Which book has something to do with public health?
A．Big Chicken. B．Why Time Flies.
C．Paleoart. D．What It's Like to Be a Dog.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一本书Big Chicken中的“She traces how animal antibiotics endanger human health, causing serious problems from antibioticresistant stomach infections to UTIs”可知，这本书是有关人类健康的。故答案选A。
2．Who writes about time?
A．Maryn McKenna. B．Alan Burdick.
C．Zo Lescaze. D．Gregory Berns.
解析：选B 细节理解题。第二本书Why Time Flies是关于时间的，其作者是Alan Burdick。故答案选B。
3．What was Berns' pioneering work?
A．Training dogs.
B．Studying extinct animals.
C．Observing dog brains.
D．Fighting for animal rights.
解析：选C 细节理解题。第四本书What It's Like to Be a Dog中的That pioneering work指的是“in order to look into the brains of conscious dogs for the first time”，可知这项开创性的工作是观察狗的大脑，故答案选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Keep on reading
In our hightech society today, too many people are relying on technology to meet all of their __1__ and personal growth needs. They believe all they need to do is __2__ those buttons and they've got the __3__ to everything.
There is much that can be said about the __4__ of the electronic age, but the computer is still the greatest, especially in the area of creativity. Ongoing creativity greatly __5__ the input into our minds. We accumulate vast amounts of __6__ through observation, listening, reading and talking with people.
One of the most reliable __7__ of information comes from the materials we __8__. We have access to some of the __9__ minds in the world. We can read the words of brilliant men and women who have gone __10__ us and who are still living with us. The question is whether we can __11__ this great resource.
__12__， the answer for well over half of our people is no. Fiftyeight percent of all people in our society, when they __13__ their formal education, never read another __14__ book.That's unbelievably tragic (可悲的) and limiting. __15__， those who make “Who's Who in America” read an average of 20 useful books in a year.
__16__， in five years they will have read 100 books by authorities in many different fields. It gives them __17__. More importantly, it provides inspiration and keeps them growing. In short, these are mature (成熟的), progressive, successful，happy, healthy people. Of course, this is not always __18__，but give you 100 readers vs.100 nonreaders and __19__ you chart the courses of their lives, you will find that the readers are more __20__ in every area of life.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了坚持阅读的重要性。
1．A.natural B．physical
C．material D．educational
解析：选D 根据下文中的“personal growth needs”， “creativity”， “information”， “read”等可知，现在很多人都依靠科技来满足他们的“教育 (educational)”和个人成长的需求。
2．A.turn B．move
C．press D．seize
解析：选C 根据上文中的“relying on technology”可知，他们相信只要“按下 (press)”按钮，就能得到自己想要的“答案 (answers)”。
3．A.reactions B．answers
C．secrets D．links
解析：选B 参见上题解析。
4．A.beliefs B．courses
C．benefits D．challenges
解析：选C 根据下文中的“the computer is still the greatest”可知，生活在电子时代有很多“好处 (benefits)”，电脑是其中最重要的一个好处。
5．A.deals with B．focuses on
C．contributes to D．depends on
解析：选D 根据下文中的“We accumulate vast amounts of ________ through observation, listening, reading and talking with people”可知，持续创新很大程度上“依赖 (depends on)”输入大脑的信息。
6．A.knowledge B．wealth
C．power D．data
解析：选A 根据下文中的“information comes from the materials we ________”可知，我们通过观察、倾听、阅读和与人交谈可以积累大量的“知识 (knowledge)”。
7．A.exchanges B．sources
C．fields D．types
解析：选B 根据下文中的“comes from the materials”可知，此处是说其中一个最可靠的信息“来源 (sources)”。
8．A.read B．choose
C．collect D．provide
解析：选A 根据下文中的“We can read the words of brilliant men and women”可知，信息来自于我们所“阅读(read)”的材料。
9．A.loneliest B．greatest
C．strangest D．luckiest
解析：选B 根据下文中的“the words of brilliant men and women”可知，我们可以接触到一些“最伟大的 (greatest)”、有才智的人的思想。
10．A.beyond B．beside
C．before D．behind
解析：选C 根据下文中的“and who are still living with us”可知，我们可以阅读到那些古今杰出人物的著作。have gone before us与are still living with us形成并列。
11．A.add up to B．get rid of
C．look forward to D．take advantage of
解析：选D 根据下文中的“Fiftyeight percent of all people in our society, when they ________ their formal education, never read another ________ book”可知，问题是我们是否能“利用 (take advantage of)”这一资源。
12．A.Undoubtedly B．Hopefully
C．Eventually D．Unfortunately
解析：选D 根据下文中的“the answer for well over half of our people is no”和“That's unbelievably tragic”可知，“不幸的是 (Unfortunately)”，我们一半以上的人的回答都是否定的。
13．A.finish B．obtain
C．begin D．continue
解析：选A 根据下文中的“That's unbelievably tragic (可悲的) and limiting”可知，很多人在“完成 (finish)”了他们的正规教育之后，将不再多读一本“有意义的 (meaningful)”的书。
14．A.boring B．difficult
C．meaningful D．interesting
解析：选C 参见上题解析。
15．A.In fact B．By the way
C．After all D．On the other hand
解析：选D 空处上下文之间是转折关系，故此处填On the other hand。
16．A.Casually B．Obviously
C．Gradually D．Necessarily
解析：选B 根据上文中的“those who make ‘Who's Who in America’ read an average of 20 useful books in a year”可知，“显然 (Obviously)”，在五年内他们就能读完100本书。
17．A.intention B．permission
C．information D．preparation
解析：选C 读书使他们获得“信息 (information)”，还激励他们不断成长。
18．A.true B．good
C．simple D．vivid
解析：选A 读书多的人更成熟、更进取……这一观点并不总是“正确的 (true)”。
19．A.until B．when
C．since D．because
解析：选B “当 (when)”你了解了读书者和不读书者的人生轨迹后，你会发现读书者在生活的各个领域都更“成功(successful)”。
20．A.successful B．peaceful
C．thankful D．helpful
解析：选A 参见上题解析。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·兰州诊断)Parkour (跑酷) is a sport which trains people to deal with any physical obstacles in their path. It is not a competition but a physical training. A person joining in parkour is called a traceur. Traceurs run along a path and use only their bodies to deal with the obstacles in the most efficient way. Parkour pays more attention to efficiency, __1__ (make) it different from the similar practice of free running. Parkour __2__ (common) includes running, jumping, climbing, rolling and other similar types of physical movements. Many teenagers think that parkour is quite __3__ cool sport. They have great interest in it.
The __4__ (invent) of parkour can't __5__ (give) to one person because many people have worked on it. A French officer developed the earlier form of parkour. The term “parkour” was first introduced by David Belle and Sebastian Foucan in the early 1980s. __6__ that time, they were two teenagers. This sport __7__ (become) more popular in the 1990s when many films were made on it.
__8__ makes parkour different from other sports is its power to bring people together. It allows traceurs to forget the __9__ (society) and other problems, and makes a large group work and grow together instead of competing with each other. People can benefit from parkour as it can make them stronger. Still, it also influences one's thought process by improving selfconfidence and criticalthinking skills. In this way, parkour allows one to deal with __10__ (difficulty) in daily life if he or she deals with them through parkour.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了跑酷这项运动。
1．making 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处考查非谓语动词且表示自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。
2．commonly 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词修饰动词。
3．a 考查冠词。此处构成“quite＋a/an＋adj.＋n.”结构，且cool的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
4．invention 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处作主语，且空前有The修饰，故用名词形式。
5．be given 考查动词的语态。此处主语与give之间为动宾关系，且情态动词后用动词原形。故填be given。
6．At 考查介词。at that time意为“在那时候”，为固定搭配。
7．became 考查动词的时态。句中in the 1990s为表示过去的时间，所以此处用一般过去时。
8．What 考查主语从句。空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，故填What。
9．social 考查形容词。此处修饰名词problems，故用形容词。
10．difficulties 考查名词的数。根据下文中的“them”可知，此处应用名词复数。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2019·郑州质检)Last year my class went on the trip to the mountains for skiing. We have already been to the same place the year before and it had been a wonderfully experience.
When we arrived at there, it had snowed heavily the day before and there were terrible storm. At breakfast the next day, everyone there told us not to go skiing because of the bad weather, but we decide to go anyway. When we got to the mountain top, that started snowing again. The hotel had given us some sandwiches to take along, so we ate them since we were waiting for the weather to improve. But it didn't and soon we really felt very frightening. Luckily, I had my cell phone in my bag. I called the emergency services, at last they sent a helicopter to save us.
答案：第一句：第一个the→a
第二句：have→had; wonderfully→wonderful
第三句：去掉at; storm→storms
第四句：decide→decided
第五句：that→it
第六句：since→when/while/as
第七句：frightening→frightened
第九句：at前加and
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