2020版高考英语新设计大一轮人教新高考（浙鲁京琼）版讲义：必修二Unit4



阅读词汇
请匹配下列单词与其词义
1．wildlife　　　　A．n.野生动植物
2．habitatB．n.灭绝；消亡
3．extinction C．vt.危害；使受到危险
4．endangerD．n.栖息地；(动植物的)自然环境
5．reserve E．n.保护区
6．zone F．n.种类；物种
7．species G．n.恐龙
8．dinosaur H．n.地域；地带；地区
9．mosquito I．n.昆虫
10．insect J．n.蚊子
答案　1.A　2.D　3.B　4.C　5.E　6.H　7.F　8.G　9.J　10.I
高频词汇
请根据汉语提示完成下列词块
1．decrease in number数目减少
2．hunt the buried treasure寻找埋藏的宝物
3．contain his anger克制他的愤怒
4．threaten him with death用死威胁他
5．employ modern methods运用现代方法
6．inspect all sorts of public buildings对各种公共建筑进行检查
7．appreciate sb’s friendship珍视某人的友谊
8．respond with a smile以微笑表示回答
9．a powerful and secure backing坚强可靠的后盾
10．be affected by heat中暑
11．several amusing incidents几件有趣的事情
12．at the mercy of the weather任由天气摆布
拓展词汇
请填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．But this summer I find myself at a loss(lose)．(2018·浙江11月卷)
2．Why do you think environmental protection(protect) is important in America？(2017·浙江6月卷)
3．To our great relief(relieve), Dad turned down the idea.(2017·浙江11月卷)
4．He said that if he quit the job, he would lose his drive to work and succeed(success)．(2016·浙江10月卷)
5．More broadly the Wakefield survey suggests that employers(employ) may be missing a low－cost way to give workers something of value.
6．I am leaving our office to care for my elderly mother in a distant (distance) city.
7．Eating too much every day is harmful to our health; that is to say, eating too much every day does harm to our health.(harm)
8．None of the students responded to her question; that’s to say, her question failed to get a response(respond) from any of the students.
9．We sincerely (sincere) hope that WWF can play a role in protecting this endangered species.
10．The children are having a good time—their laughter (laugh) could be heard in the next room.
必会短语
请根据汉语提示完成下列词块
1．die__out灭亡；逐渐消失
2．come__into__being 形成；产生
3．burst__into__laughter突然大笑起来；大声笑了出来
4．do__harm__to your eyes对你的眼睛有害
5．pay__attention__to state affairs关心国家大事
6．according__to the instructions按照说明
7．protect you from the rain保护你不至于淋雨
8．smile in__relief舒心地笑了
9．live in__peace and content过安宁而满足的生活
10．be in__danger__of catching cold有患感冒的危险
必仿佳句
1.[原句] It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but I’d like to help as the WWF suggests.
2．[原句] They learned this from the way the bones were joined together.
3．[原句] This is the only home of the red Colobus monkey but there are very few left.




1．[仿写] 如果你按照我说的去做，你的梦想将很快实现。
If__you__do__as__I__say,__your dream will come true soon.
2．[仿写] 诚实地说，我们钦佩他解决那个问题的方法。
To be honest, we admired the__way__(that/in__which)__he__solved__the__problem．
3．[仿写] 快点，留给我们赶最后一班车的时间不多了。
Hurry up, there__is__little__time__left for us to catch up with the last bus.

1.mercy n．怜悯，宽恕，仁慈
(1)show mercy to/have mercy on sb怜悯某人
it’s a mercy that... ……真是万幸
without mercy 毫不留情
(2)merciful adj. 仁慈的，宽恕的
单句语法填空/句型转换
①He is such a merciful (mercy) man and always has mercy on those homeless animals.
②They asked her to be merciful to the prisoners.
→They asked her to show__mercy__to/have__mercy__on the prisoners.(mercy)
[佳句背诵] It’s a mercy that she wasn’t seriously hurt and was waiting until the rescue arrived.
幸好她没有受重伤，正等着救援的到来。
2.appreciate vt.鉴赏；感激；意识到
(1)appreciate (doing)sth　感激 (做)某事
I would appreciate it if... 假如……我将不胜感激
(2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感激
单句语法填空
①I’d appreciate your writing (write) me back as soon as possible.
②Here I sincerely express my appreciation (appreciate) if you could help find the lost suitcase.
[佳句背诵] I would appreciate it very much if you could check the contents and format for me.
如果你能为我检查一下内容和格式，我将不胜感激。
[名师指津] appreciate, hate, dislike, love, like, depend/rely on等词后一般先加it，再接从句。
3.succeed vi.成功；继承 vt.接替；继任
(1)succeed in doing sth＝be successful in doing sth　成功地做某事
succeed to sth 继承……
(2)success n. [U]成功；成就；[C]成功的人或事物
successful adj. 成功的
单句语法填空/完成句子
①Success(succeed) consists in the ability to continue efforts through failures.
②After succeeding__to__his__father’s__company (继承了父亲的公司) as president, he succeeded__in__making/was__successful__in__making(成功地使得) the company more successful.
[佳句背诵] The saying tells us that if we want to succeed in doing something, we should not only plan carefully but also act it out thoroughly.
这句名言告诉我们，如果我们想取得成功，不仅要周密计划，还要彻底实施。
4.affect vt.影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭
(1)be (greatly/deeply) affected by被…… (深深) 打动/影响
(2)effect n. 作用；影响
have an effect on 对……产生影响
单句语法填空/句式升级
①Foreign food and climates can have an effect(affect) on your health.
②The audience were deeply affected, and they warmly applauded for a long time.
→Deeply__affected,__the audience warmly applauded for a long time.
→The audience, who__were__deeply__affected,__warmly applauded for a long time.
[佳句背诵] She was deeply affected by the sad story.
她被那个悲伤的故事深深感动了。
5.contain vt.包含；容纳；容忍；克制 (强烈的感情等)
contain oneself　　　克制自己
container n. 容器；集装箱；货柜
[一词多义] 写出下列句子中contain的含义
①After the meal, she placed a little box containing an old pen in my hand.内含，包含
②The stadium is large enough to contain 100 thousand audience.容纳
③Hearing the disappointing news, he was too sad to contain himself.克制
④And then I found that no one contained my ill temper like you.容忍
[图形助记]

6.decrease n．& v．减少，降低
(1)decrease by...　　　减少了……
decrease to... 减少到……
(2)on the decrease 在减少
单句语法填空/完成句子
①By the end of the study, that percentage had decreased by half, to 45 percent.
②To be frank with you, the population in that country is__decreasing/is__on__the__decrease(正在减少)．
7.employ vt.雇用；利用(时间、精力等)
(1)employ oneself in (doing) sth/be employed in (doing) sth　从事于……，忙于……
employ sb to do sth 雇用某人做某事
(2)employer n. 雇主
employee n. 雇员
employment n. 雇用
单句语法填空/句式升级
①Men and women must be treated equally in education and employment(employ)．
②He was employed in reading and he didn’t see Tom come in.
→Employed__in__reading,__he didn’t see Tom come in.(过去分词短语作状语)
[佳句背诵] She was employed in/employed herself in watering the flowers, so she did not notice what was happening.
她忙着给花浇水，没有注意到那时发生的一切。
8.relief n．(痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除；减轻痛苦的事物
(1)in relief　　如释重负；松了口气
to one’s relief 使某人大为放心，使某人深感宽慰
(2)relieve vt. (危险、痛苦等)解除；减轻；缓解
单句语法填空/完成句子
①I felt a little uneasy, but to my relief, I had a good excuse.
②I could hear the other girls behind me sigh__in__relief(如释重负地叹了口气)．
9.die out灭绝，灭亡；逐渐消失
(1)die away　　　　　(声音、光线等)逐渐消失
die of/from 因……而死
(2)be dying for 很想要；渴望
be dying to do sth 极想做某事
单句语法填空/句型转换
①Some rare birds in the area are in danger of dying out because of human activities.
②Now I am dying for something to eat.
→Now I am dying to__eat__something．
10.come into being形成；产生
come into effect/force　　　开始生效/执行
come into existence/being 开始存在/形成/产生
come into power/office 就职；上台执政
come into use 开始被使用
单句语法填空/完成句子
①When does the new timetable come into effect?
②Since__the__computer__came__into__being/existence(自计算机问世以来), science and technology have made great advances.
11.It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but I’d like to help as__the__WWF__suggests.
这体现了野生动植物保护的重要性，不过，我还是想按照世界野生生物基金会的建议来帮助你们。
as作为连词的用法主要有：
(1)引导方式状语从句，意为“按照，正如”
(2)引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候；一边……一边……；随着”
(3)引导原因状语从句，意为“因为；既然”
(4)引导让步状语从句 (倒装句)，意为“尽管”
(5)引导定语从句，意为“正如”
完成句子/句式升级
①As__you__can__see__in__the__first__picture (正如你在第一张图画上所看到的一样)，many students are riding bikes to school.
②As__is__known__to__us__all/As__we__all__know (我们大家都知道), the earth goes around the sun.
③Although he is young, he has travelled to many countries.
→Young__as/though__he__is,__he has travelled to many countries.
[佳句背诵] When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
入乡随俗。
12.They learned this from the__way the bones were joined together.
他们是根据(恐龙)骨骼的连接方式了解到这一点的。
(1)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句，也可以将关系词in which或that省略掉，此时关系词在从句中作状语
(2)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后还可接不定式或of doing sth的形式
句型转换
School activities are usually considered a good way to make new friends and develop new interests.
→School activities are usually considered a good way of__making__new__friends__and__developing new interests.
[佳句背诵] As far as I’m concerned, I like the way (that/in which) our English teacher teaches.
就我个人而言，我喜欢我们的英语老师教给我们的方法。

Ⅰ.阅读——教材VS高考之一
Population growth is①decreasing year after year, leading to a higher proportion of older people.In Germany, for example, 100 employed persons now support about 40 elderly, deeply ②affecting its labour, financial and housing markets.How to regulate the population decline is a problem many governments have to face.China has ③responded to the issue quickly by allowing one couple to have two children.Whether this policy will influence the concerned markets is worth ④inspecting closely.So far, this measure has been ⑤appreciated by many developed countries.
1．写出黑体词汇在语境中的词性和词义
①vi.减少；变少　　　②vt.__影响
③vi.做出反应 ④vt.检查
⑤vt.欣赏
2．Which of the following can replace the underlined “regulate”？
A．threaten B．contain
C．endanger D．employ
答案　B
Ⅱ.完形——教材VS高考之二
As we all know, wild life is on the decrease.Tigers can now only be found in __1__ reserves or distant mountains.Hunters kill them without __2__ for fur to make coats and carpets.Even some insects are dying out.According to an inspection, an insect, which __3__ a drug against mosquitoes’ biting, is disappearing from a zone, where farmers are employed to catch them in large numbers.This has affected the natural balance, badly __4__ the environment.To our __5__， people are aware of the importance of wildlife protection.
1．A.secure B．wild
C．powerful D．fierce
2．A.extinction B．loss
C．relief D．mercy
3．A.affects B．contains
C．appreciates D．succeeds
4．A.biting B．inspecting
C．harming D．protecting
5．A.laughter B．mercy
C．attention D．relief
答案　1.A　2.D　3.B　4.C　5.D
Ⅲ.语法填空——教材VS高考之三
We should appreciate 1.it that we are living on the earth securely.But animals 2.have__been__affected(affect) by powerful mankind since humans came into being.According to the common sense, dinosaurs have died out.It’s not the 3.ending(end)．In fact, the number of many rare animals is decreasing now.It’s certain that human race should pay attention to the topic of wildlife protection.We all should protect animal from 4.being__harmed(harm)．Everyone has the duty to do so.Although some 5.reserves(reserve) and natural zones have been set up to help them live 6.in peace, there are still some animals being caught to get their fur and meat.The government in different countries should employ more people so 7.that they can inspect the incidents of hunting and killing animals.Or we are in danger too.The disappearance won’t be 8.distant(distance) if we don’t treat animals as our friends.
Ⅳ.写作——教材VS高考之四
一、细读本单元Reading部分，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的概要。
【参考范文】
In Daisy’s strange dream，Daisy flew on a flying carpet to three places，where she learnt so much about how to help wildlife.(要点1)In Tibet she found antelopes were in danger of dying out.(要点2)In Zimbabwe she found the wild animals were well protected with the government’s help.(要点3)In the rainforest she talked with a monkey and got to know rainforests should be protected，for they are the source of good drugs.(要点4)
二、5月22日是世界野生动物保护日。请你用英语为China Daily写一篇关于保护野生动物的短文。内容应包含：
1．过度捕杀导致一些动物灭绝或处境危险；
2．一系列措施和法律已付诸实施；
3．个人看法。
注意：1.词数不少于60；
2．至少使用5个所提示的关键词语。
提示词：hunt, affect, as a result, die out, in danger, pay attention to, come into effect, succeed, prevent...from...
【参考范文】
It is hunting too much that has greatly affected the number of wild animals.As a result, some animals have died out and others are in danger.Fortunately, our government has paid attention to the situation and has taken a series of measures.A series of laws has also come into effect.I believe that we will succeed in preventing the situation from getting worse.

Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
In the story of The Crow and the Pitcher from Aesop’s Fables, a thirsty crow (乌鸦) drops stones into a narrow jar to raise the low level of water inside so he can take a drink.
Now scientists have evidence to back up that story.Crows actually do understand how to make water displacement (排水量)work to their advantage, experiments show.The results suggest that the birds are, at least in some aspects, as smart as first－graders.
Researchers, led by Sarah Jelbert at the University of Cambridge, presented six crows with tubes containing water.Inside the tubes, a worm or a piece of meat on a piece of wood was floating, just out of reach of the crow.In front of the tubes，the researchers arranged several rubber erasers that would sink，and some plastic objects that would float.The crows found out that they could drop the erasers into the tubes in order to raise the water level and get their snack.
However, the__birds__handled__awkwardly in experiments in which they could choose to drop objects in either a wide tube or a narrow one to get a snack, the researchers said.Dropping objects into a narrow tube would lift the water level by a greater amount and put the treat within reach after just two drops; while it took around seven drops to raise the snack to the same level in the wide tube.The crows obviously didn’t realize this, and most of them went for the wide tube first.
Previous studies showed that chimps and human children can solve similar tasks.In a 2011 study, chimps and kids found out that they could put water into a tube to reach a peanut that was floating in a small amount of water at the bottom.
【语篇解读】　本文介绍了科学家通过实验对乌鸦智商的研究。
1．How did the crows get the snack in Sarah’s experiment?
A．By breaking the tube.
B．By dropping in erasers.
C．By standing on the wood.
D．By removing the wood.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“The crows found out...get their snack”可知，乌鸦能够把橡皮擦扔到管里，使水位升高，然后吃到零食。所以选B项。]
2．What does the author mean by “the birds handled awkwardly” in Paragraph 4?
A．They were unable to tell different shapes.
B．They dropped objects only into narrow tubes.
C．They were not aware of the snack at first sight.
D．They mostly avoided the easier way to get the snack.
答案　D　[推理判断题。从第四段可知，实验中的乌鸦在面对粗细不同的管子时，虽然只需往细管里投两次物体就可以够到零食，而需往粗管里投大约七次物体才能够到零食，但是乌鸦往往先去粗管那边，而没有选择更容易获得零食的细管。由此可推知，画线部分是说它们通常没有选择更容易的方式以得到零食。]
3．What does the text mainly focus on?
A．Stories of Aesop’s Fables.
B．The development of crows.
C．Crows’ intelligence.
D．Human－animal communication.
答案　C　[主旨大意题。根据第二段最后一句“The results suggest...as smart as first－graders”以及下文中的实验可知，整篇文章都是围绕乌鸦的智商问题来展开的。]
B
(2019·温州八校联考)It was days or even weeks since I had been left on the island.My only companion was a dog called Philly which had survived the shipwreck.Memories of what happened were still fresh.
The magnificence of the ship had given us all a false sense of security.As the first signs of the storm started，our captain announced it was nothing much，just another storm.Yet，he was wrong! The storm hit the ship so badly that large holes were made at the sides of the ship.As the freezing water started rushing in，our ship was consumed quickly by the dark water.
My train of thought was disturbed by Philly licking my hand dearly.Are you hungry? I spoke my first words ever since the shipwreck occurred.Woof，woof! Barked Philly enthusiastically.At this moment，my stomach gave a loud growl，too.I could not remember when my last meal was，probably a ten－course dinner on the ship.As I had never fished before，I thought maybe I could try something simpler，like picking fruits.With Philly at my side，armed with a sharp branch，we walked into the forest on the island together.Suddenly I thought I heard noises.Could there be anyone else on this island? I wondered.As we were looking for fruit trees，we chanced upon one that bore yellow，juicy－looking fruit.Philly started barking—we had company.It was a dark－skinned woman，holding a sharp spear，dressed in fur and grass.I backed away from her，afraid that she would be aggressive.Then，I saw that she was trying to save us.Pointing her spear at the fruit tree，she shook her head strongly.
I nodded at her to show I understood what she was saying.Signaling to us to follow her，she turned to walk along a small path that I had never noticed.At the end of the small path，there was a small village.Tears of joy filled my eyes.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了船只在暴风雨中失事后，作者和唯一的同伴小狗Philly在小岛上的一段经历。
4．Why had the writer been left on the island?
A．Because the captain had deserted him.
B．Because he wanted to explore the island.
C．Because his ship had crashed in the storm.
D．Because his ship had broken down in the shallow water.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“The storm hit the ship so badly...quickly by the dark water.”可知，他们的船遭遇风暴袭击后受损，被海水淹没了。故选C。]
5.What can we know about the dog Philly?
A．He was friendly but aggressive.
B．He was also a survival of the shipwreck.
C．He was badly hurt in the shipwreck.
D．He was left alone while the writer went for food.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“My only companion was a dog called Philly which had survived the shipwreck.”可知，这只狗也是这次海难的幸存者。故选B。]
6．How did the writer deal with his hunger?
A．He went fishing on the sea.
B．He told Philly to find food for him.
C．He got some food from his ship.
D．He went into the forest to pick fruits.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第三段第八句“As I had never...like picking fruits.”和第九句“...we walked into the forest on the island together.”可知，因作者未钓过鱼，所以决定到岛屿上的森林里去采摘水果来填饱肚子。故选D。]
7．Why did the woman point her spear at the fruit tree?
A．The fruits were not the best choice.
B．The fruits were unfit for food.
C．The author was forbidden to pick the fruits.
D．The fruit tree was dangerous.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据前面描述的，作者准备在小岛上找些水果吃，再结合第三段最后两句“Then，I saw that...shook her head strongly.”可推知，那个肤色黝黑的女人是想告诉作者水果不能吃。故选B。]
C
The Amazon basin region is home to about 2.5 million insect species，tens of thousands of plants，and some 2，000 birds and mammals.To date，at least 40，000 plant species，3，000 fish，1，294 birds，427 mammals，428 amphibians，and 378 reptiles have been scientifically classified in the region.One in five of all the birds in the world live in the rain forests of the Amazon.
The warm wet forests have been in existence for 55 million years，and thrived even during glacial periods，allowing for the evolution of an unbelievable diversity of species.Radiocarbon dating(放射性碳年代测定) has revealed trees of 10 centimeter diameter to be more than 300 years old，and some trees over 1，000 years old，indicating that untouched forests can experience unbelievable longevity.
The first human inhabitants are thought to have settled in the Amazon region about 11，200 years ago.European explorers arrived in the 16th century，bringing diseases which traveled faster than the explorers themselves，killing perhaps as many as 90% of the indigenous inhabitants(土著居民)．By the late 17th century the Amazon basin was controlled by Portuguese and Spanish explorers.
The Amazon rain forest has been described as the lungs of our planet because of its important role in recycling carbon dioxide into oxygen.But due to deforestation (采伐森林)，rain forests now cover less than 5% of the Earth’s land surface，and experts believe that this is a big contributor to global climate change.Severe deforestation began in the 20th century，with 587，000 square kilometers lost up to the year 2000.Most deforested land is used for grassland to raise farm animals and agriculture.The addition of transport routes has led to increased settlement and deforestation，and at the present rate，scientists estimate that the Amazon rain forest will be reduced by 40% in two decades.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了亚马逊河流域生物的多样性，以及亚马逊雨林出现的问题。
8．Why are the figures mentioned in Paragraph 1?
A．To prove the forest untouched.
B．To classify species scientifically.
C．To show the diversity of species.
D．To attract more attention to Amazon.
答案　C　[细节理解题。第一段通过列举物种种类的数字，说明了物种的多样性。故选C。]
9．Why did most indigenous inhabitants in the Amazon region die?
A．European explorers brought diseases there.
B．Portuguese explorers treated them badly.
C．A lot of trees were cut down and burned.
D．They got killed by Spanish explorers.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“European explorers arrived...the indigenous inhabitants.”可知，大多数土著居民死亡的原因是欧洲探险家给这里带来了疾病。故选A。]
10．What can be inferred about the Amazon rain forest?
A．It has the largest number of species.
B．It covers over 5% of South America.
C．It is becoming larger in area.
D．It is being endangered now.
答案　D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，由于人类砍伐树木，导致全球气候发生变化，可推知，现在亚马逊热带雨林处于濒危的状态。故选D。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2019·义乌一模)
Does your mood change with the seasons?
Some people find that when the temperature goes down, so do their spirits.__1__ They eat more and gain weight.They have trouble sleeping.They can’t think clearly.
Here are some ways you can beat the winter blues：
Get out in the sun.Some experts say that winter blues happen because we get less sunlight in the winter than we do in other seasons.Some say that the decrease in sunlight can make us feel sad.__2__
Get some exercise.A walk or other exercise will make chemicals called endorphins(内啡肽) flow through your body.Endorphins are natural “feel good” chemicals.
__3__ Avoid having too much sugar.If you crave(渴望) sugary foods (like cookies or candy), it may be a sign that you need more protein, like meat, chicken, or fish.
Avoid holiday stress.Cut back if you have too many things to do.Make sure you have some quiet time to yourself.__4__ Get some rest.Studies show that most teens need about nine hours of sleep each night.The average teen, though, gets only about six or seven hours of sleep per night.
Get help.Be cautious if you feel sad all the time and the feeling won’t go away.__5__ Talk to an adult who you trust or get help from a doctor.
A．Eat more healthful foods.
B．Choose different foods in season.
C．Don’t be so busy that you get run－down.
D．Those people sometimes feel sad for no reason.
E．You may have a bigger problem than the winter blues.
F．Getting extra sunlight each day can help brighten your mood.
G．A regular pattern of sleep is the most important thing to maintain.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何战胜季节变化对情绪的影响。
1．D　[根据上文“Some people find that when the temperature goes down，so do their spirits.”，可知答案为D。]
2．F　[根据此段段首句“Get out in the sun.”，可知答案为F。]
3．A　[根据本段中“Avoid too much sugar.”及“you need more protein，like meat，chicken，or fish.”，可知答案为A。]
4．C　[根据上文“Make sure you have some quiet time to yourself.”和下文“Get some rest.”，可知答案为C。]
5．E　[根据上下文“you feel sad all the time and the feeling won’t go away.”及“Talk to an adult who you trust or get help from a doctor.”，可知答案为E。]